Science topics: GeoscienceAtmospheric SciencesClimate ScienceClimate Change
Science topic

Climate Change - Science topic

Climate Change is an any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.
Questions related to Climate Change
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Ruqayah Al-ani
Ruqayah Al-ani
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Indicators of Climate Change in Your Country?
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3 answers
  • 7 Jan 2025
Climate change is a pressing global issue, and its effects are becoming increasingly evident in many countries. Here are some key indicators of climate change that might be observed in your country or region.
Relevant answer
  • 9 Jan 2025
Answer
Hello Ruqayah
there has been countless studies on climatic indicators. As for ecosystems a study, published about 10 years ago, concluded that KÖPPEN’s aridity index (AI) is probably the most adapted.
AI = P / (T + 33) , where P is the mean annual rainfall in mm, and C the mean average annual temperature in °C
marc
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Balázs Nagy
Balázs Nagy
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
6th Central European Symposium on Building Physics (CESBP 2025)
Question
2 answers
  • 1 Dec 2024
Dear Researchgate Forum users!
I am delighted to invite you to participate in the 6th Central European Symposium on Building Physics (CESBP 2025), scheduled for 11th – 13th September 2025, at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics in Budapest, Hungary. The call for papers just started! Also, we organize an IABP summer school connected to the conference! Please check the attached flyer and cesbp2025.bme.hu, if you are interested. Feel free to ask here, too, if you have questions about the conference!
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  • 8 Jan 2025
Answer
Dear Albert Samai your contribution would be highly welcomed to CESBP 2025 conference.
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Samantha Kayruz
Samantha Kayruz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Are you working on innovations in process methods or technology in the field of agriculture applicable for the MENAT region?
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19 answers
  • 13 Dec 2024
The MENAT Regenerative Agriculture Venture Programme is calling on innovative research, science & nature-based solutions tackling food security, soil health, water scarcity, climate change mitigation and adaptation, carbon sequestration, salinity, biodiversity loss, desertification and rural social welfare.
A transformative journey that aims to:
  • Support the Knowledge Economy by focusing on research, science, and nature-based solutions.
  • Capacity Building in academia and research by fostering regenerative, business, and entrepreneurship skills, bridging the gap between academia, and business sectors.
  • Bring research solutions to life by enabling long-term, accessible, scalable, and sustainable impact solutions.
  • Mobilise a Regenerative Agriculture Movement in the MENAT region, positioning regenerative agriculture as a solution to climate change and regional agricultural challenges in an arid, saline, desert, and water-scarce region.
Applications are now open! Application Deadline: January 6, 2025
To Register & Apply visit: https://goumbook.com/regenerative-agriculture-venture/venture-programme/.
This second year of the MENAT Regenerative Agriculture Venture Programme is in partnership with HSBC and Saudi Awwal Bank (SAB), with the support of the European Institute of Technology Food (EIT) and the United Nations High Level Climate Champions
For further information, including solution categories, benefits, and highlights of finalist solutions from the previous cohort, please visit our website above. You can also refer to the attached flyer.
For news and updates, please follow our LinkedIn page: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/regenerative-agriculture-venture-programme/.
Relevant answer
  • 7 Jan 2025
Answer
yes
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Dariusz Prokopowicz
Dariusz Prokopowicz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
What are the key sources of price increases for many agricultural crops and food products in 2024 in many countries and globally?
Question
3 answers
  • 27 Dec 2024
What are the key sources of price increases for butter, cocoa, orange juice and other agricultural crops and food products in 2024 in many countries and globally?
Do the key sources of the aforementioned increase in the price of agricultural crops and food products in 2024 include the developing diseases attacking crops and farmed livestock, or are they the climate disasters, weather anomalies, environmental degradation resulting from an unsustainable, over-consuming economy and the accelerating process of global warming in many parts of the world?
In my view, the rise in crop and food prices in 2024 is the result of a complex combination of factors, including intensifying climate change, problems with plant and animal diseases, disruptions in global supply chains and rising demand. Addressing this problem requires sustainable actions, such as investment in climate-resilient agricultural technologies, improved international environmental cooperation, and long-term reforms in food security and stability of commodity markets.
I have described the key issues concerning the problems of the ongoing process of global warming, the negative effects of this process and, therefore, the need to scale up and accelerate the implementation of the green transformation of the economy in the following article:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
And what is your opinion on this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
I would like to invite you to join me in scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Relevant answer
  • 27 Dec 2024
Answer
In 2024, food price increases are driven by climate change disrupting crop yields, geopolitical conflicts affecting supply chains, rising input costs for fertilizers and fuel, inflation, supply chain disruptions, and growing global demand for food. These factors combined have created significant challenges for food affordability worldwide.
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Fatema Miah
Fatema Miah
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Climate issues Actions
Question
1 answer
  • 25 Dec 2024
Greetings, on this International festive day, today.
Climate change is prominent issue, let’s leave the arguement about whether global warming or is it cooling, the issue is changing atmosphere’s effects on the biosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere already made drastic turn and causing suffering. The suffering here we are talking about isn’t only manmade war, here we have natural disasters. The climatic change is obvious and before our eyes. To deal with climatic change or be able to deal with climate we must seek solutions.
We need worlds leaders certainly to stand affirmed and sort solutions, mitigation and adaptations. There are many solutions sourghted. Our experts the science and tech professionals are supportive and have come up with technical advancement methods. I have written in other chapters: Physicists have been looking for better functioning and improved methods for nuclear power. Mitigation and adaptation policies already thought about.
There is need for Actions.
Relevant answer
  • 26 Dec 2024
Answer
We please prefer to avoid the term "natural disaster"
1. Book https://global.oup.com/academic/product/disaster-by-choice-9780198841357
2. Paper https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2019.100008
3. Commentary https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/disaster-choice/202005/does-nature-play-disaster-games
4. Blog https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/disaster-choice
5. Vlog https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlVyY1UAOnU&list=PLCuu5t_nsFKC5IbjnahIEoKHK8o2vegaZ
Thank you!
Hence, the relationship between climate change and disasters is complicated:
1. Commentaries:
a) General https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/disaster-choice/202005/does-climate-change-cause-disasters
b) Tectonics https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/disaster-choice/202006/climate-change-earthquakes-and-volcanic-eruptions
c) Wildfires https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/disaster-choice/202009/does-climate-change-cause-wildfire-disasters
2. Scientific papers:
a) https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-015-0046-5
b) https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-015-0038-5
c) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2294-0
Similarly, applying widespread experience on disaster diplomacy https://www.disasterdiplomacy.org/ it is not clear the human-caused climate change affecting conflict.
See also the IPCC's conclusions https://theconversation.com/ipcc-report-how-politics-not-climate-change-is-responsible-for-disasters-and-conflict-178071
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Suresh Kumar Govindarajan
Suresh Kumar Govindarajan
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Are we marching towards significant variations in ocean salinity resulting from climate change?
Question
1 answer
  • 22 Dec 2024
Climate Change and Oceanography
1. Are we marching towards enhanced ocean acidity resulting from climate change?
Whether the uptake of atmospheric CO2 and its subsequent increases in dissolved CO2 has significantly lowered ocean pH?
Has it significantly reduced carbonate ion concentrations below critical calcium carbonate saturation thresholds for marine and aquatic organism growth?
Whether lowered pH has paved way for more favorable conditions for toxic algal blooms?
2. Are we marching towards significant variations in ocean salinity resulting from climate change?
Whether, changes in currents, sea ice brine rejection and net freshwater flux in the ocean has significantly altered ocean salinity with effects on mixed layer structure, density stratification and the vertical movement of nutrients and marine organisms?
3. Whether climate change has led to a significant warming of ocean, and in turn, led to an increased stratification that essentially has reduced the oxygen content of the ocean?
Has it led to an expansion of oxygen minimum zones in the open ocean?
4. Whether the fundamental structure of ocean warming has been affected so far significantly from climate change; which in turn, has impacted the intensity of upper-ocean stratification and the timing and strength of coastal upwelling?
Has it altered the vertical transport of oxygen-rich and nutrients-rich waters that affect fishery and marine ecosystem productivity?
5. Have we ended up with marine heat waves, so far, resulting from climate change, which essentially push water temperatures above critical threshold values; and eventually, leading to (a) coral bleaching episodes; (b) undesirable algal blooms that significantly disrupts ecosystems, tourism and human health; (c) species shifts?
6. As on date, do we have a significant shift in thermal zones that affects the suitability of fisheries and marine/coastal species habitat and migration-routes in any ocean resulting from enhancement in mean ocean temperature (associated with climate change)?
Suresh Kumar Govindarajan, Professor [HAG]
IIT Madras 22-Dec-2024
Relevant answer
  • 23 Dec 2024
Answer
Suresh Kumar Govindarajan
Climate change has a significant impact on oceanography, particularly in the context of ocean acidity, which is often referred to as ocean acidification. Here are the answers to your questions:
Marching towards increased ocean acidity: Yes, oceans are heavily affected by climate change, and ocean acidity is increasing as a result of atmospheric CO₂ absorption. The excess carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere due to human activities (such as burning fossil fuels) is absorbed by the oceans. When CO₂ reacts with water, carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) is formed, which then dissociates in water, lowering the pH. This leads to increased ocean acidity.
Has the increase in dissolved CO₂ significantly lowered ocean pH? Yes, the increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration leads to a significant rise in dissolved CO₂ in the ocean, which causes the water's pH to drop. Oceans have become more acidic by about 0.1 pH units since the beginning of industrialization, and projections indicate that this trend will continue. The decrease in ocean pH presents a major challenge for marine life.
Has the concentration of carbonate ions decreased significantly below critical saturation thresholds for calcium carbonate? Yes, the increase in ocean acidity causes a reduction in the concentration of carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻), which are important for many marine organisms, such as corals, mollusks, and certain plankton species. Carbonate ions are necessary for the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), which organisms use to build their shells or skeletons. As ocean acidity increases, the solubility of calcium carbonate rises, making it harder for organisms to accumulate it. This can lead to negative effects on the growth and survival of these organisms, and in some cases, it may even result in a reduction in coral reef areas or the degradation of marine ecosystems.
Marching towards significant variations in ocean salinity as a result of climate change: Yes, climate change leads to significant variations in ocean salinity. Changes in temperature and precipitation, as well as the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers, affect the distribution and concentration of salt in the ocean. For example, global warming leads to increased evaporation in some regions and increased precipitation in others, which can cause changes in salinity. Additionally, the melting of sea ice, caused by rising temperatures, can introduce larger amounts of fresh water into the ocean, which decreases salinity in those areas.
Have changes in ocean currents, the release of saltwater from sea ice, and the net flow of freshwater into the ocean significantly altered ocean salinity with effects on the structure of mixed layers, density stratification, and vertical movement of nutrients and marine organisms? Yes, changes in ocean currents, the melting of sea ice, and the introduction of fresh water into the oceans can significantly alter salinity, which has profound consequences for ocean structure and dynamics. The impact on mixed ocean layers and density stratification can lead to changes in vertical water movement, disrupting the natural processes of water mixing from different layers. Ocean stratification is formed by differences in water density, which depend on temperature and salinity. When fresh water is introduced into the ocean (for example, due to sea ice melting), it decreases the density of water in surface layers, which can hinder natural mixing of deeper water layers, as the density difference becomes larger.
These changes can have a significant impact on the vertical movement of nutrients and marine organisms. Nutrients in deeper waters may remain trapped in lower layers if there is insufficient mixing with surface waters, which can limit the availability of these nutrients to surface-dwelling marine organisms. This may affect plankton production and, as a consequence, the entire food chain, threatening marine ecosystems.
Have climate changes led to significant ocean warming, and in turn, increased stratification which has essentially reduced oxygen levels in the ocean? Yes, climate change has led to significant ocean warming. The temperature of ocean surfaces has increased as a result of global warming, which has resulted in increased ocean stratification. Stratification occurs when warmer, lighter water is held at the surface, while cooler, denser water remains deeper. This surface warm water makes it more difficult for natural mixing of ocean layers, reducing circulation and the transfer of oxygen into deeper layers. As warmer surface waters hold oxygen, deeper layers of the ocean become more oxygen-poor. This can lead to a significant decrease in oxygen concentrations in deeper ocean waters.
Has this led to the expansion of oxygen minimum zones in the open ocean? Yes, ocean warming and increased stratification have led to the expansion of oxygen minimum zones in the open ocean. These zones, known as anoxic zones, where oxygen levels are low, are expanding as deeper waters become increasingly oxygen-depleted. Ocean currents and mixing that would normally transfer oxygen to deeper layers become less efficient, causing these oxygen minimum zones to increase in both extent and depth. These changes can have serious consequences for marine ecosystems, as many marine species depend on oxygen and may be threatened in these zones.
