Clinical Medicine - Science topic

This textbook assembles the wealth of clinical experiences across multiple medical specialties and offers clinical pearls that will result in better patient care and are highly relevant to daily practice. This book has been compiled by many renowned clinicians, medical educators, and researchers who are experts in their respective disciplines acros...

In the present review article, the two genoprotective species Acacia auriculiformis and A. pennata, which are native to Australia and Southeast Asia, respectively, are the subjects of the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations gathered and summarized in the current review paper. Acacia is the largest genus of the family Leguminosae with m...

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are a common issue in basketball. Several studies point to subtalar pronation as a relevant risk factor for these injuries, despite their multiarticular and multiplanar nature. This study evaluated the correlation between subtalar pronation and ACL injuries in female basketball players. A total of 30 player...

Citation: Shahid, M.; Saeed, N.K.; Ahmad, N.; Shadab, M.; Joji, R.M.; Al-Mahmeed, A.; Bindayna, K.M.; Tabbara, K.S.; Ismaeel, A.Y.; Dar, F.K. Molecular Screening of Carbapenem-Resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) Clinical Isolates for Concomitant Occurrence of Beta-Lactam Genes (CTX-M, TEM, and SHV) in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Abstract: The emergence of e...

Objective The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses in patients with hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer undergoing radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. Study Design This prospective study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Bag...

Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders of heart and blood vessels which are the leading cause of death globally. They are also a very important cause of military unsuitability especially among military pilots. Some of the risk factors cannot be modified, but a large group of them can be modified by introducing healthy habits or...

Background: Cataract is a leading cause of visual impairment and the senile cataract is the most common type. The role of Serum calcium to magnesium ratio (Ca-Mg ratio) in the pathogenesis of age-related or senile cataract remains unclear. Objectives: The objective of the present study is to estimate serum calcium, magnesium and their ratio levels...

The prevalence of thyroid disease continues to rise. As a consequence, the research in the thyroid field has significantly increased over time. Thus, clinicians, and endocrinologists first, have to be aware of the important continuous progress achieved, in particular of thyroid cancer, to better manage their patients. This themed issue, titled “New...

Rapid construction of versatile perfusable vascular networks in vitro with cylindrical channels still remains challenging. Here, a microfiber-patterned method is developed to precisely fabricate versatile well-controlled perfusable vascular networks with cylindrical channels. This method uses tensile microfibers as an easy-removable template to rap...

The United States occupies a leading position in the world in terms of the level and effectiveness of scientific research. Health care in the United States is provided with the most modern medical equipment, medicines and consumables. Today, most of the Nobel Prizes in medicine go to the United States - 18 of the last 25 recipients were American ci...

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects arteries and is the main cause of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerotic plaque formation is usually asymptomatic and does not manifest until the occurrence of clinical events. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerotic plaques is particularly important. Here, a series...

Background: Few studies have examined the use of immunoassay urine drug testing of cancer patients in palliative care clinics. Objectives: We examined the frequency of immunoassay urine drug test (UDT) abnormalities and the factors associated with aberrancy at a safety-net hospital palliative medicine clinic. Methods: A retrospective review of the...

Abstract: Background: Coeliac disease affects approximately 1% of the global population with the diagnosis often relying on invasive and time-demanding methods. Deep learning, a powerful tool in medical science, shows potential for non-invasive, accurate coeliac disease diagnosis, though challenges remain. Objective: This systematic review aimed to...

Objective To evaluate the effect and influence of the “immersive contextualization-based learning” teaching mode (ICBLT) in the orthopaedic musculoskeletal disorder module of clinical medicine education. Methods Undergraduate students in five consecutive semesters of clinical medicine in West China Hospital, Sichuan University were enrolled in thi...

Background Over the last several years sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been on the rise in the United States. A potential area for improving the diagnosis of STIs is appropriate testing of extragenital (EG) sites (i.e., throat or rectum). These sites may serve as a reservoir for infection and lead to increased transmission if not identi...

Background According to the WHO, approximately 71 million people are infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and more than 400,000 people die each year due to HCV-related liver diseases. Since the advent of safe and highly effective direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in 2014, treatment for HCV has been revolutionized with cure rates exceeding 90%. Altho...

