Climate Change - Science topic

I have no quarrel with your study as i stated it can form a background for future analysis. But were I am from quoting any study from more than 5 years ago would put me in the red. Its why i said not really.

Though interventions that may work in your country may not actually work in my environment. Global policies on sustainable environment does not seem to be making any progress in my country.

So for my environment other innovative interventions may be more productive

As part of my work, I am exploring how high-performance building envelopes, particularly focusing on materials and construction techniques, can significantly reduce the energy demand of buildings and contribute to sustainable, low-carbon solutions.

The CESBP 2025 symposium provides an ideal platform for sharing insights and learning from the latest innovations in building physics, which directly supports my goal of advancing a fabric-first strategy as a key solution for achieving net-zero energy in buildings.

I am particularly interested in the opportunity to engage with experts and academics in the field, as well as to present my research on integrating fabric-first principles into building design for improved energy efficiency. I believe that the knowledge shared at the symposium will help refine my approach and contribute valuable insights to my ongoing research.

Estimada Gloria,

respondo a través de diferentes puntos, ya que la respuesta puede ser tan amplia como se quiera. Envío solo cinco apuntes:

1) El turismo es también responsable del cambio climático (CC). Debe observar igualmente en esa dirección...no debe obviar este enfoque.

2) Pero al mismo tiempo y como Ud comenta, este sector es vulnerable al CC. No obstante, los niveles de vulnerabilidad varían de una zona geográfica a otra. Para su caso, es muy interesante, por tratar en el estudio una cultura ancestral de mas de 2500 años.

3) Esta centrando su atención en aspectos de biodiversidad. Por tanto, el análisis debe ser integrador: Turismo, CC y Biodiversidad.

4) Debes hacer un análisis de aquellas especies que actualmente son amenazadas. La planificación de actividades de ocio deben elaborarse considerando las especies amenazadas, mas las que pueden encontrarse en ese estado según los cambios que este experimentando el clima de la zona.

5) El punto anterior debe conducir a estudiar cambios teniendo en cuenta escenarios climáticos futuros.

Resumen: esto lleva un estudio multidisciplinario, sin excluir la mirada desde las Ciencias Sociales.

Ani, I see you perhaps did not take a look at the perfect sustainability market article before commenting as your comment is about the workings of imperfect financial markets, but your comment is relevant as it can be seen from the opposite side imperfect sustainability markets...

But deb management or any type of management of a crisis without FIXING THE ROOTCAUSE of the crisis like with the 2008/2009 financial crisis means soon we will be in the situation "HERE WE GO AGAIN"....

Thank you for taking the time to write

Ani, given your comment, you may find some good food for thoughts in the following article:

Dear Abhiji, thank you for taking the time to write. This question is tricky because it needs to be looked from outside the box or outside traditional economic thinking.

The similarity is that all of them are markets and can be framed as perfect markets, but each of them has a different knowledge base that supports its working. For example, the knowledge based of pollution production markets DOES NOT WORK in pollution reduction markets.

You may find the following article full of food for thoughts I think given your comment and I respectfully share it here:

The cimate transformation is not may be predicted at recent level of the Earth sciences. We cannot teach pupils about any unpredictable (not well modelled) subject. But we can teach about some investigation methods that may be valued in ecology - mean first of all chemistry.

That is true. Science provides the foundation, but it is up to humanity to take the next step forward.

Hi Dear Anas,

I am having the same problem with importing the netcdf file into HEC-HMS. I was wondering if you could solve the problem, and if you could, what is the solution.

Many thanks

In 2012, a profound shift in economic thinking began to emerge as societies grappled with sustainability issues & the shift highlighted a critical examination of our reliance on traditional economic models that prioritize short-term growth over long-term ecological stability. One of the primary reasons for this regression in economic thinking is the pervasive reliance on outdated metrics, such as GDP, which often overlooks environmental costs & social well-being. Further complicating this issue is the tendency to view sustainability as a niche concern rather than an integral component of economic strategy. As policymakers and businesses prioritize immediate profits, sustainable practices are frequently sidelined, leading to a cycle of exploitation and degradation of natural resources. Additionally, the influence of powerful lobbying groups often skews the conversation, hindering the advancement of innovative, sustainable practices. While we have the tools and knowledge to forge a sustainable path forward, the inertia of old economic paradigms, coupled with resistance to change and a lack of interdisciplinary collaboration, has caused us to stagnate. Addressing these challenges requires a fundamental rethinking of our economic principles, integrating sustainability as a core value rather than an afterthought, and fostering a holistic understanding of the interconnectedness of our economies, environments, and societies.

