Science topic

Climate Change - Science topic

Climate Change is an any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.
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What are the mitigation strategies to manage the impact of climate change and its effects on crop production in India?
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Mitigation strategies include retrofitting buildings to make them more energy efficient; adopting renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and small hydro; helping cities develop more sustainable transport such as bus rapid transit, electric vehicles, and biofuels; and promoting more sustainable uses of land and a 2.5 to 4.9 degrees Celsius increase in temperature across the country could lead to a decrease of 41%-52% in the wheat yield, and 32%-40% in rice. There are four common risk mitigation strategies. These typically include avoidance, reduction, transference, and acceptance. Climate Change Mitigation refers to efforts to reduce or prevent emission of greenhouse gases. Mitigation can mean using new technologies and renewable energies, making older equipment more energy efficient, or changing management practices or consumer behavior. Erecting buildings and infrastructure that is safer and more sustainable. Replanting forests and restoring damaged ecosystems and diversifying crops so that they are better able to adapt to changing climates. Investigating and developing innovative solutions to prevent and manage natural catastrophes. Irrigation is vital for vegetation in the lack of rainfall, and water supply should be sufficient to ensure stable plant development. Nonetheless, improved irrigation systems and drip or tape irrigation, in particular, help farmers to provide necessary moisture with reduced water spend.
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Energy is at the heart of the climate challenge – and key to the solution. A large chunk of the greenhouse gases that blanket the Earth and trap the sun’s heat are generated through energy production, by burning fossil fuels to generate electricity and heat.
Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and gas, are by far the largest contributor to global climate change, accounting for over 75 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions and nearly 90 percent of all carbon dioxide emissions. The science is clear: to avoid the worst impacts of climate change, emissions need to be reduced by almost half by 2030 and reach net-zero by 2050. To achieve this, we need to end our reliance on fossil fuels and invest in alternative sources of energy that are clean, accessible, affordable, sustainable, and reliable. Renewable energy sources – which are available in abundance all around us, provided by the sun, wind, water, waste, and heat from the Earth – are replenished by nature and emit little to no greenhouse gases or pollutants into the air. Fossil fuels still account for more than 80 percent of global energy production, but cleaner sources of energy are gaining ground. About 29 percent of electricity currently comes from renewable sources.
source: Renewable energy – powering a safer future | United Nations
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Eduard - We are both cybersecurity and sustainability thinkers. I think that the government is one of the major challenges. Governments only do things if there are votes in it- the trigger factors that are top of mind in voting. In Australia we had a Climate Commission which produced 27 papers in four years. They had top CEOs who explained the solutions.
Bruce
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How can we reduce the scale of predatory forestry, improve forest management processes and plans, systematically improve forest management so as to simultaneously preserve natural forest ecosystems and protect forest animals, many of which are already endangered, and increase the atmospheric uptake of CO2 by forest ecosystems, reduce the planet's greenhouse effect and slow down accelerating global warming?
