Commissioning - Science topic

An academic discipline is a branch of knowledge that is studied or taught at a college or university. It can be thought of as a specific area of expertise within a broader field of study. For example, Forestry and Environmental Science are two distinct academic disciplines that share similarities and overlap in some areas. Anthropology and Sociology are different academic disciplines, but they are closely related as they both study human social behavior and culture. While there may be some overlap between these disciplines, they are considered distinct areas of study with their own theories, methodologies, and research interests.

Интересно:

Геофизики боятся признать очевидный факт?

Или все согласны, что это мошенничество?

You might want to look at the attached paper too. Best wishes David Booth

... There is another option: The scientist gives a forecast, but the earthquake does not happen. People were evacuated, Businesses and transport were stopped, and infrastructure and factories were stopped. The region is large: radius 50 - 100 km. The loss of the state is in the billions. The next earthquake forecast will not be accepted and there will be huge casualties.

Example: The Haicheng earthquake of magnitude M7.3 occurred on February 4, 1975, at 19:36 local time in Haicheng City County, Liaoning Province, China. A large number of victims have avoided thanks to the local authorities, who announced the evacuation the day before the earthquake. In fact, they found a good method and my work actually continues the work of the Chinese.

However, after this earthquake, an erroneous forecast was given and work on this topic was banned...

The Tangshan earthquake occurred in the Chinese city of Tangshan (Hebei Province) on July 28, 1976. An earthquake of magnitude 8.2 on the Richter scale. According to official figures from the Chinese authorities, the death toll was 242,419 people.

Therefore, I first made sure that my method gives a reliability of about 100%, gives the place, time and magnitude of the future earthquake. After that, I immediately (2004) declared to the Minister of Science of Israel and the Expert of the Institute of Geology - confirmed the results. In 2012, the Russian Expert Council (RES) tested on real earthquake forecasts in real conditions, and only because out of 20 earthquake forecasts with a magnitude of more than 6, all 20 were correctly predicted, the RES recommended using my equipment and methodology to build a network short term forecast. And only in 2015 they accepted the transition of the method from research to the implementation of R&D.

The type of University would hardly matter if your Ph.D. topic is unique and work is free from any synonym of copy and you have followed the standard norms like publishing min three papers in Scopus Indexed journals and patenting your work etc. Ultimately the doctorate person will be judged not on his face vale but on the basis of his knowledge and work.

Related to this valuable discussion thread of Prof. Raphael De Andrade Ribeiro, please let me point to another critical issue related to plagiarism software-detectors.

After about five months, his promotion process to associate professor was rejected because of plagiarism. When he checked the promotion report, he found that one of his papers was accused of plagiarism and with a 100% percentage. The reason is that his manuscript was checked by his co-author using one of these checkers. It took him several months time of following up to solve the problem and removing the manuscript from their database. After that long period, he re-applies the promotion order for the second time.

Therefore, plagiarism software may retain a copy of the manuscript in its database. To state the truth, this is depending upon the settings and type of account subscription.

So, you may face a similar situation when you submit your manuscript after plagiarism checking to a journal. It may be rejected instantly because it would show up 100% similarity index.

To solve the problem, it may take several months time of following up and removing the manuscript from their database.

If there were accusations of plagiarism, it is not well for your reputation, in any meaning.

CHED encourages students to avail of fellowships and exchanges in foreign countries.

Dear sir, In the site they have a map to relocate your position and to use all necessary adjustments and location issues , I discovered error in coding that cos in matlab deal eith radians I use instead now Cosd which deal with degrees that makes my calculations 14% more than the EU calculations then I read inv thier site that they use 14% system losses to overcome different losses like aging reflection soiling etc …. So if this 14% considered my calculations will be exact identical to the site , I appreciate your response and appreciate your help million of thanks dear sir

Although I do not have particularly sympathies toward MDPI (where I have not published an article so far and never will), it would seem relatively unfair to me to single them out, when other open access publishers (like Frontiers) have practices that are not very different, not to mention the biggies like Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, etc....