Osama, since 1987 WCED the world knew that there was a need to transition systematically, locally and globally, to clean economies and leave pollution production economies like the coal based economy and the oil based economy behind. No plan has ever been made, even the paris agreement avoids going beyond managing externalities a la sustainable development.... The paper is above a step by step way to do it if one day the world has to do it..... The sustainability crisis under management sooner or later will backfire and force a more painful and faster local and global transition from pollution production economies to pollution reduction economies and then to clean economies....You can see the trend of the crisis from bad to worse by looking at data WCED 1987 and 2024....while the problem has been under management instead of being fixed....

Thank you for taking the time to comment

In 2011, economic discussions often centered on the challenges faced by economies heavily reliant on non-renewable resources, such as oil and minerals. These economies, sometimes referred to as "dying economies" due to their vulnerability to resource depletion and market volatility, were contrasted with more sustainable or "eternal" economies that diversified their economic activities.

To move from a non-renewable resource-based economy to a more diversified and sustainable one, several approaches have been proposed:

Dear Seda H. Bostancı

Thanks for the opportunity!

Lawrence, thank you for taking the time to comment and share ideas that could be linked to those in this article.

Take a look at this article when you have time, you may find some good food for thoughts within it.

Respectfully yours;

Lucio

Good day Gokhan, nice to see it got your attention.

Take a look at this old article, you may find some interesting food for thoughts.

Respectfully yours;

Lucio

To find research on the impact of climate change on human health in Africa, try using databases like DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) and Web of Science with specific keywords. Suggested keywords include:

- "Climate change" AND "human health" AND "Africa"

- "Impact of climate change on health in Africa"

- "Climate change and disease in Africa"

- "Climate change effects on African health outcomes"

Using these keywords should help retrieve relevant studies focused on health outcomes, disease patterns, and climate-related health risks across African regions.

Thank you.

Thank you for writing Dariusz. The period between 1987 WCED report and the future will become known as the period of sustainability paradigm shift avoidance in the annals of economic thoughts that were ignored and the cause of future human misery.....

Have a nice day!

Geoffrey, thank you for taking the time to comment.

Keep in mind, the margins once internalized by all producers/ firms or agricultural producers/firms do not remain static, trade margins become the drivers of fair trade production towards maximizing fair trade profits at the lowest fair trade market price possible, meaning at the lowest fair trade margin possible; and hence, making that way fair trade margin reduction a good fair trade profit making opportunity while driving those markets towards clean fair trade markets as the fair trade margins added tend towards zero.

I do appreciate your comment

Check the article when you have time Wilfred,

Have a nice day!

Hi Abdulkarim Almuhammad

Thank you for participating in the discussion.

Absolutely! I agree with you.

So, how can Artificial Intelligence provide us with a field of struggle against serious problems that concern the whole world such as climate change and global warming? Do you have concrete views?

Recep Baydemir

Yes, artificial intelligence (AI) can significantly contribute to combating climate change by enhancing our understanding, predicting impacts, and creating more efficient solutions. Here are some ways AI is already making a difference:

1. Climate Modeling and Prediction

2. Carbon Emission Reduction and Monitoring

3. Renewable Energy Optimization

4. Agriculture and Land Management

5. Disaster Response and Adaptation

6. Energy Efficiency in Smart Cities

While AI has great potential, its effectiveness in combating climate change depends on appropriate data access, ethical use, and collaboration across industries and governments.

Thank you for writing Hamid, I wrote that article because despite all being written about what is and what is not sustainability RESEARCHERS AND INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS keep using sustainable development as sustainability or sustainability as sustainable development and worse, the UN defining sustainability as sustainable development and they should know better.

I expanded the theory of sustainability to include the theory of SUSTAINABILITY MARKETS to force food for thoughts:

Sharing here in good faith

2009

Beyond traditional sustainable development: Stating specific and general sustainability theory and sustainability indices using ideal present-absent qualitative comparative conditions

2003

Linking Sustainable Development Indicators by Means of Present/Absent Sustainability Theory and Indices: The Case of Agenda 21

2016

Beyond Green Market Thinking: What would be the Structure of the Perfect Sustainability Market?

2019

From Traditional Markets to Sustainability Markets: A Look at Markets Under Perfect Sustainability Market Competition

Dear Sir, I am interested in writing a book chapter on this topic. Kindly send the details on nitinppatil.7400@gmail.com

To explore the impact of global climate change on business sustainability in Southwest Nigeria, several journal articles delve into related environmental and economic effects. For instance, studies indicate that climate change affects business operations through disruptions in supply chains, food insecurity, and extreme weather events impacting infrastructure. Additionally, agriculture, critical to the region’s economy, faces challenges like saltwater intrusion and soil erosion due to rising sea levels, impacting both productivity and profitability in business sectors reliant on agriculture.

