Climatology - Science topic

Dear Colleagues, Natural hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts, and storms continue to pose significant challenges to both human societies and natural ecosystems. These hazards, whether abrupt or evolving over time, present complex challenges that require interdisciplinary approaches to understand, predict,...

Climate change stands as one of the defining challenges of our time, casting a long and ominous shadow over global food security. As we witness the intensification of extreme weather events, shifts in precipitation patterns, and the inexorable rise in temperatures, the impact on agriculture becomes increasingly evident. In the face of this existent...

Smartphones are equipped with embedded Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) chips that support multiple satellite systems, enhancing precision in positioning, navigation, and timing services. The introduction of GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) leverages these capabilities by analyzing multipath signals and reflections to estimate...

In this study, we introduced a new convection scheme in an atmosphere–ocean-coupled model called Coupled general circulation model For the Earth Simulator (CFES). A 150-year CFES simulation shows that the SST bias is almost comparable to that of the simulation with the previous (Emanuel) convection scheme in CFES. The new convection scheme clearly...

High-quality ocean and coastal circulation predictions strongly rely on the availability of accurate time series of main meteocean forcing, e.g. wind velocity, atmospheric air pressure. In this study, we formulated and tested on a real case a new approach for generating medium term time series of meteocean data from available reanalysis database. W...

The study examines the connection between the geopotential height (Z850 hPa) and the temperature (°C) and precipitation (mm) in Iraq. The observation data for climatological parameters that are currently available from the Iraqi meteorological organization are used. The temporal analysis of precipitation had a homogeneous data with a single mean fo...

Plain Language Summary This research aims to explore the influence of foehn winds on surface temperatures in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica during austral winters. The unique spatial patterns of foehn‐induced warming in the McMurdo Dry Valleys during austral winter become apparent in satellite‐derived temperature data, particularly, as in this seaso...

As Arctic sea ice rapidly melts, trans‐Arctic shipping routes are emerging with significant economic value and potentially reshaping global shipping patterns. The safety of ships navigating along these routes will be severely threatened by low visibility caused by Arctic sea fog. Here, we utilize ship and coastal site observations spanning 1979–202...

Previous studies assessing population exposure to heat stress have focused primarily on environmental heat loads without accounting for variations in human thermo–physiological responses to heat. A novel 30-year (1991–2020) human thermal bioclimate dataset, consisting of hourly mPET (modified physiologically equivalent temperature) values for diver...

We investigate the climatology of Neutral Density Disturbances (NDDs) collocated with Equatorial Plasma Irregularities (EPIs) at altitudes above 450 km by using 20 years of data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE‐FO satellites. Electron density data are used to detect EPIs, and thermospheric neutral density measured...

We present a new gridded data set of air temperature change across global land and ocean extending back to the 1780s. This data set, called the GloSAT reference analysis, has two novel features: it uses marine air temperature observations rather than the sea surface temperature measurements typically used by pre-existing data sets, and it extends f...

Since Iran has different climatic conditions,Therefore variety of cloud forms can be seen. In different parts of the country during a year .To measure the amount of cloud cover the sky divided into form (0-2/8), (3-6/8) and (7-8/8) To study the cloudiness situation and its relationship with altitude, latitude and longitude, at first considered clim...

Many current gridded surface meteorological datasets are inadequate for quantifying near-surface spatiotemporal variability because they do not fully represent the impacts of land surface heterogeneity. Of note, explicit representation of the spatial structure and magnitude of local urban warming are usually lacking. Here we enhance the representat...

The third campaign for the calibration and intercomparison of solar UV radiometers (UVC III) took place at Davos, Switzerland in June–August 2022. More than 70 radiometers participated in the campaign and measured side-by-side with the portable reference spectroradiometer QASUME. By using inputs from various sources, the UVIOS2 system was used to e...

Today's Arctic is characterized by a lengthening of the sea ice melt season, as well as by fast and at times unseasonal melt events. Such anomalous melt cases have been identified in Pacific and Atlantic Arctic sector sea ice studies. Through observational analyses, we document an unprecedented, concurrent marginal ice zone melt event in the Bering...