What we should do instead is to re-evaluate entirely the scholarly publishing business, which to me seems to have taken a wrong turn many years ago, when commercial publishers started publishing for profit the kind of journals that sholarly societies used to publish until then. We, the researchers, did not see clearly at that point that the end result of this transition would amount to us working for free (as editors in some cases, as associate editors most often, and as reviewers definitely) to make available to them a material on which they can then put their copyright, and to which they restrict access, unless we pay large amounts of money, which goes almost all in the pocket of their investors. In a nutshell, we the researchers are helping stockholders of big publishing houses to appropriate public money to get even richer, against a minute amount of work on their part. The situation has gotten worse with the advent of open access journals (some of which charge as much as $9500 per article!!!).

I think that it is time we change course in this area. We need to take back control on the publishing of our own work, and we need to stop wasting the (woefully) little money the public is giving us to do research. If universities and research centres had any vision in the matter, they would launch their own not-for-profit journals, or encourage the editorial board of existing journals to switch to not-for-profit mode, and in so doing avoid a lot of the waste of financial resources. In the mean time, I personally plan to submit manuscripts only to non-profit journals or at least to ones that are associated with, and contribute financially to, scholarly societies.

Martin Bohle As a recommendation: You may wish to visit the website of the Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy at:

See the newsletters where you could find answers to your question about the working methods of an organism.

Hi,

Clinical trials form one of their agendas but they are lot many things which are also priorities. I don't think that anywhere a single-window system exists. clinical trials are of diverse nature and permissions have to be obtained from several departments.

Check some journals in MDPI, Taylor and Francis, Springer, etc.

A challenge is for all Sciences u look from the use of information and communication technologies that drive the digital transformation in order to achieve a high level of competition at all costs

A challenge is for all Sciences u look from the use of information and communication technologies that drive the digital transformation in order to achieve a high level of competition at all costs

This might help.

Various interpretations of the causes and roots of violence are thanks to narratives and competing myths (and myths are “strangely impervious to facts”). It is the most challenging task, as it raises questions of accountability, and all parties, of course, see themselves as just. Instead of asking why should be asked what made it possible? Mapping an ideology that lies behind the conflict is a crucial task (at least in the former Yugoslavia region). Experts generally agree that the reconciliation and peacebuilding process should be all levels of society involved. Lederach explicitly states that “peacebuilding must be undertaken simultaneously at many levels of society. At the same time, Bar-On observes that “top-down processes and bottom-up is difficult to reconcile due to the lack of a common language and social perspective.” In fact, in the region of the former Yugoslavia, peacebuilding processes have so far not been initiated from the highest level of decision-makers decisions in governments and parliaments.

Проводимые исследования бывают результативны и внедряются в отраслевые направления государственной политики если они совпадают с целями государства, помогают органам власти повысить свою эффективность и не преследуют корпоративных, групповых либо личных интересов.

GRACIAS, LOS CAMPOS TEMATICOS SON MUY INTERESANTES. GRACIAS

Thank you very much, Alastair.

Of cours it helps a lot.

Greetings, Cristina.

...significant and inverse relationship between firm size and its efficiency based on

DEA model: in fact the larger the company its efficiency decreases. Thus, according to confirming

the inverse relationship between firm size and firm efficiency, it is recommended to investors and

managers to consider the efficiency index and the desired output with respect to investments

made according to the DEA models to achieve efficiency....

The traditional profit-based criteria have recognized defects the important of which is

being manipulated by various accounting procedures and reliance on the limiting principles of

conservation and retrospection. Thus, it is necessary to find some new parameters in order to

sensibly study companies’ performance. In this regard, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is

considered as a new way to do this. The main effect of this technique is that all previous variables

for assessing performance are simultaneously or individually included. In such models, raw

accounting data, financial ratios, economic variables, and nonfinancial data and factors can be

used (Musavizadeh, 2010)...Razmi et al., 2014

Dear Santosh

I can share the Agro-climatic Zones file but it may not have some new districts recently carved from other districts.