International Day of Forests, which is celebrated annually on 21 March and was established by the UN General Assembly on 28 November 2012, is an opportunity to reflect on the systemic improvement of forest management in order to simultaneously preserve natural forest ecosystems, enhance the protection of biodiversity, the biosphere and the planet's climate. The celebration of the International Day of Forests aims to raise human awareness of the importance of forests for humans, including the crucial importance of forests in the context of protecting the planet's climate and biosphere. Taking into account the protection of the planet's climate, biosphere and biodiversity of natural ecosystems, it is urgently necessary to transform rabid forest management into rational, pro-climate and pro-environmental forest management. Forest management carried out within the framework of rational, pro-climate and pro-environmental forest management should be carried out in such a way that natural multi-species forest ecosystems are restored as much as possible instead of monocultures of homogeneous stands. When monocultures of forests based on a small number of tree species or even with the dominance of a single tree species are carried out, the incidence of various viral, fungal diseases and tree pests increases significantly. In addition, monocultures dominated by coniferous species are much more prone to the appearance and development of forest fires during the summer season. Tree monocultures are also unfavourable for the coexistence and development of many forest animal species that are found in natural, multi-species forest forests and primeval forests. Unfortunately, in terms of pseudo forest management, archaic forest management practices of monocultures based on a few tree species are still in use, which also causes a significant decline in the biodiversity of natural ecosystems. Accordingly, forest management should pursue rational, pro-climate, pro-environmental, biodiversity-sensitive forest management instead of commercial-oriented predatory management. In addition, forest management plans should respect the principles of nature conservation, protection of rare and endangered species of fauna and flora, protection against the felling of old trees, protection of the biodiversity of natural ecosystems, etc., which is also important in the context of the scale of CO2 absorption from the atmosphere, and is therefore an additional factor in limiting the scale of the ever-increasing greenhouse effect and the global warming process.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
How can we reduce the scale of the applied predatory forest management, improve forest management processes and plans, systemically improve the conduct of forest management so as to simultaneously take care of the state of natural forest ecosystems and protect forest animals, many of which are already endangered, and to increase the scale of CO2 uptake from the atmosphere by forest ecosystems, reduce the scale of the planetary greenhouse effect and slow down the increasingly rapid global warming process?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Reducing the scale of predatory forest management, improving forest management processes and plans, and protecting forest ecosystems and animals while increasing CO2 uptake from the atmosphere and reducing the greenhouse effect requires a multi-faceted approach that involves various stakeholders and strategies. Here are some points to be followed:
★ Implement sustainable forest management practices.
★ Protecting forests from further degradation and destruction for safeguarding the biodiversity of forest ecosystems and their ability to capture and store carbon.
★ Using advance technologies like remote sensing, satellite imagery, and other technological data to inform forest management.
★ Engage local communities in forest management.
★ Promote reforestation and afforestation
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What are the reasons why it is so hard to completely degreenhouse the agricultural sector?
What is the yearly minimum level in the next decades in million tons in GHG to expect?
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Agricultural GHG emissions significantly contribute to global warming, accounting for about 10–12% of total anthropogenic GHG emissions1. These emissions mainly come from methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) produced by livestock enteric fermentation, manure management, rice cultivation, synthetic fertilizer use, and biomass burning. Reducing agricultural GHG emissions is essential to limit the global temperature rise to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
improving farming practices could reduce agricultural GHG emissions by about 20% by 2050 compared with business-as-usual scenarios. Some of the measures that could achieve this reduction include using controlled-release or stabilized nitrogen fertilizers, adopting precision agriculture technologies for variable rate application of fertilizers and pesticides, increasing crop yields through improved seeds and irrigation, and reducing food loss and waste along the supply chain
Therefore, it is possible to downsize agricultural GHG emissions in the next decades by applying various technical and behavioural solutions that can enhance the sector's productivity, resilience, and efficiency. However, achieving this goal requires concerted efforts from multiple stakeholders, including farmers, consumers, policymakers, researchers, and private-sector actors
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My PhD research is: Future research of food industry businesses in the context of climate change - what model do you suggest for me to implement?
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Generating a food industry in the midst of global climate change: it necessarily has to start from the strategic plan and adapt within the framework of the circular economy, bioeconomy and GreendFoods project, life cycle management, with support tools in the potential reduction of emissions of CO2; raw materials with minimal carbon footprint and contribute to low carbon supply chains; implement renewable energy; waste recycling; transport with clean fuels; good use of water; use of CO2.
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Why are the results of scientific research, including the UN IPCC reports on the role of humans on the sources of the accelerating global warming process, being ignored under populist, opportunistic, dirty combustion energy sector-backed economic policies, including pseudo-climate policies?
