Combustion - Science topic

Modern solid waste management including the use of advanced waste-to-energy (WTE) technology provides a comprehensive basis to maximize the recovery and use of resources while minimizing the emissions of greenhouse gases. This paper provides an overview of current municipal solid waste (MSW) streams and their strategic management practices followed...

The nearing depletion of fossil fuels and the possible consequences of its emissions on the global climate has prompted a worldwide probe for their alternatives. 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran are considered promising alternative fuels for spark ignition engines. In this study, the combustion and emission characteristics of low blending...

This paper presents computational studies aimed at quantifying 2D effects in opposed jet counterflow non-premixed flames. The principal aim is to explain the variation of global extinction strain rate (a_g) with the ratio of nozzle separation distance to its diameter (L/D). The limited experiments available in literature show that decreases with an...

Testing detailed combustion mechanisms typically concludes that some mechanisms reproduce the experimental data well at most conditions but are inaccurate at other conditions. However, other mechanisms may perform well under these conditions. A better mechanism ("mosaic mechanism") may be obtained by identifying the overall best-performing mechanis...

The pursuit of sustainable energy sources on a worldwide scale is a crucial and pressing matter, with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) offering a comprehensive framework for properly addressing this challenge. This two-part paper provides an overview of the various technologies now available for the process of biomass gasif...

Aviation's emissions are among the hardest to eliminate. There are a handful of solutions: battery-electric propulsion, hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen combustion, and synthetic hydrocarbon fuel produced with carbon from the air. All of these solutions rely on renewable electricity, a resource that will be in short supply as other industries use it t...

Nanosecond pulsed plasmas have been demonstrated, both experimentally and numerically, to be beneficial for ignition, mainly through gas heating (at different timescales) and radical seeding. However, most studies focus on specific gas conditions, and little work has been done to understand how plasma performance is affected by fuel and oxygen cont...

Biomass combustion produces air pollutants, causing high mortality rates, while electric cooking, which is efficient and eco-friendly, reduces mortality and maximizes socioeconomic and ecological benefits. Thus, the primary purpose of this study is to compare the performance of domestic and imported household electric hotplate stoves via experiment...

Pre-combustion carbon capture, also known as pre-combustion CO 2 capture or gasification, is an emerging technology for CO 2 emission reduction. The core of this method lies in separating the carbon-containing part from the fuel before combustion through gasification, thereby reducing or avoiding carbon emissions.

To date, the chemical looping combustion (CLC) technology has been recognized as a highly promising CO 2 capture strategy for the combustion of fossil fuel attributed to its inherent ability of CO 2 separation.

Oxy-fuel combustion, also known as O 2 /CO 2 combustion or oxy-fuel, is one of the most promising CO 2 capture technologies for coal-fired power plants, technically or economically. Oxy-fuel combustion represents a pivotal advancement in carbon capture technologies, characterized by fuel burning in an oxygen-rich environment rather than in the air.

A gradual depletion of fossil fuels and stringent norms to reduce CO2 and NOx emissions necessitate research on alternative fuels. Among such alternative fuels, iron powder is promising due to its high energy intensity and carbon-free nature. Therefore, a cyclical conversion of iron powder to iron oxides combined with an efficient reduction of iron...

Aluminum (Al) powder is commonly used in solid propellants because of its high energy density. However, Al powder is prone to agglomeration during combustion, resulting in lower combustion efficiency. The energy-containing composites of micro/nano-sized Al powder modified by the hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride dipolymers (VitonA) were f...

This study identified plant-based materials for use as flame retardants in combination with bacterial cellulose (BC) and enhanced the flame retardancy of BC fabrics. Eight plant-based materials were screened via thermogravimetric analysis, and banana peel, beet, and spinach were selected as plant-based flame retardants. The chemical and physical st...

This paper presents the development of an algorithm for identifying shock waves formed during the supersonic combustion process, detonation, in a pulsed detonation chamber. The algorithm is based on image binarization techniques, followed by the identification of regions of interest in the images, the detection and isolation of the edges of these r...

In this article, to address the issues of slower droplet evaporation and fuel mixing inhomogeneity caused by the high latent heat of vaporization of methanol, the effects of the number of nozzle holes and spray cone angle (θsca) on the combustion characteristics of a direct‐injection spark‐ignition methanol engine are numerically investigated at di...

Despite the newly acquired information with increasing studies in Türkiye, archaeological evidence regarding ceramic production in some regions and periods is still not sufficient. Although our knowledge about prehistoric and protohistoric pyrotechnology increases, we can currently say little about the size of ceramic production, the settlement and...

