Cognitive Science - Science topic

Our paper shows hos crises impacts the outcome of surgery for hysterectomy. It is here on RG:

Dear Génesis Aranza Galindo-Siller,

Thank you for your diligence and efforts in resolving this issue.

I hope that your peers will help me clarify my questions.

Sincerely,

Public health campaigns often struggle to achieve lasting impact. Cognitive science offers valuable tools to bridge this gap. By understanding how people think and make decisions, public health professionals can craft more effective campaigns. This includes addressing cognitive biases that lead to unhealthy choices, grabbing attention with vivid visuals and compelling narratives, and framing messages in a way that resonates with the target audience. Highlighting the social aspects of healthy behaviors and making healthy choices convenient and appealing are also crucial aspects. By incorporating these insights, public health campaigns can move beyond simply raising awareness and truly promote positive health behaviors within a community.

I think both approaches are flawed because they start from an assumption that human behaviour is either rational or irrational. The truth of the matter is, as the article points out, that we're all a mixture of both. That being the case and with the the concept of normative itself being a variable, differing by influences of society, culture, education etc. then starting from either binary positions is going to have flawed modelling.

With typical behaviour modeled on repeatable conditions, they both have value, but for predicting behaviour in completely new situations, such as a global pandemic, they are simply too fixed. It's not 'either, all' it's 'either, or, if, else, and when' and starting from a position which balances the rational and irrational, rather than the idea of perfectly being one or the other.

Hello Michelle! I'm from Ukraine. I am engaged in the development of socio-psychological technologies in the field of management. If you are interested in my approaches, we can discuss this in more detail: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anatoliy-Ovcharov/research

In our group we have developed an algorithm for evaluating job applicants for HR companies based on a matrix of mutual influence, when qualitative assessments are translated into quantitative ones and the weights of various indicators that can characterize a person are determined: such as cognitive abilities, business qualities, personal qualities, organizational abilities, inhibition or motivation factors. This creates a metric for evaluating job applicants. Further, based on the testing of applicants and using the found weights, the integral index of the applicant is calculated, which can serve as a reliable criterion for the selection of applicants in HR companies. The resulting metric can be effectively used to write verbal portraits of applicants using GPT-chat. As a result, the combination of mathematical modeling methods with existing tools of AI makes it possible to automate work in HR companies as much as possible. In addition, the obtained metrics and tests allow you to make career forecasts for job applicants in a particular company, if the competence matrices of these companies are set.

Greetings Melody,

I would use an environment manager, such as Anaconda (which runs the open-source Conda engine under the hood). Unlike closed-source software computer languages (e.g., MATLAB), Python is maintained primarily by the community. That means that all of the language's packages/libraries/dependencies are constantly changing and being updated and, therefore, not always compatible with each other. Python environment managers make sure that all packages can operate with each other.

So, I suggest downloading Anaconda, installing it, and opening the Anaconda Navigator application. It will open in the "base" environment. Press the "Environment" tab on the left and then press the "Create" button from the bottom (it is recommended to create a new environment and not use the "base" environment for coding). You will be prompted to choose the version of Python that the environment will use and to give the environment a name. I suggest choosing the latest version (3.11). Anaconda will now create a new environment.

Go back to the "Home" tab. Make sure that the new environment's name is selected on the dropdown menu from the top next to "on". You will see several icons of popular Python data analysis packages. Among them, you will see "Jupyter Lab". Press "Install". Anaconda will install all the required dependencies. After that, you can press "Launch" next to Jupyter Lab's icon and it will launch on you browser.

Enjoy,

Eli

Representations are the less explored area in Cognitive Science considering restoring and recalling the process. We remember much better when we know where to use the restored knowledge. Going one step further, 9or inner) we remember better if we understand the content of our restored information in memory. A second idea "is incubation". How much energy do we save for the process of incubation before resolving a problem? A third idea is an "insight" considering the process of learning a problem. And finally, cognitive/mental barriers, mental consolidation, and functional habits prevent new knowledge or the transformation of previous knowledge. All the above ideas are based on representations and how they are categorized or organized as verbal, pictorial, or abstract information.

