Science method

Collecting Data - Science method

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I'm a new student and I need ideas that help me in the future in Hematology or Blood Transfusion but I need it in a lab filed so I can collect data easily.
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Hi Tariq As a retired MD with a rare leukemia I found vitamin D boosted my neutrophils. The doctor who runs our registry & researches this area proved the mechanism & believes vitamin D should be part of treatment in hematologic malignancies. This important cost effective measure seems to have slipped through the cracks. Maybe proof it helps a more common cancer would offer more acceptance ( like CLL). Thanks c Weart
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Can artificial intelligence help optimize remote communication and information flow in a corporation, in a large company characterized by a multi-level, complex organizational structure?
Are there any examples of artificial intelligence applications in this area of large company operations?
In large corporations characterized by a complex, multi-level organizational structure, the flow of information can be difficult. New ICT and Industry 4.0 information technologies are proving to be helpful in this regard, improving the efficiency of the flow of information flowing between departments and divisions in the corporation. One of the Industry 4.0 technologies that has recently found various new applications is artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence technology is finding many new applications in recent years. The implementation of artificial intelligence, machine learning and other Industry 4.0 technologies into various business fields of companies, enterprises and financial institutions is associated with the increase in digitization and automation of processes carried out in business entities. For several decades, in order to refine and improve the flow of information in a corporation characterized by a complex organizational structure, integrated information systems are being implemented that informationally connect applications and programs operating within specific departments, divisions, plants, etc. in a large enterprise, company, corporation. Nowadays, a technology that can help optimize remote communication and information flow in a corporation is artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence can help optimize information flow and data transfer within a corporation's intranet.
Besides, the technologies of Industry 4.0, including artificial intelligence, can help improve the cyber security techniques of data transfer, including that carried out in email communications.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:
Can artificial intelligence help optimize remote communication and information flow in a corporation, in a large company characterized by a multi-level, complex organizational structure?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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AI can greatly improve distant communication and information flow in huge organisations with complicated, multi-level organisational systems. AI's ability to process massive amounts of data, recognise patterns, and automate repetitive operations makes it perfect for improving communication in such contexts. Here are several ways AI can help, along with my opinion:
AI for Corporate Communication Optimisation:
AI can analyse large amounts of data from numerous sources within a firm, synthesising and summarising critical information to improve decision-making processes.
2. Improved Email Filtering and Prioritization: - AI algorithms sort and prioritise emails, assuring timely delivery of vital information.
3. Chatbots and Virtual Assistants: - AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants answer routine inquiries, freeing up human resources for complicated work and enhancing communication efficiency.
4. Predictive Analytics for Decision Making: - AI can analyse corporate data patterns to enhance proactive decision-making and strategic planning.
5. NLP for Content Analysis: - NLP may analyse internal communication, extract sentiments, find trends, and identify possible issues or disputes.
6. Customised Information Feeds: - AI may customise information feeds for employees depending on their positions, interests, and projects, ensuring relevant information dissemination.
7. Enhancing Remote Meetings: - AI tools provide real-time transcription, translation, summarization, and action item tracking, improving meeting quality.
AI Examples in Large Corporations:
IBM Watson helps organisations optimise communication and operational efficiency with data analysis and decision support.
Microsoft AI provides predictive analytics and automated job management for complicated organisations.
Personal Opinion:
AI should empower people by automating routine jobs and offering insightful data, not replacing human judgement and decision-making.
To Address Challenges: Integrating AI into complicated organisational hierarchies requires data privacy, system integration, and employee digital literacy.
Ethics: As AI becomes more incorporated into corporate systems, data use and employee surveillance must be carefully managed.
Constant Change: AI is quickly evolving, and its applications in business communication will expand, giving new optimisation and efficiency opportunities.
In conclusion:
AI has huge potential to transform corporate communication and information flow. AI can streamline complicated organisational operations by automating regular tasks, delivering actionable insights, and improving communication channels. It must be implemented carefully, taking into account integration issues, personnel training, and ethical issues.
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What are the best steps to conduct a cross-sectional study? I'm planning to collect data using an electronic questionnaire.
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The steps are as follows:
1. Read the existing literature on the topic that you might be interested in.
2. From the existing literature, identify the research gap.
3. Using the research gap, lay down the objectives of the study.
4. Identify important variables associated with the dependent variable in your study.
5. Create a google form with three parts. Part 1 could include questions on the socio-demographic and economic variables. Part 2 could include questions related to the important variables that have been shown to affect the dependent variable in previous studies. Part 3 of the questionnaire could include a standardized scale to measure the dependent variable.
6. Do a pre test 4-5 respondents and correct the errors in the questionnaire.
7. Determine your sampling technique and collect the data.
8. Analyse the data using a software. Determine the tests to be carried out based on your hypothesis and normality of data.
9. Report the results and formulate suggestions and conclusion based on them.
You can refer to two of my quantitative studies published by SAGE and Taylor and Francis:
All the best.
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I collected data using a constant sum scale (forced choice scale) and I need guidance on how to analyse the data.
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Thank you so much sir. I appreciate this truly
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Good afternoon,
I am thinking about how I can present the data cleaning stage of my research project. I am hesitating between generating a summary table (could be complex because it includes 16 different datasets) with a paragraph presenting the overall steps, for example, n rows were removed due to missing values, duplicated data, spelling was modified for n rows, etc. or generating a list of items (could appear redundant for the reader) for each encountered issues or checking, for example, days of the week were investigated to check that all collected data were recorded during a school day. In the article format, this stage was usually not really developed except in the data supplementary appendix due to the size of the format. I wanted to develop this section in my thesis report but I am not sure about the most appropriate format to make it clear, concise, simple to understand, and interesting for the readers. Please, could you tell me if as a reader you prefer to have a table or descriptive paragraphs or more visual elements like charts to understand how the research team cleaned the data?
Thanks in advance for all your feedback on the data cleaning oresentation
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  • Greetings, in my recent publication I also had a search strategy and a filtration process to check studies out based on inclusion criteria. for this purpose, I created a somewhat chart that was comprised of elements in Microsoft Word and I typed different stages of my search filtration process on each shape and connected them with flashes, it was accepted and looks good to me. for a better illustration, you can see Fig.1 in the figures section on this page which shows exactly how I generated it. Hope this helps! https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01518-z
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I am completing an evaluation using pre collected data from a training group which has been around for a few years. The way the data was collected was by using a questionnaire which allows for short/ medium answers.
