Clinical Research - Science topic

The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in liver development, repair, and regeneration, positioning it as a critical target for therapeutic strategies in treating liver diseases. Dysregulation of this pathway is implicated in a variety of liver pathologies, including chronic liver diseases, fibrosis, and liver canc...

Dear colleagues, Epithelial cancers originate from the epithelial cells lining organs and tissues and constitute a significant portion of human malignancies. This special issue aims to focus into the intricate molecular processes underlying the development and progression of epithelial cancers, potential interferences and common pathways, as well...

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs) like OpenAI’s ChatGPT, into clinical research could significantly enhance the informed consent process. This paper critically examines the ethical implications of employing LLMs to facilitate consent in clinical research. LLMs could offer considerable benefit...

Gynecologic cancer is a critical concern in the field of women’s health, and traditional treatment methods have demonstrated limited efficacy for certain advanced and recurrent gynecologic cancers. In recent years, antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) therapy, as an emerging targeted approach, has gained increasing attention as a research hotspot. This re...

With the continuous advancement of medical research, the number of multi-center clinical studies has been steadily increasing, bringing about significant challenges to ethical review. Improving the efficiency and quality of ethical review has become a necessity driven by national policies and the development of the industry. Mutual recognition of e...

Background: Ayurveda, the oldest medical system, focused on preventing diseases and maintaining a healthy body. Nowadays cancer is a global concern. In Ayurveda, cancer treatment can be correlated with arbuda, apachi, granthi roga, etc. A prospective study is being conducted to evaluate the effect of Pathyadi kvatha on Hepatocellular carcinoma clas...

Stem cell research is driven by the remarkable regenerative capacity, low immunogenic reactivity, and differentiating abilities of stem cells, making them promising therapies for genetic illnesses, malignancies, and neurological disorders. Extensive pre-clinical and early-stage clinical research is being conducted, yielding encouraging initial find...

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the content of rehabilitation fitness for mature women with scoliosis. Materials and methods The study involved 15 women aged 45-55 years with scoliosis of 1-2 degrees. Research methods: аnalysis, generalization and systematization of data from scientific and methodical literature, Internet networks; Test...

Although the translation of sex and gender evidence into clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is strongly advised by specialists, this commitment may be limited to presenting findings on women for specific diseases and topics. The inclusion of sex and gender evidence should deploy available data on health and illness, taking human diversity into con...

Identifying the characteristics of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with its comorbidity has become increasingly crucial. We aimed to investigate the relevant factors associated with comorbidities in adults with AD. We analyzed cross-sectional data through univariate and multivariate regression analyses, encompassing 439 adult cases of AD from the C...

Background: Epileptic seizures develop with hyper-synchronization of neuronal networks, causing insomnia, and sleep quality decreases with drug treatment. Insomnia, which occurs with decreased sleep quality, increases epileptic seizure discharges. This study/trial aims to determine the effect of sleep hygiene education given to epilepsy patients on...

The majority of people are aware of pearls, but their therapeutic benefits have not gained widespread recognition. This page summarizes pearls' 2,000-year medicinal history in China, including their use in traditional Chinese medicine and their many preparations, as well as the advancements in their chemical components, pharmacology, toxicology, an...

Maintaining high standards of data integrity and quality is paramount for generating reliable and accurate results in clinical trials. This paper examines the critical aspects of data integrity and quality management, emphasizing the role of robust data management practices in ensuring credible trial outcomes. We explore key topics, including regul...

A Neuralgia do Trigêmeo (NT) é uma condição neurológica crônica, caracterizada por episódios recorrentes e unilaterais de dor facial, com sensação de facada, queimação ou choque elétrico. A doença interfere nas atividades diárias, desencadeando em má qualidade de vida aos pacientes. O estudo apresenta uma revisão narrativa de literatura, que visa i...

Allergic diseases triggered by airborne allergens such as allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis are increasingly prevalent, posing significant challenges for both patients and healthcare systems. Assessing the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy and other anti-allergic treatments requires precise and reproducible methods. Allergen exposure chambers (...

This article delves into the critical importance of data security and privacy within the realm of clinical research. It examines the multifaceted challenges and stringent requirements associated with safeguarding sensitive patient information, covering key aspects such as regulatory standards (e.g., HIPAA, GDPR), data encryption techniques, access...