Have climate changes significantly affected the fundamental structure of ocean heating; in turn, affecting the intensity of upper ocean stratification and the timing and strength of coastal upwelling? Yes, climate change has significantly affected the structure of ocean heating. The warming of the ocean surface due to global warming leads to increased stratification of the upper ocean, where warmer water remains at the surface, and cooler water stays deeper. This increased stratification can lead to reduced water circulation between the surface and deeper layers, affecting coastal currents and coastal upwelling (the rise in sea level in coastal areas). These changes are linked to changes in ocean current dynamics and can result in alterations to coastal ecosystems, as the intensity and duration of coastal upwelling depend on deep ocean circulation, which becomes more restricted due to increased stratification. Has there been a change in the vertical transport of oxygen-rich and nutrient-rich waters that affect the productivity of fisheries and marine ecosystems? Yes, climate change has led to changes in vertical water transport. Under normal conditions, warm surface waters mix with cooler, nutrient-rich waters from deeper layers, allowing oxygen and nutrients to be available for organic processes in the upper ocean layers. However, increased stratification that accompanies ocean warming hinders this natural mixing, as warmer surface water prevents deeper mixing. As a result, lower levels of oxygen and nutrients in surface waters can significantly impact phytoplankton production, which is the base of the marine food chain. This can reduce fishery productivity and affect the health and stability of marine ecosystems, as many species depend on the availability of these resources.
  • Have we already experienced the end of marine heatwaves, which are a result of climate change, pushing water temperatures above critical threshold values? No, we have not seen the end of marine heatwaves. On the contrary, climate change continues to lead to more frequent and intense marine heatwaves. These heatwaves are periods when sea temperatures exceed critical thresholds, causing severe consequences for marine ecosystems. It is expected that this phenomenon will become increasingly frequent as global temperatures rise, impacting biological processes in the oceans.
  • Have marine heatwaves led to (a) coral bleaching episodes? Yes, marine heatwaves have led to coral bleaching episodes. When sea temperatures exceed a certain threshold, corals experience stress and expel their symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae), which provide them with nutrients. This leads to coral bleaching, as corals lose their color and turn white. If high temperatures persist for long periods, corals may die, which has severe consequences for coral reef ecosystems.
  • Have marine heatwaves led to (b) harmful algal blooms that significantly disrupt ecosystems, tourism, and human health? Yes, marine heatwaves have led to harmful algal blooms, which can have catastrophic effects on marine ecosystems. These algal blooms, often referred to as toxic algal blooms, can cause poisoning in marine organisms, as well as degrade water quality, threatening both tourism and human health. The accumulation of large amounts of algae on the surface can also deplete oxygen levels in the water, impacting marine life.
  • Have marine heatwaves led to (c) changes in species composition? Yes, marine heatwaves have caused changes in species composition in marine ecosystems. Most species that are sensitive to temperature changes, such as corals, certain fish, and plankton, may be forced to migrate to cooler areas or may go extinct if sea temperatures are too high. On the other hand, some species that are more resistant to higher temperatures may thrive, leading to ecosystem imbalances and changes in the structure of marine communities.
To date, have there been significant shifts in thermal zones that affect the suitability of habitats for fisheries and marine/coastal species, as well as migration pathways in any ocean as a result of the increase in ocean average temperature (linked to climate change)? Yes, to date, there have been significant shifts in the thermal zones of the oceans as a result of climate change, affecting the suitability of habitats for fisheries and marine/coastal species, as well as migration pathways. The increase in average ocean temperatures leads to a shift in thermal zones toward higher latitudes, changing the habitat range of many species. These changes cause some species to migrate to cooler waters, while others that prefer warmer temperatures expand their territories. This impacts fisheries production, as fish and other marine animals change their migration routes, often moving outside traditional fishing areas. Additionally, coastal species can be threatened due to changes in water temperature, as they depend on specific temperature ranges. These shifts can disrupt ecosystems and affect economies reliant on fisheries and other marine resources.
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Ijaz Durrani
Ijaz Durrani
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Climate Tipping Points: What are the precise thresholds that could lead to irreversible climate changes?
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2 answers
  • 8 Dec 2024
Self explanatory
Relevant answer
  • 17 Dec 2024
Answer
This has been explored in extensive detail elsewhere, start at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system and then work your way backwards for specific pieces of relevant information.
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مجتبی ظهور
مجتبی ظهور
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
The effects of climate change on air pollution
Question
9 answers
  • 4 Dec 2024
تاثیرات متقابل جهانی تغییراقلیم براب وهوا وهمچنین راهکارمقابله با ان چیست
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  • 15 Dec 2024
Answer
When fire and ice meet
"Wildfires are raging around the globe with increasing intensity and frequency, transforming ecosystems and affecting the climate of regions far beyond. Now, a study shows that boreal forest fires are amplifying Arctic warming due to increased local solar absorption from biomass burning aerosols...
Further work leveraging multi-model intercomparisons and more observational constraints is required to develop a clearer understanding of the regional and seasonal characteristics of aerosol–climate interactions in a changing Arctic..."
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-02183-z.epdf?sharing_token=eek_leDtCQZqT4Nw2P07ftRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Pqr5BdpU-D9R_IgY0af9EIaeJMfOkaHx5xu65xsh2pwMn8Sj92RWByw3WzeRhwcVA12qCnceg9RJq7mQn4H5LqYk3MiaHoSyHFWhID20e2cfQN2NI6tasSebESmd6twnA%3D
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Dariusz Prokopowicz
Dariusz Prokopowicz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
How can instruments and systems for the conservation of nature, the biosphere, the biodiversity of marine and ocean coral reefs be improved?
Question
5 answers
  • 27 Aug 2022
How can instruments and systems for the conservation of nature, the biosphere, the highly biodiverse coral reef ecosystems of the seas and oceans be improved?
The ongoing process of global warming is also causing, among other things, an increase in the temperature of the seas and oceans. This increase in temperature and the increase in the scale of water pollution in the seas and oceans is causing the death of coral reefs, which have formed over millions of years and have developed the most biodiverse ecosystems of the seas and oceans.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:
How can instruments and systems for the conservation of nature, of the biosphere, of the highly biodiverse coral reef ecosystems of the seas and oceans be improved?
What is your opinion on this?
What do you think about this topic?
Please reply,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Relevant answer
  • 15 Dec 2024
Answer
Polluting shipwrecks are the ticking time-bomb at the bottom of our oceans
"At the bottom of the oceans and seas lie more than 8,500 shipwrecks from two world wars. These wrecks have been estimated to contain as much as 6 billion gallons of oil, as well as munitions, toxic heavy metals and even chemical weapons.
For decades, these wrecks have largely lain out of sight and out of mind. But all this time, their structures have been degrading, inexorably increasing the chances of sudden releases of toxic substances into the marine environment.
In parts of the globe, climate change is exacerbating this risk. Rising ocean temperatures, acidification and increasing storminess accelerate the breakdown of these wrecks...
How many of these wrecks pose a threat to people’s safety, to coastal communities and to the environment? What can be done – and why haven’t we done it sooner?...
Mapping the problem is the key.
Work by researchers such as Paul Heersink have drawn together different datasets to help visualise the scale of the challenge. Yet these figures, and the position of dots on maps, may also give a false sense of certainty...
There is an ongoing global push to improve our mapping of ocean space under the auspices of the Seabed 2030 project, which is looking to reach a universal resolution of 100x100m. That means one “pixel” of information would be equivalent to about two football pitches. This will be transformative for our understanding of the ocean floor, but will not reveal the detail of all those things that you could hide within those two football pitches (which includes quite a few wrecks)...
Advances in subsea drones known as Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), which are fitted with an array of sensors to measure the seabed and detect pollutants, could help enhance our knowledge about the locations of wrecks, what they’re carrying and their state of deterioration. AUVs can provide relatively cheap, high resolution data that produces fewer emissions than a comparable survey campaign conducted from a large research vessel...
Action is needed now, driven by a robust regulatory and funding framework, and technical standards for remediation. A global partnership – codenamed Project Tangaroa – has been convened to stimulate that framework – but political will and financing is required to make it a reality.
Through targeted archival and survey work, and by sharing data and ideas, we can chart a course to a future where the sea is not a place where we ignore things today that will threaten us tomorrow..."
https://theconversation.com/polluting-shipwrecks-are-the-ticking-time-bomb-at-the-bottom-of-our-oceans-242941
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Curious about old 2017 ideas ignored because of the process of green market paradigm shift avoidance that started in 2012/UNCSD, still relevant today?
Question
2 answers
  • 9 Dec 2024
Have you ever read this article?
Muñoz, Lucio, 2017. If Going From Free Markets to Free Markets Is the Science Based Approach: What is Then the Model Structure, Price Structure, Choice Structure and the Knowledge Structure and Related Gaps of the 2012 Paradigm Shift From Perfect Traditional Market to Perfect Green Market Thinking?, In: International Journal of Research & Development Organisation(IJRDO), ISSN: 2455-6661, Vol. 3, Issue 1, January, Pp.70-90., India.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312283804_If_Going_From_Free_Markets_to_Free_Markets_Is_the_Science_Based_Approach_What_is_Then_the_Model_Structure_Price_Structure_Choice_Structure_and_the_Knowledge_Structure_and_Related_Gaps_of_the_2012_Para
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313152447_If_Going_From_Free_Markets_to_Free_Markets_Is_the_Science_Based_Approach_What_is_Then_the_Model_Structure_Price_Structure_Choice_Structure_and_the_Knowledge_Structure_and_Related_Gaps_of_the_2012_Para
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348662415_If_Going_From_Free_Markets_to_Free_Markets_Is_the_Science_Based_Approach_What_is_Then_the_Model_Structure_Price_Structure_Choice_Structure_and_the_Knowledge_Structure_and_Related_Gaps_of_the_2012_Para
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313150722_If_Going_From_Free_Markets_to_Free_Markets_Is_the_Science_Based_Approach_What_is_Then_the_Model_Structure_Price_Structure_Choice_Structure_and_the_Knowledge_Structure_and_Related_Gaps_of_the_2012_Para
Relevant answer
  • 11 Dec 2024
Answer
Maria, good day. Thank you for taking the time to comment.
I wrote the article to leave that fact and knowledge out there since 2017 as the issue will not go away, you can avoid it for a long time while worsening the problem you are avoiding to fix in the first place and according to Thomas Kuhn's paradigm evolution loop sooner or later the abnormality we choose to manage instead of fixing will be addressed with the proper paradigm shift....
To support the ideas in this paper you need to leave the traditional economic knowledge base behind an go to green macro economics and green microeconomis or go to red macro economics or red microeconomics or go to yellow macroeconomics and yellow microeconomics and think in terms of perfect green markets, perfect red markets and perfect sustainability markets or yellow perfect markets respectively, and for these reasons I expanded the ideas in that article with the following ones to close the paradigm shift knowledge gaps created when you shift to higher level model thinking, which you may find full of food for thoughts:
Beyond Traditional Market Thinking: What is the Structure of the Perfect Green market?
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302025169_Beyond_Traditional_Market_Thinking_What_is_the_Structure_of_the_Perfect_Green_market
Beyond Green Market Thinking: What would be the Structure of the Perfect Sustainability Market?
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310447897_Beyond_Green_Market_Thinking_What_would_be_the_Structure_of_the_Perfect_Sustainability_Market
Beyond Both Red Socialism Thinking and Traditional Market Thinking: What is the Structure of the Perfect Red Market?
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308886046_Beyond_Both_Red_Socialism_Thinking_and_Traditional_Market_Thinking_What_is_the_Structure_of_the_Perfect_Red_Market
From Traditional Markets to Green Markets: A Look at Markets Under Perfect Green Market Competition
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330617155_From_Traditional_Markets_to_Green_Markets_A_Look_at_Markets_Under_Perfect_Green_Market_Competition
From Traditional Markets to Sustainability Markets: A Look at Markets Under Perfect Sustainability Market Competition
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331344497_From_Traditional_Markets_to_Sustainability_Markets_A_Look_at_Markets_Under_Perfect_Sustainability_Market_Competition
From Traditional Markets to Red Markets: A Look at Markets Under Perfect Socially Friendly Market Competition
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331772087_From_Traditional_Markets_to_Red_Markets_A_Look_at_Markets_Under_Perfect_Socially_Friendly_Market_Competition
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Suresh Kumar Govindarajan
Suresh Kumar Govindarajan
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Feasible for emerging economies to decarbonize electricity in the next couple of decades?
Question
1 answer
  • 7 Dec 2024
Net Zero and Climate Change
1.    Climate change being a real physical phenomenon on this earth that keeps recurring over geological time-scales, don’t we have scientific evidences that both support as well as oppose the views towards ‘CO2 emissions resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels remain to be the only cause for global climate change’?
2.  Well, ignoring (1) and assuming that we are scientifically correct so far on the cause of climate change, whether ALL the countries of the world have entered The Era of Energy Transition?
If so, then, each country has varied starting point, with varieties of challenges, given the unequal resources – leading to very different transition speeds and pathways towards Cleaner Energy?
3.  Feasible for emerging economies to decarbonize electricity in the next couple of decades?
4.  Whether the required technology keeps advancing rapidly as well as evenly across the globe, towards achieving net zero operational GHG emissions?
5.   A non-linear pathway to net zero is of concern?
6.  Whether, the Range of Uncertainty associated with GHG emissions reduction pathway be reduced?
7.   Whether carbon-neutral electricity produced from fossil-fuel resources with CCS outperform the same deduced from renewable sources and nuclear power?
8.  To what extent, the energy-intensive sectors remain to be successful towards switching from fossil fuel to low-carbon electricity towards drastically reducing GHG emissions?