This work presents experimental and numerical research on the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of flame-retardant polycarbonate under low ambient pressure. A novel experimental low-pressure combustion platform was constructed to determine the heat release rate, a key combustion parameter of polycarbonate. The ignition process of polycarbona...

La inteligencia artificial está transformando diferentes aspectos de la realidad actual, desde el impulso a nuevas líneas de investigación científica y la optimización de sistemas energéticos, hasta avances significativos en salud pública, agricultura, es por ello que el presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las limitaciones y oportunidades...

This article provides a detailed analysis of non-invasive techniques for the prediction and diagnosis of faults in internal combustion engines, focusing on the application of the Proknow-C and Methodi Ordinatio systematic review methods. Initially, the relevance of these techniques in promoting energy sustainability and mitigating greenhouse gas em...

In this paper, three-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted for rotating detonation combustion fueled by two-phase n-decane/air mixtures. The converging–diverging inlet configuration with various slot throat widths (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm) is considered. The influence of slot throat width on the flow field structures, pressure feedback,...

s-Carbon dioxide, the most important greenhouse gas produced by combustion of fuels, has become a cause of global panic as its concentration in the Earth's atmosphere has been rising alarmingly. This devil, however, is now turning into a product that helps people, countries, consultants, traders, corporations and even farmers earn billions of rupee...

This study utilizes the orthogonal matrix analysis method to identify the lower levels of both conventional and unconventional emissions in engines powered by methanol gasoline, with the aim of optimizing gas emissions. Through the utilization of ANOVA, we were able to determine the key elements that impact the emissions of methanol gasoline from e...

This chapter explores the critical role of catalytic materials in advancing the utilization of environmentally friendly propellants for space propulsion applications. Specifically, it focuses on the thermal decomposition and compositions of hydrox-ylammonium nitrate (HAN) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as green propellants, highlighting their potenti...

Background: Comparisons of nicotine and toxicant exposure between people who use different alternative tobacco products remains underexplored. Methods: This cross-sectional, multi-country study analyzed urinary metabolites of nicotine, NNK, and volatile organic compounds (acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile) among established users (n=550) in Japan...

Innovative and sustainable solutions are increasingly necessary as concerns about fossil fuels’ environmental and economic impacts grow. Accordingly, this study aims to enhance vehicle internal combustion engine efficiency by producing oxy-hydrogen (HHO) from drain water from the vehicle air conditioning system and utilizing it as a secondary fuel....

Hydrogen energy has attracted attention as a new energy carrier because it does not generate CO2 emissions during combustion. However, numerous problems face the establishment of a hydrogen infrastructure society. One problem is safety when using hydrogen. A fast sensing system for hydrogen at low concentrations will be needed for hydrogen to be us...

Particle velocimetry is essential in solid fuel combustion studies, however, the accurate detection and tracking of particles in high Particle Number Density (PND) combustion scenario remain challenging. The current study advances the machine-learning approaches for precise velocity measurements of solid particles. For this, laser imaging experimen...

En México microempresas como asadoras, panaderías y tortillerías no regulan su descarga de gases de combustión. En Tenosique, Tabasco, las fuentes de emisión estudiadas fueron 16 asadoras, 33 tortillerías y 11 panaderías. En estas fuentes se midieron los gases de combustión (equipo Testo 350 MI) y se estimaron las grasas y PM10 emitidas. Las emisio...

The combustion efficiency of wood pellets is partly affected by their average length. The ISO 17829 standard defines the methodology for assessing the average length of sample pellets, but the method does not always lead to representative data. Furthermore, a standard analysis is time-consuming as it requires manual measurement of the pellets using...

The global shift toward renewable fuels and the reduction in anthropogenic environmental impact have become increasingly critical. However, the current challenges in fully transitioning to environmentally friendly fuels necessitate the use of transitional fuel mixtures. While many alternatives have been explored, the combination of hydrogen and LPG...

In real road traffic, combustion engines of motor vehicles operate in dynamic conditions. Under such conditions, significant time variability in the values describing engine operations is observed, especially in terms of rotational speed and torque. Therefore, it is possible to model such conditions as probabilistic and to treat the properties of c...

(1) Use the GEKO model with RANS to simulate turbulence in swirling flows. (2) Leverage high-fidelity Scale Resolved Simulation (SRS) as target data to optimize GEKO parameters via the gradient-based Adjoint solver in Ansys Fluent®. (3) Train a Neural Network (NN) to correlate turbulent flow features with optimized GEKO parameters for model gener...

