Coherence - Science topic

Do you have any specific question to that laser? I havent worked with that particular model. But usually you unmount one of mirrors and mount to to a position of 9-10 cm shorter, as you calculated. Usually the manual should tell you which mirror to move. Then you align the laser again following the instructions by the manual.

Usually, the manual should supply you with alignment instructions and steps also for shortening the cavity.

My framing doesn’t depend on the wavefunction being real per se, but rather proposes that what we call “collapse” emerges when recursive thermodynamic coherence within the system reaches self-persistence—essentially when the system begins to reference itself. It’s not that measurement "forces" a collapse, but that what we interpret as measurement is the manifestation of a deeper recursive threshold being crossed. I see this not as replacing standard QM tools, but as offering a thermodynamic interpretation of when and why those tools snap into definite outcomes.

Dear Karin,

Thank you for your detailed and helpful response, it’s exactly the kind of neurophysiological specificity I was hoping to surface. Your point about serotonin-induced activation of the claustrum and the role of the MRN/IPN in suppressing theta states is interesting.

I'm intrigued by your mention of how these structures modulate arousal-promoting nuclei like the basal forebrain, VTA, and medial septum. From the standpoint of a model I am developing, ODTBT, these circuits can be interpreted as coherence regulators operating across nested phase hierarchies. When they inhibit theta and gamma alignment, the system undergoes what the model distinguishes as Threshold Waveform Interface for State Change (TWIST), which is a recursive coherence collapse that in this case appears to be the interface for altered or unconscious states.

Your framing reinforces the idea that consciousness is not a binary state, but a transductive geometry, a structure that can be reconfigured through entropic flow and phase disruption at multiple biological scales.

If you know of any further studies that empirically map protein-level thermodynamics or phase gating structures to EEG coherence or entropy modulation, I’d be deeply interested.

Thank you again, your contribution greatly advanced the scope of my inquiry.

Warm regards,

John

Methodologically, first the relief and its tectonic genesis. So the neotectonic processes in the Neogene and Quaternary that affected the analyzed terrain and the emergence of large morphotectonic structures. Within the morphoevolution of larger morphotectonic units, smaller-more recent landforms are distinguished, primarily created by exo-geomorphological processes caused by climatic influence and climate changes. So after morphotectonics, the sequence of analyses of climate changes and the development (morphoevolution) of genetic types of relief - aeolian, fluvial, slope, etc. Only at the end of the work, within the framework of man's modern influence on the climate and geomorphological processes, will spatial planning - scientific guidelines for sustainability in the analyzed-researched area be given.

This has been proposed and discussed: see

(093–096) Proposals to permit nuclear DNA sequences as nomenclatural types when preservation of specimens is not feasible Susanne S. Renner Washington University, Department of Biology, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, U.S.A. Address for correspondence: Susanne S. Renner, srenner@wustl.edu DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12607

and respective decissions....however, over time things might change - evolve!

Sarbast Moslem added a reply

Dear Nolberto Munier , thank you so much for your constructive feedbacks ,

NM-You are most welcome, and I deeply thank and appreciate your answer

SM- Fuzzy AHP is not universally superior but offers advantages in high-uncertainty contexts, here I tried to cover most of your interesting comments,

NM – AHP is universally known, I grant it, but it does not mean that it is effective, in my opinion it is irreal and flawed. What FAHP does is simply find an average value on the DM estimates. Please, look at this from fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

So, the DM accumulates inaccuracy on uncertainty. Your opinion please.

SM- 1. Saaty’s critique of Fuzzy AHP

NM- You are using the right words “Saaty argued” for its table and consistency checks.

I agree that fuzzy models better linguistic ambiguity, but just for the benefit of the DM, not for the project. Now I ask you? Why the measure of the DM coherence must affect the problem?

Another question, how Kahrarman and Bozhura demonstrate that fuzzy AHP is effective, if they do not have a yardstick to measure it? You do not need mathematics for this, only common sense and reasoning, which as probably you noticed, is the way I analyze a method in discussions

Regarding SA you are correct, its purpose is to measure strength of the best solution, and this is very useful indeed, but may I remind you that SA in AHP consists in selecting as most important criterion to vary, the one with the highest weight, without any mathematical proof of that, all based in intuitions? In addition, by selecting only one criterion and keeping the other constant (ceteris paribus), the DM is applying an incorrect procedure.

