Cognitive - Science topic

This is a forthcoming chapter on criminal sentencing for the second edition of the APA Handbook of Forensic Psychology. The chapter begins by describing the historical context, standards, goals, and significance of criminal sentencing in the United States (U.S.). In an effort to elucidate the key influences to and practices by which courts reach se...

We agree with Clapp and colleagues (2024) that the representational view of language presents an impoverished account of communicative speech acts. Empirical research shows how people's conceptual inferences and moral reactions to bioethical phenomena often respond to, or reflect, the socio-relational context of a decision among other potential bac...

Objective: This study aims to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between childhood trauma, risky alcohol and substance use, and sexual compulsions. Method: The research involved 303 participants from universities in Ankara. Data collection included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Sexual...

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Neurocognitive impairment is a significant yet often underappreciated complication in individuals co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sickle cell disease (SCD). This review explores the interplay between these two co...

It is known that early childhood is one of the most important periods for the development of children. In this period, it is very important to follow all developmental areas of children and to intervene early when a negative situation is noticed in terms of development. In this process, while the applications for children with typical development c...

tIntroduction. – Citizens turn away from public debates because they are skeptical about their real impact.At the same time, although they do not know how to go about it, they are expressing a strong demandfor participation. Compliance without pressure, and in particular Four Walls or Repeated Acquiescence(Cialdini and Sagarin, 2005), seem to be re...

Developmental lead (Pb) exposure results in a variety of cognitive deficits and behavioral issues including increased antisocial behavior and aggression. This study investigated the effect of developmental Pb exposure on aggression and violent behavior in male rats and the potential modulatory influences of quality of maternal care and enriched/non...

This chapter delves into the field of physical education and emphasizes the crucial role of innovative assessment techniques in promoting students' overall development. Traditional assessment methods often overlook the multifaceted nature of physical education, which encompasses not only physical performance, but also cognitive, affective, and soci...

The transformation of education in the digital era demands a more innovative and adaptive approach to deal with the ever-evolving global dynamics. Deep Learning comes as a learning paradigm that emphasizes active student involvement in a meaningful, reflective, and fun learning process. Not only oriented towards knowledge transfer, this approach al...

Social anxiety (SA) has become increasingly prevalent. Traditional coping strategies often face accessibility challenges. Generative AI (GenAI), known for their knowledgeable and conversational capabilities, are emerging as alternative tools for mental well-being. With the increased integration of GenAI, it is important to examine individuals' atti...

April 4th I will graduate with a dissertation titled: Triple X syndrome in adults: cognitive, psychiatric and neuroanatomical profile. Women normally have 2 X chromosomes. Women with triple X syndrome have 3 X chromosomes. And those women are less intelligent than would be expected based on family data. Furthermore, these women also have various ne...

This study has two objectives: to find out which cognitive diagnostic model (CDM) is suitable for extracting diagnostic information from non-diagnostic measurement data of Indonesian students' self-regulated learning abilities; and to find out the attributes of self-regulated learning (SRL) abilities that have not been mastered by Indonesian studen...

Background: Psychosis-proneness (PP) is identified as the subclinical aspect of the psychosis continuum. Previous research suggests that PP has multimodal substrates. However, no studies have explored these factors together in a comprehensive manner. In this study, we present the first model that simultaneously examines environmental influences on...

Metaphors are omnipresent. In literature, in everyday life, in antiquity as well as in modern times. But how can metaphors in texts be meaningfully classified? And if they can be classified, what is the payoff in terms of explanatory power? Previous typologies of metaphor have often been subjective (for instance the so-called bold metaphor) or have...

The research uses machine learning in teaching management to innovate the traditional teaching management system, builds a teaching management system based on machine learning, carries out character recognition in the teaching management system through the LR algorithm, and recognizes students’ expressions and behaviors in the classroom by using Al...

Japanese monster culture is an important part of Japanese folk beliefs. In this paper, we use a web crawler to collect data on audience online comments on Japanese monster culture, and preprocess the data by removing operations such as missing values and duplicate values. The features in the collected data are then extracted using the expected cros...