Adaptive clinical trials represent a significant advancement in clinical research, offering greater flexibility and efficiency compared to traditional trial designs. The integration of artificial intelligence further enhances the potential of adaptive trials by optimizing decision-making processes, streamlining operations, and ultimately improving...

Effective clinical data management is crucial for ensuring the integrity, reliability, and regulatory compliance of clinical trials. This paper explores best practices in CDM, focusing on strategies to optimize data collection, quality control, privacy, and technology integration within the highly regulated clinical research environment. We examine...

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), the most common malignancies affecting young men, are characterized by high sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, which leads to high cure rates even in metastatic disease. However, approximately 30% of patients with metastatic TGCTs relapse after first-line treatment and those who can be defined as plati...

Autoinflammation of unknown origin remains amongst the most enigmatic of systemic autoinflammatory disorders (SAIDs), immunological disorders characterized by inappropriate activation of the innate immune response. Recent clinical research has identified multiple distinct disorders, although overlap in clinical characteristics and genetic drivers i...

In the West, music therapy has emerged since the mid-twentieth century and has been recognised as a formal profession promoted in both clinical and educational settings. It encompasses cognitive, behavioural, psychiatric, psychosocial, and neurological domains. However, compared to its robust development in the West and neighbouring countries, the...

A research protocol is a document that outlines the proposed research idea and is submitted to funding agencies, institutions, or journals for approval. Writing a research protocol represents a challenge, particularly for early-career researchers. In this guide, we aim to provide detailed guidance with the key components and offer practical tips fo...

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive, inflammatory airway disorder characterized by a gradual decline in lung function and increased oxidative stress. Both oxidative stress and inflammation are central to its pathophysiology, with trace elements such as zinc, copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, selenium, and cal...

Cerebral embolic protection (CEP) during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as an important tool in reducing stroke risk associated with this intervention. With the recent expansion of TAVR into lower-risk populations, the role of preventive strategies gained greater significance. Despite advancements in TAVR technologies, pe...

Primary liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ranks among the top causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Traditionally, liver cancer has been associated with a dismal prognosis, which has led to extensive research into potential treatments. Over the past decade, there have been substantial advancements, particularly in the area of...

Background The advent of new chronic conditions such as long COVID-19 raises the question of whether and, if so, how best to establish new disease registries for such conditions. Prompted by the potential need for a long COVID-19 registry, we examined experiences of existing UK disease registries to understand barriers and enablers to establishing...

INTRODUÇÃO Um dos aspectos mais importantes de uma revisão sistemática (RS) é sua transparência, as revisões devem ser facilmente reproduzíveis a partir da metodologia rela tada e são ferramentas poderosas e importantes em saúde baseadas em evidências (SBE). Elas devem serem utilizadas como meio de integrar e avaliar gran-des quantidades de dados d...

Purpose This study aimed to assess the overall clinical adverse events (AEs) associated with glucokinase activators (GKAs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from their dates of inception to June 6, 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) t...

The experience sampling method (ESM) is increasingly used as a clinical tool in mental health care. Currently, ESM studies pay relatively little attention to assessing contextual factors, such as a person’s experience and perception of events, activities, and social interactions. This has been referred to as the ‘contextual black box’. However, per...

Background and purpose In 1916, Hans H. G. Queckenstedt (1876–1918) was the first to describe a test aimed at detecting spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space obstruction through lumbar CSF pressure measurements in paraplegic patients. For this test, bilateral jugular vein compression was applied during lumbar puncture and consecutive changes in lu...

Background Atypical sensory reactivity is a cardinal presentation in autism. Within the tactile domain, atypical tactile reactivity (TR) is common, it emerges early, persists into adulthood, and impedes social interaction and daily functioning. Hence, atypical TR is a key target for biological intervention to improve outcomes. Brain mechanisms info...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most deadly malignancies with an increasing incidence rate and limited therapeutic options. Biological sex has an impact on many aspects of PDAC development and response to therapy, yet it is highly unappreciated in both basic and translational research, and worryingly in PDAC clinical trials. I...