Streamflow forecasting is of great importance in water resource management and flood warnings. Machine learning techniques can be utilized to assist with river flow forecasting. By analyzing historical time-series data on river flows, weather patterns, and other relevant factors, machine learning models can learn patterns and relationships to prese...

Understanding convective processes leading to severe weather hazards within Mediterranean cyclones is relevant for operational forecasters, insurance industry, and enhancing societal preparedness. In this work we examine the climatological link between Mediterranean cyclones and atmospheric conditions conducive to the formation of severe convection...

USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service pasture and rangeland condition data were used to establish a novel spatiotemporal climatology of condition ratings across the conterminous United States for the May–October grazing season over the 1995–2022 study period. On average, the coverage of grazing land that provides adequate or excess feed und...

In the context of climate change, beyond mitigation agreements and actions, it is imperative to develop and launch adaptation plans locally, and this by homogeneous entity (school, factory, hospital, etc.). One of the first steps in building this plan is to conduct a vulnerability study of the entity concerned. And this study has as input data the...

Because of the rudimentary reporting methods and general lack of documentation, the creation of a severe weather database within the Philippines has been difficult yet relevant target for climatology purposes and historical interest. Previous online severe weather documentation i.e. of tornadoes, waterspouts, and hail events, has also often been fe...

Building energy efficiency, consumption and comfort are aspects to be evaluated in the energy simulation of buildings (BES). However, their results deviate from reality leading to the need to improve their accuracy through calibration. In this regard, a rural house located in a cold climate at more than 3000 meters above sea level, is energetically...

We investigate the impact of increasing horizontal model resolution on the oceanic mixing processes in the North Atlantic, their drivers, their link with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), and the propagation of newly generated dense waters through the deep western boundary current (DWBC). We use three versions of the EC-Earth...

Meteorologický časopis || Prejavy súčasného rýchleho otepľovania klímy sú v zimnom období čoraz výraznejšie. Preto je prekvapujúce, že na pozícii najteplejšieho decembra v histórii meteorologických meraní na Slovensku stále figuruje december 1934. Pri príležitosti 90. výročia zverejňujeme obsiahlejšiu meteorologickú a klimatologickú analýzu počasia...

Precipitation plays a fundamental role in tropical regions, influencing human, economic, and environmental activities. Knowledge of the characteristics of this climatological variable is essential for planning and monitoring the impacts caused by rain, and one way to analyze changes is to monitor the evolution of the percentiles of the precipitatio...

The tidal flow of seawater across the Earth’s magnetic field induces electric currents and magnetic fields within the ocean and solid Earth. The amplitude and phase of the induced fields depend on the electrical properties of both seawater and the solid Earth, and thus can be used as proxies to study the seabed properties or potentially for monitor...

Observational data of the Earth’s weather and climate at the level of ground-based weather stations are prone to gaps due to a variety of causes. These gaps can inhibit scientific research as they impede the use of numerical models for agricultural, meteorological and climatological applications as well as introducing analytic biases. In this resea...

Electrical conductivity of the Earth’s oceans is an important oceanographic parameter related through its dependence on temperature and salinity to the state of the ocean. The tidally induced magnetic field then provides a directly and globally observable physical variable affected by the ocean conductivity spatial and temporal distribution. This c...

As a key component of the clean energy transition, solar photovoltaic (PV) generation is expanding rapidly. Atmospheric aerosols affect solar resources, reducing usable radiation and decreasing PV potential. To investigate the aerosols role on Australian PV potential, the WRF-Solar model is used to simulate the 2019 climate, focusing on the summer...

Background Climate change in the upcoming years will raise the health burden of zoonotic parasites. As a liver fluke, Fasciola depends on certain climate conditions to complete its life cycle and is significantly influenced by climate changes. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the increasing prevalence of human fascioliasis and clima...

The motivation behind our study is to identify a robust method to enhance the accuracy of missing data,particularly chlorophyll-a data, which often goes undetected due to various factors. This study analyzeschlorophyll-a concentrations and sea level changes due to tides using three methods: Linear Interpolation,Fillgaps, and Modified Fillgaps. Two...

Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, is one of regions prone to earthquake hazards. Daily seismic activity, albeit minor, and imperceptible to humans is common place. Data from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency reveals an average of eight earthquakes per week. Earthquakes often trigger subsequent disasters such as tsunamis, landslides, a...

The continental United States is a global hotspot of severe thunderstorms and therefore is particularly vulnerable to social and economic damages from high-impact severe convective weather (SCW), such as tornadoes, thunderstorm winds, and large hail. However, our knowledge of the spatiotemporal climatology and variability of SCW occurrence is still...

Caelus is an integrated artificial intelligence system developed for predicting parameters of the intense rainfall equation, climatological water balance, and climate forecasting. This system was applied in a comprehensive study in the North and Northwest regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro, where the results were compared with data available in...

A persistent cooling trend in the subpolar North Atlantic known as the North Atlantic Warming Hole (NAWH) has appeared in sea surface temperature (SST) observations since 1870, and the reasons for its persistence in an era of rapid anthropogenic global warming remain elusive. Here we investigate the response of the atmosphere to the NAWH in a set o...

Plain Language Summary The center of the Hadley circulation is north of the equator and the oceanic subtropical cell in the Southern Hemisphere is stronger than that in the north. These cause an uneven response in equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures (SST) to forcings from the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres. We use a set of idealized...

Warm fronts often trigger significant weather changes, which also play a role in many extreme weather incidents. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the location and characteristics of warm fronts to accurately forecast weather changes. However, warm fronts are more difficult to identify than cold fronts on average, since the gradients can be we...

In climatology, the tropical cyclones become active and shift northward over the western North Pacific (WNP) around pentad 41 (20–24 July), corresponding to the WNP summer monsoon onset, which is a phenomenon characterized by the abrupt northeastward extension of strong convection. This study investigates the change in tropical cyclone genesis duri...

A large ensemble of climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 is analyzed to characterize changes in runoff over western and central Europe in the late 21st century under a high-end emissions scenario. Our second objective is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the inter-model uncertaint...

The study addresses the elevated occurrence of lightning activity and associated incidents over Kerala, India, where the topography is complex. It aims to systematically investigate the spatiotemporal variations in lightning activity while elucidating the intricate relationships of lightning occurrences with dynamic and thermodynamic variables. Lig...

ClimeApp is a newly developed web-based processing tool for the state-of-the-art ModE-RA palaeo-climate reanalysis. It presents temperature, precipitation and pressure reconstructions with global coverage and monthly resolution for the period 1422 to 2008 CE. These can be visualized as maps or time series and are compared with historical or other c...

Acoustics is most effective in undersea detection, localization, and communication. Establishment of a global climatological dataset of undersea acoustic parameters becomes urgent. In building such a dataset, first we use the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater-2010 (TEOS-10) to calculate the sound speed (SS) from the gridded temperature and salinit...

Buku Anomali Cuaca dan Iklim membawa pembaca mendalami kompleksitas dan dinamika sistem iklim yang terdiri dari atmosfer, hidrosfer, lithosfer, biosfer, humanosfer, dan kriosfer. Melalui interaksi sub-sistem ini, penulis menjelaskan mengapa memahami cuaca dan iklim menjadi tantangan besar, bahkan dengan kemajuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi....

Land surface models represent exchange processes between soil and the atmosphere via the land surface by coupling water, energy and carbon fluxes. As a strong mediator between these cycles, vegetation is an important component of land surface models. Some land surface models include modules for vegetation dynamics, which allow for the adjustment of...

Atmospheric stability controls the evolution of wind turbine wakes, and thus the yield and performance of wind parks. For estimations of wind park power output and for improving analyses of wind park wakes, crucial parameters were found to be profiles of atmospheric temperature and stability metrics. Atmospheric temperature profiles are available f...

The Bering Sea is undergoing major changes from increasing winter temperatures to the north, extreme minimum sea‐ice years in 2018 and 2019, through to an ecosystem reorganisation and negative impacts on communities' economic and subsistence food resources. These events have emerged under a global warming background, with positive feedback processe...