Human evolution is shown in the cyclical nature of the mazzaroth.

yes I would like to cooperate with you

this is my number:09134280680

Language remains the birth child of every children of the universe .We all know that at the birth time of every child which occurs the sound resembling the sound of the arrival creating the sound calling the problems of new arrival .Every human beings irrespective , caste , creed & religion are social animals sitting the company of their society & culture & with growth of every human beings language comes automatically in their ear & mind . It is naturally that every human beings take the meaning of understand with the language .

This is my personal opinion

Hi,

Here are a few references which could be of help to you:

Parkinson P. Gender dysphoria and the controversy over the Safe Schools program. Sex Health. 2017 Oct;14(5):417-422. doi: 10.1071/SH17014.

Haley SG, Tordoff DM, Kantor AZ, Crouch JM, Ahrens KR. Sex Education for Transgender and Non-Binary Youth: Previous Experiences and Recommended Content. J Sex Med. 2019 Nov;16(11):1834-1848. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.08.009

Butler G, De Graaf N, Wren B, Carmichael P. Assessment and support of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria. Arch Dis Child. 2018 Jul;103(7):631-636. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-314992

Stynes H, Lane C, Pearson B, Wright T, Ranieri V, Masic U, Kennedy E. Gender identity development in children and young people: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021 Jul;26(3):706-719. doi: 10.1177/13591045211002620

Helyar S, Jackson L, Patrick L, Hill A, Ion R. Gender Dysphoria in children and young people: The implications for clinical staff of the Bell V's Tavistock Judicial Review and Appeal Ruling. J Clin Nurs. 2022 May;31(9-10):e11-e13. doi: 10.1111/jocn.16164

Lopez X, Stewart S, Jacobson-Dickman E. Approach to Children and Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria. Pediatr Rev. 2016 Mar;37(3):89-96; quiz 97-8. doi: 10.1542/pir.2015-0032

Aitken M, VanderLaan DP, Wasserman L, Stojanovski S, Zucker KJ. Self-Harm and Suicidality in Children Referred for Gender Dysphoria. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 Jun;55(6):513-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.04.001

Sievert ED, Schweizer K, Barkmann C, Fahrenkrug S, Becker-Hebly I. Not social transition status, but peer relations and family functioning predict psychological functioning in a German clinical sample of children with Gender Dysphoria. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021 Jan;26(1):79-95. doi: 10.1177/1359104520964530

Reilly M, Desousa V, Garza-Flores A, Perrin EC. Young Children With Gender Nonconforming Behaviors and Preferences. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2019 Jan;40(1):60-71. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000612

I think you have answered your question: "It should be noted that when I plot the data, very very few participants chose yes in response to the neutral and positive images. Almost all yes responses were given in response to the negative images."

This is what you'd expect even in a simple 2x2 design. If the probability of a yes response in the positive condition is very high and the probability very low in the negative condition then the OR could be high as its the ratio of a big probability to a very low one.

This isn't unnatural unless the raw probabilities don't reflect this pattern. (There might still be issues but not from what you described).

Hi

Also, kindly check:

The official definition states that functionalism is a theory that views society as both orderly and stable whilst being rather complex by design.. It is has myriad interconnected structures and functions.The various parts combine and work together to provide stability in society - structural functionalism. Hope this helps? :) see: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5AwaFsp5Os

Sergii Boltivets Το γνωρίζω ήδη από τις πληροφορίες στη σελίδα σας. Μού κάνει εντύπωση που η Ελληνική είναι τόσο διαδεδομένη στην Ουκρανία. Στην Αυστραλία τη μιλούν μόνο οι Ελληνοαυστραλοί (ώς ένα βαθμό). Ευχαριστώ και πάλι.

Dear Sven Beecken

I'm sorry I can't say anything about Chomsky's claims, but I'd like to try to add a few things to the discussion. Frege did not establish that words correspond to things but that it is possible to differentiate, within the meaning, between sense and reference; that is, "the morning star" and "the evening star" are two expressions that have different meanings (for example, because one alludes to morning situations and the other does not) but name, designate or refer to the same object or referent (the planet Venus). It must be said, however, that in order to metalinguistically affirm that these two expressions designate the same object, it is necessary to assume an ontology according to which what is seen in the morning and in the afternoon is the same thing; that is, when Cicero wrote De natura deorum, alluding to the morning star (Phosphorus, Lucero or Lucifer) and the evening star (Vesperus or Hespero) as two different entities, the Fregean distinction could have been made but not with these examples. What Tarski does - which to me has little to do with this semantic distinction - is to provide a criterion for any definition of truth in the "material" correspondence sense (in the sense of correspondence to extralinguistic reality), using a formula for expressions different level linguistic sentences (for a metalinguistic sentence and an object sentence): "X is true if and only if p", which is typically exemplified by the famous sentence "'Snow is white' is a true sentence if and only if snow is white". However, in the text itself, where he states that "truth" is a semantic term, he refers to "the truth" as if it were some kind of substance or entity and -fundamentally- as if it were the same as speaking of a term or a definition, which in my opinion rather obscures his claims. But, furthermore, since it can also be said " 'Nothing nothings' is a true sentence if and only if nothing nothings", it seems to me that the formula has much the aspect of a circular or tautological logical device and that, most importantly, which is to explain why a "material" sentence is true and what exactly it means to correspond to a fact precisely remains unexplained.