Published in March 2023, the new report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of UN scientists summarises the previous 6 IPCC reports produced and published between 2018 and 2022. These reports have involved a huge amount of scientific work, many thousands of scientific papers have been examined. Thousands of scientific reviews were produced, in which around 100,000 different aspects, comments etc. were included and reviewed. The analysis shows, among other things, that more than 99 per cent of the scientific papers support the thesis that human civilisation has led to a significant and accelerating increase in greenhouse gas emissions since the beginning of the first industrial revolution, which has become a key factor in the increasingly rapid process of global warming. Studies and estimates show that 2.5 trillion tonnes of CO2 have been released into the atmosphere since the mid-19th century, with half of this amount entering the atmosphere in the last three decades. It has been estimated that 3.5 billion people are at risk of serious negative impacts from the ongoing global warming process. According to the results of the study, the processes of green transformation of the economy should be significantly accelerated, including the rate of decarbonisation of economic processes. without this acceleration, the strategic goal of global climate policy established during the Paris Agreement in 2015, which is to limit the scale of the increase in the temperature of the planet's atmosphere to max. 1.5 degrees C since the beginning of the first industrial revolution, i.e. since the 17th century. In order for this goal to be realistically achievable, it is necessary to significantly accelerate the implementation of the green transformation of the economy, so as to halve CO2 emissions by 2030 at the latest and achieve total zero-emission of the economy by 2050. Unfortunately, the populist, opportunistic economic policies supported by the dirty combustion energy sector, including pseudo-climatic policies, continue to ignore the results of scientific research, including the UN IPCC reports on the role of man as regards the sources of the increasingly rapid process of global warming.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
Why are the results of scientific research, including the UN IPCC reports on the role of man regarding the sources of the accelerating process of global warming, being ignored in the framework of populist, opportunistic, dirty combustion energy sector-supported economic policies, including pseudo-climate policies?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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What are the links between the climate crisis and the ecological crisis, i.e. the unfolding crises and human-induced acceleration of civilisation in the ongoing Anthropocene epoch?
The era of accelerated development of civilisation, significantly accelerating the scale of matter processing, production processes, the scale of environmental pollution, consumption of renewable and non-renewable natural resources, greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, etc. is referred to as the Anthropocene epoch, the Great Acceleration and Ecological Catastrophe has been taking place primarily since the mid-20th century. The term Anthropocene has not yet been introduced into the history of the development of planet Earth by geologists, but this is likely to happen soon. In the Anthropocene epoch, humans are increasingly transforming the biosphere into the technosphere. However, the scale of consumption of non-renewable raw materials is steadily increasing. The stocks of biodiverse forest areas that absorb part of the CO2 emitted by humans are continuing to decline rapidly. The supply of clean drinking water is also declining in increasingly large areas inhabited by humans. On the other hand, the scale of waste separation and recycling is still negligible and does not even compensate for a significant part of the consumption of raw materials and hardly reduces the level of waste pollution. The scale of the ongoing green transformation of the economy, including the implementation of a pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the classic growth, brown, linear economy of excess to a sustainable, green, zero-emission growth and closed loop economy is still too small to significantly reduce the level of greenhouse gas emissions, reduce the level of environmental pollution, implement reforestation processes and counteract the accelerating process of global warming is too small. It is essential to integrate a key aspect of the circular economy into the green transformation of the economy, i.e. the concept of zero growth consisting of zeroing out economic growth. This zeroing of economic growth should be implemented in a multi-faceted and multi-year perspective. It is not about zeroing economic growth in the short term (a few months) or in the medium term (a few years), i.e. as a periodic slowdown in economic growth occurring cyclically, within business cycles of several years during economic crises. It is about permanently resetting the rate of economic growth with the recognition of this issue as a key factor in a circular economy. Consequently, the economics of economic growth should be changed into the economics of zero growth, i.e. according to the concept of zero growth already known for several decades but not applied. An important issue of the Anthropocene epoch is also the rapidly progressing and human-induced extinction process of many species of flora and fauna referred to as the great 6th extinction in the history of the development of life on the planet. Consequently, the