Suresh Kumar Govindarajan 07-Dec-2024
Relevant answer
  • 8 Dec 2024
Answer
Suresh Kumar Govindarajan
These are insightful and highly relevant questions on the current global debate surrounding climate change, energy transition, and the path toward achieving net-zero emissions. Below are responses to each of these key points:
1. Scientific Evidence on CO2 Emissions and Climate Change
Yes, there is scientific evidence that supports and challenges the view that CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion are the primary cause of global climate change. Over geological time scales, Earth has experienced significant climate shifts due to natural factors such as volcanic activity, solar radiation variations, and Earth's orbital changes. However, since the late 20th century, there is overwhelming evidence (such as temperature records, ice core data, and climate models) indicating that human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, are the dominant drivers of recent climate change. Some argue that natural variability could still play a role, but the consensus in climate science is that anthropogenic (human-caused) CO2 emissions are the main contributors to the rapid warming observed since the industrial revolution.
2. The Era of Energy Transition
While many countries have committed to transitioning to cleaner energy sources, this transition is uneven, with some nations moving faster than others. The starting points, resources, and challenges differ widely:
  • Developed countries tend to have better access to capital, advanced technology, and established infrastructure for renewables. They have also been historically responsible for a large share of emissions and thus face pressures to decarbonize faster.
  • Emerging economies often face challenges such as poverty, a heavy reliance on fossil fuels, limited access to renewable technologies, and the need for affordable energy to fuel development. Each country’s energy transition speed and pathway depend on factors like national resources, energy security concerns, and economic priorities.
3. Feasibility of Decarbonizing Electricity in Emerging Economies
Decarbonizing electricity in emerging economies within the next few decades is feasible but challenging. Many of these countries rely on coal, oil, and natural gas for electricity generation, which makes decarbonization difficult. However, emerging economies also have significant renewable energy potential (such as solar, wind, and hydro) that could help in their energy transition. The challenges include financing renewable energy infrastructure, developing energy storage solutions, and ensuring grid reliability. Furthermore, international support, including technology transfer, financing mechanisms (like green bonds), and capacity-building, will be crucial.
4. Advancement of Technology Towards Net Zero
Technology in areas like renewable energy, energy storage, and carbon capture is advancing rapidly but not uniformly across the globe. Developed countries have made substantial progress in deploying and improving these technologies. However, for many developing nations, the cost and technical barriers can slow down adoption. Global cooperation, increased research funding, and innovative financing models (like green technologies and climate finance) can help accelerate technology deployment worldwide.
5. Non-linear Pathways to Net Zero
A non-linear pathway to net-zero emissions is a concern, as the transition may face abrupt shifts, disruptions, and unpredictable challenges. Non-linear factors such as economic crises, technological breakthroughs, geopolitical issues, or sudden climate impacts could affect the pace and direction of decarbonization. For instance, energy system changes might occur faster than anticipated in some regions but slower in others due to structural constraints. Policymakers need to plan for flexibility and resilience in the transition.
6. Reducing Uncertainty in GHG Emissions Reduction Pathways
Yes, reducing the range of uncertainty in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction pathways is a significant challenge. There are many variables involved, such as technological advancements, policy implementations, global economic trends, and societal behaviors. More accurate and frequent emissions data, as well as advancements in climate modeling, can help reduce uncertainty. Greater international collaboration on emissions reporting, shared climate goals, and transparent data would also improve the predictability of emissions reduction trajectories.
7. Carbon-Neutral Electricity from Fossil Fuels vs. Renewables/Nuclear
Carbon-neutral electricity from fossil fuels with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) can technically help in reducing emissions, but it faces challenges such as high costs, efficiency limitations, and the need for large-scale infrastructure for capturing and storing CO2. On the other hand, renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydro) and nuclear power are considered more sustainable in the long term, as they do not produce direct CO2 emissions during operation. However, both come with their own set of challenges: renewables need solutions for intermittency (e.g., energy storage), and nuclear faces public concerns, waste management issues, and high initial capital costs. Whether CCS outperforms renewables and nuclear depends on the context, particularly the availability of resources and cost considerations.
8. Energy-Intensive Sectors Switching to Low-Carbon Electricity
The energy-intensive sectors (e.g., steel, cement, chemicals, and heavy transport) face significant challenges in switching from fossil fuels to low-carbon electricity. These sectors often require high heat and energy, which is difficult to provide with renewable electricity alone. While electrification is a viable path for some industries (e.g., through electrifying processes), others may require breakthroughs in alternative fuels, such as hydrogen, or new methods like carbon capture. Innovations in industrial processes, alongside renewable electricity, could help these sectors transition, but they are likely to require additional support in terms of technology, infrastructure, and investment to drastically reduce GHG emissions.
In summary, while the path to net-zero emissions is challenging and complex, it is not only necessary but also feasible, depending on how technology, policy, and global cooperation unfold. The transition will vary widely across countries, with many hurdles to overcome, but it is essential for combating climate change and achieving sustainability.
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Gloria Cristina Cuentas Masias
Gloria Cristina Cuentas Masias
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
¿Cuál es la vulnerabilidad de la actividad turística en la isla de los Uros debido al cambio climático?
Question
2 answers
  • 30 Nov 2024
La localidad de los Uros de Puno se encuentra ubicada en el lago Titicaca a una altitud promedio de 3810 m.s.n.m y se usan los elementos flotantes de la totora (Scirpus Toticorus de la familia de los Cyperacea) en la construcción en sus viviendas, con un aproximado de 02 m. de grosor. En la actualidad, son unas 90 familias, desarrollándose en su mayoría en el sector agrícola y turístico. La actividad turística ha crecido estos últimos 30 a 40 años, básicamente en área de vivienda residencial con claro esquema de turista, el que entra a la isla paga un impuesto o dinero simbólico por el paso o visita de su territorio. El turismo en la Isla de los Uros, Puno, se puede clasificar en varios tipos, incluyendo el turismo cultural, el turismo de naturaleza y el turismo de aventura. Por otro lado, el turismo cultural en la Isla de los Uros destaca por la preservación de sus tradiciones y costumbres ancestrales. Además, el turismo de naturaleza es otra de las opciones que atrae a los visitantes a la Isla de los Uros. Este tipo de turismo se centra en la observación de la flora y fauna del lugar, así como en la práctica de actividades al aire libre. En este tipo de turismo, los visitantes pueden disfrutar de la belleza natural de la isla y participar en actividades como la pesca, kayak y la navegación en bote.
Dado los escenarios futuros del cambio climático, existe el temor creciente de que la actividad turística natural basada en los elementos abióticos esté gravemente comprometida, ya que podría producirse efectos catastróficos para la localidad. La relación del cambio climático con la actividad turística es un tema de gran importancia en la actualidad, ya que el impacto del cambio climático afecta directamente a la experiencia de los turistas y a la sostenibilidad de los destinos turísticos. Por tanto, el turismo natural se soporta en ambientes saludables, siendo el elemento abiótico que más influye el clima, donde los factores determinantes son la temperatura, la cantidad de precipitación y la humedad ambiental.
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  • 7 Dec 2024
Answer
Buenas Noches Estimado Felipe,
Concuerdo con todos los puntos descritos. Muchas gracias por su aporte. En la primera fase de la investigación evaluare la percepción de todos los entes involucrados y de la comunidad local. Pero si, definitivamente como usted indica después se enfocara también en la Biodiversidad y especies amenazadas, realizando un estudio multidisciplinario.
Le reitero mi agradecimiento y quedo atenta a cualquier otra sugerencia o comentario adicional que desee compartir.
Gloria Cuentas Masias.
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Sana Ahmed
Sana Ahmed
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Will the academic institutes involved in teaching climate change as a part of their curriculum?
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6 answers
  • 26 Oct 2024
Climate change is a big issue that has to be percolated to the student community
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  • 6 Dec 2024
Answer
Many academic institutions around the world have already integrated climate change topics into their curricula, and this trend is expected to continue and expand. The inclusion of climate change education often begins at the primary and secondary levels, where students gain a basic understanding of the science behind climate change, its causes, and its potential impacts. At the higher education level, climate change is increasingly being covered in a broad range of disciplines, from environmental science and geography to economics, engineering, political science, sociology, and even business programs.
Key reasons and trends behind this integration include:
  1. Growing Urgency and Awareness: The intensifying impacts of climate change, such as more frequent extreme weather events and shifting agricultural zones, have prompted educational authorities and institutions to recognize climate education as essential. This awareness motivates curricular changes that provide students with the knowledge and critical thinking skills necessary to understand and respond to climate-related challenges.
  2. Interdisciplinary Approach: Climate change is a complex issue requiring input from multiple fields—science and engineering for mitigation and adaptation strategies, economics to understand the cost-benefit aspects of policy decisions, political science and law for effective governance and policy formation, and social sciences for understanding community resilience and behavioral change. This interdisciplinarity naturally lends itself to incorporation across various departments and programs.
  3. Professional and Career Relevance: As demand grows for professionals with expertise in sustainability, renewable energy, climate policy, and environmental management, academic institutions see strategic value in preparing graduates for green jobs and leadership roles in this evolving landscape.
  4. Guidance from International Frameworks: Bodies like UNESCO and the UNFCCC advocate for climate change education to build climate literacy, resilience, and sustainable development. National curricula revisions and accreditation bodies increasingly encourage or require incorporating sustainability and climate content into academic programs.
  5. Student Demand and Activism: Students themselves, driven by concern for their future, often push for more climate-related content. Academic institutions respond to this demand to remain attractive and relevant to current and prospective students.
Examples in Practice:
  • Primary and Secondary Education: Schools may integrate climate science into natural science courses and incorporate discussions about sustainability, renewable energy, and ecological stewardship into social science or civics classes.
  • Undergraduate Programs: Universities offer dedicated courses and majors focusing on climate science, environmental policy, and sustainable development. Even in traditional disciplines, climate change may be integrated—for instance, civil engineering courses might include modules on designing infrastructure resilient to future climate conditions.
  • Graduate and Professional Studies: Specialized master’s and doctoral programs concentrate on climate modeling, environmental economics, climate finance, and international climate negotiations. Professional schools, such as business or law, offer courses and certificates focusing on corporate sustainability strategies, climate law, and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investment frameworks.
Looking Ahead:
As climate change continues to be a defining issue of the 21st century, the integration of climate-related content into academic curricula is poised not only to grow but to evolve. New research findings, policy developments, and technological innovations will continually refine how the topic is taught, ensuring that students are prepared with up-to-date knowledge and skills to address one of the most pressing global challenges.
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in old 2016 ideas on TRYING TO SOLVE the environmental crisis in 2012 WITH THE WRONG FOOT and now wrong foot is stuck in market failures?
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4 answers
  • 27 Nov 2024
Have you ever read this article?
Muñoz, Lucio, 2016.  Perfect Green Markets vrs Dwarf Green Markets:  Did We Start Trying to Solve the Environmental Crisis in 2012 With the Wrong Green Foot? If Yes, How Can This Situation Be Corrected?  In: International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Management Research (IJAEMR), Vol.1, Issue 6, Pp 389-406, August, India.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305994500_Perfect_Green_Markets_vrs_Dwarf_Green_Markets_Did_We_Start_Trying_to_Solve_the_Environmental_Crisis_in_2012_With_the_Wrong_Green_Foot_If_Yes_How_Can_This_Situation_Be_Corrected
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305067067_Perfect_Green_Markets_vrs_Dwarf_Green_Markets_Did_We_Start_Trying_to_Solve_the_Environmental_Crisis_in_2012_With_the_Wrong_Green_Foot_If_Yes_How_Can_This_Situation_Be_Corrected
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310448223_Perfect_Green_Markets_vrs_Dwarf_Green_Markets_Did_We_Start_Trying_to_Solve_the_Environmental_Crisis_in_2012_With_the_Wrong_Green_Foot_If_Yes_How_Can_This_Situation_Be_Corrected
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  • 4 Dec 2024
Answer
My apologies Samira, my request " I am curious to know what is your rational for thinking "No really" was made in good faith, not as a criticism, as I appreciate you took the time to comment....
If your comment is about the actual ideas in the paper, then "No really" does not fit as it is a fact that because the whole world avoided in 2012 to actually go green markets to address head on the environmental crisis, the science based choice the UNCSD 2012 indicated it was going to go then, and publications by UN such as "A blue print for the green economy" were advance then to support that global transition, but in the end they went the way of externality management like for example environmental externality management markets, which every country has one way or another.
Your reply make it clear to me that your reply "Not really" is not related to the actual content of the paper, but realities on the ground, which are relevant and I respect.
My apologies if I made you feel uncomfortable with my request to expand your view and thank you for replying.
Let's leave it here then Samira.
And again, thank you for taking the time to write.
Respectfully yours;
Lucio
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in old 2016 ideas about THE STRUCTURE OF THE PERFECT SUSTAINABILITY MARKET?
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4 answers
  • 22 Nov 2024
Have you ever read this article?
Muñoz, Lucio, 2016.  Beyond Green Market Thinking: What would be the Structure of the Perfect Sustainability Market?, In: International Journal of Science Social Studies Humanities and Management (IJSSSHM), Vol. 2, No. 5, May,  Ed. Dr. Maya Pant, India.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303014272_Beyond_Green_Market_Thinking_What_would_be_the_Structure_of_the_Perfect_Sustainability_Market
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310447897_Beyond_Green_Market_Thinking_What_would_be_the_Structure_of_the_Perfect_Sustainability_Market
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  • 1 Dec 2024
Answer
Ani, I see you perhaps did not take a look at the perfect sustainability market article before commenting as your comment is about the workings of imperfect financial markets, but your comment is relevant as it can be seen from the opposite side imperfect sustainability markets...