I am unsure if a thematic analysis is the best way forward and if so I am unsure if there is a certain way that I should do it.
Thank you in advance
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Braun and Clarke have always maintained that there are several ways to do Thematic Analysis, including options that develop content analytic codebooks inductively during the analysis process. That said, their versions of thematic analysis would all aim at the goal of producing themes rather than counting codes. So, if you were thinking of doing counting, then TA is not appropriate.
Moving in the other direction, Braun and Clarke's own preferred version of TA is what they call Reflexive Thematic Analysis which uses coding as a means to producing themes without generating systematic codebooks. By far the most useful introduction to their recommended approach is their 2022 textbook, Thematic Analysis, a Practical Guide.
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I have collected data through survey from in 5 point likert scale where 1 as Strongly Disagree to 5 as Strongly Agree. I have total 20 questions in 4 constructs: economy, psychology, political and social. Among 20 questions, around 8 questions are in negative statements. So, after entering all data into SPSS file; I did reverse coding for those 8 statements of negative meaning. Here, I am in confusion for the next step; that should I change these 8 negative meaning statements into positive meaning statements? If I have to change, what should be the format of sentence?
For example,
negative statement: I am a bad student.
positive statement : I am not a bad student. (option-1)
or, I am a good student. (option-2)
If I have to change the sentence, which option will be appropriate?
Thanks and regards.
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No – leave the questions and answers alone. Just map the answers to numeric values in the reverse order, so strongly agree is mapped to 1 rather than 5.
You should note that negatively worded questions do not behave like positively worded questions in reverse. The first problem is that a negative question can produce double-negative answers.
Q: I am not worried about climate change
– the answer " somewhat disagree" means "I am somewhat not not worried about climate change".
The second thing is that even if the question is not a negative statement like the example above, the question itself produces a cognitive set – an interpretation framework – that is different for positive and negative thoughts, experiences, attitudes etc. One famous study asked participants to pay attention to their breathing. Every half hour they rated their breathing. Half were asked to estimate how much time they had been able to breathe freely while the other half were asked how much of the time their nose felt stuffed or blocked. Those who were cued to attend to breathing freely reported more time breathing freely than those who were cued to attend to the opposite.
There are some scales with negative items in which the negative and positive items actually form separate factors!
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Assume I collected data few at ordinal, few at interval and few at ratio scale. Now i want to consider all this in an analysis. Is it possible to do it? If possible, what kind of studies is it calls? What software facilitates this analysis? thank you for your time.
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I see no problem at all, many studies involved this kind of survey. Regards.
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Hi all,
I'm currently trying to have an overview of existing sequences on NCBI, and I would like to look at their collection dates and locations. But I currently am only able to manually click into their BioSample page to look for this information, and it would take ages to collect this data for 4000 sequences. Is there anyway I could download this in a batch for all sequences at once?
Thanks
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Hello Dawn,
Did you find a solution since 2019 ? I don't have so many sequences to curate but it would be nice if there were a strategy to perform a batch database extraction.
Best regards.
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Dear Academics/expertise I am writing to seek your guidance and validation for the questionnaire that I have developed as a crucial component of my PhD thesis research in management. I kindly request your expertise in assessing and validating the questionnaire I have designed, intended to collect data for my research study, and I am committed to ensuring its validity and reliability. Your valuable insights and feedback will significantly contribute to the robustness of the data collected and enhance the overall quality of my research. Thank you for your support and guidance. Sincerely, Taher Ali Othman Contact Information: 0060146731995
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Best wishes to you
You can contact me via email: imad_almasri27@yahoo.com
for any scientific support with your questionnaire
Regards
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Hi All,
I'm an Assistant Professor from HKBU (Zhuhai campus) who is looking for one or two collaborators to work on a piece related to environmental risks (e.g., the release of radioactive water). My research mainly focuses on consumer information behavior.
Since the study is intended to be cross-cultural, I'd like to invite a scholar fluent in Korean with the resources to gather data from Korea. Ideally, I'd also like to ask another scholar who is currently or has the resources to collect data from the States. Of course, you can be both.
Also, it'd be fantastic if you are familiar with SEM.
I plan to finish the project by the end of this year, so I hope we can work efficiently. If you are interested in this opportunity, please don't hesitate to message me via ResearchGate or xiaoshanli@uic.edu.hk.
Thank you, and I look forward to hearing from you!
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Hatem Ksibi Dr. Ksibi, thank you for your interest in the project. However, I am not doing things related to particle size and morphology. My project is in the realm of social science so it's relatively distant from your specialties. Thank you very much!
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X -> Y: X negatively affecting Y.
Y -> Z: Y negatively affecting Z.
X-> Z: X positively effecting Z
Y as a mediator.
I have completed collecting data and upload to PLS-SEM. During analysis all the value of path coefficients became positive. Do I continue to the step or not?
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X may effect Z in a positive or negative way as it appears to be the direct effect in your mediating model. The more relevant question is whether the effect of X on Z is significant with the mediator present. If it is insignificant then the sign is irrelevant as it overlaps with zero. This is the case of complete or full mediation as opposed to partial mediation, the latter occuring when the direct effect remains significant (and assuming your indirect is significant in both cases). Hope that helps provide some assistance.
You may also consider relabeling your terms by using M for your mediator instead of Y and instead use the label Y for your DV instead of Z. Further, in some disciplines Z is reserved for moderating variables such as covariates, control variables such as demographics like age. Obviously every discipline has different conventions for such labels so do check what the usual X, Y,Z,M may be reserved for in your own area perhaps by looking over some published works where mediation has been considered.
Regards Paul
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I got a question when estimating sample size. After getting the theoretical sample size, it needs to consider the response rate and invalid response rate when collecting data in the study based on an online survey. So, how to determine the invalid response rate before collecting data?
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Hello Qichu,
Here are some options:
1. Run a modest-sized pilot study, using participants from your target population.
2. Examine extant studies using similar measures and methods, and determine what sort of non-completion rates were noted therein. In some cases, you might have to contact author/s directly, if such information were absent from the study report.
3. Look for meta-analytic studies of response legitimacy rates for on-line surveys.
In most instances, you're safer off to over-sample rather than under-sample.
Good luck with your work.
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Qualitative research involves non-random sampling techniques and qualitative data-collecting methods such as in-depth interviews. Can I use a mixed form here when collecting data? For example, demographic data of the sample? Are demographic data not crucial in qualitative research?