scale of the loss of biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems is progressing rapidly. Paradoxically, the great extinction of millions of species of flora and fauna was caused by just one species of living organisms - homo sapiens. Paradoxically, homo sapiens, which is responsible for this, is widely acknowledged to be the most intelligent species of life forms found on planet Earth. On the other hand, it is assumed that 99 per cent of the species that have lived on Earth over the last 3.5 billion years are extinct or have evolved into other species. But it is extremely difficult to estimate both the number of species and the duration of their existence for those of many millions of years ago and in the context of the evolutionary process. However, an extremely paradoxical and sad all at once process taking place in the Anthropocene epoch is that the acknowledged most intelligent single species of life form on Earth, which is homo sapiens, due to its robbery, combustion economy and rapid development of civilisation based on unlimited greed and disrespect for the surrounding nature, is causing the degradation of both the climate and the biosphere of the planet. Therefore, what has recently been described as a climate crisis should be studied, described, etc. in connection with the ecological crisis determined by the rapidly progressing process of deforestation, degradation of the biosphere, pollution of the natural environment, extinction of many species of flora and fauna life forms and, as a consequence, a rapidly decreasing level of biodiversity of the natural ecosystems of the planet Earth. Thus, the main negative effects of the development of a predatory, combustion-based civilisation and the key attributes of the Anthropocene epoch include not only a climate crisis but also an ecological crisis. The human-induced crises can thus be collectively referred to as the climate-ecological crisis. These crises should be considered, studied, analysed, described, etc. together because there are many relationships between them, synergistic processes, analogous and mutually influencing. By analogy, the process of a future climate catastrophe, which may already occur at the end of this 21st century if man does not manage to bring about a complete green transformation of the economy by 2030, should also be studied, analysed, projected, described, etc., in conjunction with the loss of biodiversity, the degradation of the biosphere, the extinction of species, etc., and thus the ecological catastrophe of the planet. By combining these issues, it is therefore possible and necessary to study, analyse, forecast and describe the future climatic-ecological catastrophe of the planet. If this catastrophe occurs in an extremely negative scenario then the Anthropocene epoch will be over.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
What are the links between the climate crisis and the ecological crisis, i.e. the developing crises and those caused by the acceleration of civilisation in the ongoing Anthropocene epoch?
What do you think about this?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Warm regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Note extensive concerns about phrases such as 'climate crisis' and 'anthropocene' https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003219453-15/vulnerable-anthropocenes-kasia-mika-ilan-kelman Plenty of problems emerge when using these phrases and plenty of alternatives have been proposed.
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What are the adaptation strategies for climate change in agriculture India and can agricultural systems be adapted to reduce the impact of climate change?
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Agriculture could be more resilient to climate change impacts through new technology or by diversifying crops on farms. The common agricultural adaptation strategies used by farmers were the use of drought resistant varieties of crops, crop diversification, changes in cropping pattern and calendar of planting, conserving soil moisture through appropriate tillage methods, improving irrigation efficiency, and afforestation. Agroforestry systems are an important tool for climate change adaptation in agriculture. Emissions from food production could be reduced by encouraging healthier diets, reducing food waste, and changing farming and land management practices. The effects of climate change on agriculture can result in lower crop yields and nutritional quality due to drought, heat waves and flooding as well as increases in pests and plant diseases. The adaptation strategies such as heat- and water stress-tolerant crop varieties, stress-tolerant new crops, improved agronomic management practices, improved water use efficiency, conservation agriculture practices and improved pest management, improved weather forecasts, and other climate services are in place to place. Climate change further poses a challenge to food security challenges with its influence on food production, costs, and security. Excessive heat or shortage of water can impede crop growth; reduce yields, and influence irrigation, soil quality, and the ecosystem on which agriculture depends. As trees grow, they help absorb and sink the carbon that would otherwise contribute to global heating. Trees use sunlight energy to do photosynthesis – a process that uses carbon dioxide and water to create energy for their cells. A part of the potential yield losses can be offset by farming practices, such as rotating crops to match water availability, adjusting sowing dates to temperature and rainfall patterns, and using crop varieties better suited to new condition.