In fact large quantities of monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic use are currently produced at industrial scale by genetically modified cells (not in animals). So the antibody production field is mostly animal-free already.

But the original source of variable regions for such recombinant antibodies can be either hybridomas from immunized animals or libraries displayed on phage, yeast...and even a combination of both- libraries made using lymphocytes of immunized animals. Antibodies for research or analytical purposes are also frequently produced using hybridomas.

You can find published examples showing superior quality of the antibodies coming from in vivo immunization, as well as other papers showing extremely high affinity and specificity of library-derived antibodies without any immunization step.

As a scientist, I think the ideal scenario would be to have both alternatives to choose the best in every case according to the particular application and the expertise of the lab and people involved. I have experience working with both hybridomas and phage-displayed libraries.

But in case of an eventual replacement of animals since the initial steps of antibody development by in vitro sources, libraries have been shown to produce antibody fragments that can be converted to whole antibodies having high affinities and the desired specificity properties, even when working with challenging targets. So I think fully in vitro antibodies could do the job very well if antibody-producing companies use libraries of enough size and diversity, high throughput selection methods to pick the ideal binders, and careful engineering strategies to further improve them if necessary. In fact many companies are doing this already.

In the case of smaller labs that make excellent antibodies for particular applications, the situation is different, because some of them do not have expertise in display techniques or their libraries and selection platforms are not so powerful to produce any desired binding site. For them an eventual transit to animal-free antibody generation could be slow and difficult, and the scientific community could loose many valuable antibodies in the meantime. I think that a growing bias towards the use of antibodies from non-animal sources (starting with big companies) would be much better than a ban.

Hello Carmen. I was a part of the EAT-Lancet presentation made in FSSAI, India. I agree that major emphasis was given to 'reduce food waste' and to encourage healthy lifestyle through the newly proposed "ideal/model plate". But I feel it can only be achieved through major transformations in the supply chain sector along with consumer discouragement for fast foods. Also, if a great transformation is to be seen, it cannot be envisaged in a one-sided battle by the industries. Consumers have to weigh in as well. Lifestyle is not easily changeable but can be gradually modified. Food processing sector has progressed beautifully in the past decade and we have a variety of food items today but what is healthy and what is not needs to be branded and provided as information to the consumers.

Although a lot of countries have already adapted to the EAT-Lancet ideal plate, an overall global transformation could take more than 2050.

Dear James

There are many countries in Asia and the definition of infrastructure investment may vary. Here are some sources:

https://books.google.ca/books?id=VBl8XLiRo3IC&pg=PA75&lpg=PA75&dq=asia+public+sector+infrastructure+expenditures+1960s&source=bl&ots=Wat-ssvMlL&sig=ACfU3U0GGuemNSJWNDdWeFlWsAZKZiZkng&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPgef61NnpAhXiIDQIHWxsC7wQ6AEwCXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=asia%20public%20sector%20infrastructure%20expenditures%201960s&f=false

https://books.google.ca/books?id=B1Rw_hbN5NkC&pg=PA503&lpg=PA503&dq=asia+public+sector+infrastructure+expenditures+1960s&source=bl&ots=s8AS-9brpH&sig=ACfU3U3pFjpET_-riLlpfQdwGn6oF9xOww&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPgef61NnpAhXiIDQIHWxsC7wQ6AEwCnoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=asia%20public%20sector%20infrastructure%20expenditures%201960s&f=false

https://books.google.ca/books?id=ru_CDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA253&lpg=PA253&dq=asia+public+sector+infrastructure+expenditures+1960s&source=bl&ots=Zhtf3jdJmt&sig=ACfU3U2MrmemCnpkbcLSrGhDYCPWyYVoaA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPgef61NnpAhXiIDQIHWxsC7wQ6AEwC3oECA0QAQ#v=onepage&q=asia%20public%20sector%20infrastructure%20expenditures%201960s&f=false

You will need to find another software for image segmentation/contouring. Here is a previous question discussing this: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_anyone_suggest_free_software_for_medical_images_segmentation_and_volume

Here are a few choices (all are free):

It must be..