This paper explores cognitive development during the preschool years, emphasizing the significance of early experiences in shaping learning abilities. It examines key theories, including Piaget's stages of development and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, and discusses practical strategies for fostering cognitive growth in young children. Introducti...

The emergence of generative AI has led to the development of autonomous software agents capable of augmenting knowledge work in finance. Knowledge-intensive tasks in financial domains-such as investment analysis, risk assessment, fraud detection, and regulatory compliance-rely on human expertise in data interpretation, decision-making, and cognitiv...

Dunbar explains primates group cohesion through cognitive and structural mechanisms like grooming and social cognition. We extend this by highlighting collective social niche construction, where emergent social properties arise from feedback loops, selection pressures, and self-organisation. Adaptive social networks evolve through multilevel select...

Based on the principle of "antinomy," this study explores the application of phenomenology in the teaching mode of economics and management courses in higher vocational colleges. It elaborates on the basic concepts of the principle of "antinomy" and phenomenology and their applications in the field of education. The necessity of integrating phenome...

NPAS2 (Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 2) is a component of the core circadian clock and the coordinated activity between central brain and peripheral liver clock proteins postulated to be instrumental for linking behaviour and metabolism. We investigated a conditional liver-specific knockout mouse model (Npas2-/- or cKO) to explore its function in act...

Objectives Physical frailty is associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. However, its impact on sustained cognitive processing as evaluated by intraindividual variability (IIV), and factors beneficial to IIV in physically frail older adults remain unexplored. This study aimed to quantify differences in IIV between older adults with an...

Aging is a natural process in which physiologically functions decline. Overall, cognitive and functional aspects are intertwined, parameters such as decreased walking speed and impairment of subjective memory may represent health complications, such as motor cognitive risk syndrome. However, the literature lacks evidence on cognitive and functional...

Despite the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, its potential to enhance cognitive thinking skills—particularly logical thinking skills—among future informatics teachers remains underexplored. Addressing this gap, the present study examines the effectiveness of AI-based instruction in developing logical thinking and...

This article will introduce the definitions, merits, and demerits of the four prominent teaching and learning theories and their effects on developing learners' competency. Behaviorism, cognitive, mentalist, and monitoring are the most influential teaching and learning theories. The fundamental distinction between these theories relates to their in...

An interpretable machine learning (ML) framework is introduced to enhance the diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by ensuring robustness of the ML models’ interpretations. The dataset used comprises volumetric measurements from brain MRI and genetic data from healthy individuals and patients with MCI/AD, obtain...

Philosophers have suggested that plants are cognitive agents, sparking an intense debate across theoretical and empirical perspectives. Some critics argue that plants lack the necessary abilities to be cognitive and claim that “cognitive” is not literal in plant cognition. This paper does not assert that plants are cognitive agents but urges philos...

Dental anxiety often stems from fear of treatment, pain, uncertainty, and interactions with dental professionals. For children with developmental disorders, these challenges are compounded by motor, sensory, cognitive, and behavioral difficulties, making dental visits and oral hygiene routines more challenging. Traditional dental settings can be ov...

The purpose of this article is to encourage greater reflexivity among social innovation practitioners and researchers about the influence of unconscious biases and assumptions on addressing societal challenges. Drawing on previous research and insights gained from our 30 + years’ experience in practice, we present four archetypes of social innovati...

Dual task situations are very common in daily life. The cost of dual task conditions has been widely used by researchers and clinicians to categorize individuals, as indicators of decline in functional capacities of older persons or people with cognitive or motor disabilities. Moreover, the comparison between performances in single and dual task si...

Intrinsic neural timescales quantify how long a pattern of spontaneous neuronal activity persists, thereby capturing the dynamics of its endogenous fluctuations over time. We measured the intrinsic timescales of frontal eye field (FEF) neurons and examined their changes during posterior parietal cortex (PPC) inactivation. We observed two distinct c...

O envelhecimento é um processo natural em que, fisiologicamente, as funções começam a diminuir. De modo geral, aspectos cognitivos e funcionais relacionam-se entre si, e parâmetros como a diminuição na velocidade da marcha e queixa subjetiva de memória podem representar complicações de saúde, a exemplo da síndrome do risco cognitivo motor. Entretan...