SM- “ Saaty argued that AHP inherently accounts for uncertainty through its 1–9 scale and consistency checks.”

NM- Now, why estimates from a DM must be consistent? In my opinion, it is due to the way Eigen Value (EI) can be applied. If you have an inconsistent matrix the EV delivers the weakest weight, therefore it is only a convenient feature for AHP

NM- I do not follow your reasoning. Linear regression is a mathematical process while AHP is not

AHP enforces transitivity(if A > B and B > C, then A > C) via the consistency ratio (CR), flagging illogical judgments. While CR ensures internal coherence, it does not guarantee real-world validity. This is a limitation of any preference-based method. However, consistency checks reduce arbitrary biases, making weights more reliable for stakeholders.

NM- You used the correct word “enforcestransitivity. Do you think that is it natural that a formula disavows the estimate of a DM? At least you recognize that it does not guaranty real-world validity, something that Saaty also said, and I do not think that there is MCDM method that models reality in its integrity, but rational methods like POMETHEE ELECTRE, TOPSIS, VIKOR, use reasoning, analysis, experience, research, consultation, something that AHP ignores

NM- Fuzzy logic only finds the average of the DM estimates. And where the uncertainty ranges come from?

Do you know that there are rational MCDM methods that can determine them, and in published papers with real-life examples?

NM- Consensus is not validation. The first implies an agreement of intervening parties, each one yielding on some issue and taken on another. Validation is to compare a ranking from analytical tools with the true, existing ranking, that is completely unknown and not available to any MCDM method. Therefore, validation is impossible. Just think that if the DM knew the true results, applying MCDM would be unnecessary

Validation is not related to sensitivity analysis (SA), that tries to determine the strength of the best alternative when criteria, not a criterion, in most cases, is increased/decreased. If the best alternative depends on say three criteria, and for reach one there is a reasonable allowed variation gap, the DM can decide that said alternative is strong, but this is not validation

· Waiting Time: Corrected—waiting time depends on frequency, not speed. Speed affects in-vehicle travel time

NM- Agreed. I think that I made a mistake, sorry for this. Waiting time also depends on other aspects as capacity, benches, information screen, punctuality of buses, weather (temperature, In some Canadian cities heaters are installed, while in Dubai air conditioning is a must. Therefore, it is not as simple

· Transfer Need: Revised to "interchanging buses/routes."

· Time Availability: Clarified as "service frequency" (buses/hour).

· Limited Time of Use: Adjusted to "operating hours" (e.g., 6 AM–10 PM).

· Comfort in Stops: "Providing new buses" may improve seating/shelters at stops, indirectly enhancing comfort.

NM- Providing new more comfortable buses is comfort on board. Seating in shelters provides comfort on land between buses, that must provide comfort too, such as: Easy boarding for old and people in wheelchairs, enough number of seats, screen signaling the next arrival to a station, comfortable temperature, information, cleanliness, etc.,

NM - Agreed on fuzzy logic. Do you know that Saaty said that fuzzy should not be used in AHP because the method is already fuzzy? In my opinion, fuzzy lies on estimated geometrical forms to determine memberships, and using for instance, three invented values. Therefore, it can correctly average the DM coherence, but it is not related to reality, what is the really important.

Dear Szabolcs Duleba ,

NM-It would very productive is Mr. Duleba can collaborate in this important subject

If anyone has perspectives please share

Short answer: no.

The coherence length defines a distance over which if you know (or control!) the phase at location A the phase at location B is no longer related to the known phase at location A. The phase at location B wanders with respect to the phase at location A and averaging over a short time B goes through all possibilities. So at any given moment the difference in phase between point A and point B is random. Well, technically the coherence length is defined at a location where the phase isn’t quite yet completely uncorrelated but it’s getting there.

So, if you hold the phase of laser X constant relative to the phase of laser Y, but then you combine them at a point where their path lengths have differed by more than a coherence length, then their phases will no longer have a fixed relation. They aren’t coherent, and you won’t get the beam quality expected of coherent beam combining.

Probability, prediction and assumption is not science...

Atoms are indivisible unit of our living world and all science accept this fact.. thus there is no QM

.

I think there’s two key items:

1. Bridging Quantum and Classical Realms

Macro Coherence offers a conceptual bridge between quantum mechanics and classical physics by proposing that decoherence principles can apply beyond the microscopic. This could offer some understanding of how the “collapse” from possibilities into a singular, observed reality scales up from particles to larger objects.