The identity of the European Union identity alone has almost no meaning (2%). National identity belonging to EU citizens (35%) is strongly felt. However, EU identity (55%) is strongly felt, with national identity being a priority. I think it is too early for a definite assessment of the EU citizenship initiative. However, if processes such as the EU enlargements in the millennium era, the Euro crisis and Brexit are still not able to eliminate the identity of the EU, we can at least comment on the basis of this value.

Thanks to Satyaprasad Venkato, Marko Vok, and Michelle Murphy for your participation in this discussion and comments.

After considerable experimentation, I managed to figure this out. Since Poisson Superfish is written in Fortran 90, I had expected it would use the Fortran 90 representation of complex numbers (i.e. representing z=a+bi as (a,b)). In fact, it uses a slightly different representation with z represented simply as a,b.

Betina Mawokomayi ,

I would say that Nico Deconinck point of defining "the final target" is extremely important not just in terms of the intended purpose but as a metric for your study. If you do not know the length of the campaign how are you going to evaluate the overall performance?

Continuing to target innovation in new product development and product reformulation that incorporates reduced waste and packaging and increased health benefits will ultimately increase GVA and GDP. It will also exponentially create job growth as seen in EU funded initiatives in the Welsh food and drink sector.

Climate change and industrial development are two factors of concern now. But would agree with earlier opinions that nuclear is last last and last option.

Renewables efficiency was once 12% ( 15-20 years back). Now there is an upsurge in efficiency by about 3-5% . Agree with the earlier comment , would still stick on to my point and say NO NUCLEAR

Better to go through CG guidelines of SEC.

It's very important

Reference :

Microgrids and other Local Area Power and Energy Systems. Alexis Kwasinski, ‎Wayne Weaver, ‎Robert S. Balog - 2016 .Cambridge University Press.

You can find your answers through these explanations : AC, LVAC , Diesel + Wind + Natural gas Engine.

Diesel generators have traditionally powered many remote off-grid villages even in developed countries, such as in the United States – e.g., in Alaska – Canada, and Russia. Since refueling the generators of these villages with diesel is usually complicated and expensive, there is an increased interest in adding renewable energy sources that do not rely on lifelines in order to reduce diesel consumption. Examples of such combined wind and diesel microgrids in Alaska – as reported by AVEC as of March 2009 [6] – include the villages of Selawik (with a total generating capacity of 1,647 kW, including four 65 kW wind turbines), Kasigluk (the total village’s electric generation capacity is1,624 kW including three 100 kW wind turbines), Toksook Bay (the total village’s electric generation capacity is 1,618 kW including three 100 kW wind turbines, and the total average load of 370 kW includes the neighboring villages of Tununak and Nightmute), Savoonga (with a total generating capacity of 1,870 kW, including two 100 kW wind turbines), and Wales (powered by three 65 kW wind turbines, two 168 kW diesel generators, and one 75 kW diesel generator). At all these sites diesel generators are important not only to generate electricity but also to reuse waste heat to warm up some key buildings. A similar situation is found in Canada, where about 300 isolated villages rely on diesel and natural gas engines (each village with a generation capacity ranging from approximately 500 kW to about 10 MW) to power their electrical loads. Projects intended for increased use of renewable sources in order to reduce diesel consumption include the one in Hartley Bay, where 1MW of generated electricity from diesel is combined with 0.9MW of electric power generated from a small hydroelectric power plant.

A large number of Companies in India will be ready.