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What we do with the demographic data will determine whether you have a qualitative approach towards it or a quantitative one. Of course, your research question will also determine the direction of your research and what you would like to do with the data. For instance, If you are searching for a cause and effect/ impact from the demographics, it is a quantitative approach you are bent towards.
Moreover, mixed methods recommend various designs, including a sequential path you may want to refer to. Several research papers in this domain may help you decide how to take this further.
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Hi,
My supervisor has suggested me to collect some extra data (around 50) to see if my previously collected data on December 2021. I have done my data analysis and the results came out fine. Should I do the extra data collection? if i do that do i need to add an extra section comparing those two datasets? Is it feasible to compare a dataset of 390 participants and 50 participants?
Please guide me.
Regards.
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Hello Aliza,
Yes, the world may well have changed since 2021 (in the midst of COVID).
Yes, your advisor may hold approval power to declare whether you have successfully completed your work.
However, here's a couple of questions to consider:
1. Were the original data collected sufficient to answer the specific research question/s you originally were trying to address? If so, then what is the reason given for the suggestion of collecting additional data? If not, then does the suggested additional data correct any deficiency?
2. Would the additional data suggested address the same or an altogether different research question (e.g., are results stable over time, or were the results anomalous due to the peculiar nature of the time frame in which data were collected)? If it's an altogether different question (such as stability), then is this suggestion being offered to help make your work more attractive for publication, or for some other reason?
Good luck with your work.
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For example, I want to capture on Facebook all pages or accounts three months ago communicated a particular event, say an Earthquake.
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Thanks a lot. Your response provides useful insights into where I can start.
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Where can we collect data on swarm intelligence algorithms and optimisation work, and what software is used to mimic it?
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Before to choose an algorithm I suggest to read papers like
Camacho-Villalón, Christian L., Marco Dorigo, and Thomas Stützle. ‘Exposing the Grey Wolf, Moth-Flame, Whale, Firefly, Bat, and Antlion Algorithms: Six Misleading Optimization Techniques Inspired by Bestial Metaphors’. International Transactions in Operational Research
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In the case of standing in public and attempting to stop passers-by to complete a short questionnaire, what is your basic approach? In a previous life, I was a commission salesman, so I know how important it is to make the first utterance out of your mouth the right one if you want people to give you even two seconds of their time, so what tends to work best for collecting data for research? A yes-no question? An open-ended question? A statement about the weather? Asking if they have a couple minutes vs avoiding mentioning time? Here have been some of my attempts, but it's hard to gauge which works best with the few attempts I've made:
  1. Excuse me, do you have a moment to talk (about ...)?
  2. Excuse me, what do you think about ...?
  3. How's it going? Hot today, isn't it?
  4. Hi, can you spare three minutes for ...?
(For specifics on my current survey, it's a bunch of Likert scale questions aimed at getting opinions about bilingual signage in a small town. I'm standing in front of grocery stores to encounter people as there really aren't any other places with regular foot traffic.)
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Hello Joshua,
I think the following description might help you. Thank you very much for presenting this beautiful question with us.
1. First of all, introduce yourself and the topic of the research in a short time with a greeting.
2. His participation in this research is very important. His answer represents your community. Explain this very nicely to him.
3. Assure him that his name and identity will be kept secret.
4. If he feels any discomfort during the interview, or wants to skip any answer, he can feel free to say so. Confirm this to him.
5. Questionnaire containing a combination of open and closed ended questions are beneficial. But time constraint is an important factor, in which case it is better to use closed ended questions than open ended questions.
Best wishes.
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If a researcher has a hypothesis in his study, i.e., "There is no significant difference in perception of Ph.D., Masters, & bachelors students of higher education towards internet usage", and the researcher developed a Likert scale and collected data by using Google form and sending it to various WhatsApp groups through friend and colleagues circle and got one hundred fifty responses. Can these procedures, which the researcher has used in his study, meet the assumption of ANOVA to use for testing the above null hypothesis?
Another thing is, nowadays, online data collection has been very popular due to the advancement of technology, and the Google form is very general and useful also. So what kind of sampling procedure will it follow when we share it person to person and collect data? Is it scientific to use inferential statistics in the analysis of online collected data, as it may violate the assumption of random sampling?
I request the experts and experienced people and also the scholars to share their experiences related to this query.
Thank you
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Daniel Wright's comment about random allocation reminded me of this slide from one of my lectures. HTH.
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In the field of research, survey type research is very popular and widely used as a research method. But some times I felt that collecting data by closed ended questionnaire may lead to socially desirable responses or behavior, example - if anyone is conducting a research on "Current Status Professional Development of Secondary Teacher" and the researcher is putting questions about the activities like - Are you a enrolling in refresher courses, are you participating in seminar, workshop or Faculty development programme etc
Then the respondent here may answer in his positive side whether he/she is doing these activities or not (So these type of socially desirable behavior they are giving and happening also). It is very much affecting the authenticity of the data we got from our sample and what we report for the development of the society may be wrong and we are providing to some extend the wrong data. So how can we mitigate or limit or reduce this effect.
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Adding reversed questions is no longer recommended because research comparing two versions of the same scale, with and without reversed items, shows that using reversed items reduces the reliability of the scale.
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I need a new tool to collect data about the opinions of a sample of customers about a particular product. Need to hear your views and experiences
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you may try with interview or focus group... or with observation method...
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I am using OPENBCI 21 channel cap with Cyton and daisy board. My PHD thesis is to collect data for emotion classification using random visual stimuli. I have developed a MATLAB software to separate and label the collected data for classification. I have an issue that the data I am getting from my OPENBCI device is too noisy .I have settled everything in GUI (Smoothing On, Notch filter 50, Bandpass 5 to 50 Hz) All channels are NOT RAILED and impedance is Green with all channels though the values are high but channels are GREEN as per vendor recommendations. Can anyone guide what to do .I am also attaching the images of my Eye closed of 2 minutes data. Application of filters is in MATLAB code is not creating any difference in it.
(https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9862906) papers talks about cancelling gain of differential amplifier. Can anyone that do we subtract differential gain using this formulae:
%DC offset Removal
for i=1:16
final(:,i)=data(:,i)-mean(data(:,i))
end;
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Thank you so much sir...but sir correct me if I am wrong as, I have read to subtract the mean of data from original data...as
Cleaned data=original data-mean(original data)
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If a researcher has collected data by using Google form and got the data from different universities which is scattered in the country , how can he/she state the demographic structure of the sample and what type of sampling procedure he/she will use?