Comment: If this principle holds, it could have material implications on our understanding of reality and causality in the macroscopic world. It may help explain why we perceive a consistent, singular reality despite the underlying probabilistic nature of the quantum level, providing a unifying framework for quantum and classical phenomena.

2. Role of Observer and Stability in Reality Formation

Macro Coherence suggests that, similar to quantum mechanics, the act of observation or interaction may be essential in collapsing potential states into a single macroscopic reality. This would imply that reality, as we know it, is not just a passive backdrop but something that actively stabilizes through interactions, potentially involving conscious or environmental factors.

however….

In quantum mechanics, coherence is highly sensitive to even minute environmental factors, leading to rapid decoherence for particles. In the macroscopic world, however, systems are vastly more complex and have established stability that resists decoherence-like effects, making it difficult to draw direct parallels between quantum wave function collapse and a similar “reality collapse” at a larger scale.

Without concrete evidence showing that quantum principles like decoherence can directly scale to the macroscopic level, Macro Coherence risks remaining speculative.

Furthermore, macroscopic objects consistently exhibit classical behavior without evident quantum superpositions, suggesting that decoherence might lose relevance as complexity and size increase. More empirical research would be needed to bridge this gap and validate whether quantum principles can meaningfully extend to the observable, classical reality we experience.

best

H

In qualitative data analysis (QDA), coding is a critical process used to organize and make sense of textual or non-numerical data, such as interview transcripts, observation notes, and open-ended survey responses. Coding allows researchers to systematically categorize and interpret qualitative data, drawing out themes, patterns, and insights. Here’s how coding contributes to qualitative analysis:

In short, coding transforms qualitative data into meaningful information that can be analyzed systematically, helping researchers build a coherent narrative and extract actionable insights.

The key elements of a coherent literature review include a clear research focus, critical analysis of existing studies, thematic organization, synthesis of findings, and identification of gaps or inconsistencies in the literature

Some things to check:

How does coherence look like? If close to 1, then there is a nearly linear relation between input an output, if closer to 0 then maybe something wrong with your measurement setup (bad SNR?) since

SNR = gamma²/(1-gamma²), with gamma being the coherence.

Bad SNR can be due to the fact that the eigenmode (at a certain eigenfrequency) is not "excitable", i.e. you hit it at a node, not at a point of maximum amplitude, or your acceleration sensor has bad "observation", i.e. it likewise sits at a node of this mode and not at a point of maximum amplitude.

You might also want to check the APS (Autopowerspectrum) of the hammer pulse. Depending on the hammer tip you are using, you will be able to excite a different distribution of energy, i.e. more energy at lower frequencies for low stiffness tips (like rubber) or higher energy at higher frequencies for higher stiffness tips (like hard resin or metal). The shape of the APS of the hammer pulse will show you the details.

Regarding windowing you should also be careful to choose rectangular or exponential for the hammer pulse (and the response). Do not use Hanning or Hamming windows, since they will "fade-in and out" the time signal and you loose too much energy of the hammer pulse (which sits at the start of the window).

There are some good commercial programs available like Head Acoustics Artemis, LMS, etc. that support you in doing it right.

Hope this helps (or is it all known?)

Bant içi yapısını malzemenin yapısı ve atomik yapısı hakkında bilgi sahibi olduğunuz kadar hayal edebilirsiniz.

Hello,

Which diode are you using? Are you using the generic diode model with SPICE parameters?

If you are using the SMS7630 diode and employing the generic model with SPICE parameters, there might be an offset. To eliminate the offset, you would need to establish a surrounding diode model, for example, with a TRL calibration kit. This will provide the correct diode impedance at different operating points (power, frequency, bias voltage).

I would first suggest exploring the sustainable materials that can be used for making products and what process is most sustainable for producing those products/forms.

What usage of the pots do you wish to address? Whether it is aimed at residential use or commercial uses.

Living art is another construct that needs to be explored. is it the end product of the plants and pots together that produces a live and dynamic installation or the concept of 'live' is limited to the organic plant entity?

Once there is substantial knowledge and clarity about the methods and constructs and the domain whether residential or commercial, the next step of designing a questionnaire for the residential/commercial users can be drafted. Which is followed by some ideation and conceptual design activity.

Aynı tutarlılık ve fazda o günün atmosfer koşullarında oluşturmak mümkün. Işık spektrumları sayesinde oluşturulan anlık görüntüler o zamanın atmosfer koşullarında elde edilen şekil veya boyutlardır.