But deb management or any type of management of a crisis without FIXING THE ROOTCAUSE of the crisis like with the 2008/2009 financial crisis means soon we will be in the situation "HERE WE GO AGAIN"....
Thank you for taking the time to write
Ani, given your comment, you may find some good food for thoughts in the following article:
Beyond Traditional Financial Market Thinking: How An Ideal Financial Market Structure Would Look Like After Ending the Traditional Market Monopoly?
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Can you see the similarities and differences between Pollution production markets, Pollution reduction markets, and Pollution management markets?
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8 answers
  • 28 Sept 2022
In a world of environmentally dirty markets, how we treat the pollution problem determines the nature of each market and its structure, which raises the question: Can you see the similarities and differences between Pollution production markets, Pollution reduction markets, and Pollution management markets?
Think about it, what do you think?
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  • 28 Nov 2024
Answer
Dear Abhiji, thank you for taking the time to write. This question is tricky because it needs to be looked from outside the box or outside traditional economic thinking.
The similarity is that all of them are markets and can be framed as perfect markets, but each of them has a different knowledge base that supports its working. For example, the knowledge based of pollution production markets DOES NOT WORK in pollution reduction markets.
You may find the following article full of food for thoughts I think given your comment and I respectfully share it here:
Sustainability thought 177: What are environmental pollution production markets, environmental pollution reduction markets, environmental pollution management markets and no environmental pollution production markets? How do they work?
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Sandeep Jaiswal
Sandeep Jaiswal
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
How can science be used to completely eradicate poverty, disease and hunger on earth?
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9 answers
  • 21 Nov 2024
Background Summary:
Poverty, disease, and hunger remain among the most persistent and devastating challenges facing humanity. Despite significant advancements in science, technology, and medicine, these issues continue to affect billions worldwide, hindering progress and well-being for millions. What if science could be harnessed not just to mitigate these issues but to eradicate them entirely?
Recent breakthroughs in various fields—such as biotechnology, renewable energy, artificial intelligence, and social sciences—offer unprecedented opportunities to tackle the root causes of poverty, hunger, and disease in innovative ways. Can we leverage these advancements to design systems of resource distribution, healthcare, and education that are sustainable and equitable for all? Can biotechnology revolutionize food production and health solutions, while AI and data analytics create efficient, scalable models for poverty reduction?
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  • 24 Nov 2024
Answer
That is true. Science provides the foundation, but it is up to humanity to take the next step forward.
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Nelson Ugwonoh
Nelson Ugwonoh
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Consultation on the use of SWAT model
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2 answers
  • 19 Nov 2024
My research is on the impact of climate change on soil moisture dynamics in forest and grassland areas using the SWAT model. I need someone grounded in this area to mentor me. I am also open to collaborations and coauthoring. I tried using Hydrus-1D but it was a bit complicated and so I want to explore the SWAT model.
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  • 22 Nov 2024
Answer
Thanks for your timely response Prof. Carlson. I shall communicate with you via email.
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Anas Dabaj
Anas Dabaj
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Use of ERA5-Land precipitation data HEC-HMS ?
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2 answers
  • 6 Jan 2023
Hi all!
I would like to ask your help.
I am working on the Hydrological modelling using HEC-HMS, with the ERA5-Land dataset for a basin in south of France
In particular, I downloaded the ERA5-Land precipitation data from Copernicus Climate Change Service relative to my basin in Netcdf/Grib format.
My questions are:
- Can I import my subset gridded data in HEC-HMS?
I tried to import the gridded data (File -> Import -> Gridded data) - 4 files in .nc format for a historical flood 1978, the variable is total precipitation - to convert NetCDF files in .dss format. In my case, I created the destination file called “Era5Land.dss”.
At the end of the importing, the file Era5Land.dss is empty, it doesn’t contains the converted data.
(I use HEC-HMS v4.10 )
Thank you!
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  • 21 Nov 2024
Answer
Hi Dear Anas,
I am having the same problem with importing the netcdf file into HEC-HMS. I was wondering if you could solve the problem, and if you could, what is the solution.
Many thanks
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in an old 2012 idea explaining WHY WE HAVE BEEN GOING BACKWARDS IN TERMS OF ECONOMIC THINKING when dealing with SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES?
Question
5 answers
  • 10 Nov 2024
Have you ever read this article?
Muñoz, Lucio, 2012.  Complex and Man-Made Markets: Are We Currently Approaching Sustainability in a Backward and More Chaotic Way in Terms of Economic Thinking?, In: The Mother Pelican Journal, Vol. 8, No. 8, August, Ed. Luis Gutierrez, PhD, USA.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281277199_Complex_and_Man-made_Markets_Are_We_Currently_Approaching_Sustainability_in_a_Backward_and_More_Chaotic_Way_in_Terms_of_Economic_Thinking
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  • 14 Nov 2024
Answer
In 2012, a profound shift in economic thinking began to emerge as societies grappled with sustainability issues & the shift highlighted a critical examination of our reliance on traditional economic models that prioritize short-term growth over long-term ecological stability. One of the primary reasons for this regression in economic thinking is the pervasive reliance on outdated metrics, such as GDP, which often overlooks environmental costs & social well-being. Further complicating this issue is the tendency to view sustainability as a niche concern rather than an integral component of economic strategy. As policymakers and businesses prioritize immediate profits, sustainable practices are frequently sidelined, leading to a cycle of exploitation and degradation of natural resources. Additionally, the influence of powerful lobbying groups often skews the conversation, hindering the advancement of innovative, sustainable practices. While we have the tools and knowledge to forge a sustainable path forward, the inertia of old economic paradigms, coupled with resistance to change and a lack of interdisciplinary collaboration, has caused us to stagnate. Addressing these challenges requires a fundamental rethinking of our economic principles, integrating sustainability as a core value rather than an afterthought, and fostering a holistic understanding of the interconnectedness of our economies, environments, and societies.
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in old 2014 ideas on a STRATEGY TOWARDS AN EFFICIENT DOMINANT RENEWABLE ENERGY USE BASED ECONOMY after understanding what needs to be done?
Question
2 answers
  • 12 Nov 2024
Have you ever read this article?
Muñoz, Lucio, 2014.  Understanding the Road Towards the Current Dominant Non-Renewable Energy Use Based Economy: Using An Inversegram to Point Out a Step by Step Strategy Towards an Efficient Dominant Renewable Energy Use Based Economy, Boletin CEBEM-REDESMA, No. 11, December 23, La Paz, Bolivia.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281230333_Understanding_the_Road_Towards_the_Current_Dominant_Non-Renewable_Energy_Use_Based_Economy_Using_An_Inversegram_to_Point_Out_a_Step_by_Step_Strategy_Towards_an_Efficient_Dominant_Renewable_Energy_Use_
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  • 13 Nov 2024
Answer
Osama, since 1987 WCED the world knew that there was a need to transition systematically, locally and globally, to clean economies and leave pollution production economies like the coal based economy and the oil based economy behind. No plan has ever been made, even the paris agreement avoids going beyond managing externalities a la sustainable development.... The paper is above a step by step way to do it if one day the world has to do it..... The sustainability crisis under management sooner or later will backfire and force a more painful and faster local and global transition from pollution production economies to pollution reduction economies and then to clean economies....You can see the trend of the crisis from bad to worse by looking at data WCED 1987 and 2024....while the problem has been under management instead of being fixed....
Thank you for taking the time to comment
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in old 2011 ideas linking dying economies with eternal economies and the idea of transitioning to a non-renewable resource-based economy?
Question
4 answers
  • 8 Nov 2024
Have you read this article?
Muñoz, Lucio, 2011.  From Dying to Eternal Economies: When Should the Paradigm Shift from the Non-Renewable Resource Based to the Renewable Resource Based Economy Take Place?, En: Desastres Naturales, REDESMA, Vol.5(2), October, La Paz, Bolivia.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281276531_From_dying_to_eternal_economies_When_should_the_paradigm_shift_from_the_non-renewable_resources_based_economy_take_place
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  • 11 Nov 2024
Answer
In 2011, economic discussions often centered on the challenges faced by economies heavily reliant on non-renewable resources, such as oil and minerals. These economies, sometimes referred to as "dying economies" due to their vulnerability to resource depletion and market volatility, were contrasted with more sustainable or "eternal" economies that diversified their economic activities.
Key Concepts:
  1. Resource Curse: This theory suggests that countries abundant in non-renewable resources may experience slower economic growth due to factors like volatility in commodity prices, governance challenges, and neglect of other economic sectors.
  2. Dutch Disease: A phenomenon where a resource boom leads to currency appreciation, making other export sectors less competitive and potentially stunting overall economic development.
  3. Economic Diversification: The strategy of broadening an economy's base by developing various sectors to reduce dependence on a single resource, thereby enhancing resilience and sustainability.
Transition Strategies:
To move from a non-renewable resource-based economy to a more diversified and sustainable one, several approaches have been proposed:
  • Investing in Human Capital: Enhancing education and skills to support the development of new industries.
  • Developing Infrastructure: Building transportation, communication, and energy infrastructure to facilitate economic activities beyond resource extraction.
  • Strengthening Institutions: Improving governance and regulatory frameworks to support business development and attract investment in diverse sectors.
  • Promoting Innovation: Encouraging research and development to foster new industries and technologies.
Case Studies:
  • Botswana: Successfully utilized diamond revenues to invest in education and infrastructure, leading to diversified economic growth.
  • Chile: Managed copper wealth prudently and invested in other sectors, achieving a more balanced economy.
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Seda H. Bostancı
Seda H. Bostancı
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Greetings !!! The Last Call for Paper: Welcome international scholars to "Climate Change and Sustainable Future"
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5 answers
  • 8 Nov 2024
Under the auspices of the Rector of Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Prof.Dr. Mümin Şahin, "Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 2nd International Symposium on Political Science and Public Administration" will be held in Tekirdağ on 28-29/November/2024, ONLINE. The theme of the symposium was determined as "Climate Change and Sustainable Future". - Submit your abstracts or full text papers : sbkycongress@gmail.com Symposium Date: 28-29 November 2024 https://lnkd.in/duErT5tS General Topics (not limited to) Sustainability Climate Change Climate Change Politics Political Economy Circular Economy Food Policies Gender Studies Political Communication Urban/Local Politics Social Policy Urban Planning Local Governments Urbanization Policy Smart Cities Sustainable Development Political Ecology Environmental Management Natural Resources and Environmental Economics Urban Policy E-government Disaster Management Technology and Innovation Management Political philosophy History of Political Thought International Politics Political Sociology
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  • 9 Nov 2024
Answer
Dear Seda H. Bostancı
Thanks for the opportunity!
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in old 2011 ideas on the road towards agricultural sustainability that was supposed to BEGIN from RIO +20 2012? Have you read this article?
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2 answers
  • 5 Nov 2024
Muñoz, Lucio, 2011.  The Present versus the Future in development thinking: Towards Agricultural Sustainability, Journal of Sustainability, Issue 3, Number 3(Winter), Rio Rancho, New Mexico USA.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281244871_The_Present_Versus_the_Future_in_Development_Thinking_Towards_Agricultural_Sustainability
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  • 7 Nov 2024
Answer
Lawrence, thank you for taking the time to comment and share ideas that could be linked to those in this article.
Take a look at this article when you have time, you may find some good food for thoughts within it.
Respectfully yours;
Lucio
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in old 2008 PROACTIVE IDEAS about what to expect from linking AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND THE GLOBAL WARMING PROBLEM?
Question
2 answers
  • 22 Oct 2024
Have you ever read this article?
Muñoz, Lucio, 2008.   Agriculture and Global Warming:  Should the Biofuel Route Be Expected to Be a Socially Friendly Agricultural Policy?, In: Biocombustibles, REDESMA, Vol. 2(2), Section VIII, July, La Paz, Bolivia.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281276235_Agriculture_and_Global_Warming_Should_the_Biofuel_Route_Be_Expected_to_Be_a_Socially_Friendly_Agricultural_Policy
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  • 6 Nov 2024
Answer
Good day Gokhan, nice to see it got your attention.
Take a look at this old article, you may find some interesting food for thoughts.
Respectfully yours;
Lucio
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Ian Musinamwana
Ian Musinamwana
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Impact of climate change on human health?
Question
5 answers
  • 2 Nov 2024
I am looking for researches on impact of climate change on human health in Africa
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  • 3 Nov 2024
Answer
To find research on the impact of climate change on human health in Africa, try using databases like DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) and Web of Science with specific keywords. Suggested keywords include:
- "Climate change" AND "human health" AND "Africa"
- "Impact of climate change on health in Africa"
- "Climate change and disease in Africa"
- "Climate change effects on African health outcomes"
Using these keywords should help retrieve relevant studies focused on health outcomes, disease patterns, and climate-related health risks across African regions.
Thank you.
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in old 2003 ideas about basic needs and sustainability thinking still relevant today? Have you ever read this article?