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Thank you for your clarification sir.
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I'm carrying out a longitudinal study,
For data analysis we have to collect data several times for each variable and for the same patient
I use SPSS to draw up statistical analysis and I found a difficult how I can enter data for each patient?
any suggestion to resolve this problem please ?
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To efficiently enter data for each patient in SPSS for your longitudinal study, consider organizing your dataset in a wide format, where each patient is represented by a single row and each variable is recorded in multiple columns corresponding to different time points. This format allows you to easily enter data for each patient across time, maintaining a clear structure for analysis. Alternatively, you can use a long format where each patient has multiple rows, with one row for each observation at different time points. In this case, you would need to assign a unique identifier to each patient and use a variable to indicate the time point of each observation. Both wide and long formats have their advantages, so choose the one that best suits your research goals and analytical needs.
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Dear Scholars,
I need support for my research design:
The study is Interview of faculties in first Phase and then survey in the second phase from undergraduate student.
I collected data through interview to explore the factors of a Phenomenon. After coding and thematic analysis, I collected data through survey questionnar for some of the factors of qualitative data to validate and traingulate the data. I merged the findings in discussion for both. I really need the proper design of Mixed method which cover this data collection.
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This sounds like a straightforward exploratory sequential design (qual --> QUAN). You can find a detailed discussion of this design in Creswell and Plano-Clarke's text book on mixed methods. 2018.
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I a trying to carry out a simulation of the HTL process and I am hoping to find fluid properties based on experimental data, including heat of reaction and rheology of non-newtonian behavior, etc.
Alternatively, the actual collected data that I could use to feed my simulation.
Thank you.
Arnold Keller
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Pre-FEED on a new process to convert biomass to sustainable transportation fuels using HTL (Hydrothermal Liquefaction)
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Different primary methods of collecting data.
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Dear Rahul Jain,
Primary data collection methods refer to the techniques and approaches used to gather original data directly from the source or participants for a specific research study or project. These methods involve collecting firsthand information that is specifically tailored to the research objectives. Here are some commonly used primary data collection methods:
1. Surveys: Surveys involve structured questionnaires or interviews administered to a sample of individuals or groups. Surveys can be conducted through face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, mail-in questionnaires, online surveys, or a combination of these methods.
2. Interviews: Interviews involve direct interaction between the researcher and the participant to gather detailed information. Interviews can be structured (with predefined questions), semi-structured (with a set of key themes or questions but allowing flexibility in responses), or unstructured (allowing free-flowing conversation). Interviews can be conducted in person, over the phone, or through video conferencing.
3. Observations: Observations involve systematically watching and recording behaviors, events, or phenomena. Observations can be conducted in natural settings (naturalistic observation) or controlled environments (controlled observation). Researchers can take field notes, use video or audio recordings, or employ specialized observation tools.
4. Experiments: Experiments involve manipulating variables in a controlled environment to study cause-and-effect relationships. Researchers create treatment and control groups, apply interventions or treatments, and measure the outcomes. Experiments can be conducted in laboratories or field settings.
5. Focus Groups: Focus groups involve gathering a small group of individuals (typically 6-10) to engage in guided discussions on a specific topic. A moderator leads the discussion, and participants' responses are recorded. Focus groups allow for in-depth exploration of opinions, attitudes, and perceptions.
6. Case Studies: Case studies involve in-depth analysis of a particular individual, group, organization, or event. Researchers collect data through multiple sources such as interviews, observations, documents, and archival records to gain comprehensive insights into the case under study.
7. Action Research: Action research is a participatory approach where researchers collaborate with participants to identify problems, develop interventions, and evaluate outcomes. It combines research and practical action to facilitate change and improvement in real-world settings.
8. Diaries or Journals: Participants maintain diaries or journals to record their thoughts, experiences, or behaviors over a specific period. These self-reports provide firsthand accounts and insights into individual perspectives and experiences.
The choice of primary data collection method depends on various factors, including the research objectives, nature of the research question, available resources, participant accessibility, and ethical considerations. Researchers often employ a combination of methods to gather rich and diverse data that aligns with their research goals.
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I read rings on birds in a landfill for two winters. In this way, by reading codes on the rings, I got their ages from their life histories. For each species, I'd like to compare the mean age between the first winter and the second winter, in order to search for a significant difference. Which test should I use? And, should I include the rings that I read in both winters?
This a graph example. The p values and data are invented. X axis has got species names, Y the ages, whereas colours stand for the two winters in which I collected data.
Thanks in advance!
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Hello Emanuele,
If each of the birds you observe could be matched across both winters, that would be ideal, as you'd know that the 2022-23 birds were exactly one year older than the 2021-22 birds; no significance test is required!
If bird age can be considered a continuous variable and it's reasonable to assume that, for any given winter, ages of birds are approximately normally distributed, then you could possibly use an independent groups t-test. Each year would represent one group. You can opt to test separately by species.
If the normality assumption seems unreasonable, you could opt for a Mann-Whitney U test.
What to do about the same birds observed in both years? My suggestion is to omit them from the analysis, as age will be confounded with year/batch/group. It's really the unique, unmatched birds that will allow you any insight.
Good luck with your work.
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Metabolomics has emerged as an invaluable tool for prognostic and diagnostic purposes, last in the cascade of others OMICS -genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Omics training usually covers experiment design, data generation, and collection, data preparation, data analysis, and the last but not the least - data interpretation.
At the end of this meticulous energy, time, and financial-consuming path, it might be totally none sense to fail to put your results into the broader biological context.
For those like me that have never been trained to interpret metabolomics data, how can we make sure to not miss important points? Is Basic knowledge in Biochemistry, Physiology, or physiopathology of the disease of your interest, enough to harness the full potential of metabolomics technologies for biomarker screening u.a?
I would like to discuss with experts out there, the most important assets for a right and successful data interpretation of metabolomics data.
Thank you for sharing your experience in the Metabolomics journey as well.