Background Appropriate management of animal bites is critical to prevent rabies encephalitis and tetanus. In the US, rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is typically started in emergency departments (EDs). For travelers seeking care overseas, World Health Organization (WHO) PEP guidance differs from those of the Advisory Council on Immunization...

Background: The correspondence between various aspects of human postural parameters and the spatial relation of the jaws is of increasing interest among scientists. Emerging research suggests that the stomatognathic system and posture play, in a broad sense, significant roles. Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between...

We aimed to evaluate how many authors are extremely productive and how their presence across countries and scientific fields has changed during 2000-2022. Extremely productive (EP) authors were defined as those with >60 full papers (articles, reviews, conference papers) published in a single calendar year and indexed in Scopus. We identified 3,191...

Objective: To explore the application advantages of problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method in clinical emergency teaching. Methods: Two classes of students in the five-year clinical medicine major of our university were selected as the research subjects and divided into two groups according to different teaching methods. Among them, 50 studen...

Thermal management wearables have shown immense potential for various applications, such as bio-integrated electronics, multifunctional fabrics, thermoelectric devices, and clinical medicine. Given the complex and volatile external environmental conditions they may encounter, thermal management wearables should possess versatile and comprehensive a...

The aim of the research: To determine effective techniques for researching the quality of life of patients with diabetic retinopathy, conduct surveys, and analyze the obtained results. Materials and Methods: Bibliosemantic and analytical methods, sociological and statistical methods were employed. A standardized quality of life questionnaire, SF-36...

1 (VDW, AG Gesundheit; Korr. 1.3.22 und 17.4.): 2 3 DAS PANDEMIE-MANAGEMENT ZEIGT: EINE MENSCH-ZENTRIERTE 4 ÖKOSYSTEMISCHE GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFT UND-PRAXIS IST NÖTIG! 5 6 EINFÜHRUNG 7 Während der Corona-Virus-Pandemie sind Forschungsdefizite deutlich geworden, die aus einer 8 übergeordneten Ebene, nämlich der Wissenschaftsphilosophie oder der Erk...

Aim This study purposed to evaluate the healthy life awareness (HLA) level versus the COVID-19 avoidance attitudes. Materials and Methods A single-centered observational study was conducted in the Family Medicine Clinics of a tertiary hospital between April 30, 2021 and July 30, 2021. The HLA scale was used to determine the participants' HLA level...

A dysregulated host response is a common feature in critically ill patients due to both infectious and non-infectious origins that can lead to life-threatening organ dysfunction, which is still the primary cause of death in intensive care units worldwide. In its course, pathologic, unregulated levels of inflammatory mediators are often released int...

In the available reports on clinical medicine, the infection sites of Mycobacterium porcinum include wounds, bone marrow, respiratory tract, and catheters. A 61-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital; her hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes were found to be enlarged during health examination, but there was no specific discomfort. Initially, she...

Purpose To compare 3 separate blood flow restriction (BFR) systems in their capacity to reduce repetitions to failure, impact perceptual responses, and cause adverse events during a low-load free-flow exercise. Methods The study included healthy subjects aged 18 years or older who presented to an ambulatory-care sports medicine clinic. On day 1, p...

Unlabelled: The rapid progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing has led to increasingly sophisticated large language models (LLMs) for use in healthcare. This study assesses the performance of two LLMs, the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models, in passing the MIR medical examination for access to medical specialist...

Prevê-se que pelo menos um terço das síndromes e doenças raras sejam diagnosticadas incorretamente mais do que uma vez, ou que o diagnóstico seja adiado desnecessariamente por uma série de razões. Este livro ilustra não só a dificuldade sentida para chegar a um diagnóstico de uma síndrome genética rara, mas também demonstra como a experiência e o d...

Si prevede che almeno un terzo delle sindromi e dei disturbi rari venga diagnosticato in modo errato più di una volta, oppure che la diagnosi venga ritardata inutilmente per una serie di motivi. Questo libro illustra non solo le difficoltà incontrate per giungere alla diagnosi di una sindrome genetica rara, ma dimostra anche come l'esperienza e la...