Some useful articles for your topic include those in the Global Journal of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences and Sustainable Development in Nigeria journals, which examine these climate and economic dynamics in depth. AMBIO is also good.

Optimizing Pakistan’s green landscape through Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a promising path to address future environmental, economic, and social challenges. Given Pakistan’s diverse ecosystems, including forests, grasslands, agricultural areas, and urban green spaces, AI can play a critical role in optimizing landscape management, improving resource efficiency, and mitigating the impacts of climate change. Here are some key areas where AI can be leveraged effectively:

1. Precision Agriculture for Sustainable Food Production

2. Forestation and Reforestation Initiatives

3. Urban Green Space Management

4. Water Resource Management

5. Combating Climate Change and Promoting Renewable Energy

6. Biodiversity Conservation

Revered Professor Dr.Seda H. Bostanci,

Greetings.

I have replied to the Symposium Email.

I am in need of your email ID and WhatsApp Cell phone number for future communications because the duration is very short.

I will facilitate all the Abstracts and Full papers as early as possible Professor.

I need your kind help and support.

Rest will be in your email.

Regards

Senapathy

Ethiopia

There are dust clouds which has created deserts from western India to Morocco for the last 2,000-5,500 years, that you can read about at https://www.ecoseeds.com/cool.html

What the dust in the air does, is it changes the dew point, so that moisture cannot form rain clouds. The other thing it does, is forms a wall against rain clouds, so they stall and pour rain on that barrier. This dust cloud is so strong, it can stop Category-5 cyclones like GONU you can see at https://www.ecoseeds.com/GONU.html

However, since 1985, the amount of moisture in the air has increase due to Global Warming, so that is cancelling out the effects of the dust. In the past in Arabia, the torrential rains used to happen every few centuries. Now if is several times a year, that you can read about at https://www.ecoseeds.com/cool2.html

By replanting the local native grasses, wildflowers and trees, that insulates the land and settles the dust, so that the dew point can change and produce gentle rains instead of torrential flood. Also, by cloud seeding on a weekly basis, then the rain clouds and moisture can be dispersed and directed somewhat and keep it moving instead of flooding a particular spot.

We have been having four years of discussions about this issue at https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_we_can_reach_the_food_security_in_country_90_is_desert

and for two years at https://www.researchgate.net/post/Climate_change_or_water_resource_management_Which_has_caused_the_intensification_of_dust_storms_in_the_Middle_East

Yes, soil can significantly mitigate climate change by acting as a carbon sink. Through soil conservation practices like agroforestry, no-till farming, cover cropping, and adding organic amendments (such as compost or biochar), soils can store more carbon. This sequestered carbon helps reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Soil amendments like biochar, compost, and crop residues are particularly effective in enhancing soil carbon storage due to their stable nature and ability to improve soil structure.

For further reading, check out the article-

Thank you so much

Souyene, the article is full of food for thoughts about what environmentalist should focus on achieving consistent with social needs to ensure a responsible renewable energy based world, BUT IT WAS NOT DONE so now we can look back at what went wrong and the cost, environmentally and socially of unsystematic renewable energy policies and unsustainability linkages

When you have time, take a look at the article

Yes, I'm definitely interested in the old formal theory of sustainability and indices from 2003, prior to Rio+20. I haven't seen the article yet, but I would love to take a look. Could you share the link or more details about it?

Good day Trishika, thank you for taking the time to write.

The article has some good food for thoughts still relevant today, but thinking outside the box.

Good day Prem, thank you for writing. Wish you find some good food for thoughts in it.

Dear Lucio,

In my opinion, Thomas Kuhn's paradigm evolution loop can indeed be a valuable tool in understanding the future development (or decline) of so-called “dwarf green markets.” Kuhn argued that science (and, more broadly, cognitive paradigms in society) develops through revolutionary change rather than gradual evolution. In short, when the current paradigm ceases to explain reality and its internal contradictions become too severe, a crisis arises, leading to the emergence of a new paradigm.

In the context of sustainable development, the issue has long struggled with theoretical and practical inadequacies, as was clearly evident since the 1987 Brundtland Report. Despite efforts to implement sustainable development solutions, issues such as pollution and climate change continue to worsen. In this sense, as you yourself note, there is a growing inconsistency between sustainability theory and actual results. In Kuhn's model, we could interpret this as a sign of a growing crisis in the paradigm of the traditional market economy, which is unable to respond effectively to environmental challenges.

Besides, “dwarfing green markets” could be seen as an attempt to patch up the existing system, which is itself structurally flawed. The traditional market model, based on Adam Smith's principles that reward short-term profits and ignore long-term environmental costs, distorts the real prices of green goods. Green markets, which are largely part of the current system, do not offer a full paradigm shift - rather, they represent a minimal modification of the paradigm, attempting to introduce green principles into a model that was not designed with sustainability in mind.