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2 answers
  • 15 Oct 2024
Muñoz, Lucio, 2003.  Building the Basic Foundations of Global Sustainability, Sustainability Outlook, Warren Flint(PhD)(Ed), Issue 29/July, Washington DC, USA
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281276098_The_Urgent_Need_to_Start_Building_the_Basic_Foundations_of_Global_Sustainability
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  • 2 Nov 2024
Answer
Thank you for writing Dariusz. The period between 1987 WCED report and the future will become known as the period of sustainability paradigm shift avoidance in the annals of economic thoughts that were ignored and the cause of future human misery.....
Have a nice day!
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in old but key 2010 WHAT IF QUESTIONS that can be used to justify FAIR TRADE POLICIES as good market fixes? Have you read this article?
Question
2 answers
  • 29 Oct 2024
Here some good food for thoughts!
Muñoz, Lucio, 2010.  What If Markets Have Always Been Distorted? Would It Then Be a Good Fix to Add Fair Trade Margins to Correct Distorted Agricultural Market Prices?, Journal of Sustainability, Issue 2, Number 4(Spring), Rio Rancho, New Mexico USA.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281244562_What_If_Markets_Have_Always_Been_Distorted_Would_It_Then_Be_a_Good_Fix_to_Add_Fair_Trade_Margins_to_Correct_Distorted_Agricultural_Market_Prices
Relevant answer
  • 2 Nov 2024
Answer
Geoffrey, thank you for taking the time to comment.
Keep in mind, the margins once internalized by all producers/ firms or agricultural producers/firms do not remain static, trade margins become the drivers of fair trade production towards maximizing fair trade profits at the lowest fair trade market price possible, meaning at the lowest fair trade margin possible; and hence, making that way fair trade margin reduction a good fair trade profit making opportunity while driving those markets towards clean fair trade markets as the fair trade margins added tend towards zero.
I do appreciate your comment
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Think you are the environment, can a circular pollution production solution/circularity fix a linear pollution production problem/linearity you face ?
Question
2 answers
  • 30 Oct 2024
These days, when talking about the circular economy, they use talking points without even mentioning the pollution production problem associated with the working of the traditional market or with economic activity which it is also present in the working of circular markets or circular economic activity...See how the UN CLIMATE CHANGE PROMISE talks about a circular economy with no link to its pollution production problem nature and with no mention of the need to move one day to pollution-less economies....
" What is circular economy and why does it matter?
https://climatepromise.undp.org/news-and-stories/what-is-circular-economy-and-how-it-helps-fight-climate-change "
And this raises the question: Imagine you are the environment, can a circular pollution production solution/circularity fix the linear pollution production problem/linearity you face?
What do you think? If you think Yes, please indicate why. If you think No, please indicate why no.
Note;
This is an academic question, not a political one.
Relevant answer
  • 31 Oct 2024
Answer
Check the article when you have time Wilfred,
Have a nice day!
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Recep Baydemir
Recep Baydemir
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Climate Change and Artificial Intelligence
Question
4 answers
  • 29 Oct 2024
I invite you to discuss two important issues.
I invite you to think together about climate change, one of the biggest problems of our age, and artificial intelligence, one of the greatest inventions of our age.
Can we benefit from artificial intelligence in combating climate change? Can artificial intelligence contribute to the fight against climate change? Can we think about one of our biggest global problems and one of our biggest technological advances side by side? How and why?
Relevant answer
  • 30 Oct 2024
Answer
Hi Abdulkarim Almuhammad
Thank you for participating in the discussion.
Absolutely! I agree with you.
So, how can Artificial Intelligence provide us with a field of struggle against serious problems that concern the whole world such as climate change and global warming? Do you have concrete views?
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Recep Baydemir
Recep Baydemir
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Can we benefit from artificial intelligence in combating climate change?
Question
6 answers
  • 29 Oct 2024
Can we benefit from artificial intelligence in combating climate change? Can artificial intelligence contribute to the fight against climate change? If ‘no’ why, if ‘yes’ how?
Relevant answer
  • 29 Oct 2024
Answer
Recep Baydemir
Yes, artificial intelligence (AI) can significantly contribute to combating climate change by enhancing our understanding, predicting impacts, and creating more efficient solutions. Here are some ways AI is already making a difference:
1. Climate Modeling and Prediction
  • AI-driven models can process vast climate datasets to predict weather patterns, model future climate scenarios, and assess the potential impacts of different interventions. By analyzing complex data, AI improves climate modeling accuracy, helping scientists make informed predictions and plan responses.
2. Carbon Emission Reduction and Monitoring
  • AI can monitor and analyze emissions in real time, detecting excessive carbon release and providing insights on how to reduce it. In manufacturing and energy sectors, AI optimizes processes to minimize waste and carbon output, making industries greener.
3. Renewable Energy Optimization
  • AI algorithms help optimize the generation, storage, and distribution of renewable energy (like solar, wind, and hydropower). For example, AI forecasts weather conditions to optimize energy production, making renewables more efficient and reliable.
4. Agriculture and Land Management
  • AI can improve crop yields and land use, reduce waste, and track soil health, water use, and nutrient levels, leading to more sustainable agriculture. Machine learning models also monitor deforestation, track land use changes, and provide early warnings for illegal activities that contribute to climate change.
5. Disaster Response and Adaptation
  • AI models help anticipate natural disasters, such as hurricanes or wildfires, allowing communities to prepare and respond faster. These predictive insights can reduce the environmental and human impact of climate-related events.
6. Energy Efficiency in Smart Cities
  • AI can analyze and optimize energy use in buildings, reduce waste, and manage traffic to lower emissions. Cities can leverage AI to create efficient public transportation systems and reduce overall urban carbon footprints.
While AI has great potential, its effectiveness in combating climate change depends on appropriate data access, ethical use, and collaboration across industries and governments.
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in an old 2010 way to tell what is true sustainability and what is not BEFORE YOU WRITE ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY? Have you read this article?
Question
4 answers
  • 29 Oct 2024
Muñoz, Lucio, 2010.  "Introducing a Simple Qualitative Comparative Dichotomy Approach to State and Clarify Sustainable Development and Sustainability Related Concepts and Issues”, Journal of Sustainability, Issue 2, Number 4(Spring), Rio Rancho, New Mexico USA.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281244558_Introducing_a_Simple_Qualitative_Comparative_Dichotomy_Approach_to_State_and_Clarify_Sustainable_Development_and_Sustainability_Related_Concepts_and_Issues
Relevant answer
  • 29 Oct 2024
Answer
Thank you for writing Hamid, I wrote that article because despite all being written about what is and what is not sustainability RESEARCHERS AND INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS keep using sustainable development as sustainability or sustainability as sustainable development and worse, the UN defining sustainability as sustainable development and they should know better.
I expanded the theory of sustainability to include the theory of SUSTAINABILITY MARKETS to force food for thoughts:
Sharing here in good faith
2009
Beyond traditional sustainable development: Stating specific and general sustainability theory and sustainability indices using ideal present-absent qualitative comparative conditions
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281276522_Beyond_traditional_sustainable_development_Stating_specific_and_general_sustainability_theory_and_sustainability_indices_using_ideal_present-absent_qualitative_comparative_conditions
2003
Linking Sustainable Development Indicators by Means of Present/Absent Sustainability Theory and Indices: The Case of Agenda 21
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281276222_Linking_Sustainable_Development_Indicators_by_Means_of_PresentAbsent_Sustainability_Theory_and_Indices_The_Case_of_Agenda_21
2016
Beyond Green Market Thinking: What would be the Structure of the Perfect Sustainability Market?
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303014272_Beyond_Green_Market_Thinking_What_would_be_the_Structure_of_the_Perfect_Sustainability_Market
2019
From Traditional Markets to Sustainability Markets: A Look at Markets Under Perfect Sustainability Market Competition
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331344497_From_Traditional_Markets_to_Sustainability_Markets_A_Look_at_Markets_Under_Perfect_Sustainability_Market_Competition
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Sandipan Ghosh
Sandipan Ghosh
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Are you interested to contribute a book chapter (publisher: Palgrave Macmillan, Springer Nature)?
Question
11 answers
  • 20 Oct 2024
Book Title: Reimaging Indian Rivers for Sustainability
Book Theme: The rivers of India, vital lifelines that support agriculture, industry, and drinking water needs, are facing unprecedented challenges due to climate change and human activities of the Anthropocene. The impact of rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increasing frequency of extreme weather events is profoundly affecting the geomorphology, hydrology, ecology, and socioeconomic fabric associated with these waterways. This book project (edited volume) explores how climate change is influencing Indian rivers (impact) and outlines potential strategies for mitigation and adaptation (resilience). It also covers the impact of various human activities on the fluvial morphology, hydrology, and riverine environment. Yet, as we step further into the 21st century, these vital waterways face unprecedented challenges. Reviving and restoring fluvial ecosystems is essential for reviving the health of India's rivers. This involves rehabilitating wetlands, reforesting riparian zones, and restoring natural river channels that have been altered by human activity. The need to reimagine and revitalize India's rivers has never been more urgent. To ensure their sustainability and health, a comprehensive blueprint is essential—one that balances ecological preservation with socioeconomic development. Research initiatives from a range of academic perspectives, including geography, biology, hydrology, geomorphology, environmental sustainability, environmental science, water economy, sociology, and political geography, are required for the book project.
If you are interested, please download the attachment for more details and message me in ResearchGate.
Relevant answer
  • 29 Oct 2024
Answer
Dear Sir, I am interested in writing a book chapter on this topic. Kindly send the details on nitinppatil.7400@gmail.com
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Bukola Odugbade
Bukola Odugbade
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Can i get journals for my topic; impact global climate change on business sustainability in south west nigeria?
Question
2 answers
  • 26 Oct 2024
I need 25 journals on my topic; The impact of global climate change on business sustainability in Nigeria
Relevant answer
  • 26 Oct 2024
Answer
To explore the impact of global climate change on business sustainability in Southwest Nigeria, several journal articles delve into related environmental and economic effects. For instance, studies indicate that climate change affects business operations through disruptions in supply chains, food insecurity, and extreme weather events impacting infrastructure. Additionally, agriculture, critical to the region’s economy, faces challenges like saltwater intrusion and soil erosion due to rising sea levels, impacting both productivity and profitability in business sectors reliant on agriculture.
Some useful articles for your topic include those in the Global Journal of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences and Sustainable Development in Nigeria journals, which examine these climate and economic dynamics in depth. AMBIO is also good.
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Drahmad Hassan
Drahmad Hassan
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Optimizing Pakistan's Green Landscape: Addressing Future Challenges through Artificial Intelligence
Question
1 answer
  • 31 Oct 2023
Dear ResearchGate Community,
We invite you to join a crucial discussion on the current state and future challenges of Pakistan's green landscape, specifically focusing on our website www.pakgreenlandscape.com, and the innovative use of artificial intelligence to address these challenges. Our research endeavors to shed light on the importance of preserving and enhancing Pakistan's natural environment while harnessing the power of AI to ensure a sustainable future.
Pakistan is home to diverse ecosystems, ranging from lush forests and meadows to arid deserts. These natural landscapes are not only vital for biodiversity but also play a significant role in mitigating the effects of climate change, ensuring food security, and supporting local livelihoods. However, they face a multitude of challenges, including deforestation, urbanization, pollution, and climate change, which threaten their stability and vitality.
Artificial intelligence has emerged as a powerful tool to understand, monitor, and manage these complex ecosystems. Through AI-driven techniques such as remote sensing, data analysis, and predictive modeling, researchers and conservationists can gain valuable insights into the dynamics of Pakistan's green landscapes. This technology can aid in early detection of deforestation, assess the health of vegetation, predict environmental changes, and optimize resource management.
This discussion aims to address the following questions:
  • How can AI be effectively utilized to monitor and protect Pakistan's green landscapes?
  • What are the specific challenges that AI can help overcome, and what are the limitations?
  • What are the policy implications and collaborative efforts required to integrate AI into landscape conservation strategies?
  • How can we ensure that AI applications benefit both ecological conservation and local communities?
We encourage researchers, environmentalists, AI experts, policymakers, and all concerned individuals to share their insights, experiences, and concerns regarding the intersection of AI and Pakistan's green landscape. Together, we can explore innovative solutions and advance our collective knowledge to secure a sustainable and thriving future for Pakistan's natural environments.
Please feel free to share your thoughts, research findings, and any relevant information that can contribute to this essential dialogue. Your participation is vital in shaping the path forward for Pakistan's green landscape preservation.
Let's embark on this journey to harness the potential of artificial intelligence for the betterment of our environment. Join the conversation and make a difference today!
Best regards,
Dr. Ahmad Hassan Tongji University
Relevant answer
  • 26 Oct 2024
Answer
Optimizing Pakistan’s green landscape through Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a promising path to address future environmental, economic, and social challenges. Given Pakistan’s diverse ecosystems, including forests, grasslands, agricultural areas, and urban green spaces, AI can play a critical role in optimizing landscape management, improving resource efficiency, and mitigating the impacts of climate change. Here are some key areas where AI can be leveraged effectively:
1. Precision Agriculture for Sustainable Food Production
  • Crop Health Monitoring: Using AI-powered drones and satellite imagery, farmers can monitor crop health in real-time, detecting pest infestations, diseases, and water stress early. This minimizes the need for excessive pesticide and water use, enhancing both productivity and sustainability.