As a social species, humans preferentially attend to the faces and bodies of other people. Previous research revealed specialized cognitive mechanisms for processing human faces and bodies. For example, upright person silhouettes are more readily found than inverted silhouettes in visual search tasks. It is unclear, however, whether these findings...

Lesson Study (LS) is increasingly being used as a vehicle for delivering curriculum reforms, counting on its potential for scaffolding joint professional learning and practice innovation among teachers. Few studies, however, have investigated the cognitive factors and processes that can affect teachers’ generative outcomes through LS. To address th...

Although studies have confirmed the role of vocabulary size and working memory capacity in increasing the level of phonological awareness in general, and reading skills in particular among school-age children, the field remains open to know the nature of the interaction between vocabulary knowledge and working memory, in addition to the role in inc...

Kindergarten teachers’ performance at work has important implications for the quality of early childhood education and the development of children. Therefore, promoting teachers’ work performance is of interest to kindergarten managers and policymakers. Evidence suggests that professional development opportunities may play an important role in unde...

The effectiveness of instructional design in shaping students' cognitive and affective performance remains a critical concern in Home Economics education. This study examined the impact of behaviorist, cognitivist, and constructivist instructional designs on the cognitive and affective performance of junior secondary school students in Benin Metrop...

In this paper, we make an attempt to identify, mark and analyse those linguistic expressions (including both single and multiword units) that have temporal implications in Bengali. We also try to investigate how these expressions are used in Bengali to serve the purposes of referring to time and time-induced aspects of events, situations, contexts...

Lexical retrieval difficulty is a common daily complaint among older adults. Recent evidence suggests that older adults name motor-related nouns (e.g., knife) more accurately than non-motor nouns (e.g., steak). However, it remains unclear whether this motor-relatedness effect can reduce older adults’ object naming latency (a potentially more sensit...

Diagnostic labels aim to classify individuals for treatment in clinical settings. Yet, relatively little attention has been paid to the troubling messaging when a diagnostic label itself carries severe stigma and how relevant stakeholders react to it. Based on twenty-month fieldwork in Shanghai, this article analyzes the adverse effects of the diag...

Based on the person-affect-cognition-execution theory, this research examines how generative artificial intelligence anxiety and fear of missing out contribute to problematic ChatGPT use. The study also tests whether the need for cognitive closure influences those two factors’ impacts on problematic ChatGPT use. With a total of 257 valid samples, d...

The present study aimed to contribute to the field of research by evaluating the effectiveness of the Listen and Draw strategy as a pedagogical practice to improve listening skills in eighth-grade students at a public school in La Troncal, Cañar, Ecuador. A quantitative approach was used, with a pre-experimental pretest/posttest design in a single...

This study examines the effect of website-based learning media on students' cognitive learning outcomes in class X Biology subjects. Using a quantitative research design with the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design model, this study involved 72 SMA Negeri 10 South Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia students, who were divided into experimental a...

Fear can be induced either directly through self-experience of aversive events or vicariously by observing conspecifics experiencing such events. The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NA) system is crucial in fear responses and cognitive processes. We investigated whether the LC-NA system differentially processes these two types of fear, direct an...

提 要：这篇文章主要介绍怎样做21 世纪的田野调查和语言记录描写，是基于作者的经验之谈，以及在田野调查 中遇到的问题及其解决办法。本文所提出的建议包括：调查的时候应该尽量在使用目的语的社群中，选择沉浸式“参 与观察者”（participant observer）的方式来收集自然语料（母语调查者同样要收集自然语料）；转写工作也最好在 当地进行；最好先做社会语言学调查；调查和分析时要基于目的语母语者的认知范畴；应该使用归纳法来分析所搜 集的自然语料。 关键词：语言学田野调查 语言类型学 人类语言学 功能语言学 Fieldwork in the 21st Century—Based on Natural Language Data, Induction and Cognitive Categor...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with only motor impairment (ALS-pure motor) and the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) are hypothesized to represent extreme ends of a disease-spectrum which encompasses ALS with cognitive/behavioural impairment (ALSci/bi). In this longitudinal magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, we investigat...