Viewed from Kuhn's perspective, these “patched” systems have limited sustainability. If the price distortions and imperfections of the traditional market model continue to worsen, as seems inevitable in the face of growing ecological problems, the current paradigm could enter a crisis phase. This leads to the possibility of the collapse of “dwarf green markets” as too weak to survive, and the need to replace them with a new, more radical approach to sustainability.

In view of the above, it can be concluded that Kuhn's paradigm evolution loop actually suggests that the future collapse of dwarf green markets is highly probable. In the longer term, there may be a breakthrough that will replace the current imperfect solutions with a new paradigm based on more fundamental economic and social changes that will be better able to respond to the challenges of sustainable development.

I would hereby like to add that Thomas Kuhn's paradigm evolution loop can be interpreted as a key model to explain both the potential demise of “dwarf green markets” and the need to implement a fundamental green transformation of the economy. Sustainable economic development, the green transformation of the economy, and the development of fully green markets are concepts that go beyond Adam Smith's traditional market paradigm, based on short-term profits and ignoring long-term environmental costs. The rationale for pursuing a green transition is based on the fact that only by building a zero-carbon, circular and environmentally responsible economy will it be possible to meet the challenges of sustainable development and minimize further negative impacts of climate change and ecosystem degradation.

To summarize these considerations of mine, Kuhn's paradigm evolution loop can be seen as an argument that without implementing fundamental changes in economic thinking, current “patched” models of sustainability, such as “dwarf green markets,” will not survive. Their place will be taken by more holistic and responsible economic models that are better suited to the challenges of the modern world. A circular economy, zero-carbon, based on renewable energy and integrated with corporate social responsibility, is the future that will truly achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

I pointed out various aspects of this important issue for the future of the planet, the future of the planet's climate and biosphere, and for the future of future generations of people in my article:

I invite you to join me in scientific cooperation,

Kind regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

James, thank you for commenting. The reason I wrote that article in 2002 was that I saw moved towards a single focus on human causes only isolated from even the idea that earth is more than humans.

All the aspects you highlighted Jams are consistent with the implication of the simple formula I shared in the article and the piece by piece puzzle implications.