Se prevé que al menos un tercio de los síndromes y trastornos raros se diagnostiquen erróneamente más de una vez, o que el diagnóstico se retrase innecesariamente por diversas razones. Este libro ilustra no sólo la dificultad que se experimenta para llegar al diagnóstico de un síndrome genético raro, sino que también demuestra cómo la experiencia y...

On s'attend à ce qu'au moins un tiers des syndromes et des troubles rares soient mal diagnostiqués plus d'une fois, ou que le diagnostic soit retardé inutilement pour diverses raisons. Ce livre illustre non seulement les difficultés rencontrées pour parvenir au diagnostic d'un syndrome génétique rare, mais aussi la façon dont l'expérience et la maî...

Citation: Savin, E.; Ben-Shabat, N.; Levartovsky, A.; Lahat, A.; Omar, M.; Gendelman, O.; Lidar, M.; Watad, A.; Ben-Horin, S.; Kopylov, U.; et al. Biologic Treatment Modification Efficacy in Concurrent Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study at a Single Tertiary Center. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 7151. https...

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, it's crucial to understand the relationship between immune responses and clinical results, which also underpins interdisciplinary educational discussions. This study goes beyond standard medical evaluation, linking clinical medicine to sociodemography, genetics, and education, emphasizing the importance of an interc...

Purpose The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) allows health care providers to quickly stratify older patients, to support clinical decision-making. However, few studies have evaluated the CFS interrater reliability (IRR) in Emergency Departments (EDs), and the freely available smartphone application for CFS assessment was never tested for reliability. T...

Background Mental health disorders among adolescents is on the rise globally. Patients seldom present to mental health physicians, for fear of stigmatization, and due to the dearth of mental health physicians. They are mostly picked during consultations with Family Physicians. This study seeks to identify the common mental health disorders seen by...

Citation: Riemma, G.; De Franciscis, P.; Tesorone, M.; Coppa, E.; Schiattarella, A.; Billone, V.; Lopez, A.; Cucinella, G.; Gullo, G.; Carotenuto, R.M. Obstetric and Gynecological Admissions and Hospitalizations in an Italian Tertiary-Care Hospital during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Analysis According to Restrictive Measures. J. Clin. Med. 2...

Medical schools worldwide use different teaching methodologies mainly in the form of traditional didactic lectures, tutorials, practical and small group discussions. Multiple teaching tools for medical undergraduates in biochemistry play a pivotal role for overall understanding of the subject and its applicability in clinical medicine. The purpose...

Background Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that the early diagnosis and prognostic awareness provide direction for selecting the appropriate treatment strategies. A wide variety of biomarker-based studies in clinical medicine provide new insights into the personalized medicine in sepsis patients. MiRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNA molecule...

OBJECTIVE Pulmonary thromboembolism is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. Various changes occur on the electrocardiogram secondary to pulmonary thromboembolism. The objective of this study was to investigate variations in QT dispersion, Tpeak-Tend duration, and Tpeak-Tend/QT ratio in relation to pulmonary thromboembolism localization and...

(1) Background: Menopause is an important event in women’s lives, possibly contributing to the development of CVD, which is associated with changes in the cardiovascular risk profile, markers of metabolic health, and subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the association of menopause with CVD risk factors and subclinical m...

Dietary Supplements (DS), rooted in Western medicine's microscopic agent, have permeated Chinese society from the late Guangxu period to the present. From domestic inception to global proliferation of the DS, conceals its commercial attributes behind the facade of a Eurocentric health concept, specifically the "add-on" theory of surplus health. Roo...

Citation: Trzcionka, A.; Mączkowiak, D.; Korkosz, R.; Rahnama, M.; Duława, J.; Tanasiewicz, M. Oral Findings in Hemodialyzed Patients Diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus and/or Hypertension-A Systematic Review. Abstract: Chronic kidney disease is classified as a civilization disease and is being diagnosed in an increasing number of patients. Hypertens...

Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease for which the implications and repercussions go far beyond the skin. Psoriasis patients suffer not only due to its skin manifestations and related symptoms but also because of comorbidities and a huge emotional impact. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate chronotype and sleep qua...

Background Given that lung cancer is the deadliest cancer globally, it not only leads to physical issues but also triggers psychiatric challenges in patients with lung cancer. Research has shown that individuals with lung cancer encounter a higher prevalence of psychiatric issues when compared to patients with other types of cancers. For this reaso...