We characterize the class of quantum measurements that matches the applications of quantum theory to cognition (and decision making) - quantum-like modeling. Projective measurements describe the canonical measurements of the basic observables of quantum physics. However, the combinations of the basic cognitive effects, such as the question order an...

Filtering is a cognitive mechanism that regulates how information is encoded into working memory. It minimizes the retention of irrelevant information while facilitating the maintenance of task-relevant information. While prior studies have examined the filtering of task-irrelevant distractors, it remains unclear whether information that needs to b...

fMRI studies typically explore changes in the BOLD signal underlying discrete cognitive processes that occur over milliseconds to a few seconds. However, autobiographical cognition is a protracted process and requires fMRI tasks with longer trials to capture the temporal dynamics of the underlying brain networks. In the current study, we provided a...

Trust is a multidimensional and dynamic social and cognitive construct, considered the glue of society. Gauging someone’s perceived trustworthiness is essential for forming and maintaining healthy relationships across various domains. Humans have become adept at inferring such traits from speech for survival and sustainability. This skill has exten...

In recent years, the emphasis on computational thinking (CT) has intensified as an effect of accelerated digitalisation. While most researchers are concentrating on defining CT and developing tools for its instruction and assessment, we focus on the characteristics of computational thinking problems (CTPs)- activities requiring CT to be solved-and...

It is obvious that the forest ecosystem is the main topic of environmental issues for the world community, requiring high scientific and professional competencies and skills for effective solutions. Scientific competencies are especially required from specialists for whom forestry is interpreted through professional orientation and affiliation. The...

While the connection between baptism and creedal formulas has long been recognized, it was Hans Lietzmann who suggested that "the root of all creeds is the formula of belief pronounced by the baptizand, or pronounced in his hearing and assented to by him, before his baptism." More recently, Wolfram Kinzig argued that during the first three centurie...

Environmental radiation poses health risks to the central nervous system (CNS) as well as the internal organs. While the technology for managing radiation has improved, the effects of low-dose radiation in the long term are still considered as a health-related risky factor. The clinical and space radiation studies suggested cognitive threat from pr...

This paper explores whether extraterrestrial or other forms of cognition and morality that are unobservable and incomprehensible to humans constitute an existential risk (X-risk) or an existential opportunity (X-opportunity) for humanity. It is being argued that the human epistemological apparatus is fundamentally limited, rendering certain forms o...

this research aims to reveal students' cognitive abilities and collaboration skills by studying marine macroinvertebrates at Bama Beach, Baluran National Park, using the RCCDE learning model. The type of research is quasi-experimental, one group design. The independent variable of this research is the RCCDE learning model, and the dependent variabl...

Behavioral research has shown that inconsistency in spelling-to-sound mappings slows visual word recognition and word naming. However, the time course of this effect remains underexplored. To address this, we asked skilled adult readers to perform a 1-back repetition detection task that did not explicitly involve phonological coding, in which we ma...

Bilingual speakers are prompted to remain in a single language, switch between languages, or codeswitch by regulating the concurrent activation of their language systems and adapting to the demands of the communicative context. Unlike studies that compare language switching in bilinguals in distinct interactional and geographical contexts, this stu...

This study employs the self-referential paradigm to investigate the cognitive and emotional similarities and differences in processing individual self and collective self among Chinese participants from two perspectives: first-person (Experiment 1) and third-person (Experiment 2). The results from both experiments revealed that, in terms of trait a...

The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model capable of correctly displaying the dynamics of an individual’s cognitive activity under conditions of external information influence of different modalities. The adequacy of the model is verified by comparing the results of numerical analysis and experimental data. The mathematical bas...

This study aimed to develop an augmented reality (AR) application by integrating the cognitive conflict-based learning (CCBL) model to enhance students’ scientific literacy in a dynamic fluid material. The study followed a design or development framework utilizing the Plomp model stages, including design, validity, practicality, and effectiveness t...

This study aims to improve the effectiveness and outcomes of youth football training by utilizing advanced deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Firstly, the relevant dimensions of deep learning and key training techniques of deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are analyzed. Secondly, a key point detection mode...

This Chapter considers the question of how the Learning Sciences can help university educators develop teaching practices that can enable all students across increasingly diverse cohorts to become agentic learners and world-makers. It defines theory as a vehicle for questioning present practices and imagining alternative worlds; building on Cultura...