Global Climate Change and Policy are intricately linked as climate change continues to be one of the most pressing issues facing the world today. Effective policies, both at the national and international levels, are crucial to mitigating the impacts of global warming and ensuring sustainable development. Below is a comprehensive overview of the key aspects of climate change, its impacts, and how policies are being developed to address this global challenge.1. Understanding Global Climate Change: Global climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and weather patterns on a global scale, primarily driven by human activities, notably the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and deforestation. These activities increase the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) like carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) in the atmosphere, trapping heat and causing the Earth's temperature to rise—often referred to as global warming.Key Impacts of Climate Change: Rising Temperatures: Global average temperatures have risen by approximately 1.2°C since pre-industrial times (1880). This warming is linked to more frequent and intense heatwaves. Sea Level Rise: Melting polar ice and the thermal expansion of seawater have contributed to rising sea levels, threatening coastal communities with flooding and erosion. Extreme Weather Events: Climate change is linked to an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, floods, and wildfires. Ecosystem Disruption: Many species face extinction due to changing habitats, ocean acidification, and disruptions in food chains. Agricultural Impact: Changing climate patterns can lead to reduced crop yields, threatening food security, especially in vulnerable regions. Human Health: Increased temperatures and altered weather patterns contribute to the spread of diseases, malnutrition, and heat-related illnesses. 2. Global Climate Change Policy Frameworks: Policymaking around climate change has evolved at various levels, involving governments, international organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector. The policies aim to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation) and adapting to its inevitable impacts (adaptation).A. International Agreements and Treaties: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC):Established in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit, the UNFCCC is the key international treaty for addressing climate change. It sets the groundwork for global cooperation to reduce GHG emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Kyoto Protocol (1997):The Kyoto Protocol was the first legally binding international agreement under the UNFCCC, which set specific emission reduction targets for industrialized countries. The agreement was in effect from 2005 to 2020, though it faced criticism for excluding developing nations from binding targets and not including major emitters like the U.S. (which never ratified the treaty). Paris Agreement (2015):The Paris Agreement is a landmark global accord to combat climate change and accelerate the transition to a low-carbon future. Its goal is to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C, preferably to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs): Under the Paris Agreement, countries submit NDCs outlining their plans to reduce GHG emissions and adapt to climate impacts. These are revised every five years, with the aim of increasing ambition. Global Stocktake: A process every five years to assess progress towards the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement. COP (Conference of the Parties):The COP is the annual climate conference held under the UNFCCC. It serves as a key forum for negotiations between member countries. Notable COPs include COP21 (Paris Agreement) and COP26 (Glasgow), where further commitments on reducing emissions, financing climate action, and enhancing adaptation were discussed. B. National Policies: Many countries have developed national policies aimed at reducing emissions and adapting to climate change impacts. These policies include: Carbon Pricing:Carbon Taxes: Governments levy taxes on carbon emissions, encouraging industries and consumers to reduce their carbon footprint by making polluting activities more expensive. Cap-and-Trade Systems: Countries or regions establish a cap on total emissions and allow companies to trade emission permits. The European Union’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is one of the largest cap-and-trade programs. Renewable Energy Policies:Many countries are shifting towards renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydropower to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Government incentives, subsidies, and mandates play a significant role in promoting the use of renewable energy. Energy Efficiency Standards:Policies that set efficiency standards for buildings, vehicles, appliances, and industrial processes help reduce energy use and lower emissions. Adaptation and Resilience Planning:National adaptation plans (NAPs) focus on preparing communities, ecosystems, and infrastructure for climate change impacts, such as sea-level rise, heatwaves, and changing precipitation patterns. Afforestation and Reforestation:Planting trees to absorb CO₂ from the atmosphere (carbon sequestration) is a key policy tool for mitigating climate change. Many countries are investing in large-scale afforestation projects. Transportation Policies:Policies promoting electric vehicles (EVs), public transportation, and non-motorized transport (like biking and walking) are vital in reducing emissions from one of the most significant GHG-emitting sectors. C. Climate Finance: Green Climate Fund (GCF):The GCF was established as part of the UNFCCC framework to assist developing countries in financing their climate action plans. It aims to raise $100 billion annually by 2020 from public and private sources, though meeting this target has been challenging. International Development Aid:Climate change is increasingly becoming a focus of international development assistance, with funds being directed toward renewable energy projects, disaster resilience, and sustainable agriculture in vulnerable regions. Private Sector Investment:Businesses and investors are playing a growing role in climate finance through green bonds, impact investing, and sustainable finance initiatives. Major corporations are also adopting net-zero targets to align with global climate goals. 3. Challenges in Climate Change Policy: Political and Economic Resistance: Transitioning to a low-carbon economy requires significant policy changes, which can face resistance from industries, governments, and regions that rely heavily on fossil fuels. Disparity Between Developed and Developing Nations: While developed countries are historically responsible for the majority of emissions, developing nations are often the most vulnerable to climate impacts. Finding a balance between the right to development and climate action is a major challenge. Ambition Gap: Many countries’ NDCs under the Paris Agreement fall short of the emissions reductions needed to meet the 1.5°C target, leading to calls for increased ambition and faster action. Climate Justice: Climate policies must consider social equity, as vulnerable populations, including indigenous communities and low-income groups, are disproportionately affected by climate impacts but have the least capacity to adapt. Technological and Financial Barriers: The cost and technology required for renewable energy transition, carbon capture, and other mitigation measures remain significant hurdles, especially for developing nations. Conclusion: Global climate change policies are vital to addressing the interconnected challenges of environmental sustainability, economic development, and human well-being. International agreements like the Paris Agreement and national policies, including carbon pricing, renewable energy promotion, and climate finance mechanisms, are key steps toward limiting global warming and adapting to its inevitable impacts. However, significant challenges remain, including the need for greater ambition, equitable solutions, and technological innovation.

for health care AI can contribute to avoid compliance and dosing errors in the elderly population and to avoid untoward effects due to the same. Signal monitoring of the vitals could be feasible in mandate situations in self implied manner.

This content is very professional. I admire this author very much. I hope I can have a chance to communicate more and become friends.

Your question needs to be more specific, as the topic is fairly large and complicated. You might want to check the latest IPCC library for comprehensive reports, updated evidence and latest models. See link below: https://www.ipcc.ch/library/

Mentioning 'ecocide' solely in the context of conflicts seems rather pointless. Since all consideration. for human rights is abrogated in practice in armed conflict the whole notion seems futile.

Ecocide as a concept seems a trifle morally pretentious where human life is under direct threat. All armed conflicts damage the environment and this is even prohibited in the Old Testament of the Bible.

Deuteronomy 20:19–20

I have attached one of my old lectures for reference.

Trung Thành Anthony

Ilan Kelman

Abdelhak Maghchiche

In my opinion to create policies that encourage people to protect the environment without costing them money, we can focus on making small, simple changes that are easy to follow. For example, we could promote recycling by making it more convenient, like having more recycling bins in neighborhoods. We could also offer free workshops or tips on how to save energy at home, such as using energy-efficient light bulbs. Another idea is to create community programs that reward people for eco-friendly actions, like planting trees or reducing waste, with small tokens of appreciation. By making these actions easy and rewarding, we can inspire people to make a positive environmental impact without extra costs.