Background There is a gender difference in the acceptance of osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment in patients after fragility fractures, but this difference is rarely assessed during hospitalization, and it is unclear whether these differences are age-dependent. This study aimed to evaluate the differences between male and female fragility fracture...

Objective Pregnancy in women with lupus poses a higher risk of complications compared with the general population. The present study aimed to determine and describe the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with lupus. Materials and Methods We conducted an observational retrospective study of pregnant women with the diagnosis of lupus,...

Endometrial cancer represents an ideal target to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 being the most frequent gynecological malignancy in Italy, generally detected at early stages and correlated with favorable oncological outcomes. The present comparative retrospective study carried out at Campus Bio-medico University Foundation in Rome aims to evaluate...

Background There is a substantially increasing need for general practitioners (GPs) for future unpredictable pandemic crises, especially at the community-based health services (CBHS) level to protect the vast and varied grassroot-level population in China. Thus, it is crucial to understand the factors that affect Chinese medical students’ GP career...

The long-term effect of physical activity on body composition in Master athletes is rarely presented in the literature. The aim of this study was to identify possible changes in body composition of Master swimmers over a period of 4 years, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we wanted to discover if sarcopenia symptoms would occur...

Purpose of Review Spatial omics is a transformative technology which will impact multiple areas of clinical medicine over the next decade. The goal of this review is to acquaint the pediatric clinician with the emerging field of Spatial omics by discussing the impact of this technology on the prototypical congenital heart defect: coarctation of the...

Citation: Linhart, C.; Mehrens, D.; Gellert, L.M.; Ehrnthaller, C.; Gleich, J.; Lampert, C.; Lerchenberger, M.; Böcker, W.; Neuerburg, C.; Zhang, Y. Abstract: Background: Gluteal muscle fatty atrophy (gMFA) might impair pelvic stability and negatively influence remobilization in patients with fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP). This study aime...

Objective To assess prevalence of elevated blood pressure readings, rates of established hypertension diagnosis, and blood pressure control medication prescription rates in a cohort of older people experiencing unsheltered homelessness presenting to a Street Medicine clinic in Miami‐Dade County, Florida. In addition, we will compare outcomes found...

Objective To identify the characteristics of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who require hospitalisation for exacerbations. Methods People with COPD were recruited either during hospitalisation or from out-patient respiratory medicine clinics. Hospital admissions were tracked throughout the 5-months recruitment period. For...

Against the backdrop of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the teaching and management of clinical medical interns have been facing tremendous challenges. When interns majoring in clinical medicine enter the internship position,they lack self-protection awareness and have limited ability to respond to unexpected public health events. This article explor...

Background Standardized training for resident physicians is the primary form of postgraduate medical education, and it plays a pivotal role in healthcare safety and industry stability. Currently, it has garnered significant attention from healthcare institutions. Methods By conducting a comprehensive literature review and a Delphi consultation in...

Negative air ions (NAIs) are important in improving air quality and developing new materials and clinical medicine. NAI concentrations are higher in urban forests than in other areas, which is good for public health. The Hualou Scenic Area in Qingdao Laoshan National Forest Park was the study site in this paper. Ten plant communities’ ecological he...

Importance: Artificial intelligence will become an integral part of clinical medicine. Large Language Models are promising to candidates, in particular with their multimodal ability. These models need to be evaluated in real clinical cases. Objective: To test whether GPT-4V can consistently comprehend complex diagnostic scenarios. Design: A selecti...

Venous thromboembolic complications (VTCs), which include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), have remained a pressing problem in modern clinical medicine for a long time. Despite the already wide arsenal of modern methods for diagnosing and treating this disease, VTCs rank third in the structure of causes of death among all car...

In the field of clinical medicine, the real-time monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas exhaled by the human body is of great significance. At present, the detection devices on the market mainly work by sucking a small amount of gas from the nasal cavity into the detection device, and they present some problems such as overly long sampling tubes, e...

Abstract: Titanium has been the material of choice for dental implant fixtures due to its exceptional qualities, such as its excellent balance of rigidity and stiffness. Since zirconia is a soft-tissue-friendly material and caters to esthetic demands, it is an alternative to titanium for use in implants. Nevertheless , bone density plays a vital ro...