I totally agree

that also my way of thinking

Please take a look at,

Fall and rise of matrix mechanics.

Researchgate, January 2024.

IJISRT, January 2024.

We hope that it will provide detailed answers to the interested reader.

Hello, Nikhil

You can analyze students' traditional academic writing before and after engaging in multimodal projects using measures of writing quality like a rubric. Look for improvements from the baseline in areas like organization, coherence, evidence use, style etc. I also suggest you to consider using a survey. The survey should be addressed for students on their perceived improvements in writing skills after completing a multimodal project. Also survey their confidence levels in applying writing skills to academic tasks before and after. Good luck

Dear Ashir Ahmed ,

Due to the specific characteristics and complicated contents of remote sensing (RS) images, remote sensing image retrieval (RSIR) is always an open and tough research topic in the RS community. There are two basic blocks in RSIR, including feature learning and similarity matching. In this paper, we focus on developing an effective feature learning method for RSIR. With the help of the deep learning technique, the proposed feature learning method is designed under the bag-of-words (BOW) paradigm.

Regards,

Shafagat

Thank you Mr Adnan for your answer

Kindly, can you give examples for blending and fixatives

Danilo Andrade De Jesus

Hi Danilo. Unfortunately, no. We could only get some preliminary results using TOPCON using 7line raster mode. however, we could not achieve a full field of the retina.

NA and sigma for, (2,4) angle =10,(4,6) angle =20.( tall dimensional and tiny dimensional)

For example rectangular NA=0.37 and sigma=0.5 application.

Mahdi Khorsand Ghaffari thank you for that suggestion! It could be very interesting. I don't know if the EEG signal from the heads of the players who are moving during playing would be good enough for tracking the brain waves, but maybe some good mobile EEG monitors would allow us to collect a good quality signal.

Maybe you should study the SENTINEL-1 PRODUCT DATA TYPES.

Candidate Reference:

Regards,

Over the last few months, just got learned more about the essence of possible implementation for the CPA fiber material, though it has not been proven yet.

Practically, while PM fibers are designed for maintaining polarization states, turning them into CPAs requires careful consideration of both the fiber's and the incoming light's properties. Given that the field of CPAs is still in its research stages, implementing it in PM fibers would require a deep understanding of both fields and might necessitate significant research and development.

Dear Philippos Afxentiou ,

If gravity is well defined as is in reality... Gravity is connected to electromagnetic phenomena of course can get the connection between gravity and radioactive phenomena/effects.

I have the resolution...

My concept has the next prediction: Take a relatively rapidly beta-decaying radioactive element in a very thin and strong insulating box, on the outside we will experience an effect that increases the moment of inertia.

t can be proven exactly experimentally

Regards,

Sometimes at conferences (research rather than bladder and bowel) I have met people who create an image and that's all it was. I hope that when I used to be talking about what I considered that I was knowledgeable about, I could talk for ages, but if someone mentioned something that was new to me, I'd be really interested and if it was linked to what I was knowledgeable about, I could continue the discussion from my perspective. But I would be open about the gaps in my knowledge. This was sort of conversation was great, but if the other person did not have much knowledge to back up his / her argument, I was very disappointed.

I think not only the theories of learning and development, the theories of various schools of psychology can be integrated into one theory.

And ar you affirmstivevwith the thesis that physics is in fact a realist philosophical approach to natural world, using such a framework to discern truths from not truths and not any other i. E mainly pragmatist or conventionalism or rationalist?

Fotonlar yüksek kuantum verimliliğinde çok hassas frekanslara sahip olurlar. Fotonlar yüksek kuantum verimliliğinde fotonla uyarılır ve yine yüksek kuantumlu fotonlarla beslenir.

New text was added to the prime flower posting above, clarifying questions that I received by both public and private messages. Every tool by RG finds its right use ...

Trans-human communication includes not just extraterrestrials (that naturally exist, or it would be a terrible waste of space and time).

Plants also show prime numbers in nature, communicating with insects and humans. See figure in that comment.

In my work applying negative dialectics to understand how we might better realise an emergent future, I see coherence as the essential link between the present, the adjacent (future) possibilities and the emergent future. Here, leadership has a key role in developing and maintaining that essential coherence. It is leadership that are the custodians of the adjacent possibilities and who must guide our emergence to best effect.