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Only advice I can give is to have a background in chemistry so you can identify what chemical groups make sense and to be able to investigate related chemical families or to predict parent compounds. For example there may very little on a glycoside but if you look up the parent compound as an alcohol or methoxy ether you can often find a trove of relevant literature. Read all the papers you can about the annotation for the compound as there can often be non-enzymatic routes to the formation of compounds (especially when ROS is involved). Look up other synonyms for the compound as these are not standardized, especially in older literature. Use KEGG to help visualize the pathways where possible and always doubt the automatic annotations. I have seen nature papers where their "marker" for a cancer type is actually a tropical plant alkaloid only produced in one family of trees from southeast Asia (the patient samples from that study were not even from that region of the world). Also if you think the metabolite is important you must always do an alternative assay to verify that it is the correct annotation.
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Hi. Has anyone used an online workforce to collect data from adolescents? Something akin to Prime Panel, Prolific, etc. but with adolescent respondents? Any recommendations will be appreciated!
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Thanks, Juliana!
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Suppose I have collected data on customer churn rates and various customer attributes. How can I use regression to predict the likelihood of customer churn based on these attributes?
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Hello Dr Kumar, What attributes do you have? Wealth [how do you define], shopping centre attributes ie markets, upmarket shopping centres, average shopping centres, time of day [day/ night shopping] ie. I know someone who would only shop for Xmas presents on Xmas eve. Are they categories or continuous? I would be interested to see the results. It is interesting why some women [even some teachers/ health professionals] have excessive shopping disorders accumulating vast quantities of clothes. Good luck. Bye.
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Dear colleagues, I am doing a study on the role that Ubuntu can play in research, especially in the data collection process. Studies have shown that the response rates from Africa are higher than in other areas. Our study aims to show a connection between Ubuntu and the willingness of people to participate in research projects.
If you have collected data from any region, please consider participating in this research. The survey will take less than 10 minutes to complete (15 questions only). Please see the link below, and thank you in advance.
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Thank you sir. Please complete the survey 🙏
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Hello everyone. I´m a Brazilian student at the Masters programme in Teaching, Learning, and Media Education at Tampere University, Finland. I am investigating curiosity on teachers and education professionals in applying board games in education and the potential benefits of this strategy. I am collecting data about state-related curiosity and the perception of educators about the benefits of using board games in educational settings. I would much appreciate if you help me providing data to make my research more meaningful.
To take part in this study you just have to click the link below and fill in the questionaire. Approximate time to answer is 5 minutes. Thank you! Obrigado!
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Good luck!
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Im trying to make a webpage that makes collecting data efficiently from a person compared to pen and paper methods. What should I do? Is there a way to do this without having a a sample or like just do developer testing?
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I would create metrics to measure the pen/paper method vs. digital method. An easy start is the speed, cost, quality triangle. Tally the results between the 2 exercises, then use some significance testing to compare the two.
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Hi, I've collected data from a strain of E.coli that has been transformed several times to produce different proteins. The strains have then been exposed to a growth limiting factor. I intend to compare the ability of the bacteria by determining the time it takes for the strains to pass the exponential growth phase threshold. How do I calculate this using OD absorbance?
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You can generate growth curves as you would for any culture - OD vs time.- but will need to control inocula. Even that will give you only an approximation re. point of inflection in the curve as you sampling a population.
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I need to collect data but minimize contact between interviewer and interviewee
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Hi , Try thie
  1. DocuSign: This app allows researchers to create and send electronic consent forms to study participants. Participants can sign the forms electronically, which are then securely stored and easily accessible to the researcher.
  2. SurveyMonkey: This app allows researchers to create online surveys, including consent forms. Participants can complete the survey and sign the consent form electronically.
  3. Ethica Data: This app provides researchers with a platform to design and manage
Regards,
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To give some context, I have a background in acoustics but I am now conducting research in biomedical engineering. I'm guessing the practices and requirements when measuring human participants is different, so I though I would like to ask the biomedical community for recommendations to do it right.
I will be measuring and collecting data from the heart-rate (HR) and heart-rate variability (HRV) of participants while being exposed to sound. I ensuring that everything is safe and I am in the process of obtaining ethics permission to do these experiments. No personal information of the participants will be acquired other than gender and age.
Still, what are the considerations I should have when acquiring this sort of data considering I would like to publish its results. Number of participants? What sort of pre-screening? The way data is presented? Statistical approaches for analyzing the data?
Thank you in advance!
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What are you looking for when you expose the participant to sound? Is it a loud sound? A pleasant sound?
One thing that may be important is whether the subject is taking any medication that affects heart rate or vagal tone.
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I am doing a qualitative research with a prime purpose to develop a marketing model. For the same i have collected data via a semi structured interview. How should i proceed now with the analysis? Can anyone recommend any work for the same.
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Hi!!!
Against the popular belief, qualitative data analysis is a very systematic process. It's a process where you should start with the coding now. For coding and it's analysis, I recommend the following "Seeking Qualitative Rigor in Inductive Research: Notes on the Gioia Methodology". After you are done with the coding, you will be able to clearly identify the themes, map it against the literature and identify the relationships (if any) which will help you develop your theory.
Additionally, the beauty of the qualitative research lies in the researchers' interpretation and the in-depth understanding of a phenomenon. This helps in coming up with novel insights not discussed or thought of before which should be highlighted as an important contribution of your work. Don't be hesitant in being creative and proposing something new (either a new construct or a new relationship) as long as your data leads to it.
I hope this helps you. All the best for your research!!
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I have got a comment from a reviewer and do not know how to address it:
The authors have revised the manuscript well, but I'm still unsure about the data collection period. This study collected data in 2013-2014 which means about 9-10 years ago. And we know conditions have changed a lot after the pandemic, and the authors need to justify that this research is still applicable. The justification given is still quite dubious to me. Maybe you can include references that support that the data is still valid and reliable for analysis in your study.
Would you please mind suggesting how to respond to this comment?
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Hi,
I think he/she gave a big guideline by stating this,
" Maybe you can include references that support that the data is still valid and reliable for analysis in your study."
So, in my opinion, you need to find similar published works or websits that support the idea of his comment.
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We have CECIL CE 3021 uv vis spectrophotometer. Unfortunately, we are unable to run it by computer and collect data from it. Could anyone help us?
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Thank you for comments Mr. Abdullah Khan.
I already have done all the above steps. Unfortunately, there are no response from the UV VS. Could you or anyone else write down the step by step the collecting data process?
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Hi, all.
I would like to know, how do you analyise data from the national registry that collects data on some diseases and conditions?
In past, people used MS Access a lot. Is the R a proper solution nowadays? Or do you suggest some other tools? I am looking for tool that could provides outputs in spreadsheet.