Antibodies reactive with the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein are associated with viral neutralization, however low antibody titers, specifically against SARS-CoV-2 variants, may result in reduced viral immunity post naturally acquired infection. A cohort study comprised of 121 convalescent individuals from northern Nev...

Background: Pathology diagnosis is key to critical decision-making in clinical medicine. In clinico-pathologic consults, there may be errors in pathologic diagnoses resulting in delayed or inappropriate treatment, hence the impaired quality of care. Seeking a second opinion on a pathology consult is one procedure that enhances the quality of health...

Background: Percutaneous CT-guided cryoablation is an emerging technique for treating bone tumors. However, experience with using this procedure for osteoid osteomas in pediatric patients remains limited. Our study aims to assess its technical feasibility, clinical efficacy, and safety in children treated under conscious anesthesia. Methods: We con...

Optogenetics is a cutting‐edge technology that merges light control and genetics to achieve targeted control of tissue cells. Compared to traditional methods, optogenetics offers several advantages in terms of time and space precision, accuracy, and reduced damage to the research object. Currently, optogenetics is primarily used in pathway research...

Importance New approaches are needed to provide care for individuals with problematic opioid use (POU). Rapid access addiction medicine (RAAM) clinics offer a flexible, low-barrier, rapid access care model for this population. Objective To assess the associations of RAAM clinics with emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and mortalit...

Introduction The accurate assessment of health professionals’ competence is critical for ensuring public health safety and quality of care. Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) based on the Item Response Theory (IRT) has the potential to improve measurement accuracy and reduce respondent burden. In this study, we conducted psychometric simulations t...

Introduction Overuse injuries such as tendinosis are a common complaint at sports medicine clinics. When conservative management for tendinosis has failed, ultrasound-guided tendon fenestration and injection procedures, such as dry needling, needling tenotomy, autologous whole blood injections, and prolotherapy, can be utilized for treatment. This...

OBJECTIVE In recent years, significant steps have been made in integrating basic science and clinical medicine. There remains a gap in adding the third pillar of education: health systems science (HSS). Core clerkships represent an ideal learning venue to integrate all three. Students can experience the value of integrating basic science as they le...

Micro-expressions are a type of real emotional expression, which are unconscious and difficult to hide. Identifying these expressions has great potential applications in areas such as civil aviation security, criminal interrogation, and clinical medicine. However, because of their characteristics such as short duration, low intensity, and sparse ac...

Seizures can be induced by genetic factors, developmental brain abnormalities, infection, brain injury, or tumors.1 Many of these conditions are intractable, but dietary modifications have been shown to be efficacious in reducing seizure frequency by 90% or higher as compared to usual care. Typically, this is accomplished by using low-carbohydrate...

Background: Web-based risk prediction tools for cardiovascular diseases are crucial for providing rapid risk estimates for busy clinicians, but there is none available specifically for Chinese subjects. This study developed ChineseCVD, first-in-world web-based Chinese-specific Cardiovascular Risk Calculator incorporating long COVID, COVID-19 vaccin...

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of chronic gastrointestinal disorders characterised by complex and multifaceted pathologies. The pursuit of non‐invasive, accurate and rapid diagnostic methods and therapeutic monitoring tools has led to the emergence of Raman spectroscopy (RS) as a promising analytical technique in the...

Introduction Preclinical and experimental research have provided promising evidence that medicinal cannabis may be efficacious in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, implementation of medicinal cannabis into routine clinical therapies may not be straightforward. Areas covered In this review, we describe some of the cli...

Citation: Stursa, L.; Wendl, B.; Jakse, N.; Pichelmayer, M.; Weiland, F.; Antipova, V.; Kirnbauer, B. Accuracy of Palatal Orthodontic Mini-Implants Placed Using Fully Digital Planned Insertion Guides: A Cadaver Study. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 6782. https://doi. Abstract: Digital workflows have become integral in orthodontic diagnosis and therapy, re...

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate quality of life, functional status and pain in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: The sample of this study consisted of 229 outpatients followed up in the rheumatology department of a hospital with a diagnosis of RA and those over 65 years old who were treated in the internal me...