Also -and despite Chomsky's affirmations-, one must not confuse the thesis that natural language has no reference with the one that it does not describe in the material sense (that it does not describe facts that actually exist), because these affirmations are not equivalents. To speak of reference is to speak of language, and only of language. It can be said that a term or a sentence refers and that does not commit one to the affirmation that this referent exists beyond language, that it can be sustained or not. On the other hand, when it is affirmed that a thing exists or that an event occurs, we are not talking about language, but about a part of the extralinguistic reality that is assumed to exist. For example, and given the Fregean distinction, it can be said that the phlogiston theory refers, because the phlogiston theory is language and the reference is a semantic relation: the phlogiston is the object to which it alludes (its referent), and that in her the term "phlogiston" has a certain meaning, and to say at the same time that her affirmations do not describe any fact or any entity of the world (that phlogiston does not exist), and in the first case, from our metalanguage something is affirmed about a language object (the phlogiston theory) but when it is said that there is no entity in the world that is phlogiston, one is not talking about language and, therefore, nothing is being said about semantic relations. Now, the thesis that natural language does not have a descriptive function, or does not describe extralinguistic facts or entities and properties, has been confuted in various ways, fundamentally assuming different assumptions about its nature, for example, by pragmatist, neopragmatist arguments, by those who maintain that languages ​​are acts or actions, etc. In an article on the beginnings of the Vienna Circle, Carl Hempel says that the thesis that there could be a correspondence between language and facts was already rejected because they were things of a different nature between which there was an "abyss". Perhaps a quick way to express it is to say that there will always be an insurmountable metaphysical difference between the word table, with its meaning, and table, and for some authors that means that "correspondence" is impossible. If you want to complicate things further, a Kantian or neo-Kantian might say that correspondence with facts is impossible because at best there may be a correspondence with what appears to us as facts in the mind.

If we are talking about language, reference and correspondence with facts, it can be problematic to offer arguments that speak of perceptions or words as mental states, since there are several arguments that have opposed the thesis of the mental or internal nature of language natural, from the sciences considering that it is a system of (physical) signs that responds to certain rules and is intended for communication between speakers, and from philosophy authors such as Reichenbach or Carnap have considered that it is not mental, and even Karl Popper has been emphatic about it, considering that it is abstract in nature. Another way of understanding it is by thinking that natural language is a collective evolutionary product of a species of animals, that words and meanings existed before any of us, that we have simply learned to reproduce it in consciousness and use it. That is, is this a philosophy of language debate or a philosophy of mind debate? Thank you.

Law is a set of legal rules that regulate the life of society

Lets collaborate.

I have a newer discussion/thread. If interested then we can discuss it there.

We will have more possibilities to detect, diagnose, treat and heal adult cognitive disorders via digital technology, in terms of patient-centered health hare and self-help.

Thank you everyone. I am now planning to not transform the data, but instead use bootstrapping when running regression and correlational analysis. So I think I am okay. My concern had been that the data was not meeting the assumptions of normality. However, the sample is quite large (at least for a small psychology study) n = 75, so I think it will be okay for the current scope. The data was generated from an experiment that looked at participant's estimations of numbers randomly sampled from a Gaussian distribution, with a set variance and mean. The experiment measured participant's ability to predict the mean of this distribution, by measuring their predictions of numbers outputted across trials (from the computer sampling this distribution). Specifically, it measured the variance between participant's guess of the next number and the actual mean of the distribution which the number were sampled from (by the computer). I'm going to be seeing if participant's performance scores correlate under different conditions, and am also proposing in my research to run a future analysis to see if these scores predict some educational measures (i.e., using hierarchal regression). David Eugene Booth , you make a good question. Mauricio López-Espejo I'm not entirely sure the data represents a normal Gaussian distribution, but my analysis will now make this assumption. John A Heathcote , warning noted! Ette Etuk log 10 transformation = log 10 transformation? Guy Mélard, hope the above clarifies somewhat. Rui de Almeida, I think I follow what you mean, i.e., log 10 simply rescales the Y, but I'm not sure it quite fits with the current issue (that I likely didn't explain clearly). Thank you all again!