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Aleksandar P. Medarevic - so you probably know this: The Epidemiologist R Handbook (https://epirhandbook.com/en/index.html)? Maybe there are some of the functions you're looking for already prepared to just copy+ paste?
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Hi everyone,
I am collecting data for my master's thesis on the low access and retention rate of women workforce in STEM and the effects of remote work. For this reason, I am conducting a survey (https://forms.office.com/e/6asy4kRJP7), and the target group are women in Germany who currently work in STEM fields and those who have changed to non-STEM jobs or have exited the labor force.
If anyone of you fits into the target group, I would appreciate it if you could participate. Also, do you have any suggestions on where else I may post it as well?
Thank you!
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submit ur questionnaire through survey circle or u may add ur questionnaire dissertation survey filling group.In such groups u may target right audience from various countries and swap ur surveys as well.
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If I conduct a research about raising awareness about a certain disease and collect data online, from whom do I have to get the ethics approval? The participants are general population and I do not know apart from their informed consent what other ethics approval do I need and from whom. Is it the university I am affiliated do? I am not convinced because my participants are not students. Please, help!
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In my country, almost all universities have an Ethic Committee that provides this kind of approval regardless of the participants' affiliations. So I guess your unversity should be the one to get the approval unless you have another institution that deals with this matter. Hope this helps.
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Multiple qualitative methods were used to collect data for a PhD degree work. I would like to know if the findings can be presented as two separate chapters instead of one divided into sections. What would inform such a decision?
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I agree with Sarwar J. Minar in that one generally has one chapter, even for a mixed method approach - some of my students findings chapter were over 100 pages, but still used one chapter. However, one can always break convention if you have strong motivation for doing so!
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Data collected from social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter raise ethical issues such as seeking consent and copyright.
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I'm not sure, but 250,000 members does not seem private to me! :)
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I often use Likert scales to collect data on subjective perceptions. Usually, we enter positive values (e.g. 1-5, 1-7, 0-10) when performing correlation analysis/difference analysis/linear regression. But can I perform these statistical analyses if I am using a bi-level scale (-3-+3, -10-+10) that contains both positive and negative values?
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Thanks for your kindly response!
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I am assessing coping of father and mother by using Ways of Coping Questionnaire. I am using 2 domains of WoC ignoring other 6 domains though I have collected data for other domains too. As per my research question, I just wanted to test which coping style among the selected 2 widely used by mother and father and significant difference in their mean will tell. Though among all the domains the selected subscale mean were not greater than the other unselected one. So is it wrong to ignore other domain and use those two if can back up with the literature?
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It is generally appropriate to focus on specific domains or subscales of a measure when addressing a specific research question, as long as the domains or subscales are relevant to the research question and are supported by the literature.
In your case, if your research question is focused on the coping styles of fathers and mothers, and the two domains of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WoCQ) that you have chosen are relevant to this question and are widely used in the literature, then it is reasonable to focus on these domains and ignore the other domains of the WoCQ.
However, it is important to consider the potential limitations of this approach. By ignoring the other domains of the WoCQ, you may be missing important information about the coping styles of fathers and mothers. Additionally, if the selected domains have lower means compared to the unselected domains, it is possible that these domains may not be as representative of the coping styles of fathers and mothers.
In general, it is important to carefully consider the appropriateness of the measures and domains that you are using in your study, and to ensure that they are well-supported by the literature and relevant to your research question. If you are able to provide evidence from the literature to support your decision to focus on specific domains of the WoCQ, this can help to strengthen the validity of your study.
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My PhD topic is stress level prediction of students using machine learning.
I want to collect data through questionnaire from different colleges.
Actually I don't find the proper path to collect the data. and how to implement?
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Designing a questionnaire/scale takes quite awhile. This (https://www.amazon.com/Scale-Development-Applications-Applied-Research/dp/154437934X/ref=asc_df_154437934X/) is a good starting point for how to do this.
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Hello, I'm currently conducting research concerning the effect of social media language on EFL students' academic writing.
Does that make my research descriptive in nature?
And I want to collect data via questionnaires and interviews, does that mean the mixed-methods approach is used?
Finally, the descriptive statistics technique (statistical analysis) is used to analyze the participants’ responses? Could you please tell me if this is accurate?
Thanks in advance.
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My suggestion, go refer to Research Typology (Strang,2015) and Research Onion (Saunders, 2015) and from that, you customize your own research method according to requirement of your study
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I am collecting data for my research. My target audiences are corporate employees as well as employees working in academic field.
Kindly provide some guidance on the forums where I can paste my link to questionnaire for these target people.
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Linked in, FB groups of researchers.
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My abstract has been accepted for full submission for a book chapter. This will be my first submission for peer review so I am still learning as I go.
I collected data on the topic (quantitative - structured questionnaire) and would like to include this data in the book chapter as it add value (this data and some findings where included in the abstract that was accepted).
My questions are : Can I include it as a 'case study' insert into the book chapter and what is best way/structure to do so?
Thank you for your assistance
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First of all, this assumes that your abstract is not only a case study. I assume that your chapter abstract takes up theorization of the topic, some sort of literature review, perhaps something about how the previous research could be improved by your views and your approaches and your methodologies ... in which case, your 'case study' becomes one section of a chapter that includes: introduction, theorization, previous research, a case study, discussion. Your 'case study' section has to be complete however - see guidelines for writing up a case study. Simply ensure that the necessary elements of such a 'complete' case study are included in the 'section' case study of your chapter. Make sure to have a couple of colleagues read your chapter before submission to give you feedback on how you balanced everything. Then go for it.
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I have collected data from 300+ studies on microplastic densities in rivers, I would like to investigate how the density varies with numeric variables (population density, Average GDP, plastic production) and categorical variables (vegetated/non-vegetated, continent, ecoregion, climatic zone).
However, when running "metamean", and using the "byvar" function I can only analyze one variable at a time. Can anyone recommend a mutivariate method so I can look at what factors are driving the microplastic variation?
Thanks
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While I collected data, I've some important data in triennial (3-year interval) format. All other data in monthly format. How can I convert these to monthly in STATA or Excel?
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Koen Van de Moortel is absolutely right.
Also, on what basis to calculate monthly estimates?
The conditions are missing.