Purpose Radiomics has revolutionized clinical research by enabling objective measurements of imaging-derived biomarkers. However, the true potential of radiomics necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the biological basis of extracted features to serve as a clinical decision support. In this work, we propose an end-to-end framework for the i...

Large language models (LLMs), trained on diverse data effectively acquire a breadth of information across various domains. However, their computational complexity, cost, and lack of transparency hinder their direct application for specialised tasks. In fields such as clinical research, acquiring expert annotations or prior knowledge about predictiv...

In the Western hemisphere, nonmetastatic locally advanced esophageal carcinoma is mostly treated in multimodal therapy protocols according to current therapy guidelines. In squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, neoadjuvant chemoradiation is the favorable option. Unimodal surgical and chemoradiation treatment alternatives show inferior results o...

Clinical research and medical education regarding dermatoses in people with skin of color (SoC) have historically been neglected, which has played a role in physicians lacking confidence and competence in recognizing and managing dermatoses in diverse cohorts. This has contributed to poorer outcomes in people with SoC in objective domains, such as...

Background Most Canadians receive their care in community hospitals, yet most clinical research is conducted in academic hospitals. This study aims to compare patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated in academic and community hospitals with respect to their demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes. Methods Th...

Objective Assessing the histology-specific prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) is clinically challenging, especially in a patient population with a favorable prognosis. This study investigated the histology-specific long-term oncologic outcomes in OvCa patients who underwent complete tumor resection using a large-scale patient cohort form...

Background Historically, Sweden and Denmark have excelled in clinical trial publications per million population, but many trials have remained unpublished. Enforceable policies for trial registration before launch, made global and national clinical research assessments possible. The World Health Organisation (WHO) hosts the International Clinical T...

Objectives The first COVID-19 lockdown raised concerns about reduced access to primary care, especially for people with chronic diseases particularly at risk in the absence of follow-up. However, the COVIQuest trial, evaluating the impact of a general practitioner (GP) phone call (intervention) to chronic patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD)...

Background/Objectives: Marburg virus (MARV) is the etiological agent of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD), a rare but severe hemorrhagic fever disease with high case fatality rates in humans. Smaller outbreaks have frequently been reported in countries in Africa over the last few years, and confirmed human cases outside Africa are, so far, exclusively im...

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the nature of clinical research assessments. Little is known about the impact of face mask use on research assessments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study reports on tolerability of face mask use, child characteristics associated with tolerability, and the impact of face mask use on researcher ASD diagnostic...

Salivary gland tumors are rare head and neck tumors constituting up to 6% of all head and neck neoplasms; despite being mostly benign, these tumors present in diverse histological subtypes, making them challenging to diagnose and treat. Our research aims to investigate the link between inflammation and tumorigenesis within the salivary glands based...

Biobanks are involved in a broad range of studies, including both basic and clinical research, so their functions and roles are evolving. Digital biobanks have emerged due to digitalization in this field; however, it also entails an increasing number of ethical and legal issues, in particular those related to the protection of donor data and potent...

Improved treatment options are urgently needed for neurological injuries resulting from trauma or iatrogenic events causing long-term disabilities that severely impact patients’ quality of life. In vitro and animal studies have provided promising proof-of-concept examples of regenerative therapies using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) for a wide ra...

Robust medical Machine Learning (ML) models have the potential to revolutionize healthcare by accelerating clinical research, improving workflows and outcomes, and producing novel insights or capabilities. Developing such ML models from scratch is cost prohibitive and requires substantial compute, data, and time (e.g., expert labeling). To address...

Abstract The growth mindset is the belief that a person's intellect and abilities can be developed through effort. This mindset suggests that intelligence is not fixed, but adaptive. With the continued growth of the literature on growth mindset in mathematics, there is a need to investigate current trends from a bibliometric perspective. This study...

Artificial intelligence (AI), specifically Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) technology, has revolutionized various fields, including medicine and dentistry. The AI model ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, mimics human language on a large scale, generating coherent and contextually appropriate responses. ChatGPT serves as an auxiliary resource fo...

Systematic reviews (SRs) employ standardized methodological processes for synthesizing empirical evidence to answer specific research questions. These processes include rigorous screening phases to determine eligibility of articles against strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Despite these processes, SRs are a significant undertaking, and this...