We did not patch it, indeed. We still use that previous version of Windows 10 (1607) when needed.

Alkan Soyak

thank you for the reference on Dosi's papers.

I quickly went over the list of papers. First, I was astonished that he publish so many papers although many of recent papers seems to be led by his collaborators.

A paper seemed particularly interesting for me, because I am working on how technological change induces economic growth. It is

Carolina Castaldi and Giovanni Dosi (2008) Technical Change and Economic Growth: Some Lessons from Secular Patterns and Some Conjectures on the Current Impact of ICT Technologies.

Section 2 has a title: 2 A telegraphic summary of the results stemming from the

efforts aimed at opening up the ``black box" of technological

activities. I expected much what was done since Nathan Rosenberg's book: Inside the Black Box (1982). I expected some concrete analysis was made, which escaped my watch. The result was somewhat disappointing, because the section only dealt with technological learning. There was no comment on how the technological knowledge is structured. (This may be inevitable, because the paper is focused in the impact of ICT technologies. What I )want is rather a general framework of technology which may contribute to the development of economics evolutionary change.)

Do you know some other papers which are relevant for Norio Tokumaru 's question of how routines and cognitive activities are related?

Please also see my recent question:

Do you know any papers that are related to the nature of technology?

EEG has a poor spatial resolutions, therefor you won't be able to "see" which regions are activated. You will get an approximate localization and summation of brain waves over a big area. If you require subjects to produce speech/ creative conversation you will get many muscle artifacts that will interfere with your data and you will have to remove them later on. As creativity is such a broad skill that relies on many brain areas working simultaneously, it will be hard to disentangle specific patterns of neural activity. I suggest you narrow your research topic and look into the applications of EEG and where it is best used. I hope that was helpful. :)

Define what you mean by "artificial intelligence." If you mean the black box approaches to maximize prediction, obviously not, if you mean "strong AI" then it depends who you are taking with and what they are trying to achieve. Also depends a bit on what you mean by cognitive, psychological foundations, etc. I recommend re-writing your question making clear what you mean.

I think that you would be better off looking at Freud's and Lacan's theory of the ego first, followed by attribution theory in social psychology and the literature on body image. Freud's and Lacan's theory of the self as illusory and the self image is of a piece with the Bhuddist theory 'anatman'.

Try the Crawford-Howell test

It has no scientific credence. Your results may be optimum for the data you have but will not generalize.

There were a number of papers in the 1960s that showed that you could derive perfect models ( R-squared of 100%) from pure random noise. You have clearly used some method in going from 200 to 6/7 variables and if that involves some badness of fit it will undoubtedly capitalise on chance results. You need some form of cross validation built into the process, so that you see how well the candidate model does with data that has been (randomly) admitted.

This is a useful piece - I would start all over again

https://towardsdatascience.com/stopping-stepwise-why-stepwise-selection-is-bad-and-what-you-should-use-instead-90818b3f52df

Dear Patrick,

We have developed Cognitive Human-Machine Systems (CHMS) for advanced aerospace and defence applications, including Avionics/Mission Systems, Air Traffic Management and One-to-Many UAS operations.

Our systems implement adaptive Human-Machine Interfaces and Interactions (HMI2) relying on real-time measurement of neuro-physiological parameters (EEG/fNIR, eye tracking, hart rate, respiration, perspiration, voice patterns and facial expression), processed by a neuro-fuzzy inference engine. This approach drives adaptation in CHMS both in terms of HMI2 and automation levels, creating a pathway to trusted autonomous operations.

Various research projects have been undertaken by my research group (over the past 5 years) in collaboration with Thales Australia, Norrhrop Grumman US and the Australian DoD (Defence Science and Stechnology Group). You may wish to check my RG repository to download our publications.