The effect of firing temperatures on the phase structure, microstructure, and electrical properties of 0.99Bi0.47Na0.47Ba0.06TiO3-0.01BaSn0.70Nb0.24O3 (abbreviated as BNBT-BSN) lead-free ceramics fabricated by the solid-state combustion technique, with glycine used as the fuel, were investigated. All BNBT-BSN samples were calcined at temperatures r...

Due to constant loads, gear wear, and harsh working conditions, gearboxes are subject to fault occurrences. Faults in the gearbox can cause damage to the engine components, create unnecessary noise, degrade efficiency, and impact power transfer. Hence, the detection of faults at an early stage is highly necessary. In this work, an effort was made t...

This research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of thermal conductivity prediction for CuO and Al2O3 nanoparticles synthesized using the chemical combustion technique. This method reduces nanoparticle surface area, enhancing heat transfer with minimal heat loss and improved dispersion in liquid media. Nanofluids, consisting of nanoparticles...

Use of wood pellets is continuously increasing in Europe, and most of them carry the ENplus A1 label. In this research, 28 assortments of such A1-labeled wood pellets were collected from the fuel market and were comprehensively analyzed and combusted in two residential pellet stoves; up to 8 pellet assortments were also combusted in two residential...

In order to achieve the objective of the work—an experimental study of the capabilities of the acoustic method for extinguishing organic compounds and for ensuring environmental monitoring—the effect of the combustion of various polymers on the acoustic parameters of the medium is considered. The negative effect of the combustion of organic substan...

El uso de tecnologías Waste-to-Energy (WtE) para transformar Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) en energía eléctrica es una solución sostenible en Panamá. Este enfoque reduce el volumen de desechos, disminuye emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y sustituye combustibles fósiles, cubriendo las necesidades energéticas de más de 150,000 familias y pro...

Noise pollution in modern society is largely attributed to internal combustion engines. To mitigate this issue, mufflers are typically integrated at the end of exhaust systems. The effectiveness of noise reduction depends significantly on the design and application of the muffler's components. Consequently, designing mufflers capable of achieving m...

The current study looked at hydrogen as a fuel for diesel engines running at low load. Because hydrogen has a greater auto ignition temperature than diesel fuel, it cannot be utilized directly in a diesel engine. An alternative method for enrichment or induction is hydrogen. To investigate the combustion characteristics of this dual fuel engine, di...

Direct-injection technology applied in hydrogen internal combustion engines can effectively prevent backfire, thereby improving the engine performance. Nonetheless, optimizing the injection strategy is highly intricate, requiring a comprehensive understanding of the hydrogen–air mixture formation process inside the cylinder. In this study, a simula...

As one of the most promising zero-carbon fuels, ammonia has attracted widespread attention. However, ammonia combustion faces problems such as high nitrogen oxide emissions. This work aims to investigate the combustion characteristics of fuel gas mixture of 60% NH3 and 40% CH4 by volume, under five different equivalence ratios, i.e., 0.7, 0.85, 1.0...

This study provides a cost-effective method for using bottom ash from biomass combustion, which would otherwise constitute waste, to remove cadmium from acidic industrial wastewater. The X-ray powder diffraction method was used to identify the crystal forms, i.e., the arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice, and to determine the composition of...

La búsqueda de combustibles que no emitan gases de efecto invernadero, hace que el uso de hidrógeno en la industria siderúrgica sea cada vez más necesario, por lo que, esta investigación representa un compromiso ecológico, donde, tanto investigadores como la empresa buscan la generación de hidrógeno para su utilización en el proceso productivo del...

This study is on the thermogravimetric and the derivative weight loss of the Pi and Pi + Fe composite films. The weight loss resulted from the decomposition and burning. The peaks were observed and indicated the complete combustion of the Pi and Pi + Fe composite films. The prominent exothermic peak was observed at the Pi polyimide film at 550°C an...

For combustion flame with significant variations in radiation intensity, traditional radiation thermometers often have a limited dynamic range due to the response characteristic of photoelectric sensitive sensor. This limitation can lead to extreme exposure including overexposure and underexposure, and make it difficult to conduct effective tempera...

The trends and future directions of hydrogen safety research cannot be separated from the thermodynamic behavior of combustion and explosion, hydrogen spontaneous combustion, flame propagation behavior, thermodynamic mechanisms, and other related topics. In this paper, through the method of numerical simulation, considering the hydrogen flame propa...