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I am seeking professional input on addressing climate change. In my work, I have seen decades of debate or hesitation of buy in by financial markets to actually address the main problem at play: the anthropogenic over-production of carbon dioxide and destruction of planetary carbon sinks. When we address this anthropogenic problem we say human-caused climate change or global warming or climate crisis. So far, despite saying we need to change, little action, especially in finance, takes place, especially on the scale needed. Often, the problem itself is too confusing and too large of a problem to really tackle a solution that is obvious and measurable.
My scope of work is looking at changing the common vernacular use of climate change to address the exact problem at hand: the anthropogenic over-production of dissolved CO2 gas into the atmosphere and destruction of planetary carbon sinks. The goal is to call that Global Carbon Crisis vs. what we have been calling it with confusion, climate change. After all, climate change has been an ongoing, natural process since the advent of polar ice caps.
The additional piece I am looking to address is the effective measurability which is already an infrastructure in place, called the Global Carbon Index. Essentially measuring a specific location CO2 production by contrast to overall global production at time of measurement.
What I am hoping to accomplish is a discussion if climate change to address this real problem should be used any more and why or why not. Also, to discover if fellow researchers feel this work is warranted to develop a systematic means to solve this difficult problem to assist buy in with financial incentives by using a defined unit of measure, the Global Carbon Index, to incentivize or discourage current production.
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It would be fair and important, but I do not really visualize how such a distinction could be made. The causes are separate (natural vs. anthropogenic), but the effects are not; and we can only measure this additive effect.
For instance: Permafrost melting frees up methane that is an over 20 times worse greenhouse-gas, than CO2. Based on satellite telemetry, reasonable estimates exist on how much methane is emitted to the atmosphere from the melting permafrosts. But nobody is able to tell whether the melting itself is due to natural, or anthropogenic causes.
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Hello everyone,
I am currently working as a sustainability data scientist, and I'm intending to conduct independent research at the intersection of climate change and machine learning. I am highly proficient in data analysis, visualization, time series forecasting, supervised machine learning and natural language processing. Furthermore, I have substantial knowledge in the domains of climate change, biodiversity and sustainability in general. Here are a few examples of my past work:
In case you are interested in collaborating, I encourage you to leave a comment or message me. Thanks you for taking the time to read this post!
Regards,
Giannis Tolios
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Hello Giannis,
I share a similar interest in regards to artificial intelligence and machine learning, and am passionate about climate justice. I would love to assist.
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Climate change has greatly impacted on Agricultural Production and Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. What can be done? (Mitigation and Adaption Practices)
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I have no knowledge about cultivation in deserted areas. Yet, I can say that plantation drought resistant var. should be cultivated where little water is required for cultivation.
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Can I find someone who has information about the " 2nd Global Summit on Earth Science and Climate Change "(Adv. ESCC 2023)" conference ? Is it a real international conference? Has anyone ever participated in the first edition?
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I also received an invitation as a speaker in same conference. these people are continuously asking for payment and registration. please help in this regard.
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Scarcity is on the horizon. Where are the major conflicts between food and alcoholic beverages in conjunction with receding agricultural crop production?
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Thank you for sharing your view Utkarsh.
Thought about water, biodiversity, and less fertile land availability on the competition side.
Probably there is a symbiotic positive factor as well.
Something hidden like economies of scope in food system applications.
Not an expert which is why I am inquiring.
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Some volcanoes can send particles and water to the Mesosphere, as Tonga in 2022. The consequences are much more complicated than imagined
this paper is talking about it
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thanks
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Which beverages have the lowest carbon footprint per alcoholic intensity?
Including carbon leakage and downstream Scope 3.
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How does agricultural impact the environment and modern agricultural practices helpful in reducing crop loss due to climate change?