Well, that’s not really possible. The problem is that for any laser the phase wanders randomly over time compared to an absolutely perfect frequency reference. The more stable the frequency and the narrower the line width the slower the wander, but the phase will wander. For two sources to wander around together they have to be tied to the same random walk. That can mean splitting a single source, or it can mean seeding two sources with the same seed laser. It can also mean actively driving the phase of different sources to match that of some reference source. However, in all cases one way or another all outputs are tied back to one reference source.

Now, if you make two independent sources, their phase difference will stay constant for something like whatever the shorter coherence time of the two. However, while you can expect the phase difference to not drift much on time scales short compared to the coherence time, at any given moment you have no idea what that phase difference is and it will wander through all possible values on a time scale long compared to the shorter coherence time. So that lack of knowledge or control of the relative phase prevents you from doing all the things we do with coherent sources. Yes they are coherent for useful lengths of time, but with an unknown and varying phase difference.

The Aidos-x system is an excellent intelligent system for diagnosing and classifying human diseases. The methods of using the Aidos-x system for diagnosing human diseases are disclosed in lectures with sound "Using automated system-cognitive analysis for the classification of human organ tumors", "Intelligent system for diagnosing early stages of chronic kidney disease", which can be downloaded right now from the website https ://www.patreon.com/user?u=87599532 Creator's title: «Lectures on Electronic Medicine». After subscribing to this site, you will receive databases for medical research to identify the diseases that you will read about in lectures. The acquired skills of working in the Aidos-x system will allow you to apply for grants to carry out scientific research in the field of medicine.

To subscribe to the site https://www.patreon.com/user?u=87599532 you do not need to go to the bank, but you can do it using the Pay Pal system. Send a transfer in your currencies, and the transfer to dollars will be done automatically. After subscribing on the site, you will receive the Aidos-x system with an English user interface for free.

Thank you.

Actually, there are many tools that you can develop the code. But when we talk about the CNN, it about the long journey of learning. It cannot get on the spot. Maybe you can read some intro what is machine learning, what is deep learning.

Thank You for an opinion!

Dear Asieh Daneshi ,

The Fourier Transform of an image can be decomposed in two components, its power spectrum (the square modulus of each Fourier coefficient), and the phase (the argument of each Fourier coefficient).

Regards,

Shafagat

I hope the following attachment helps you

I have the same feelings with you that coherence can be a better criterion for SSVEP decoding. Do you have any progress on the coherence bbased SSVEP decoding? Thanks.

You Welcome, Karim Bouhali

请你看看中国语言之中的修辞，回环、顶针……接龙，那些都是

I would suggest that you are probably using a poor method of fitting. Please look at the entries on the attached Google search. Good luck David Booth PS I note that R has procedures for doing this fit.

Thanks a lot Béatrice.

Dear Virendra Nath Rai

Thanks you

Arman Arefi a coherent, continous white light beam is pretty much a self-contradicting statement.

If light is coherent and white, it comes in pulses.

If light is coherent, but does not come in pulses, it is not white.

If light is white and does not come in pulses, it is not coherent.

Pick one.

Note that femtosecond lasers can often have high repetition rates - 70-80MHz, or in special cases even multi-GHz. For some applications, a source with this high repetition rate may work as a quasi-continous source. For others, of course, this may not be the case.

What quantum entanglement? considering that it is possible to identify (and distinguish!) between a mathematical (or spurious) entanglement and a physical entanglement. Identification of a mathematical entanglement (in a mathematical model) does not necessarily correspond to the existence of a corresponding physical entanglement (in a quantum system).

Throughout the entire path of the interferometer is light is a collimated plane wave. We can arbitrarily pick two basis polarizations. Let’s choose the two linear polarizations that are S and P at the mirrors of the interferometer. Any other arbitrary state can be described as a supposition of these two. Provided the sample itself is neither a retarder nor a polarizer, the two polarizations do not interfere with each other. Each polarization is effectively a completely independent MZ interferometer experiment. Either polarization produces the same interference pattern. Therefore any superposition of the two polarizations produces the same pattern.

A randomly polarized laser wanders in time over all possible linear combinations of the two polarizations. However, at any instant in time the polarization is well defined. The two paths arriving at the screen are from two slightly different moments in the lasers history depending on the difference in length of the two arms and the path length difference introduced by the sample. For the interferometer to work this path length difference must be less than the coherence length of the laser. It must also be small compared to how quickly the random polarization changes. However those two things are not independent. Since orthogonal polarizations do not interfere, the rate at which the polarization changes is part of what determines the coherence length.