Precipitation concentration represents the temporal unevenness of precipitation over a given period. A higher concentration increases the likelihood of concurrent flooding and drought. While previous studies have primarily focused on precipitation concentration at the daily scale, research on sub‐daily scales remains limited. Furthermore, the impac...

In this paper, we present a statistical analysis of the frequency spectra of vertical velocity W based on data collected by the VHF middle and upper atmosphere (MU) radar from 2.025 to 19.875 km altitude during several days per month over 36 years (1987–2022). We analyzed the mean spectral slopes SW ${S}_{W}$ in the band [0.5–6 hr], which is in the...

To elucidate impacts of an Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event on surface seawater CO2 dynamics, we analyzed data collected along the World Ocean Circulation Experiment Hydrographic Program I08 N line (latitudes 20°S–6°N at 80°E) in December 2019, when a strong positive IOD (pIOD) event occurred. After removing the effects of anthropogenic CO2 accumula...

Marine low clouds tend to organize into larger mesoscale patterns with distinct morphological appearances over the ocean, referred to as mesoscale morphology. While prior studies have mainly examined the fundamental characteristics and shortwave radiative effects of these mesoscale morphologies, their behaviour in the nighttime marine boundary laye...

By adopting a heatwave (HW) definition with a ∼4-year recurrence frequency at world hot spots, we first examined the 1940–2022 HW climatology and trends in lifespan (duration), severity and recurrence frequency, by comparing the first and last 20-year periods of this 83- year record. Generally, HWs are becoming more frequent and more severe in the...

Este estudo apresenta um relato de experiência sobre uma oficina de letramento climático realizada na comunidade ZEIS Vila Arraes, em Recife-PE. Este trabalho visa relatar a realização da oficina, que teve como objetivo abordar os impactos das mudanças climáticas e eventos climáticos extremos nas populações urbanas vulneráveis, enfatizando a import...

Efficient methods for predicting weather-related hazards are crucial for the effective management of environmental risk. Many environmental hazards depend on the evolution of meteorological conditions over protracted periods, requiring assessments that account for evolving conditions. The TAMSAT-ALERT approach addresses this challenge by combining...

Ionospheric tomography offers three-dimensional (3D) description of the electron density distribution, enabling the direct incorporation of electron density data into the slant total electron content (STEC) computation. As a result, STEC derived from tomography helps mitigate the ionospheric delay experienced in the line of sight between global nav...

Understanding urban vertical structures, particularly building heights, is essential for examining the intricate interaction between humans and their environment. Such datasets are indispensable for a variety of applications, including climate modeling, energy consumption analysis, and socioeconomic activities. Despite the importance of this inform...

Se examinan los resultados del análisis de radionucleidos en cinco muestras de rocas colectadas en el arroyo Aguas Santa, uno de los sitios que hacen parte del campo de aguas termominerales y medicinales del territorio y en los que, por lo común, se examina con preferencia el agua superficial y subterránea para conocer su fondo radiológico y sus pr...

In our contemporary era, meteorological weather forecasts increasingly incorporate ensemble predictions of visibility—a parameter of great importance in aviation, maritime navigation, and air quality assessment, with direct implications for public health. However, this weather variable falls short of the predictive accuracy achieved for other quant...

Solar energy production is vastly affected by climatological factors. This study examines the impact of two primary climatological factors, aerosols and clouds, on solar energy production at two of the world's largest solar parks, Benban and Al Dhafrah Solar Parks, by using Earth observation data. Cloud microphysics were obtained from EUMETSAT, and...

Weather and climate forecasting is vital for sectors such as agriculture and disaster management. Although numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems have advanced, forecasting at the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) scale, spanning 2 to 6 weeks, remains challenging due to the chaotic and sparse atmospheric signals at this interval. Even state-of-the-...

Rapid expansion (RE) of tropical cyclones (TCs) is a structural evolution that specifies the dramatic geometric synthesis increase in TC size. Its destructive potential is comparable or even more pronounced than that by the TC rapid intensification but receives limited attention. In this study, we utilise the ERA5‐derived 41‐year (1979–2019) global...