Please let me know if you require any additional information.

Kind regards,

Rob

Thanks Usman Rashid Jimmy Y. Zhong Daniel Wright . I will try to follow your valuable expert suggestion

Following article might help you

Language acquisition is a multi-factorial, multi-dimensional and multi-stratal phenomenon. If you focus on one aspect, the approach is at the expense of excluding other aspects. A big question as is asked entails a vast reply, the whole scholars in the universe are trying to answer just a portion of what is considered as the most complicated faculty of human species_language. Don't dismay. Btw, plasticity is sth that belongs to pre-puberty. After puberty it is claimed that the plasticity vanishes. Man is stuck in a hard shell rather than a flexible all-absorbing ability. They can master lexico-grammar and also discoursal aspects yet for people after puberty acquiring native-like pronunciation is claimed to be very hard, out of reach or impossible. Notions and factors such as the individual psychology, neurology, physiology, internal motivation; social , cultural, historical factors; power distribution; class, age, gender, ethnicity; natural vs classroom environment, authenticity real life example vs artificial classroom exposure, learning styles and learning strategies; input, intake, and output and still a longer list of factors all have an impact on SLA. We are all on the route to know just part of the system or mechanism , yet there is no conclusive answer. We can easily pose a very short question such as "What is the treatment for cancer?" but the answer is neither conclusive, nor utterable. It involves a huge pile of information concerning numerous factors inspected through various perspectives, "signifying nothing." Yet, as human beings we try to quench our curiosity. In this activity, we are fortunate enough to have a collective curiosity; that is, all the thinkers in applied linguistics collectively try to find a way to better understand SLA. From antiquity, Plato, and Aristotle , to F Saussure, Chomsky, Hymes, Halliday, Gass, Ellis, and many other important scholars they have tried to grasp some aspect of SLA and expand human knowledge on the quest for language learning /acquisition. ... you see, this is not yet finished.

Best wishes. Dr Babak Majidzadeh (PhD)

Andrea,

if your stimuli are relatively simple shapes (letters of the alphabet, geometric shapes like circles, triangles...) control of brightness and contrast is fairly straightforward. Here are the steps:

1) use a photometer to measure the Luminance of 20 or so RGB combinations ranging from say 35, 45 up to 255, in increments of 10. Because your stimuli are BW, your RGB combinations would then be 1) R=G=B=35, 2) R=G=B=45, 3) R=G=B=55, ....23) R=G=B=255

2) statistically model your photometric data with a nonlinear function (exponential functions work well) -- you should get a highly predictive functional fit (Rsq > .9).

3) with this function, you can design the RGB values of your stimuli and stimuli-backgrounds to achieve whatever luminance contrast and brightness (luminance) values you desire.

That's it! -- but here are a few fine points to consider:

a) if your stimuli are complex images with fine detail -- e.g., a BW image of a natural scene or a persons face, then brightness and contrast will vary substantially across the image (depending upon what location within the image the observer is focusing upon at a given moment). So in this case, it doesn't make a lot of sense to claim you have "controlled" contrast and brightness. If on the other hand you are presenting a single BW stimuli, with a single RGB value across its area, and the background of the stimuli is one single RGB value, then to claim you have control over contrast and brightness is more believable

b) regarding the photometric calibration of your display screen (#1 above). you could start at RGB = 0 and go to RGB=255 in increments of 1, but that's a lot of work, and in my experience you don't get a lot more predictive power by doing so. Most displays produce very little light at low RGB levels, and most low-midgrade photometers aren't very accurate or precise measuring low light levels (say less than 10 cd/m2). So starting around 30, 40 or so all the way to 255 (in increments of 10) gives you a good quality function

I'm not really familiar with Brainstorm, nor with Cartool, for source localization I use Fieldtrip toolbox. It's a Matlab-based toolbox, and it has very good documentation and hands-on tutorials as well.

http://www.fieldtriptoolbox.org/tutorial/beamformer/

Let us take an extreme position and see if we can make progress

If we assume, that instead of quantum coherence being a subsequent add-on to the living process, that it is, in fact, intrinsic to the living process. And if we further assume that quantum coherence in living systems is intrinsically robust, and necessarily so, in order to perform its biological function. Then we may be able to address the problem a different way: by paring the issue down to its very basics we may simplify it enough to see the way forward:-

If it is true that consciousness correlates with a macroscopic quantum coherent state.