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Hello
Dear Colleagues
Honestly, My topic is An investigation of the effect of Flipped learning classroom on Primary students' self-efficacy and academic achievement: Case study of Six graders of primary students
I have some questions:
Q1) Which kind of design can select for collecting data? If I use, quasi experimental design, how can I select participants? I have only 1 class (6 graders of primary students) the number of the participants are 25. I really appreciate you if you can help me.
what is your suggestion?
Q2) I want to teach English language course via flipped learning- which english language skill is fine and suitable for six graders? can you guide me more? I really appreciate if you can helpo me
Best regrds
Vahid
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Do not assign students to groups. You should work with groups as they are (intact classes).
If you have the choice of assigning students from the center to experimemtal and control groups, you can use randomization. Howver, by randomly assigning participants, your design will be true experimental, not quasi-exp.
As for the comparability, you can do it by comparing their scores in the pretest (compare the means for the two groups). On a final bote, their means should be equal.
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I am going to conduct a quantitative study whereas I will collect data by using a five point Likert scale instrument.
In this regard, which technique/tools will be effective to analyse the collected data?
Thank you in advance for your cooperation!
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Because there have been so many questions here about how to work with Likert-scored items, I have collected a set of resources on this topic.
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What are the minimum numbers of cross sectional units in Long Panel Datat Analysis, as it is difficult to collect data from too many companies in developing contries?.
Also, what is the model uesed, in this case? Thank you
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There are many types of longitudinal statistical models, including autoregressive/crosslagged models, change score models, growth curve models, and latent state-trait models. The type of model to use depends on your research questions, the nature of the variables, and what you want to find out.
Likewise, the required sample size depends on many factors (e.g., the type of statistical model, the number of variables, the number of time points, effect sizes). It is therefore difficult if not impossible to give general recommendations. I tend to think that the best way to make an informed guess about the necessary sample size is by running a simulation that should ideally be as realistic as possible in terms of the expected parameter estimates. This also allows you to study which aspects of the variables and model are most sensitive to a small sample.
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Hello there!
I am looking for a researcher or an academician to help me collect data in France for an international comparison study.
My research is about basic psychological needs and resilience. I will collect data from university students. I would be glad if interested people contact me.
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Aybike Çavdar Best wishes. Let me know if you need any assistance in the future.
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I wanted to collect data from an unknown number of the population , my study items are 27 , so should i consider 270 as my sample size ?
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Based on the information provided, no. However, it may be the only sample size you can get (study site was bombed, taken over my armed people, tilled, grazed, burned, salted, flooded, .....) That is even more funny as the samples were of different concrete mixes. What makes for a reasonable sample?
1) Nature of question being asked.
2) Value of answer gained: not so much the value to you personally, but the value to the funding agency or human society at large.
3) Difficulty or risk in gathering data
4) Variability in the data
5) There are other factors, but often they apply to a specific topic. Source of missing data for example.
A great deal of research is expected to be published. Is this sample size similar to that used in other studies?
How risk adverse are you and how much time are you willing to give to manage that risk? My sample size is at the low end of published research. I arrive at novel conclusions (or no conclusions). This is unpublishable because reviewers will not accept the small sample size. Had I used a sample size at the high end (or more than) previously published work then it becomes publishable anyway (though possibly harder than if everything had worked as expected).
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I found various scales relevant to my study and wanted to collect data on their pre-developed items. But there's this fact whenever I search for the questionnaire sets or items, they are not on internet. I recently needed 60 item Reactions to Impairment and Disability Inventory (RIDI) scale but no luck. It seems like they ghosted me. Suggest to me how to find scales and questionnaires.
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There are many research scientists who have written the book about Scaling Measurements.
The Scales are always selected with Odd numbers because the middle one could be Neutral and the rests are either Positive or Negative degrees of selecting the answers to indicate the scaling points at the final.
There are many types of the Scales such as 3-Point, 5-Point, and 7-Points according to the variables that you have selected for your research study.
It could be applied to Psychological factor variables like Perception, Attitude, Knowledge, skills, etc.
Moreover, you can go through these links will help you to select the preferable scale based on your studies.
Please visit the following Websites to get the appropriate Scaling Measurements:
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i want to assess is there is a relationship between drop in pressure and meter inaccuracies in intermittent water supply systems
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I agree with Jhon Mar Rivera.
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Hi,
I am learning how to critique qualitative papers and I have got 2 questions:
1) What if the researches do not state the study design (e.g., grounded theory, phenomenology etc.) that they used? what are the implications of not saying it? I know that based on the design the researchers should use specific sampling methods and specific techniques to collect data, but if they don't say which is the design is it up to me to try to figure it out? or the study loses trustworthiness?
2) Is it possible to state that data saturation has been reached without using triangulation?
thank you
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The design in any piece of research consists of statements about how the methods (sample, data collection, data analysis, etc.) are linked to the research questions and goals. In contrast, things like grounded theory, phenomenology, etc. are research "approaches" or "traditions." Many qualitative studies do not use one of these approaches, and this particularly likely for studies that rely on semi-structured interviews, followed by thematic analysis.
As for saturation, it is own separate concept related to when further data collection becomes redundant, and thus is seldom related to triangulation.
Also, this is a small "industry" involved in producing lists of criteria for evaluating qualitative research. such as the COREQ and SRQR checklists.
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Specifically, I'll be interviewing people in a community where the idea of fluid gender is likely scoffed at by most people. However, I still need to know their self-identified genders, so I have to find a way to ask without also distancing myself from them through the very act of asking. For instance, a participant might not only not believe in gender fluidity but also be insulted that I would even ask because that would imply that I can't tell if they consider themselves to be a woman or a man or something else. For those with experience in this sort of environment, how do you ask the question?
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I understand why the researcher is asking the question about how to ask. This is clear. I am answering from my perspective simply because I, in turn, was asked.
You and him and anybody else are in their perfect right to ask such a question, as would I , when the answer would bear on my research question. That is all I'm saying
And on that note, the far more relevant information would be the individual's sex rather than her/his gender. This of course, from the perspective of my research interests that are biological, adaptive, and economic in broad terms.
I thank you and the original proponent of the question. Honest differences of opinions on these issues enrich us all.
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How can the researcher determine the stability of a site for collecting data?
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Seems to me that a fundamental question for the researcher, in regard to a potential data collection site is: can I get the data here?
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Ambient awareness is a term used by social scientists to describe a new form of peripheral social awareness. This awareness is propagated from relatively constant contact with one's friends and colleagues via social networking platforms on the Internet. To collect data i need an existing adoptable scale for my M.Phil thesis.