This essay critically examines the transhumanist vision of Yuval Noah Harari, focusing on its underlying mythological and utopian elements. Harari’s portrayal of humanity’s future is analyzed through the lens of myth, as it replaces one set of beliefs with another, and it is viewed as utopian, since it aims to radically transform human nature and m...

Researchers carried out this research with the aim of describing the application of cognitive learning theory to develop the character of elementary school students in the critical reasoning dimension by using the Quizizz application in Indonesian language lessons. The method used is a qualitative method using a questionnaire. The research was carr...

Julia Czapla’s monograph analyzes the role of animal illustrations in early modern natural history between 1530 and 1630. It explores how illustrations became not only research materials but also cognitive tools and a means of publishing findings on fauna. The study traces the evolution of animal depictions, from schematic illustrations inspired by...

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of progressive conditions characterized by the dysfunction and death of neurons, leading to cognitive and motor impairments. A key process in the pathogenesis of these diseases is neuronal apoptosis, which is regulated by a complex array of molecular pathways. This paper provides an overview of the intrinsic a...

The brain's capacity to rearrange itself by creating new synaptic connections, or neuroplasticity, has become an important idea in the study and treatment of mental health conditions. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the therapeutic uses of neuroplasticity in mental health interventions. It does this by summarizing the availa...

We present "Bot Wars," a framework using Large Language Models (LLMs) scam-baiters to counter phone scams through simulated adversarial dialogues. Our key contribution is a formal foundation for strategy emergence through chain-of-thought reasoning without explicit optimization. Through a novel two-layer prompt architecture, our framework enables L...

In two studies (total N = 710), we investigate the relationship between polyculturalism, cognitive flexibility, and sexual prejudice in Macau Chinese. Polyculturalism, the lay belief that cultures are connected and mutually influencing each other, has been previously shown to be associated with lower sexual prejudice. There is also some evidence th...

Background Post-marketing regulatory data suggest a potential association between atorvastatin use and memory protection; however, findings from observational studies have been inconsistent and remain a subject of controversy. Objective This study aims to investigate the correlation between atorvastatin exposure and subjective memory deficits, wit...

Background/Objectives: Aging is associated with a progressive decline in biological function due to a complex interplay of physical, psychological, and social factors. This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of a functional health education program on functional capacity in older adults. Methods: Twenty participants (mean age...

The literature suggests that product and product-service system (PSS) design problems are characteristically different. However, there is limited empirical evidence to suggest that the design cognition specific to the respective design activities is different. This article reports the findings of a comparative study of protocols of conceptual produ...

Cognitive learning outcomes (CLO) are the most important part of learning. CLO the basis of students' understanding for further learning. CLO play an important role in students' readiness to face the real world. Therefore, CLO needs to be facilitated in learning. CLO is related to the problem-solving process. This study aims to produce a problem-so...

Impulsivity, cognitive arousal, and sleep quality are critical factors affecting college students’ well-being and academic performance. While impulsivity negatively influences sleep quality, the mediating role of cognitive arousal remains underexplored. The present study assesses how impulsivity affects sleep quality through cognitive arousal. Spec...

Understanding cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying quantity processing is crucial for unraveling human cognition. The existence of a single magnitude system, encompassing non-symbolic number estimation alongside other magnitudes like time and space, is still highly debated since clear evidence is limited. Recent research examined whether spat...

The insidious fallouts of online health misinformation highlight the need to explore effective strategies to correct it. Although incidental information exposure has become increasingly prevalent, how it may be associated with misinformation correction intention remains hazy. Drawing upon the Cognitive Mediation Model (CMM) and misinformation corre...

We discuss the influence of linguistic metaphors on understanding genetic information processing and reveal the semantic roots and heuristic value of metaphors related to the genetic reading. They are derived from the equa tion of life with a book; thus, genetic information processing is understood as some operations on text. Some essential gene...

In Recent Years, Digital Technologies Have Made Significant Strides In Augmenting-Human-Health, Cognition, And Perception, Particularly Within The Field Of Computational-Pathology. This Paper Presents A Novel Approach To Enhancing The Analysis Of Histopathology Images By Leveraging A Mult-modal-Model That Combines Vision Transformers (Vit) With Gpt...