And if it is also true that this coherent state can effect change in the world of classical physics

Then, given the evidence of our own ontology, the beginning of life on this planet would have coincided with the moment that quantum coherence found a way of breaking through the de-coherence barrier and maintaining coherence employing Occam's razor] as a direct consequence of the way in which

that change is effected.

If this argument holds, and if the soliton instrumental in the

process of catalysis maintains coherence through the process then, we should discover that cognition is not an aspect of life, -but definitive of it.

Hi Dr Atul,

I have sent you, please cehck your RG message.

Dear Michael,

Thank you for the answer you give to Kazuo. However, what do you mean exactly by the <'barbaric' dark ages of man>? Please explain it to me. Thank you again! Marc.

Dear Antonio,

I ne nepsy II, subtest figure memory is spatial memory from new visual material. I don( t know if you get it in Italian norms but you could use it it is non verbal. And in CMS, children memory scale, you could make qith Points location , visual non verbal subtest, also faces immediately remind and the optional subtest for animals and vehicles immediate visual memory.

Best regards

Five of my published papers have been up loaded onto RG to answer such questions:

1，On the Quantitative Cognitions to “Infinite Things” (I)

2，On the Quantitative Cognitions to “Infinite Things” (II)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305537578_On_the_Quantitative_Cognitions_to_Infinite_Things_II

3，On the Quantitative Cognitions to “Infinite Things” (III)

4 On the Quantitative Cognitions to “Infinite Things” (IV)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319135528_On_the_Quantitative_Cognitions_to_Infinite_Things_IV

5 On the Quantitative Cognitions to “Infinite Things” (V)

As no one answered my question and I have already found a solution more than a year ago, I'll answer to share it.

First, maturation in cases like this can be mitigated by randomized or pseudorandomized order of the questions. It's the first possible strategy for that. If you offer all participants the order Q1, Q2, Q3, the measurement of Q3 might be distorted by maturation. But if instead you offer one participant this order, and another one the order Q1, Q3, Q2, and another Q3, Q2, Q1, and another Q3, Q1, Q2; Q2,Q1,Q3; and Q2, Q3, Q1, having an "equilibrium" (ensuring all orders are equally available with pseudorandomization) or simply being truly random (reducing effects to chance), you mitigate the effect.

Yet you can also measure the effect of maturation by collecting information about the answering order. Doing so you won't just really prevent the extraneous variable, but also measure it.

I was just reviewing the Oxford Bibliography and was surprised to find the Soren Brier's (2008) Cybersemiotics: Why Information is Not Enough!. Toronto: University of Toronto Press was not mentioned. This is without a doubt the most important look at semiotics in the last twenty years! I highly recommend it.

Thanks for your reply. I will try to search for relevant information on Baidu. Meanwhile, I will try to communicate with professors in China or Taiwan and inquiry related details.

Long ago I simulated maze learning on my MSX-computer (64 kb!) and noticed that, under some conditions, the "rat" fixated itself in repetitive behavior.

Simulating goal-directed, flexible behavior in a system, and then presenting it unsolvable problems or continual negative feedback may reveal interesting behavioral phenomena, reminding of incompleteness-related OCD.

Dear Muhammad Shujahat, Tom Broekel and Jay Klagge,

Thank you for for your answers to my question. I formulate this question since there is a huge inertia in accepting new ideas in understanding the concepts of knowledge, knowledge dynamics, knowledge management and intellectual capital. For details, I attached two papers to explain some aspects of this new framework. Thanks again for your contribution!

I think this will be a great reference for you

(MATLAB code link is also embedded in the article)

This is a great question because spatial cueing research is mainly about variations on a paradigm and it's important to stop and think again about what it all means. So, there is a big literature on ERP effects of spatial cueing, beginning (according to a quick search) with Eimer (1993). Many of these studies would however involve "self generated gazes" - or self-directed attention. For example, Nobre et al. (2000) performed an experiment in which the same (bicoloured, central) stimulus had two possible interpretations (i.e. target is probably right or probably left), according to prior instructions, and got early negative ERP enhancement contralateral to the cued hemifield.

However if we limit the question to exogenous cueing, a recent review by Slotnick (2017) concludes that early ERP effects in visual cortex (C1 component) are more likely to be observed for exogenous than endogenous cues, in upper visual fields, with distractors and with high attention load.