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You could try to transfer the existing attempts to measure social awareness in relation to ambient awareness. See e.g. the following sources:
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I want to collect data from our College students for quantitative research. The population from whom, I can collect data is 80. I would be grateful if someone answers this question: "What should be my sample size in terms of number of students?"
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With a population of 80 I would do them all.. for a detailed discussion see Schaefer et al Elementary Survey sampling available for download from the z-library Best wishes David Booth
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Dear all,
I have collected empirical data using semi-structured interview. The topic is related to the law and regulation. Now I have to start analysing the collected data. As keyword, my supervisor talked about intercoder reliability. What do you recommend also in this regard. I have no quantitve, just qualitative data. The aims of the research to determine the effect of a law on other foreign laws.
Thanks for your help in advanced.
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Hi Radwan,
The first approach to qualitative data analysis is to immerse yourself in the data by transcribing your interviews, reading the transcripts multiple times, listening to the recorded audios, and coding the transcript, either manually or using qualitative software if you are conversant with it. Intercoder reliability comes in when more than one person codes the data, in which case you want to know to what extent the different coders agree on codes and their definitions. If you are the only person coding the data, intercoder reliability becomes impossible to implement. Note that some researchers even think that intercoder reliability is unnecessary. Please, search online for good papers and guides on how to conduct qualitative data analysis. All the best.
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I want to run an experiment with pilots flying a simulated flight. I need to collect data about their performance (accuracy of handling the joystick, speed etc). Do you know if there is a flight simulation game that allows the experimenter to collect such kind of data?
Thanks a lot,
Alex
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Hello sir,
I just came to see this right place I have been flying sim for a long time more than 6+ years starting from fs2002 till Fs2020. I am curious and while reading the answers and Alexandros Kontotasios thanks for connecting with such a question. I am interested like do someone works on the FS2020 simulator for any research purpose. Please share if any.
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I have collected data on a drug and patients remaining in disease-remission at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. My data is calculated as a proportion/percentage (e.g. 33/39 patients (84.6%) in remission at 3m, 71.8% in remission at 6m, 53.8% in remission at 12m.
I would like to test if there is a significant difference between remission rates at 3m, 6m and 12m - is there a specific test that would be recommended?
Many thanks
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Hi
let's try Kaplan statistics or Cox proportional hazards survival model:
Best regards
Tomasz
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Regards to everybody
I have another inquiry with which I hope you can assist me.
I have collected data from participants pertaining to my study issue, as well as other data, such as age and gender. These "other" information are not part of the variables; they are merely extra information.
How should this information be included in the discussion section of the study report without deviating too much from the main hypothesis? e.g. Can I indicate, for instance, that the majority of participants were between the ages of 18 and 30, and that older people may need to be included in future studies to evaluate reliability, etc.? That is, to make use of this "other" data and not only include it in the section for participants?
Thank you once again in advance for your help.
Kind regards,
Brian.
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You should provide enough demographic information, so the reader will place into context your findings and assist in generalizability. Also, speak about attrition and any base line differences.
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I have secondary data on sustainable energy for 35 Sub-Saharan African countries with 4 IVs and 34 sub-variables in all. I should have collected data for all the countries in the region but for incomplete data for others. I can't figure out whether the data set is enough. I ran the analysis for the available data but none of the variables contributed significantly to the DV.
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Your assumptions about my question are valid:
Thanks for the clear explanation.
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I intend to survey the construction site by photogrammetry. I will use Visualsfm software to generate the point cloud.
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Me neither, I'm sorry by that.
Regards
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Hello Everyone,
I am a doctoral fellow, conducting research with a special focus on International Relations. I want to know that can I use the email survey method to collect data for my work. Is it considered a valid technique to collect the primary data?
Thanks in Advance for ur precious suggestions and answers.
Wanie Mehraj
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A good source on this topic is Dillman et al., Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method.
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I'm currently working on a project regarding child education and rural women. Where the population is the rural women of Bangladesh. I have collected data almost from 700 respondent. Can you suggest any sufficiency test for the sample size?
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I agree with James R Knaub that "Online sample size "calculators" are generally only for yes/no (proportion) data, for a simple random sample, with no finite population correction (fpc) factor, and assuming p=q=0.5" but I disagree with his conclusions that they should not be used for anything else. In particular, the choice of p=q=0.5 is set to maximize the variance in 1/0 variables, so it generates a conservative estimate of the sample size. Also, it is unusual for finite population correction to have any meaningful effect on a sample size, and certainly not in the context of rural women of Bangladesh.
So,, I think that such calculators do indeed have value, but at the same time I personally would recommend G*power as a more useful alternative.
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I am working on the methodology section for my dissertation and would like to use the Early Trauma Inventory to collect data on retrospective child trauma and the developmental timing of first trauma occurrence. Ideally, I would like to collect all of my dissertation data virtually (online) but am aware of the potential challenges that can arise when collecting trauma data. I am looking for advice/tips/protocols for collecting retrospective trauma data virtually in the safest and most ethical manner.
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If you are thinking of CSA, , may be useful for the reliability of memories. Kamala London
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I have collected various data from the literature on different factors that I want to use for my research.
For each factor there is not the same amount of data from the literature e.g. one factor has data from 9 different articles while another factor has data from 15 different articles. Is there any way I can give the collected data an equal weight so that I can further use it to create prior probabilities to build a Bayesian network?
Thanks in advance!
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Hello Karen,
I'm not completely clear on what it is you're trying to do.
When people weight statistical results such as effect size, for meta-analysis estimates of population parameters, they usually use a function of the standard error and/or study sample size (N) when combining information from multiple studies. That is, all other things equal, a study result based on 500 cases would be given more weight in the aggregate estimate than would a study result based on 75 cases.
Methods such as "vote-count" (e.g., the result appearing in 15 studies is somehow superior to that appearing in 9 studies) have been shown not to function very well for aggregating results from multiple studies.
If, as Muhannad's reply suggests, you're trying to weight results by some quality criterion, then obviously you'll have to be very specific about what the requisite features of the ideal/target quality are, and how they should be appraised. Perhaps expert judgment, using a Delphi method, might be one way to proceed along this path.
If none of this seems useful to your aims, perhaps you could elaborate your query a bit. Doing so might improve the likelihood of a more focused recommendation.
Good luck with your work.
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