@Ali Reza Shahvaran I wish you all the best in your search.

Trung Thành Anthony

Abdelhak Maghchiche

I believe that to encourage creativity and innovation in communities for climate change solutions, you can start by involving local people in the process. Listen to their ideas, support their projects, and provide resources or training if needed. Create a space where everyone feels safe to share and experiment with new ideas that fit the local environment. Collaboration and open communication are key

The choice to use Fahrenheit temperatures instead of Celsius can be viewed in different ways, depending on the context and culture. In some regions, especially the United States, the Fahrenheit scale is the norm and therefore may be considered easier for locals to use, as they are familiar with it. On the other hand, the Celsius scale is widely used in the scientific world and in many countries, and is seen as more logical due to its alignment with the metric system.

Resistance to adopting the Celsius system in places where Fahrenheit is standardized can be interpreted as a form of cultural dogmatism or an aversion to change. However, it can also be a matter of comfort and adaptation to what is already known. Thus, insistence on using Fahrenheit in contexts that favor Celsius can be seen as irrational, but it can also reflect cultural preference. The choice of a thermal scale should ideally prioritize clarity and comprehensibility, especially in situations where accuracy of information is crucial, such as in meteorology or environmental sciences.

This happened because of global warming. I that future climate changes can be prebelievedicted if the extent of global warming is tracked, as it is considered one of the most important causes of climate change. Prediction can depend on

Comparing the climate factors of this region with each other during different time periods, then using statistics to predict its shape in the future.

Neither concept is ready. The climate change is real. The Dutch KNM! explain what is happening as a rresult of higher water amounts in the atmosphere so that there are drougts and flood more than before. Northern Nigeria has experienced a changr in climate b deecause of the loss of the ladang system, deforaationn and change in albedo. There is no longerforest induced rainfall as there is no tropical equatorial forest. Look at the population change during the last 20 to 100 years. Foresta were cut for charcoal, coal, iron, gold and slav.es So moslems are expanding with the help of Putin. The best advice from Confucious is to avoid princes and potentates Live undeground, create banded vegetation and like the bushnan eat the Tsumana mellon

I think: of course the human factor is more important than the technological factor in combating climate change because it drives the awareness, policy changes, and behavioral shifts necessary for sustainable solutions. on the other hand, technology provides tools and innovations to reduce emissions and adapt to changing conditions, it is the human commitment to change—through responsible consumption, activism, and the enforcement of environmental regulations—that ensures these technologies are implemented effectively. Without the collective will and action of people, even the most advanced technologies would fail to make a significant impact.

Since the 16 th century the activity of the sun increases in an oscillating way, since the 16 th century the protective shield of the magnetic field of the Earth diminishes (the magnetic pole does hot migrate any more but it is on the run to a “pole jump”). During the last 2000 years the main catastrophes and geohazards do not show any correlation with the change in the atmospheric CO2 content. The ozone hole after banning the production of chlorofluorocarbons is opening and closing and does not take any notice of the human impact.

See:

Journal of Military Technology (Wehrtechnik) 2023/2024

· Part 1 https://wehrtechnik.info/index.php/2023/11/30/worueber-der-weltklimarat-nicht-spricht/

· Part 2 https://wehrtechnik.info/index.php/2024/05/22/worueber-der-weltklimarat-nicht-spricht-2/

· Part 3 https://wehrtechnik.info/index.php/2024/05/29/worueber-der-weltklimarat-nicht-spricht-klimawandel-kohlendioxid-und-katastrophen/

· Part 4 https://wehrtechnik.info/index.php/2024/06/13/worueber-der-weltklimarat-nicht-spricht-der-blick-durch-das-ozonloch-auf-die-apokalypse-der-politischen-wissenschaften-und-ihren-turmbau-zu-babel/

HGD

Hi Ranjan,

Yes! Absolutely. Follow the instruction as presented by the call for papers and submit your 200 words abstract first. Thank you for your interest in this project.

If you are looking for Fast Publication in less than 2 months (Scopus and WOS indexed journals) please contact me at +1 (773) 654-4399 for more details.

Climate change may not always kill people directly at a particular location, but it creates extreme environmental conditions and threats, which in turn cause acute and chronic morbidity premature and preventable human mortality in many areas globally. Climate change dictates many aspects of the human environment. It has imposed major threats worldwide, such as monstrous tropical storms, extreme heat waves and cold winter storms, droughts, wildfires, floods, and landslides. Much progress has been made in recognizing the importance of climate change research. Climate change is believed to be the most significant global health threat of the 21st century; human mortality in US cities is reportedly highest on extremely hot, humid summer days, but winter mortality rates are significantly higher than summer rates. Still, not enough attention has focused on monitoring, measuring, and communicating climate change in terms of human mortality. There have been no large-scale, systematic efforts to quantify the heat-related human health impacts associated with climate change.