  • Soil and Water Management: AI models can analyze soil data to recommend the optimal use of fertilizers and irrigation, helping prevent soil degradation and conserving water resources, which are critical for Pakistan's agriculture sector.
  • Climate-Resilient Crops: By analyzing historical climate and crop yield data, AI can identify crop varieties more resilient to changing weather patterns, thereby ensuring food security even in challenging climates.
2. Forestation and Reforestation Initiatives
  • Forest Mapping and Monitoring: Satellite data and AI-driven image recognition can help monitor forest health, track illegal logging, and assess biodiversity in forested regions. This data aids in conservation and reforestation efforts.
  • Optimal Species Selection for Afforestation: AI can analyze soil, climate, and ecosystem data to identify the best species for reforestation efforts in different regions of Pakistan, ensuring that new forests are ecologically compatible and resilient to climate changes.
  • Carbon Sequestration Optimization: AI can help quantify carbon stored in forested areas and predict future carbon sequestration potential, which is valuable for developing policies to meet Pakistan’s climate goals and for participating in global carbon markets.
3. Urban Green Space Management
  • Smart City Planning: AI can assist urban planners in designing green spaces that maximize ecosystem services such as air purification, temperature regulation, and recreational benefits. It can recommend optimal locations for parks, green roofs, and community gardens.
  • Monitoring Urban Air Quality: AI-driven air quality sensors can be deployed across cities to monitor pollutants in real time. Green spaces can then be strategically expanded or modified based on data to improve urban air quality, especially in densely populated areas.
  • Public Health and Wellbeing: AI can analyze correlations between urban greenery and public health, guiding decisions to create healthier, greener urban environments and reducing the urban heat island effect.
4. Water Resource Management
  • Water Quality Monitoring and Prediction: AI models can analyze water quality data from rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, predicting potential contamination events and enabling early intervention. This is critical for Pakistan’s drinking water security and ecosystem health.
  • Efficient Irrigation Management: In agriculture, AI can integrate with IoT sensors to optimize irrigation schedules, reducing water wastage and preserving groundwater levels, particularly important in water-scarce regions of Pakistan.
  • Flood Prediction and Management: AI-based weather and hydrological models can predict floods and suggest preventive measures, such as reservoir management and drainage improvements. This is crucial for Pakistan, where monsoon floods can cause widespread damage.
5. Combating Climate Change and Promoting Renewable Energy
  • Climate Risk Assessment: AI models can analyze climate data to assess the vulnerability of different regions to extreme weather events, guiding disaster preparedness and infrastructure resilience planning.
  • Renewable Energy Optimization: AI can optimize solar and wind energy installations, identifying the best sites and adjusting operations based on real-time weather data to maximize renewable energy production, essential for reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
  • Carbon Emission Monitoring: AI-powered monitoring can track emissions from different sectors and recommend reduction strategies, helping Pakistan stay on track with its international climate commitments.
6. Biodiversity Conservation
  • Species Monitoring: AI-driven image and sound recognition can monitor species in Pakistan's forests, grasslands, and marine areas, enabling conservationists to track biodiversity health and identify endangered species.
  • Predicting Habitat Changes: AI can analyze environmental and climate data to predict habitat changes, allowing proactive steps to protect biodiversity hotspots and endangered species from climate impacts.
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Seda H. Bostancı
Seda H. Bostancı
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Invitation to Climate Change and Sustainability Symposium in Turkey (online and free of charge)
Question
2 answers
  • 24 Oct 2024
Dear Valuable Scientists,
"Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 2nd International Symposium on Political Science and Public Administration" will be held in Tekirdağ on 28-29/November/2024, ONLINE. The theme of the symposium was determined as "Climate Change and Sustainable Future".
We are first of all expecting an Abstract with the format
https://iibfsempozyum.nku.edu.tr/BildiriYaz%C4%B1mKurallar%C4%B1Siyaset/0/s/21993/29431
Then o 10 minutes youtube video presentation
Then we will give you the participation certificate and book of abstracts
And also after the video presentation evaluation we will suggest to invite you to our Scentific Comitee member with the Certificate
The symposium aims to bring together scientists and researchers from different countries from Political Science and Public Administration discipline, to create a platform that will enable them to present their studies, and to share their knowledge and collaborate nationally and internationally. A detailed information about the program is announced on the official website: https://iibfsempozyum.nku.edu.tr/SempozyumHakk%C4%B1ndaSiyaset/0/s/21993/29425
About the Symposium
- Peer-reviewed
- Proceedings PDF with ISBN will be published
- Symposium will be held only ONLINE
- No submission fees required.
- Submit your abstracts or full text papers : sbkycongress@gmail.com
Theme of The Symposium
Climate Change and Sustainable Future
Important Dates
Abstract submission deadline: 1 October 2024
Symposium Date: 25 October 2024
General Topics (not limited to)
· Sustainability
· Climate Change
· Climate Change Politics
· Political Economy
· Circular Economy
· Food Policies
· Gender Studies
· Political Communication
· Urban/Local Politics
· Social Policy
· Urban Planning
· Local Governments
· Urbanization Policy
· Smart Cities
· Sustainable Development
· Political Ecology
· Environmental Management
· Natural Resources and Environmental Economics
· Urban Policy
· E-government
· Disaster Management
· Technology and Innovation Management
· Political philosophy
· History of Political Thought
· International Politics
· Political Sociology
Relevant answer
  • 25 Oct 2024
Answer
Revered Professor Dr.Seda H. Bostanci,
Greetings.
I have replied to the Symposium Email.
I am in need of your email ID and WhatsApp Cell phone number for future communications because the duration is very short.
I will facilitate all the Abstracts and Full papers as early as possible Professor.
I need your kind help and support.
Rest will be in your email.
Regards
Senapathy
Ethiopia
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Isam Mohammed Abdulhameed
Isam Mohammed Abdulhameed
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Climate change and annual rainfall depths
Question
7 answers
  • 22 Oct 2024
Do climate changes cause a decrease in the amount of annual rainfall in dry areas, or do they cause a change in the fluctuation of the dates and intensity of rains? as we notice an increase in cases of floods and torrential torrents in those areas? This leads to the question of the rain isolines, whether they are fixed or variable as a result of the severity of climate changes?
Relevant answer
  • 25 Oct 2024
Answer
There are dust clouds which has created deserts from western India to Morocco for the last 2,000-5,500 years, that you can read about at https://www.ecoseeds.com/cool.html
What the dust in the air does, is it changes the dew point, so that moisture cannot form rain clouds. The other thing it does, is forms a wall against rain clouds, so they stall and pour rain on that barrier. This dust cloud is so strong, it can stop Category-5 cyclones like GONU you can see at https://www.ecoseeds.com/GONU.html
However, since 1985, the amount of moisture in the air has increase due to Global Warming, so that is cancelling out the effects of the dust. In the past in Arabia, the torrential rains used to happen every few centuries. Now if is several times a year, that you can read about at https://www.ecoseeds.com/cool2.html
By replanting the local native grasses, wildflowers and trees, that insulates the land and settles the dust, so that the dew point can change and produce gentle rains instead of torrential flood. Also, by cloud seeding on a weekly basis, then the rain clouds and moisture can be dispersed and directed somewhat and keep it moving instead of flooding a particular spot.
We have been having four years of discussions about this issue at https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_we_can_reach_the_food_security_in_country_90_is_desert
and for two years at https://www.researchgate.net/post/Climate_change_or_water_resource_management_Which_has_caused_the_intensification_of_dust_storms_in_the_Middle_East
Image of the "Pakistan-Arabia Dust Cloud" trapping a cyclone last year.
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Bishal Dhungana
Bishal Dhungana
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Can soil actually mitigate climate change? Can we reverse climate change working with the soil or there are another cheap ways?
Question
6 answers
  • 18 Oct 2024
Can we reverse climate change using soil conservation practices? What soil amendments are athe most effective for storing carbon?
Relevant answer
  • 24 Oct 2024
Answer
Yes, soil can significantly mitigate climate change by acting as a carbon sink. Through soil conservation practices like agroforestry, no-till farming, cover cropping, and adding organic amendments (such as compost or biochar), soils can store more carbon. This sequestered carbon helps reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Soil amendments like biochar, compost, and crop residues are particularly effective in enhancing soil carbon storage due to their stable nature and ability to improve soil structure.
For further reading, check out the article-
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384700343_Carbon_storage_in_sacred_groves_of_Uttar_Dinajpur_implications_for_climate_change_mitigation_and_conservation_strategies
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Firas Al-Zyoud
Firas Al-Zyoud
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Could anyone provide me with recent papers about the effect of climate change on insects?
Question
2 answers
  • 24 Sept 2024
effect of climate change on insects globally
Relevant answer
  • 23 Oct 2024
Answer
Thank you so much
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in old 2008 ideas linking the dilemma renewable energy vrs social needs and ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY? Have you ever read this article?
Question
2 answers
  • 21 Oct 2024
Look at today 2024 and compare it to the ideas shared here and you may see what it should have been from 2008 towards RIO + 20 UNCSD 2012 and after if we were REALLY INTERESTED in slowly transitioning POLLUTION PRODUCTION ECONOMIES to the fully renewable energy-based economy.
Muñoz, Lucio, 2008.   Renewable Energy Vrs Social Needs: What Do Environmentalists Must Do to Induce the Development of a Sustainable Market fueled only by Renewable Energy?, In: Agrocombustibles, REDESMA, Vol 2(1), Section VII, March, La Paz, Bolivia.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281276208_Renewable_energy_vrs_social_needs_What_do_environmentalists_must_do_to_induce_the_development_of_a_sustainable_market_fueled_only_by_renewable_energy
Relevant answer
  • 22 Oct 2024
Answer
Souyene, the article is full of food for thoughts about what environmentalist should focus on achieving consistent with social needs to ensure a responsible renewable energy based world, BUT IT WAS NOT DONE so now we can look back at what went wrong and the cost, environmentally and socially of unsystematic renewable energy policies and unsustainability linkages
When you have time, take a look at the article
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in an old formal theory of sustainability and indices advanced in 2003 before 2012 RIO + 20? Have you ever read this article?
Question
2 answers
  • 14 Oct 2024
Muñoz, Lucio, 2003.  Linking Sustainable Development Indicators by Means of Present/Absent Sustainability Theory and Indices: The Case of Agenda 21, GDS, IIG, Spain
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281276222_Linking_Sustainable_Development_Indicators_by_Means_of_PresentAbsent_Sustainability_Theory_and_Indices_The_Case_of_Agenda_21
Relevant answer
  • 19 Oct 2024
Answer
Yes, I'm definitely interested in the old formal theory of sustainability and indices from 2003, prior to Rio+20. I haven't seen the article yet, but I would love to take a look. Could you share the link or more details about it?
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  • 15 Recommendations
Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in old 2003 eco-economic development ideas under social sustainability gaps still relevant today? Have you ever read this article?
Question
2 answers
  • 16 Oct 2024
Muñoz, Lucio, 2003.  Eco-Economic Development Under Social Constraints: How to Redirect it Towards Sustainability?,  In: THEOMAI, Issue # 8, October, Argentina
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282828124_Eco-Economic_Development_Under_Social_Constraints_How_to_Redirect_it_Towards_Sustainability
Relevant answer
  • 17 Oct 2024
Answer
Good day Trishika, thank you for taking the time to write.
The article has some good food for thoughts still relevant today, but thinking outside the box.
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in old 2002 ideas about to the expected problems and implications of implementing the green development ideas? Have you read this article?
Question
4 answers
  • 8 Oct 2024
Muñoz, Lucio, 2002. "The Meso-American Biological Corridor and Regional Sustainability: An Overview of Potential Problems and Their Policy Implications", Issue 32/August, DHIAL Journal, IIG/Spain
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281276185_The_Meso-American_Biological_Corridor_and_Regional_Sustainability_An_Overview_of_Potential_Problems_and_Their_Policy_Implications
Relevant answer
  • 14 Oct 2024
Answer
Good day Prem, thank you for writing. Wish you find some good food for thoughts in it.
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Does the Thomas Kuhn's paradigm evolution loop predicts the future collapse of dwarf green markets?
Question
2 answers
  • 11 Sept 2023
Since 1987 we have been trying to solve a sustainability issue like the eco-economic development issue through sustainable development means, a theory-practice inconsistency, so not surprise the social and environmental sustainability issues the Brundtland Commission highlighted then to be addressed are in worse state today,,,,Pollution still increasing and the sustainability problem more acute.
If the price distortions embedded in Adam Smith's traditional market model thinking are not addressed head on, the Thomas Kuhn.s paradigm evolution loop suggest that the worsening of the environmental abnormalities embedded fully in the traditional market thinking and partially in dwarf green market thinking will push the environmentally patched business as usual model towards collapse, which raises the question: Does the Thomas Kuhn's paradigm evolution loop predicts the future collapse of dwarf green markets?
I think yes, what do you think?
Relevant answer
  • 13 Oct 2024
Answer
Dear Lucio,
In my opinion, Thomas Kuhn's paradigm evolution loop can indeed be a valuable tool in understanding the future development (or decline) of so-called “dwarf green markets.” Kuhn argued that science (and, more broadly, cognitive paradigms in society) develops through revolutionary change rather than gradual evolution. In short, when the current paradigm ceases to explain reality and its internal contradictions become too severe, a crisis arises, leading to the emergence of a new paradigm.