Historically, practitioners and researchers have used selected count station data and survey-based methods along with demand modeling to forecast vehicle miles traveled (VMT). While these methods may suffer from self-reporting bias or spatial and temporal constraints, the widely available connected vehicle (CV) data at 3 s fidelity, independent of...

The rocket-based combined-cycle (RBCC) engine is regarded as one of the most viable propulsion systems for single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicles. Because of the relatively low total temperature of the incoming flow, it is difficult to maintain sustained and efficient subsonic combustion when the rocket engine is turned off. Mode transition and its...

Lanthanide ions possess unique optical characteristics and can be used as luminescent probes; however, the characteristics and effect of lanthanide ion incorporation into metal-oxide host matrices have not been thoroughly researched up until now. In this study, we investigate the incorporation characteristics of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepa...

A series of Co-Ce clay-based catalysts were prepared via the wet impregnation method and tested for the catalytic combustion of diesel soot and carbon monoxide. The objective of this work was to find a suitable catalyst with an optimized active phase composition in order to structure this system using a 3D-printing technique. The physicochemical ch...

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals in the United States are at greater risk for combustible tobacco use and mental health problems compared to heterosexual and cisgender individuals. National data comparing associations of menthol cigarette use and mental health among transgender and cisgender individuals in the United States are lacking....

This study investigates the effects of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on combustion performance and emissions in diesel engines. MgO's well‐ordered crystal structure, high thermal stability, and oxygen‐carrying capacity positively influence engine performance. The effects of 50 and 100 mg/L MgO concentrations were compared, showing up to a 5%...

Ammonia is one of the most promising alternative fuels owing to its nature of zero-carbon emission. However, the weak ignition characteristic of ammonia imposes a great hindrance on its application on engines. In the present work, a novel concept of pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition (TJI) induced liquid ammonia spray flame based on a high-pressure...

Volatile organic compounds, colloquially referred to as “terpenes”, have been proposed to impact the therapeutic qualities that are traditionally ascribed to cannabis. However, the contribution of these terpenes in anxiety, at relevant levels and exposure methods common with cannabis use, is lacking empirical assessment. We tested the anxiolytic pr...

Recent advancements in quantum computing provide opportunities to address the challenges of computational resource limitations in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This work presents a hybrid quantum-classical CFD framework that leverages quantum linear algorithms to practical flow simulations. By transforming nonlinear fluid dynamics problems in...

Ammonia stands out as a promising zero-carbon fuel and an efficient hydrogen carrier, offering great promise for industrial applications in gas turbines and boilers. However, different combustion modes significantly influence the flame structure and combustion characteristics of ammonia. In this study, two distinct fuel injection strategies were em...

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have been the subject of many debates regarding their role in the electrification of the transport sector for the duality that they can be subsidized due to electric driving, but they can also be driven on fossil fuels. Previous studies focused on the charging and driving behavior of PHEVs to assess their sh...

This study focuses on the design and analysis of a cooling system for a combustion chamber in a turbine engine. The objective is to compare the cooling performance of oil and gas as cooling fluids using CAD modeling in CATIA and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in ANSYS Fluent. The design requirements, including cooling rate, pressure...

Gliding arc plasma-enhanced combustion is a relatively new combustion technology. This paper describes a gliding arc plasma combustion dome that improves the ignition characteristics of aeroengines. The ignition characteristics are studied using an experimental platform consisting of a single-combustion-dome swirl combustion chamber. A flame sponta...

Machine-learning-based predictive maintenance models, i.e. models that predict breakdowns of machines based on condition information, have a high potential to minimize maintenance costs in industrial applications by determining the best possible time to perform maintenance. Modern machines have sensors that can collect all relevant data of the oper...

Citation: Dorofeenko, S.; Podlesniy, D.; Polianczyk, E.; Salganskaya, M.; Tsvetkov, M.; Yanovsky, L.; Zaichenko, A. The Conversion of Ethanol to Syngas by Partial Oxidation in a Non-Premixed Moving Bed Reactor. Energies 2024, 17, 6093. https:// Abstract: An experimental investigation into the conversion of ethanol to syngas by partial oxidation in...

Three-dimensional (3D) density-varying turbulent flows are widely encountered in high-speed aerodynamics, combustion, and heterogeneous mixing processes. Multicamera-based tomographic background-oriented Schlieren (TBOS) has emerged as a powerful technique for revealing 3D flow density structures. However, dozens of cameras are typically required t...