So, basically, if the coherence length is long enough for the interferometer to work, then the polarization state is changing slowly enough to think of the interferometer as being in some particular polarization state at any moment. All superpositions of the eigenpolarizations produce the same interference pattern, so the interferometer works fine with randomly polarized light.

Now, if the sample is birefringent or polarizing, things get more interesting.

The incandescent light source is not considered a coherent source.

This source has a very short coherence time, and you cannot consider it a thermal light though.

another how it could HeNe laser and randomly polarized at the same time!

honestly, I cannot see how could please explain how it is a laser system and randomly polarized.

if you are going to use a thermal light the fringes will be washed-out.

You have to be carful with modelling coherent waves.. you need to begin with certain spectrum width at the start. It will ensure coherence parameters. starting with two or three coherent waves is not correct. there is always a spectrum of few contributing waves. the right way of modelling is spectrum and it’s width.

For the coherence time the laser’s frequency and phase are stable(ish). Interfering two snippets of the laser from different times, they may have different frequency and phase, but for a coherence time the frequency and phase of each is well defined and they will interfere producing a beat frequency. After a coherence time their phases or frequencies will have drifted enough that the beat frequency and phase drift. However, if the coherence time is longer than your detector bandwidth, you have already recorded the beats that happened during that coherence time. The beat frequency and phase will drift through all possible relations presented by the bandwidth of the laser, but it will all be recorded in the time record.

Many thanks, Abhinav Nag . I will try SPRKKR code

I would suggest using isce2 stack processing (https://github.com/isce-framework/isce2).

you may find the tutorials at https://github.com/isce-framework/isce2-docs.

بالتوفيق

Use the ' conv(A,B) ' in MATLAB to calculate the Cross-correlation. A and B are two different signals. Use the ' Y=fft(A,n) ' command to calculate the FFT of a signal. The A is the signal in the time-domain and the Y is the same signal in the frequency-domain. The n is the number of points we want to calculate the FFT.

Despite having the same roots of origin, namely quantum superposition, coherence and entanglement are conceptually different.

Dear Mohammad Razib Hossain

Wavelet Toolbox™ provides apps and functions for analyzing and synthesizing signals and images. You can detect events like anomalies, change points, and transients, and denoise and compress data. Wavelet and other multiscale techniques can be used to analyze data at different time and frequency resolutions and to decompose signals and images into their various components. You can use wavelet techniques to reduce dimensionality and extract discriminating features from signals and images to train machine and deep learning models

Regards,

Shafagat

Dear Raj Sunil Kandregula

Thank you very much for this interesting question. This indeed is a research question that can only be answered after thorough research. While I was searching for some answers, I came across the attached publication. I hope it provides some insights.

Thanks and regards

Gowhar Meraj

see

The Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) offers a free SAR processing service - Hybrid Pluggable Processing Pipeline (HyP3). HyP3 provides two types of data:

The quota is 250 tasks per month per user.

See: https://hyp3-docs.asf.alaska.edu/guides/insar_product_guide/

I agree with Pooja Singh.

check these articles:

hi,

The electrical parameter Resistance is the measurable quantity which undergoes changes as the ferrous particles of the coherer are exposed to the impinging electromagnetic field. Even though google may not show any particular details, one can just measure the DC resistance (DC circuit with an antenna) to detect RF signals using coherer. If you use metallic parabolic reflectors and place the coherer at its focal point, the signals will be highly concentrated on it. This will to see the changes in the resistance value relatively with an ease.

Regards

Dear Julius,

Thank you for your answer and for asking me to clarify my question.

First of all, my question refers to the work of family doctors. I am collecting arguments and literature references for updating a recommendation for action by the German Society for General and Family Medicine on the initial interview. The previous version contains the recommendation that in addition to the exploration of the general physical condition, any current complaints, existing risk factors and already manifested chronic diseases as well as the diseases that have already occurred in the family, the current life situation (work, family, housing, etc.) and central aspects of the biography should also be found out. This should be done in order to exclude foreseeable dangerous courses and to develop an overall understanding of the patient, which can guide the development of the relationship and the joint treatment. On the part of the group of authors, we argue that it is worth investing in the beginning - the initial interview - whereas many practitioners argue that in the course of long-term treatment, the relevant life-world-related and biographical data can gradually emerge (" lived anamnesis") or gradually be recovered. In Germany, a maximum of about 20 minutes is available for initial interviews, so the question is when it is "enough". In my experience, information is often collected whose meaning remains unclear from the patient's point of view - does "living in family" mean having social support? Or, in the given case, does it mean quite the opposite, that there is constant tension? Therefore, we thought that "the practitioner's feeling of having understood the patient as a whole person" could be a central criterion. It is clear that this feeling depends on experience and the like, but we assume that it also becomes action-guiding when the practitioner is not aware of it.