In the context of sustainable development, the issue has long struggled with theoretical and practical inadequacies, as was clearly evident since the 1987 Brundtland Report. Despite efforts to implement sustainable development solutions, issues such as pollution and climate change continue to worsen. In this sense, as you yourself note, there is a growing inconsistency between sustainability theory and actual results. In Kuhn's model, we could interpret this as a sign of a growing crisis in the paradigm of the traditional market economy, which is unable to respond effectively to environmental challenges.
Besides, “dwarfing green markets” could be seen as an attempt to patch up the existing system, which is itself structurally flawed. The traditional market model, based on Adam Smith's principles that reward short-term profits and ignore long-term environmental costs, distorts the real prices of green goods. Green markets, which are largely part of the current system, do not offer a full paradigm shift - rather, they represent a minimal modification of the paradigm, attempting to introduce green principles into a model that was not designed with sustainability in mind.
Viewed from Kuhn's perspective, these “patched” systems have limited sustainability. If the price distortions and imperfections of the traditional market model continue to worsen, as seems inevitable in the face of growing ecological problems, the current paradigm could enter a crisis phase. This leads to the possibility of the collapse of “dwarf green markets” as too weak to survive, and the need to replace them with a new, more radical approach to sustainability.
In view of the above, it can be concluded that Kuhn's paradigm evolution loop actually suggests that the future collapse of dwarf green markets is highly probable. In the longer term, there may be a breakthrough that will replace the current imperfect solutions with a new paradigm based on more fundamental economic and social changes that will be better able to respond to the challenges of sustainable development.
I would hereby like to add that Thomas Kuhn's paradigm evolution loop can be interpreted as a key model to explain both the potential demise of “dwarf green markets” and the need to implement a fundamental green transformation of the economy. Sustainable economic development, the green transformation of the economy, and the development of fully green markets are concepts that go beyond Adam Smith's traditional market paradigm, based on short-term profits and ignoring long-term environmental costs. The rationale for pursuing a green transition is based on the fact that only by building a zero-carbon, circular and environmentally responsible economy will it be possible to meet the challenges of sustainable development and minimize further negative impacts of climate change and ecosystem degradation.
To summarize these considerations of mine, Kuhn's paradigm evolution loop can be seen as an argument that without implementing fundamental changes in economic thinking, current “patched” models of sustainability, such as “dwarf green markets,” will not survive. Their place will be taken by more holistic and responsible economic models that are better suited to the challenges of the modern world. A circular economy, zero-carbon, based on renewable energy and integrated with corporate social responsibility, is the future that will truly achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
I pointed out various aspects of this important issue for the future of the planet, the future of the planet's climate and biosphere, and for the future of future generations of people in my article:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
I invite you to join me in scientific cooperation,
Kind regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Lucio Muñoz
Lucio Muñoz
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Interested in old ideas about global warming? Have you ever read this article?
Question
4 answers
  • 9 Oct 2024
Muñoz, Lucio, 2002. “Are We Appropriately Assigning Causes to Global Warming?”, In: Sustainability Outlook, Issue 16, November 13, Warren Flint(PhD)(Ed), Washington, DC, USA.
Relevant answer
  • 11 Oct 2024
Answer
James, thank you for commenting. The reason I wrote that article in 2002 was that I saw moved towards a single focus on human causes only isolated from even the idea that earth is more than humans.
All the aspects you highlighted Jams are consistent with the implication of the simple formula I shared in the article and the piece by piece puzzle implications.
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Anu Bhardwaj
Anu Bhardwaj
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Global Climate Change and Policy
Question
3 answers
  • 6 Oct 2024
Differences in countries’ policies on addressing climate change and their impact on international relations.
Relevant answer
  • 7 Oct 2024
Answer
Countries' varying climate change policies significantly impact international relations, with ambitious commitments fostering partnerships while divergent responsibilities create tensions. Financial support and geopolitical dynamics further influence collaboration and trust in global climate negotiations.
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Lucie Mátlová
Lucie Mátlová
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
How can AI contribute to solving global challenges such as climate change or healthcare?
Question
2 answers
  • 20 Sept 2024
I wonder what specific technologies or approaches could be used and how they could effectively analyze data and design solutions.
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  • 28 Sept 2024
Answer
for health care AI can contribute to avoid compliance and dosing errors in the elderly population and to avoid untoward effects due to the same. Signal monitoring of the vitals could be feasible in mandate situations in self implied manner.
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Isabella Dewhurst
Isabella Dewhurst
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
How can I identify popular hashtags on a social media platform from three years ago?
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4 answers
  • 24 Jul 2024
I'm looking into climate change fake news (specifically ice melt fake news) on TikTok and YouTube, and I'm going to be gathering relevant social media posts from around COP26. Any ideas on how I might identify through the platforms the most used relevant hashtags around that time period?
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  • 26 Sept 2024
Answer
This content is very professional. I admire this author very much. I hope I can have a chance to communicate more and become friends.
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Sandeep Naharia
Sandeep Naharia
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
What is agrovoltaic energy and why can it help curb rural depopulation?
Question
3 answers
  • 8 Aug 2024
Agrovoltaic energy can be a great ally in the fight against climate change, as well as an opportunity for development in rural areas
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  • 24 Sept 2024
Answer
Thanks Sara
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Mohammed Rouabhia
Mohammed Rouabhia
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
How does climate change affect weather patterns and the environment in different parts of the world?
Question
2 answers
  • 22 Sept 2024
How does climate change affect weather patterns and the environment in different parts of the world?
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  • 23 Sept 2024
Answer
Your question needs to be more specific, as the topic is fairly large and complicated. You might want to check the latest IPCC library for comprehensive reports, updated evidence and latest models. See link below: https://www.ipcc.ch/library/
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Stephan J. Hauser
Stephan J. Hauser
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Ecocide in international law - is it even achievable?
Question
6 answers
  • 17 Sept 2024
In times of war, laws are silent.
This is a common saying in the legal field. Yet, for now, the notion of ecocide is only mentioned in the Rome Statute of the ICC in case of conflicts.
How does that make sense when current conflicts tend to demonstrate that international laws are ignored? Even human rights.
Is pushing for the extension and adoption of this notion during peace time even realistic when the context is showing a cruel lack of considerations for basic human rights?
Please let me know what you think
Relevant answer
  • 22 Sept 2024
Answer
Mentioning 'ecocide' solely in the context of conflicts seems rather pointless. Since all consideration. for human rights is abrogated in practice in armed conflict the whole notion seems futile.
Ecocide as a concept seems a trifle morally pretentious where human life is under direct threat. All armed conflicts damage the environment and this is even prohibited in the Old Testament of the Bible.
“When you besiege a city for a long time, making war against it in order to take it, you shall not destroy its trees by wielding an axe against them. You may eat from them, but you shall not cut them down. Are the trees in the field human, that they should be besieged by you? Only the trees that you know are not trees for food you may destroy and cut down, that you may build siege-works against the city that makes war with you, until it falls”
Deuteronomy 20:19–20
I have attached one of my old lectures for reference.
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Trung Thành Anthony
Trung Thành Anthony
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
How can we create policies that stimulate individual behavioral change toward environmental protection without imposing a financial burden?
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5 answers
  • 30 Aug 2024
How can we create policies that stimulate individual behavioural change towards environmental protection without imposing a financial burden on low-income households?
In your local context, what cultural challenges are the biggest obstacles to adopting sustainable solutions and how can we overcome them?
How can businesses and communities work together to develop more efficient green economic models that create economic benefits for both parties?
How should environmental education be integrated into the primary school curriculum to foster environmental awareness among future generations?
How can modern information and communication technologies be leveraged to raise community awareness and action in mitigating the impacts of climate change?
What initiatives are needed to promote citizen participation in monitoring and reporting environmental issues in their area?
What financial support programs can be designed to encourage households and small businesses to adopt green technologies?
How can we create a global network of cooperation between cities to share knowledge, experience and resources in combating climate change?
These questions not only help to broaden the discussion, but also promote the search for innovative and effective solutions, while encouraging the participation of many different stakeholders.
Relevant answer
  • 12 Sept 2024
Answer
Trung Thành Anthony
Ilan Kelman
Abdelhak Maghchiche
In my opinion to create policies that encourage people to protect the environment without costing them money, we can focus on making small, simple changes that are easy to follow. For example, we could promote recycling by making it more convenient, like having more recycling bins in neighborhoods. We could also offer free workshops or tips on how to save energy at home, such as using energy-efficient light bulbs. Another idea is to create community programs that reward people for eco-friendly actions, like planting trees or reducing waste, with small tokens of appreciation. By making these actions easy and rewarding, we can inspire people to make a positive environmental impact without extra costs.
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Ali Reza Shahvaran
Ali Reza Shahvaran
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
CMIP6 Historical Data Ends in 2014: Seeking More Recent "Historical" Climate Data?
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3 answers
  • 6 Sept 2024
I'm developing a machine learning model that requires up-to-date climate data of recent years. However, the historical period in the CMIP6 datasets typically ends in 2014.
Are there any solutions that can provide "historical" climate data extending beyond 2014?
Is it reasonable to use the "SSP 2 RCP 4.5" scenario of 2015-2023 "projection" data as "historical"?
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  • 8 Sept 2024
Answer
@Ali Reza Shahvaran I wish you all the best in your search.
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Trung Thành Anthony
Trung Thành Anthony
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
How to encourage creativity and innovation in communities to create climate change response solutions that are appropriate to local conditions?
Question
3 answers
  • 30 Aug 2024
Shifting the focus from technological solutions to climate change and focusing on the “human factor” is an important part of the overall picture of climate change mitigation efforts. In fact, technology and human behavior are not separate but complementary factors in the fight against climate change. Here are some reasons why focusing on the human factor is necessary:
1. Changing Behavior: Technology can provide tools and solutions, but their adoption and effectiveness depend largely on human behavior and choices. For example, the transition to renewable energy requires not only the availability of technology but also people’s acceptance and transformation of the energy used in their daily lives.
2. Education and Awareness: Raising awareness of environmental issues and climate change through education can motivate people to take more sustainable actions in their personal lives and communities.
3. Policies and Regulations: Policies and regulations can promote or discourage certain behaviors. For example, carbon taxes and financial incentives for sustainable solutions can encourage individuals and businesses to change their behavior.
4. Community Engagement: Involving individuals and communities in environmental decision-making can lead to more sustainable and widely accepted solutions.
5. Psychology and Culture: Each culture and geographic region has its own values ​​and beliefs that can influence how people perceive and respond to climate change. Understanding and integrating these aspects into mitigation strategies can increase the effectiveness of environmental protection efforts.
Thus, while technology is an essential part of addressing climate change, active and conscious human participation is indispensable. A balance between technology and the human element will create a more comprehensive and effective strategy in dealing with current and future environmental challenges.
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  • 3 Sept 2024
Answer
Trung Thành Anthony
Abdelhak Maghchiche
I believe that to encourage creativity and innovation in communities for climate change solutions, you can start by involving local people in the process. Listen to their ideas, support their projects, and provide resources or training if needed. Create a space where everyone feels safe to share and experiment with new ideas that fit the local environment. Collaboration and open communication are key
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Sinan Ibaguner
Sinan Ibaguner
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Since there's clearly easiest but to insist on hardest, as to use Fahrenheit temperatures instead of Celcius; is it exteme absurdity &/or dogmatism ?
Question
1 answer
  • 30 Aug 2024
DOGMATISM or ABSURDITY or DOGMABSURDITY ?
( I invented the word "DOGMABSURDITY" for this context. )
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  • 31 Aug 2024
Answer
The choice to use Fahrenheit temperatures instead of Celsius can be viewed in different ways, depending on the context and culture. In some regions, especially the United States, the Fahrenheit scale is the norm and therefore may be considered easier for locals to use, as they are familiar with it. On the other hand, the Celsius scale is widely used in the scientific world and in many countries, and is seen as more logical due to its alignment with the metric system.
Resistance to adopting the Celsius system in places where Fahrenheit is standardized can be interpreted as a form of cultural dogmatism or an aversion to change. However, it can also be a matter of comfort and adaptation to what is already known. Thus, insistence on using Fahrenheit in contexts that favor Celsius can be seen as irrational, but it can also reflect cultural preference. The choice of a thermal scale should ideally prioritize clarity and comprehensibility, especially in situations where accuracy of information is crucial, such as in meteorology or environmental sciences.
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Abbas Kashani
Abbas Kashani
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Why have changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation increased during the 20th century? Can climate change be predicted in the future?
Question
1 answer
  • 23 Aug 2024
Why have changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation increased during the 20th century? Can climate change be predicted in the future?