Presumably gamma enhancement and reaction time effects occur later than C1

Eimer, M. (1993) Spatial cueing, sensory gating and selective response preparation: an ERP study on visuo-spatial orienting Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/ Evoked Potentials, 88 (5), pp. 408-420.

Nobre, A.C., Sebestyen, G.N., Miniussi, C. (2000) The dynamics of shifting visuospatial attention revealed by event-related potentials Neuropsychologia, 38 (7), pp. 964-974.

Scott D. Slotnick (2017) The experimental parameters that affect attentional modulation of the ERP C1 component, Cognitive Neuroscience, 9:1-2, 53-62, DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2017.1369021

Thank you Huw Swanborough. The experiment involve multisensory synchrony judgment task, stimuli(Audio-Visual) presented with variable SOAs ranges from 0 ms to around 300ms with 16ms(approx) steps and participants asked to judge whether two events are in synch or not. I use psychtoolbox for stimulus presentation and wanted to verify SOAs externally. It seems digital oscilloscope could also be used for the same purpose as BBTK toolkit (mentioned in the link you have shared). I am looking for ways to how to use digital oscilloscope for the stimulus timing measures. Please let me know, if you have any suggestions on this.

Stephen, thank you for the reply. I didn't correctly express myself and have now corrected the question. I am not interested in one test which would merge all the functions but in all the tests available which cover the mentioned (not all in one test).

I am familiar with the Tower of Hanoi and I saw that the set can be bought online for a reasonable price, but was still hoping that other planning assessment tasks would be available.

Thank you for suggesting the Porteus Maze test, I will look into it.

Hi Martín,

thanks for your answer, very much appreciated! The nuisance regression is part of my resting state preprocessing pipeline. The overall objective is to submit the cleaned data to a Graph theoretical analysis, in which I compare basically how FC changes in relation to psychopharmacological treatment. So, I had the idea to submit the data to a nuisance regression and write out a new 4D Volume which I then go on to process further.

If I understand it correctly, I could also do the Nuisance Regression in SPM12 as covariates. The ROI to ROI approach is, as far as my understanding goes, a lot easier to conduct with other toolboxes like DPABI or GRETNA.

If you have further advice, I'm very grateful for help!

Best regards,

Pablo

I recommend that you first read the articles of specialists (in Attachment). You need the experience of professionals to generate their own ideas.

Domenico,

There is no question about this. Human life is certainly possible in weightless conditions. Many hundreds of humans have lived and worked in these conditions over the last 50 years.

Gravity would still be an identifiable phenomenon - indeed, in a microgravity environment experiments such as the Cavendish experiment would be even easier to perform!

Hi Indrajeet,

Here are a few I've found to be super helpful in my work using a modified attentional blink paradigm to observe capture:

Folk, C. L., Leber, A. B., & Egeth, H. E. (2002). Made you blink! Contingent attentional capture produces a spatial blink. Perception & Psychophysics, 64(5), 741–753.

Folk, C. L., Leber, A. B., & Egeth, H. E. (2008). Top-down control settings and the attentional blink: Evidence for nonspatial contingent capture. Visual Cognition, 16(5), 616–642.

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Thank you all very much!

Thank you all for your answers. It seems that the main conclusion is that you can get a baseline for anxiety/stress but not for the cognitive load imposed by the task (it seems pretty obvious now, when you've pointed it out).

I've used pupilometry as a physiological metric and NASA TLX as self-assessment.

The answer I would give is yes, AI will be adopted in the future. It's an easy answer, because AI means different things to different people.

Maybe most people can agree that AI has a self-learning component. This aspect is necessary for any computer program to be able to accomplish tasks which have not explicitly been predicted, and appropriate algorithms developed ahead of time, by a programmer. If nothing else, one can imagine a control system that tests operational modes to determine safe operating limits. Such as, allow fuel flow to increase until temperature is no longer controllable, then set the limit below that point. Autonomous driving can certainly benefit from such learning, so the vehicle becomes safer with experience. Just like human drivers do, only better, because such algorithms wouldn't be encumbered with emotions, anxieties, distractions, fatigue, panic, and so on.