I also should mention that if your transformer is connected to some sort of circuit protection device like a contactor, which trips at some unbalance current Iu, make very sure that your test current plus any residual genuine unbalance current in your circuit is < Iu else you might find that when you switch on your test current the whole thing just trips and switches off.

HI Rute, if you are interested you might appreciate checking out Libby Larsen's work, written for Liam Teague: "CONCERTINO FOR TENOR STEEL DRUM AND CHAMBER ENSEMBLE".

Reducing regional disparities is one goal of the EU as some kind of "organisation".

But when it comes to economics, you're entering the wide field of "supply and demand":

BTW: I've observed some effects of the EU supporting underdeveloped regions (mainly in South Tyrol): while I somewhat doubt a big effect on salaries (might take even more time), at least the infrastructure has improved significantly.

thank you very much Kamal Hattab

In my country (Serbia) it is required to have a PhD degree along with certain number of SCI papers to become Assistant Professor at University.

Compared with CIE LAB (ΔEab*) formula which lack of visual uniformity (CIE Technical Report: Colorimetry, 2004), ΔE00 calculates color difference more precisely in green area, it’s an improved version of ΔEab*.

ΔL’, ΔC’ and ΔH’ are lightness difference, chroma difference and hue angle difference of a pair of color data, respectively. RT is a function to reduce the interaction between chroma and hue in blue area. SL, SC and SH are functions to calibrate the absence of visual uniformity of CIE LAB formula. KL, KC and KH are correction parameters of environment. There are two widely use combinations of (KL, KC, KH): CIE DE2000 (1:1:1) (CIE technical report: improvement to industrial colour-difference evaluation, 2001; Luo et al, 2001; Ghinea et al, 2010) and CIE DE2000 (2:1:1)

The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is non-profit research organization. You can find more information here http://www.cie.co.at/about-cie

As David already mentioned, correlated color temperature (CCT) is used to define the color appearance of light sources. It is an imperfect, but widely used, quantity to describe and communicate color information for light sources.

If you are interested in lighting, it is good to be familiar with these terms, regardless of what you want to do (e.g. design, research).

This webpage is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 761145.

The herewith information reflects only the authors' view.

The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information herewith included.

You might be able to tackle the issue by using HPLC with carbohydrate column and RI detector. You may also need the authentic samples of the expected sugars.

Thank you dear Peter for sharing your country practice.

The difficulty is the perception that healthcare is simply another discretionary purchase, like a pair of shoes. The market mentality really has no place in the provision of good healthcare services. It is a service, not a commodity that can simply serve to make profits for people uninvolved in any part of it.

I will answer from the perspective of the "End-to-end Project Manager". Projects phases can be considered for most projects to consist of functions such as: Requirements, Design, Acquisition, Installation, Commission, Handover plus umbrella functions such as Logistics and Maintainence etc. The art of the "End-to-end Project Manager" is to judge to what extent the various functional Managers need to be exposed to the other functions, to optimise the cost-effective and timely implemenatation of the Project.

Complex Novel Projects such as for example "Mining Precious Metals in Outer Space" would require most Functional Managers to be involved in all phases (from a review perspective, at least).

Engineering Procurement & Construction, and Design & Build Projects are less complex novel projects, but have increased in complexity in recent years, so all functional managers (including Commissioning Managers) should be invited to participate in the Project Implemenation Process as early as possible. A good Commissioning Manager will then be able to define and establish the extent of their role in each specific Project.

If you use your colleagues as your sample, then it sounds like you will be collecting data from one specific site, so that might indeed be considered a case study.

As for comparing case study research and mixed methods, I have to say that this does not make a lot of sense to me. Mixed methods is usually contrasted with the exclusive use of either qualitative or quantitative methods alone, but a case study could be based on qualitative or quantitative or mixed methods.

Yes, it can

You did not state a direct question, but selecting a proper multivariate method depends on variable scale (continuous, ordinal, nominal) and purpose (prediction, association, data reduction, etc). For instance, if one have a set of data measured in different scales (dependent variable) and wants to predict an independent variable (score?) measured in a rank scale, multivariate ordinal regression would apply.