Psychedelics are a group of psychoactive substances that alter consciousness and produce marked shifts in sensory perception, cognition, and mood. Although psychedelics have been used by indigenous communities for centuries, they have only recently been investigated as an adjunctive therapeutic tool in psychotherapy. Since the early twentieth centu...

Objective: To review the status of clinical research on electroacupuncture treatment of insomnia in recent ten years. Methods: The randomized controlled trials of electroacupuncture for insomnia were searched in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2021. The extracted date ma...

Methods to handle missing data have been extensively explored in the context of estimation and descriptive studies, with multiple imputation being the most widely used method in clinical research. However, in the context of clinical risk prediction models, where the goal is often to achieve high prediction accuracy and to make predictions for futur...

Background. Despite the ambiguity and controversy of modern views on the use of symptomatic slow acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) as the basic therapy, numerous studies have shown that the early administration of these drugs is safe and effective, and in combination with anti-inflammatory treatment gives a better result and prevents degene...

Background. Alloplastic replacement of bone defects after tumor removal is a commonly used and quite successful method of surgical treatment of patients with cancer. To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical intervention, it is important to study the state of the bone tissue. The radiological density research with the X-Rays software package will a...

Background Mammographic imaging is essential for breast cancer detection and diagnosis. In addition to masses, calcifications are of concern and the early detection of breast cancer also heavily relies on the correct interpretation of suspicious microcalcification clusters. Even with advances in imaging and the introduction of novel techniques such...

Dental restorative resin composites are widely used to repair tooth decay owing to attractive esthetics, adequate mechanical properties and minimally invasive tooth structure preparations. Nevertheless, dental restorative resin composites still face challenges because of their relatively high failure rate and short lifespan caused by secondary cari...

The clinical research findings on the effects of okra consumption on blood glucose and lipids are inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of okra consumption on glycemic parameters and lipid profile in adults, including homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting bl...

Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the “PICO”, which stands for Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome, teaching model with traditional didactic teaching in clinical research education. Methods 90 eight-year clinical medicine students participated in the study, with 45 students randomly assigned to the PICO group a...

The reuse of historical clinical trial data has significant potential to accelerate medical research and drug development. However, interoperability challenges, particularly with missing medical codes, hinders effective data integration across studies. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising solution for automated coding without labele...

Data sharing holds promise to accelerate innovative discoveries through artificial intelligence (AI) and traditional analytics. However, it remains unclear whether these prospects translate into tangible benefits in improving health care and scientific progress. In this cross-sectional study, we investigate current data reuse practices and explore...

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by infection, which may lead to multiple organ dysfunction in susceptible patient. The most frequently involved organs/systems include the lung, kidney and circulation system. It is well established that sepsis is a risk factor for acute lung injury. While overt pulmonary infiltrates...

Quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIB) are increasingly used in clinical research to advance precision medicine approaches in oncology. Computed tomography (CT) is a modality of choice for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and response assessment due to its reliability and global accessibility. Here, we contribute to the cancer imaging community through...

Effective biomarkers are necessary for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring of colorectal cancer (CRC), a disease that continues to be a major worldwide health problem. Due to a potential connection to colorectal cancer, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), an important enzyme in metabolism of glutathione and cellular stress respon...

This study evaluated the accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT models, specifically GPT-4 and GPT-4o, by reviewing Japanese-language clinical research protocols and informed consent forms using Japanese prompts. The integration of generative AI technologies into clinical research ethics reviews has the potential to enhance consistency, reduce hum...

Anti-ageing medicines are products intended to extend lifespan and healthspan in humans that have a good potential use in public health policies. In the European Union, their development, production and consumption are dependent on regulatory science performed by the European Medicines Agency and its associated epistemic policies. They impose, amon...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder that remains a significant challenge for both healthcare providers and researchers. Despite advances in understanding its mechanisms, finding effective therapies is still difficult. This review highlights a potential therapeutic target in SLE research: tumor necrosis factor su...

Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) has evoked extensive interest for applications in preclinical and clinical research. However, the current systems suffer from the limited view provided by detection setups, thus impeding the sufficient acquisition of intricate tissue structures. Here, we propose an approach to enable fast 3D full-view imagin...