This research aimed to analyze the effect of final exams on the development of sixth graders in primary school. The ex post facto method was employed in this research to identify and analyze the causal relationship between final exams and various aspects of student development. The researchers purposively sampled, considering student characteristic...

Optronic is collaborating with Gable to employ Apollo robots in their mass production. The main goal is to create humanoid robots that are economically feasible and accessible to everyone, thus encouraging extensive use and integration into various industries and applications. Through the backing and cooperation of Google, we hope to make these rob...

Wordless picturebooks (thereafter WPs) have recently received increased attention due to their unique teaching affordances. The article examines teachers’ views and reported practices in relation to WPs in Cyprus. A questionnaire was administered to 58 teachers, teaching ages 4–12, with no prior professional training in using WPs. Quantitative and...

This study investigates lecturer satisfaction with Learning Management Systems (LMS) in private universities in Myanmar, a context where digital learning adoption is relatively recent. This study employs the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model as a theoretical framework, examining how external stimuli (system quality, information quality, self...

This is a brief conceptual analysis of the limitations of scientific empiricism, which I have attempted to convey without relying too much on the scientific or philosophical jargon commonly used by experts—though I acknowledge the fact that ‘the truth’, as Oscar Wilde once said, ‘is rarely pure and never simple’. A while back, a psychic experiencer...

Cancer-related cognitive decline refers to a deterioration in cognitive function affecting adults with cancer at any stage of their cancer journey. Older adults are at increased risk of cognitive decline. As the indications for immune checkpoint inhibitors expand in the treatment of cancer, understanding the potential complicating cognitive issues...

Introduction: Elderly patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) face intense symptoms, associated with increasedmortality and physical, psychological, and cognitive sequelae. Prognostic factors, such as advanced age and time on mechanical ventilation play a crucial role in this challenging scenario. Objectives: To assess the impact and degre...

Cognitive Engagement and Knowledge Retention: Examining the Effectiveness of Facebook Groups as a Supplementary Learning Tool for Quantitative Research Among 12th Grade Students In the digital age, social media platforms have emerged as potential educational tools that can enhance cognitive engagement and knowledge retention. This study investigate...

In the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, primary appraisal of stress is considered a cognitive process. Current neuroscience research indicates, however, that our initial awareness of whether something is good, bad, or neutral, is a predominantly affective process, with our core affect being a representation of how the body evaluates life s...

Cognitive Readiness (CR) is a critical competency for military personnel, enabling them to respond effectively to complex and unpredictable operational environments. This quantitative study investigates the effect of training transfer on CR development, specifically examining how the Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSA) acquired during military t...

The aim of this paper is first to characterize the cognitive dimensions of the firm. This is done by successively considering the processes of l self-organization, routinization, learning and inscription in history. In a second stage, the evolutionary approach to the firm is approached from the point of view of questions of coordination and change....

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to intentionally harming one’s own body tissue without intending to die or cause injury to others. Common forms of NSSI include cutting, burning, scratching, hitting oneself, and pulling out hair. There are various etiology for NSSI behaviour, which ranges from that of emotional dysregulation to those of cogni...

Decision-making, defined as a cognitive process involving the selection of a course of action among several alternatives, is pivotal in personal and professional life and is founded on responsiveness to the context of decisional strategies—in terms of pieces of contextual features collected, evaluated, and integrated. This study explored the behavi...

This study investigates the impact of combined special education and occupational therapy intervention on cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s patients. Specifically, it evaluates changes measured by the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE-R) after six months compared to a control group receiving standard care. A longitudinal, controlled experim...

In this paper, we address the challenging task of multimodal mathematical reasoning by incorporating the ability of "slow thinking" into multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Our core idea is that different levels of reasoning abilities can be combined dynamically to tackle questions with different complexity. To this end, we propose a paradigm...

This study mainly intended to examine whether the objective motor and visuospatial measures assessed in school-aged children predicted the evaluations expressed by their teachers. Moreover, it was investigated whether the pupils identified by their teachers as those with the poorest vi-suospatial skills also exhibited the worst performance in an in...

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