The North Atlantic Oscillation explains a large part of the climate variability across the North Atlantic Ocean From the east coast of North America across Europe, many studies of the North Atlantic Oscillation in extreme weather conditions in this region, especially in Winter is relevant. It has motivated a significant study of this pattern. However, an overlooked feature is how the North Atlantic Oscillation has changed over time. There is a significant increase in the variance of the pattern. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) increased during the 20th century from 32% in 1930 to 53% at the end of the 20th century. Whether this change is due to natural variation, a forced response to climate change, or a combination thereof is not yet clear. However, we found no evidence for a forced response from the Model Comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) set of 50 pairwise models. All of these models showed significant internal variability in the strength of the North Atlantic Oscillation, but were biased toward it. In the region, this has direct implications for both long-term and short-term forecasting where regional climate changes are extreme. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a pattern of variability associated with sea surface pressure over the North Atlantic Ocean with a subpolar low and subtropical high. The NAO is associated with large-scale changes in the position and intensity of both the storm track and the jet stream over the North Atlantic, and therefore plays a direct role in shaping the atmospheric transport of heat and moisture across the basin (Fasullo et al., 2020). ). It has also been shown that the NAO has a large effect on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and therefore the oceanic heat transfer, and this is the largest time scale of 20-30 years, which leads to changes in northern hemisphere temperatures of a few tenths. a degree (Delworth and Zeng, 2016). NAO has positive and negative. It shows significant interannual phase and changes. The positive phase of NAO shows between the two phases of pressure below the normal limit in the subpolar region and high pressure above the normal limit in the subtropics. It is often associated with a decrease in temperature and precipitation, an anomaly in southern Europe and an increase in precipitation, an anomaly in northern Europe, the effects of the NAO across the basin and the positive phase are also associated with it. Positive temperature anomaly in the eastern United States. The opposite pattern and its effects are observed during the period when the NAO is in its negative phase (Weisheimer et al., (2017). It has long been established that the NAO dominates climate variability over a large part of the Northern Hemisphere. The eastern coast of North America across Europe to the center of Russia and from the Arctic in the north to the subtropical Atlantic Ocean (Horrell et al., 2003) is one of the important components of winter variability and is related to the frequency and intensity of weather extremes. in Europe (Hilock and Goodes, 2004; Scaife et al., 2008; Fan et al., 2016). Therefore, it is necessary to understand the scale of natural variability in the NAO, how the NAO responds to changes in external forcing, and whether these If current climate models fail to account for natural variability or NAO forcing, this could lead to radical predictions of extreme climate change in Europe on time scales of decades to centuries.An index for the NAO is often identified in one of two
ways. The first approach is to calculate the normalized difference in surface pressure between the subtropical high (Azores High) and subpolar low (Icelandic Low) over the North Atlantic sector. The second approach is to perform an Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis on sea level pressure over the North Atlantic region. An EOF analysis separates the variability in the sea level pressure into orthogonal modes, with the first mode containing the largest proportion of the variability and each subsequent mode containing progressively less. When an EOF analysis is used to calculate the NAO, the first mode indicates the NAO index, while the second and third modes usually provide the North Atlantic ridge and Scandinavian blocking patterns (Cassou et al., 2004).
Relevant answer
  • 30 Aug 2024
Answer
This happened because of global warming. I that future climate changes can be prebelievedicted if the extent of global warming is tracked, as it is considered one of the most important causes of climate change. Prediction can depend on
Comparing the climate factors of this region with each other during different time periods, then using statistics to predict its shape in the future.
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Callistus Francis Azubuike
Callistus Francis Azubuike
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Is the Conflict in the North Central Nigeria (Middle Belt) as a result of adverse climatic change or is it entirely expansionist agenda?
Question
1 answer
  • 27 Aug 2024
Understanding the Question:
The question is asking whether the ongoing conflict in North Central Nigeria (also known as the Middle Belt) is primarily caused by adverse climatic changes or if it is driven by an expansionist agenda. Let's break down the key elements of the question:
North Central Nigeria (Middle Belt) Conflict:
This refers to the violent clashes and unrest that have been occurring in the Middle Belt region of Nigeria, an area known for its ethnic and religious diversity. The conflicts often involve farmers and herders, but other groups are also affected.
Adverse Climatic Change:
Adverse Climatic Change in this context refers to negative environmental changes such as desertification, drought, and changes in rainfall patterns. The question is probing whether these environmental challenges are the primary drivers of the conflict. For example, if herders are moving southward due to desertification in the north, leading to competition over land and resources with farmers, this would be a conflict driven by climatic change.
Expansionist Agenda:
An Expansionist Agenda suggests that the conflict might be driven by a deliberate attempt by one group to expand its territory, influence, or control over another group’s land. This could involve religious, ethnic, or political motivations, where the conflict is seen as a means of domination rather than just a reaction to environmental changes.
Purpose of the Question:
The question is designed to encourage critical thinking about the root causes of the conflict in the Middle Belt. It asks the responder to consider whether the violence is primarily a consequence of environmental factors or if it is driven by more strategic and possibly ideological goals. The question also invites exploration of the possibility that both factors might be at play, either separately or intertwined.
Contextual Consideration:
To answer the question thoroughly, one would need to consider historical, environmental, socio-political, and economic contexts. It’s important to evaluate how climate change might be exacerbating existing tensions or whether claims of an expansionist agenda are supported by evidence.
Relevant answer
  • 27 Aug 2024
Answer
Neither concept is ready. The climate change is real. The Dutch KNM! explain what is happening as a rresult of higher water amounts in the atmosphere so that there are drougts and flood more than before. Northern Nigeria has experienced a changr in climate b deecause of the loss of the ladang system, deforaationn and change in albedo. There is no longerforest induced rainfall as there is no tropical equatorial forest. Look at the population change during the last 20 to 100 years. Foresta were cut for charcoal, coal, iron, gold and slav.es So moslems are expanding with the help of Putin. The best advice from Confucious is to avoid princes and potentates Live undeground, create banded vegetation and like the bushnan eat the Tsumana mellon
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Ebenezer Odji
Ebenezer Odji
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Which is more important: The human factor or the technological factor in combating climate change?
Question
13 answers
  • 3 Aug 2024
On a personal note, even though technology has attracted a lot of interest and funding to combat climate change, it is becoming more and more clear that taking care of the "Human Dimension" is just as equally important. This change acknowledges that there are social and behavioral aspects to climate change in addition to environmental ones. Understanding and changing the attitudes, actions, and social structures that contribute to climate change are essential components of placing an emphasis on the human element. Involving communities in climate action, guaranteeing fair access to resources, encouraging sustainable lifestyles, and raising public awareness are all part of it. Through the integration of social sciences and technological advancements, more resilient and effective holistic strategies can be developed. In the end, taking into account the human factor in addition to technological advancements can result in more inclusive and sustainable solutions, encouraging a social movement toward long-term environmental stewardship. However, is it possible that one of these factors may be more important than the other? Which should be accorded more cognizance, funding and research attention at this times?
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  • 27 Aug 2024
Answer
I think: of course the human factor is more important than the technological factor in combating climate change because it drives the awareness, policy changes, and behavioral shifts necessary for sustainable solutions. on the other hand, technology provides tools and innovations to reduce emissions and adapt to changing conditions, it is the human commitment to change—through responsible consumption, activism, and the enforcement of environmental regulations—that ensures these technologies are implemented effectively. Without the collective will and action of people, even the most advanced technologies would fail to make a significant impact.
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Rahul Jain
Rahul Jain
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Climate Change - Causes and Solutions
Question
1 answer
  • 24 Aug 2024
Climate Change - Causes and Solutions
https://youtu.be/Jn5mcyip4Vg
#ClimateChange #GlobalWarming #Sustainability
Relevant answer
  • 24 Aug 2024
Answer
Since the 16 th century the activity of the sun increases in an oscillating way, since the 16 th century the protective shield of the magnetic field of the Earth diminishes (the magnetic pole does hot migrate any more but it is on the run to a “pole jump”). During the last 2000 years the main catastrophes and geohazards do not show any correlation with the change in the atmospheric CO2 content. The ozone hole after banning the production of chlorofluorocarbons is opening and closing and does not take any notice of the human impact.
See:
Worüber der Weltklimarat nicht spricht - Ein offenes Geheimnis ---Which the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change does not talk about - An open secret.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380931697_Woruber_der_Weltklimarat_nicht_spricht_-_Ein_offenes_Geheimnis_---Which_the_Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change_does_not_talk_about_-_An_open_secret
  • June 2024
Journal of Military Technology (Wehrtechnik) 2023/2024
· Part 1 https://wehrtechnik.info/index.php/2023/11/30/worueber-der-weltklimarat-nicht-spricht/
· Part 2 https://wehrtechnik.info/index.php/2024/05/22/worueber-der-weltklimarat-nicht-spricht-2/
· Part 3 https://wehrtechnik.info/index.php/2024/05/29/worueber-der-weltklimarat-nicht-spricht-klimawandel-kohlendioxid-und-katastrophen/
· Part 4 https://wehrtechnik.info/index.php/2024/06/13/worueber-der-weltklimarat-nicht-spricht-der-blick-durch-das-ozonloch-auf-die-apokalypse-der-politischen-wissenschaften-und-ihren-turmbau-zu-babel/
HGD
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Bruno Borsari
Bruno Borsari
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Call for Papers for a New Book: "Climate Change, Food Security, and Land Management”
Question
12 answers
  • 6 Aug 2024
Dear Colleagues,
Call for Papers for a New Book: "Climate Change, Food Security, and Land
Management”
The intertwined challenges of climate change, food security, and land
management represent some of the most pressing issues facing humanity
today. As the global population continues to grow, the demand for food
increases, placing unprecedented pressure on our agricultural systems
and natural resources. Simultaneously, climate change poses significant
threats to these systems, exacerbating vulnerabilities and complicating
efforts to ensure a sustainable and secure food future.
It is against this background that we invite suitably qualified experts
and project teams to contribute to the book "Climate Change, Food
Security, and Land Management". A unique feature of this book is its
strong practice-oriented focus: apart from the results of research and
field projects, it will contain a wide range of papers exemplifying the
diversity of approaches to handle climate change, ensure food security
and foster better land management taking place all over the world.
In addition, the book will describe grassroots projects and innovative
initiatives happening in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the
Pacific region, documenting and promoting the diversity of works taking
place today.
Comprising works by scholars, professionals and practitioners from
around the globe, the book "Climate Change, Food Security, and Land
Management” is envisaged as a ground-breaking interdisciplinary publication on
climate change, that identifies innovative management methods and tools that are
field-tested and practice-approved. It
will be published as part of Springer Nature’s “Climate Change
Management Series”, the world’s leading peer-reviewed
book series on matters related to climate change
https://www.springer.com/series/8740. It draws from the experiences and
success with the“Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation”
https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783642386695,
the “Handbook of Climate Change Resilience”,
https://www.springer.com/la/book/9783319933351, the African Handbook of
Climate Change Adaptation
https://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6(which
is completely open access) and the “Handbook of Climate Change
Management: Research, Leadership, Transformation”, which, with 6 volumes
and over 500authors, is one of the most comprehensive publications on the topic ever
produced: https://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-3-030-57281-5
If you are interested to contribute to this book, please send an
abstract of 200 words, including the title of the contribution and the
full contact details of the authors, to: info@iccip.net. The deadline
for abstracts is 30th September 2024. Full papers are due by 10th
January 2025.
Further details on the next steps will be shared with the candidates
which have been accepted.
Rgds,
The ICCIRP Team (please do not reply to this note, kindly send your
expression of interest to:
info@iccip.net)
Relevant answer
  • 18 Aug 2024
Answer
Hi Ranjan,
Yes! Absolutely. Follow the instruction as presented by the call for papers and submit your 200 words abstract first. Thank you for your interest in this project.
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Divya Ganesan
Divya Ganesan
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
Looking for journals that have fast publication and first decision time in the field of microalgal CO2 sequestration ?
Question
2 answers
  • 7 May 2024
Hai...could anyone suggest for me a journal with rapid publication in the field of microalgal CO2 sequestration.(review work)... a journal indexed in WOS, Scopus, SCIE with no publication fees..
Thank you
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  • 16 Aug 2024
Answer
If you are looking for Fast Publication in less than 2 months (Scopus and WOS indexed journals) please contact me at +1 (773) 654-4399 for more details.
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Rohit Bansal
Rohit Bansal
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
What is impact of climate change on environmental sustainability ?
Question
3 answers
  • 14 Aug 2024
What is impact of climate change on environmental sustainability ?
Relevant answer
  • 15 Aug 2024
Answer
Climate change may not always kill people directly at a particular location, but it creates extreme environmental conditions and threats, which in turn cause acute and chronic morbidity premature and preventable human mortality in many areas globally. Climate change dictates many aspects of the human environment. It has imposed major threats worldwide, such as monstrous tropical storms, extreme heat waves and cold winter storms, droughts, wildfires, floods, and landslides. Much progress has been made in recognizing the importance of climate change research. Climate change is believed to be the most significant global health threat of the 21st century; human mortality in US cities is reportedly highest on extremely hot, humid summer days, but winter mortality rates are significantly higher than summer rates. Still, not enough attention has focused on monitoring, measuring, and communicating climate change in terms of human mortality. There have been no large-scale, systematic efforts to quantify the heat-related human health impacts associated with climate change.
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Md. Ashikur Rahman
Md. Ashikur Rahman
  • asked a question related to Climate Change
What is the geography of ecosystem service?
Question
4 answers
  • 11 Aug 2024
Explanation based on Ecosystem Service Distribution!
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  • 14 Aug 2024
Answer
The geography of ecosystem services deals with the spatial and temporal variations of the four ecosystem services, such as: provisioning services, regulating services, supporting services, and cultural surfaces.
This means that ecosystem services vary from place to place and are temporary due to natural and man-made factors.
Here is a paper on the spatial va