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Modern agricultural practices have reduces the dependency of farmers on the arrival of suitable climate or loss of crop due to sudden climate change. As in these methods like playhouse farming, etc., temperature and humidity can be maintained or regulated. Agricultural production is under threat due to climate change in food insecure regions, especially in Asian countries. Various climate-driven extremes, i.e., drought, heat waves, erratic and intense rainfall patterns, storms, floods, and emerging insect pests have adversely affected the livelihood of the farmers. Models like agroforestry and sustainable forestry plantations show a possible path for farmers around the world move to low-carbon agriculture and a more resilient agriculture, producing the necessary food to feed the world while restoring the land. Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change. Higher temperatures eventually reduce yields of desirable crops while encouraging weed and pest proliferation. Changes in precipitation patterns increase the likelihood of short-run crop failures and long-run production declines. Agriculture contributes to a number larger of environmental issues that cause environmental degradation including: climate change, deforestation, biodiversity loss, dead zones, genetic engineering, irrigation problems, pollutants, soil degradation, and waste. Soil degradation, water pollution, and greenhouse gases are the main bad effects of modern agriculture on the environment. Modern agriculture increases global political stability by making more food available, improving its quality and making it accessible to more people. Technology in agriculture can be used in different aspects of agriculture such as the application of herbicide, pesticide, fertilizer, and improved seed. Over the years, technology has proved to be extremely useful in the agricultural sector. Agricultural livestock are responsible for a large proportion of global greenhouse gas emissions, most notably methane. In addition, overgrazing is a major problem regarding environmental sustainability. In some places, stretches of forage land are consumed so extensively that grasses are unable to regenerate. The effects of climate change affect farmers' ability to grow the food we all need. Increasingly volatile weather and more extreme events like floods and droughts change growing seasons, limit the availability of water, allow weeds, pests and fungi to thrive, and can reduce crop productivity.
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Happy for controversial input on the topic of trade under climate change constraints as carbon markets are heterogenous and local.
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Nice speculative lyrics Mehmet. Agree pretty much that the old economists were actually deeply ingrained natural philosophers.
Something that has gone lost in the specialization process.
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What is the effect of climate change on agriculture and solutions and can agricultural systems be adapted to reduce the impact of climate change?
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Increased temperatures altered rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events all have a substantial impact on agriculture. These changes result in lower agricultural yields, degraded soil, erosion, and biodiversity loss.
Adopting sustainable agricultural methods like conservation tillage, cover crops, integrated pest control, and rotational grazing are some of the possible responses to climate change in agriculture.
In addition, investing in irrigation infrastructure and technology, improving soil health, and implementing agroforestry practices can all help lessen the impact of climate change on agriculture. Climate-resilient varieties and breeds are also being developed and used.
Reducing the effects of climate change on agriculture requires adaptation. To lessen the effects of altering weather patterns and other environmental factors, agricultural systems must be modified.
Farmers may lessen crop loss, cut greenhouse gas emissions, and lessen overall vulnerability to changing weather conditions by putting climate resilience techniques into practice. Rk Naresh
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How does innovation solve climate change and strategies of climate action and role of technology innovation in combating climate change?
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Innovations on climate change mitigation include energy efficiency as well as low-carbon and non-carbon technologies, carbon reduction technologies, carbon capture, and storage technologies. To take advantage of these existing sources of clean energy, we need to scale up their deployment and continue to increase their efficiency.Climate actions have often fallen into one of two strategies: mitigation efforts to lower or remove greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere, and adaptation efforts to adjust systems and societies to withstand the impacts of climate change. The technology mechanism supports country efforts to accelerate and enhance action on climate change. It helps countries to develop and transfer climate technologies so that they can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the adverse effects of climate change. Innovation can complement other forms of adaptation to climate change to form CSA practices. In particular innovation can enhance technology adoption, may prevent or facilitate migration of production/population, enhance trade & aid, and increase efficiency of insurance & feasibility of inventories.
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As entropies diffuse swiftly around the realm of expanding science and shifting circumstances in the plasma of time, new major risk factors appear. Others lost importance.
What may have been described as exogenous in the past, may have altered its properties significantly. Of the risks which can be measured or assessed qualitatively some may now be better identified and (re)classified.