We already have systems available to the public, that take on some of these characteristics. For instance, in cars, modern engine controls and stability controls. These systems are always testing the limits, always learning, and reacting to conditions right now multiple times faster than humans can. Perhaps the familiarity we have with some of these modern controls makes us dismiss them. But hey. Imagine what someone would have thought just 50 years ago, about cars that can save themselves from skidding out of control, or can stop faster than that panicked human standing on the brakes, or can parallel park all  by themselves, or can constantly be tweaking the spark advance, to keep the engine always on the verge of pinging? All of these tasks accomplished not in some totally pre-programmed way, but by taking existing conditions into account, in real time.

Although some of what passes off as AI is not much more than rule-based programming. Big, nested, logical if statements, that a user would think behave like AI. Then again, isn't that a lot of what human intelligence is? We build a database of effects and their causes, and we act accordingly?

There is no strict "rule", but I can provide you a simple example of framework, considering the text classification task:

STEP 1-Pre-Processing:

Activities that might be performed in this step:

(i) performing a preliminary descriptive statistics study of your collection of documents (e.g.: determine the frequency of each word in the collection, determine the strongest correlations among words, etc.).  

(ii) According to the results of your study you may apply a set of techniques to reduce the problem dimensionality  (stop words, stemming, feature selection, etc.).

STEP 2- Dataset Modeling

- Deciding how to construct your training dataset, i.e., how to transform the collection of documents into a dataset (example: bag of words, n-grams, etc.);

STEP 3- Analysis

- Construction of your text analysis model using one or more algorithms. In the case of classification you have a number of options: k-NN, SVM, Naive Bayes, Neural Networks, etc. 

As I said before, this is just a simplified example.

as Edward said, before deciding the kind of task to use you need to define several aspects of this task and it also depends on your conception of the resources available for processing (do you consider an energetic or unitary view such as Cowan, or Ellis & ashbrook) or componential models such as Baddeley's WM?

Additionally, do you want to collect data about the loading task? I recommend collecting performance measures for the loading task as you will be able to analyze whether participants have indeed focused on this task.

Do you want to interfere with processing involved in the sentence completion task? In this case, you need to have a task that also requires similar verbal processes, such a verbal load (with digits?), or in other terms that interfere with processing in the phonological loop.

Finally, you may also consider having two groups with different loads: low and high. However, it is better to collect data about the sentence completion task performed in single task situation. 

I often use secondary tasks in my research on writing (Olive, 2004 for example, or Olive 2010 the section on secondary tasks).

Hope this will help

Thierry

I am not sure that I understand your paradigm fully, but if there are several different stimuli, an alternative to d' (and SDT altogether) is percent-correct and the body of theory behind that.

The following publications may give some insights. More specifically in the first publication, chapter 3 (methodology) will give some insights.

1.Birner Regina, Surup Gupta and Neeru Sharma (2011) " The political economy of Agricultural Policy reforms in India - Fertilizers and Electricity for irrigation" Research Monograph, International Food Policy Research Institute, US

2.Bullock D.S (2012) " Dangers of using Political Preference Functions in Political Economy Analysis : examples from U.S.Ethanol Policy"  Paper prepared for presentation at the First AIEAA conference ' Towards a Sustainable Bio- economy: Economic Issues and policy Challenges' during 4-5 June 2012 in Trento, Italy

Onur Güntürkün suggests that a mechanism triggered by light

plays a role. Chicks in the shell turn their heads to a

genetically determined side. Human fetuses do this before birth

as well. One of the chicks' eyes gets more light and this

might lead to an asymmetry in the brain, besides

the normal 'handedness'.

Regards,

Joachim

Muchas gracias, José Luis. Revisaré el artículo adjunto.

Dear Joanne,

I agree with Peter König that a visual search task interferes with reading the questionnaire. So I would use an aural search task, which can range from detecting high tones (easy) to detecting a specific rhythm pattern in a stream of beats (difficult). Or let the subjects verify spoken arithmetic problems (e.g. "three plus four is nine"). 

merci pour cette suggestion Martin! je vais 'tchéquer' ça :) sinon je n'avais pas compris que tous verrait ma question! :-/ a+

I think this would work:

Dim N As Integer

for i in n=1 to 100

MyList.SetAttrib n, "RndNumber", Random(100,999)

Next N

This will set a random number inbetween 100 to 999 on each row of the attribute "RndNumber" to the list "MyList" of 100 rows that you have defined in your experiment.

It is still not too late so thank you for that. I will check what they offer.

Does the professor permit you to ask other people for the answer rather than researching the answer on your own?