More on this example: http://epub.wu.ac.at/5389/1/Report132_lvana.pdf

Most organs have almost the same relative permeability value as that of the free space (Ping-Ping Ding et al, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2014; J. Malmivuo and R. Plonsey, Bioelectromagnetism, 1995). One factor influence the magnetic filed is the magnetic volume susceptibility of the tissue, but it is often very small although non-zero (Schenck JF, Progress in biophysics and molecular biology, 2005). Some non-zero susceptibility tissues have the thermal effect in alternative field. It also depends on the frequency of the field.

Thank you very much I appreciate your helps

Immediate: Reduction in road traffic (not only tailpipe emissions, but also real traffic work).

Long term: Reverse population growth.

Maybe a harsh recommendation, but never the less true.

Jeremy, If I remember right the late Poul Harremoes was consultant on this and he actually consulted the industry to ask what would be realistic values that can be achieved. This value has to be seen in relation with the other to values:

TSS < 35 mg/l

BOD < 25 mg/l

Here the 35 mg TSS if we assume 80% VSS will represent approx 40 mg COD/l as particular COD this means that we allow approx 85 mg /l of Soluble COD. The BOD:TSS ratio can be assumed to be approx 2 giving  8 mg Soluble degradeable COD. Assuming approx 5% of COD in the in-fluent to a plant to be COD Soluble non  biological degradable the max COD inlet concentration that can be accepted  if the effluent criteria shall be fulfilled is approx. 1500 mg/l.

This is about the maximum value of  COD that can found for Municipal Waste water treatment plant with Separate sewers systems, hence the value made good sense since it would allow most Municipal plants to avoid additional treatment stages after the biology like Ozonation or Carbon adsorption.

Most US facilities use the standards established by the Joint Commission,

Also UK standards

Mr Valenzuela thank you for this information.

Can you recommend any books that will be useful for these kind of applications? Or any kind of guides for good practices regarding energy storage systems.

Dear Carrera,

Yes, my point is that  there is an enormous increase of duplicate paper work ,which puts abundance work pressure for the healthcare team, which should not be the case.At times some pay more attention to the paper than patient, this is irrespective  of doctors ,pharmacists,nurses etc.,

The patient safety is the foremost important factor in any treatment plan.

I support Mr. Bacetti Abdelmoumen. Being a research engineer involved in turbine design, manufacturing and laboratory testing. I would suggest you to check the used equipments there arrangements and callibration and cross measurement readings to ensure rhe reliability of test result. Also, in my view you should check laboratory test result than field test since it justifies almost all the operating conditions.

I am not sure what you mean by "commissioning TBI". As far as I know the commissioning refers to the characteristics of the LINAC you will be using and not to the TBI method in itself

If you are thinking about in vivo dosimetry, you can find several papers on the use of EBT Gafchromic films Look for instance at the following:

or at

Thank you Shanjin,

We commissioned our ArcCHECK device against Eclipse TPS and performed many evaluation tests to ensure its compliance with the TPS within 2%/2mm accuracy. This was done using combined gamma indices as well as direct diode-by-diode comparisons between measured and reference dose.

Since, we do not have the pin-point IC insert in ours so we followed this comprehensive testing against TPS before performing VMAT plan dosimetry that was checked for 3%/3mm and well as 2%/2mm agreement with the TPS. We haven’t seen issues with the large field highly modulated VMAT arcs, though the highly modulated narrow arcs (<5cm in one dimension) did show a little lower 2%/2mm gamma passing rate but the 3%/3mm is a clear pass. MLC transmission has not been an issue with our IMRT plans checked on MapCheck. But indeed, we will keep your comments in view for our VMAT QAs and see what our experience with more patients QA in the future will indicate.

Thanks again for sharing your valuable experience,

Vibha.