Environmental factors like climate change significantly impact the distribution and prevalence of disease-carrying insects in several ways:

1. _Temperature increase_: Warmer temperatures expand the geographic range and activity period of insects like mosquitoes and ticks, allowing them to thrive in previously cooler areas.

2. _Changing precipitation patterns_: Altered rainfall and drought patterns affect insect habitats, leading to changes in population dynamics and distribution.

3. _Seasonal disruptions_: Climate change alters the timing of seasonal events, like earlier springs, which can disrupt the synchronization between insects and their hosts or predators.

4. _Increased extreme weather events_: Events like floods and droughts can lead to changes in insect populations and distribution.

5. _Habitat modification_: Climate change alters ecosystems, creating new habitats for disease-carrying insects to colonize.

6. _Human migration and displacement_: Climate change can lead to human migration, potentially exposing new populations to disease-carrying insects.

7. _Insecticide resistance_: Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns can accelerate the development of insecticide resistance in disease-carrying insects.

Examples of disease-carrying insects affected by climate change include:

- Mosquitoes (malaria, dengue, Zika)

- Ticks (Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis)

- Sandflies (leishmaniasis)

- Midges (bluetongue virus)

These changes can lead to increased disease transmission, outbreaks, and epidemics, highlighting the need for climate-informed public health strategies.

Abdelhak Maghchiche Thanks and yes this would be of help for my present research on Soil Micoflora at a particular location in India where there are climate disturbances and yes I am trying this with and without biogas slurry to understand in a better way and at the same time I can have two researches with me

One important reference related to the early arrival of birds

The early bird catches the worm: age-specific arrival time influences reproductive performance in the White Stork Ciconia ciconia, Bird Study, 66:1, 121-129 https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2019.1618240

For the next five years, the Middle East might become an uninhabitable region, prompting significant migration. Currently, at DASSAT, we are conducting a study to predict which plant types (C3 or C4) will survive or perish under the conditions of severe climate change.

Hi Dimitrios,

negative values for the surface geopotential are correct and arise because the reference level (mean sea-level pressure, e.g. 1000hPa) is below topography.

The Saudis with their "Saudi Green Initiative" is doing that right now with cloud seeding, to do atmospheric harvesting and help produce rainfall for the one million trees they are planting each week, for a total of 10 billion trees. They have set aside 200 million hectares as Preserves to replant, and once finished, they are calculating that those trees will remove 5% of the CO2 produced worldwide each year.

Watch the COP27 2020 meeting at YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QO8PcbxOu0Y where the countries planting a total of 50 billion trees, outlines each of their contributions. Picture of the host attached.

The benefit of replanting deserts, is the shade of the plants insulate the surface, so the sun's heat does not get trapped by the CO2 and methane in the air.

See my proposal which was adopted by the Saudis in August, 2010, at https://www.ecoseeds.com/cool.html

Vijay S Kolekar To analyze and improve the quality of extension under a climate change regime, consider the following steps:

1. Assess current extension services: Evaluate the existing extension system's strengths, weaknesses, and capacity to address climate change.

2. Identify climate change impacts: Determine how climate change affects local agriculture, livestock, and natural resources.

3. Develop climate-resilient extension strategies: Integrate climate change mitigation and adaptation into extension services.

4. Enhance capacity building: Train extension agents on climate change, its impacts, and climate-resilient practices.

5. Promote climate-smart agriculture: Encourage practices like agroforestry, conservation agriculture, and integrated pest management.

6. Foster partnerships and collaboration: Engage with research institutions, NGOs, and government agencies to leverage resources and expertise.

7. Monitor and evaluate: Regularly assess the effectiveness of extension services in addressing climate change.

I have similar research work using the AquaCrop model. Please provide more details of the collaboration. Best Regards, Sana Zeeshan

Both carbon fixation and sequestration are essential for managing carbon in the environment, they operate on different principles and timescales, contributing uniquely to the global carbon cycle.

As in what type of method you would have to use, anything related to Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence can usually be reduced to three aspects:

(1) Data recollection

(2) Model building and Validation

(3) Model interpretation and insights

Without having much knowledge about what particular crop or problem you are studying, you will have to gather a comprehensive database with experimental data measuring the variable you want to predict (for example total crop recolection, time to maturity, time to harvest...etc) and with measurements or estimations of the variables you expect to be important for your problem (in this case for example, water availability, temperature and CO2 concentration will probably be useful descriptors).

Once you have assembled a good dataset, you use ML to select the best attributes and then to build predictive models on your dataset.