Apart from the breadth of possible problem situations, the time frame available for the conversation and the possible long-term relationship as special features of general practice, I think the question can be transferred to other situations.

What do you mean?

All the best

Ottomar

It is not that simple. The boundary is not always incoherent. If the microstructure contains Widmannstatten ferrite, then there is a coherent, or semicoherent boundary between this ferrite and austenite.

The nature of a boundary between phases, of which one is the result of a precipitation process, depends on several factors, primarily on the difference in the free formation energy of both phases, on the grain boundary energies and on the rate of movement of the respective grain boundaries of the precipitated phase.

These physical factors, in case of steel, depend on the composition (carbon content) and the cooling rate.

For a more comprehensive reply and understanding of the physical principles, I suggest to read the book: Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys, third edition, by D. Porter, K, Easterling and M. Sharif, CRC Press, especially page 299 onward.

Thanks Iftikhar Yasin for sharing the sample file. TI learned that some data may cause this problem. The wtc function uses another function arima which checks with both coefficients to be between -1 and 1 so that the process would be stationary. If not, it throws the error you are experiencing. This can be solved by using the argument method = "ML" in the arima function itself. The ML stands for maximum likelihood and it forces R to perform the task. For your convenience, I have modified the script and pushed it to my GitHub account. The following link provides a script that you can copy and paste into R for execution. Afterward, instead of wtc, use wtc_Modfd. You can leave the rest as it is. Please let me know if there is any difficulty. Thanks

# Use it as

wt1 = wtc_Modfd(t1, t2, nrands = nrands)

Thanks for your help!

Some of my intramuscular EMG data was 'not good' because the fine-wire slightly moves during muscle contraction. For subjects with more fat at their back, getting a nice recording will also be challenging.

Muhammad Usman thank you so much , files have been opened

Michel's last sentence is exactly what I'm referring to in my gas-tube HeNe example. Over the time duration of a single pulse, the light is temporally coherent; however, correlated pulse to pulse (depending on the pulse repetition frequency compared to the coherence time), the light is temporally incoherent.

What do you mean by reactor?

Coherent elastic scattering of what?

Neutrons and X-Rays undergo Bragg scattering in polycrystalline metals.

As you mention the behaviour is similar to a powder, because of low interaction of the radiation with the material.

Nicolò

Dear Prof. Saini!

You pointed to an important topic. I think that now during the COVID-19 pandemic online interactive online handouts with video short movies (cases) are the best way to adapt to circumstances (remote learning). Still this problem is a case - and context dependent one:

1) Lorico DS. Lapitan Jr et al. (2021). An effective blended online teaching and learning strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic, Education for Chemical Engineers, Volume 35, (2021), Free access: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7847201/pdf/main.pdf

2) A case-study: William Flynn et al. (2021).Delivering online alternatives to the anatomy laboratory: Early experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, Clinical Anatomy, Volume 34, Issue 5, January 2021, Free access: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ca.23722?af=R

3) Darius, P.S.H., Gundabattini, E. & Solomon, D.G. A Survey on the Effectiveness of Online Teaching–Learning Methods for University and College Students. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. B (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40031-021-00581-x Free access:

4) Kumar, P., Saxena, C. & Baber, H. Learner-content interaction in e-learning- the moderating role of perceived harm of COVID-19 in assessing the satisfaction of learners. Smart Learn. Environ. 8, 5 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-021-00149-8 Free access:

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

You can consider with discourse can increase the student motivation and activity to write their idea.

Well, I never heard of OCT until this minute, but a fiber rotator is generally for selecting the axis of polarization entering (exiting) a polarization maintaining (PM) fiber. A couple minutes with Google and I see polarization sensitive OCT is a thing, so I think that is the idea. If the light source is polarized, the scattering tissue can change the polarization. Different tissues give different polarization effects, so being able to change what polarization you are observing provides extra tissue differentiation and contrast.