Then you have to read and understand the predictive models, trying to learn insights about your problem from them.

Yes - but it's quite small. There is a recent paper in Nature Geoscience on this: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01478-2

A future-proof design tool must be scalable to handle increasing data and project complexity, and interoperable with various industry software for seamless data exchange. It should be flexible and customizable to meet diverse project needs, and user-friendly with an intuitive interface. Advanced analytics and simulation capabilities are essential for performance assessments, while features that promote real-time collaboration and communication enhance teamwork. The tool should focus on sustainability, including evaluating environmental impacts, and integrate AI and machine learning for optimization and predictive insights. Robust security measures and continuous updates with strong customer support ensure long-term relevance and protection of project data.

Soil can mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration by storing carbon in organic matter, with sustainable practices like conservation tillage and agroforestry enhancing this capacity. However, poor land management can release stored carbon, worsening climate change. While important, soil management is not a standalone solution; other cost-effective strategies such as restoring degraded lands, using biochar, and adopting climate-smart agricultural practices also contribute to carbon sequestration and improve soil health and resilience.

Hello,

Several of the online tools and models included in the Hydrology Tool Set (HTS; https://portal.hydrotools.tech ) could help with this. I included below a short description of the tools, but you can scroll towards the end to see the approach that I suggest.

All HTS tools and models are free and do not require user registration. None of the tools and models is restricted to specific climate zones or geographical areas and they can be used for any location for which the input data is available.

All HTS tools and models have a streamlined interface, allow for adjusting of the various parameters used, where meant to require minimal input data, and integrate input, visualization (graphs and tables) and export functions.

All HTS tools and models operate with daily datasets and also include test data sets to allow the users to familiarize with them. All the tools come with a Reference Guide and most of the tools are accompanied by peer-review publications.

As of 2024, there are six tools included in HTS as follows:

1) SepHydro (https://sephydro.hydrotools.tech ) for estimating surface runoff and groundwater contributions to streamflow via hydrograph separation. SepHydro is based on 11 previously published algorithms and includes various adaptations;

2) ETCalc (https://etcalc.hydrotools.tech ) for the estimation of potential, reference and actual evapotranspiration based on weather data and crop coefficients. ETCalc is based on 8 previously published methods (Penman-Monteith, Thornthwaite, Blaney-Criddle, Turc, Priestley-Taylor, Hargreaves, Jensen-Haise and Abtew) and includes various adaptations;

3) SWIB (Soil Water Stress, Irrigation Requirement and Water Balance; https://swib.hydrotools.tech ) for assessing crop water stress (either as water deficit or excess), soil water balance and irrigation requirements and its impact on aquifer storage, using soil moisture, evapotranspiration and precipitation data. SWIB has been developed using an innovative conceptual model;

4) SNOSWAB (Snow, Soil Water and Water Balance; https://snoswab.hydrotools.tech ) for estimation of soil water content and soil water balance using air temperature, precipitation, rainfall and evapotranspiration data. SNOSWAB has been developed using an innovative conceptual model and is the most complex model in the suite.

5) RECHARGE BUDDY (or Groundwater Recharge Estimation Tool; https://rbuddy.hydrotools.tech ) for the estimation of groundwater recharge, discharge and change in aquifer storage, based on user-provided specific yield and water table elevations;

6) SNOWFALL BUDDY (or Snowfall and Rainfall Estimation Tool; https://sbuddy.hydrotools.tech ) for the estimation of the snowfall and rainfall components of total precipitation based on air temperature and total precipitation.

Considering the (limited) elements included in your question, I would say that you can replicate the properties from Lanzarote through modelling, specifically by using several of the tools included in HTS; https://portal.hydrotools.tech ) as follows:

1. Use weather data with ETCalc (https://etcalc.hydrotools.tech ) to calculate actual evapotranspiration. The crop can be simulated in ETCalc by using crop coefficients;

2. Use actual evapotranspiration, soil water content and total precipitation with SWIB (https://swib.hydrotools.tech ) to calculate irrigation water requirements for the different crops. The properties of the volcanic ash and soil aggregate (e.g. porosity, layer depth, etc.)can be entered in SWIB. A limitation is that SWIB allows for a simulation of single layer. Thus, you can setup two separate simulations: one for the ash layer and one for the soil layer. Alternatively, if the ash is mixed in the soil layer a single simulation would be sufficient. Of note, for the latter, the soil properties entered in SWIB need to be representative for the ash/soil mixture;

3. If soil water content measurements are not available; you could use SNOSWAB (Snow, Soil Water and Water Balance; https://snoswab.hydrotools.tech ) to estimate soil water content. Soil water content can then used in SWIB to calculate the crop water requirement.

I hope this helps.

Regards, SD