Happy for novel independent and waning risk factors in the different branches of sciences. In nature speculative based on observations, so an informal Menti would be beneficial.
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@Andrew that is exactly the right starting point. Would be nice to identify Ex-Ante risks before the event(s) and the aftermath "What went wrong, lessons to be learned".
Very important and terribly difficult to risk frame issues in a convex and interconnected multiverse.
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What methods does the agricultural sector use to adapt to climate change and ways to reduce emissions from agriculture?
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The common agricultural adaptation strategies used by farmers were the use of drought resistant varieties of crops, crop diversification, changes in cropping pattern and calendar of planting, conserving soil moisture through appropriate tillage methods, improving irrigation efficiency, and afforestation. These activities may include shifting to conservation tillage, reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to crops, changing livestock and manure management practices, and planting trees or grass. For agriculture to be sustainable, using clean, efficient and renewable energiesis crucial. Crop waste is used as fertilizers to enrich the soil for agriculture.
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How are climate change biodiversity and food security interlinked and do emerging technologies provide an opportunity for crop diversification?
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Crop diversification include income increases of small farm holdings; less risk for price fluctuation, climatic variability etc.; balancing food demand; increasing the production of quality fodder for livestock animals; beneficial for conserving natural resources. Multiple crops can be harvested from a small field, the production increases ten-fold, which ensures a substantial amount of income. The agriculture sector is already crowded in India; therefore, it makes provision for additional employment in rural areas. The factors like Rainfall, Fertilizers, Land type, Availability of market, Farmers Knowledge, cold store house, HYV seeds; and Irrigated area are few observed factor responsible for crop diversification. Challenges before crop diversification are inadequate supply of better cultivar seeds and plants. Land fragmentation makes modernization and mechanization of agriculture more difficult. Crop diversification is intended to give a wider choice in the production of a variety of crops in a given area so as to expand production related activities on various crops and also to lessen risk. Biodiversity for food and agriculture is vital for food security. The erosion of biodiversity will undermine the capacity of agricultural systems to adapt to changing conditions and shocks, such as climate change, and outbreaks of pests and diseases that may jeopardise food security and livelihoods. In a two-way process, climate change is one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss, but destruction of ecosystems undermines nature's ability to regulate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and protect against extreme weather, thus accelerating climate change and increasing vulnerability to it. Food needs to be grown and processed, transported, distributed, prepared, consumed, and sometimes disposed of. Each of these steps creates greenhouse gases that trap the sun's heat and contribute to climate change. About a third of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions are linked to food. Climate change can reduce fresh water resources and food production Climate change induced natural calamities can cause acute food insecurity Increase in drought may lead to agricultural labour migration, joblessness and persistent food insecurity. Climate change further poses a challenge to food security challenges with its influence on food production, costs, and security. Excessive heat or shortage of water can impede crop growth, reduce yields, and influence irrigation, soil quality, and the ecosystem on which agriculture depends.
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my research subject is climate change and asthmatic disease
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Hello, during my master's degree I came across the same challenge. I would like to leave as a recommendation my master's thesis where I did a literature review on climate change.
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How can we accurately use pollen data to assess the impacts of climate change on ecosystems and biodiversity?
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Airborne pollen would primarily be related to anemophilous taxa, therefore only a small part of all biodiversity can be inferred from atmospheric samples. Furthermore, the lack of a specific type of pollen does not mean that the plant that would contribute that pollen is not present. Therefore there is limited direct connection between biodiversity and pollen data. However, climate change does have an impact on both pollen production and flowering phenology, and will thus affect the pollen data in various ways depending on taxonomy.
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Research seems to be still ambiguous about the comfort zone of phytoplanktons. Which pH Value and temperature can phytoplanktons not adapt to?
What is the comfort zone for for zoonotic plankton?
How likely is an adaption to new tipping point zones that may function for both planktons?
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The comfort zone of phytoplankton can vary depending on the species and environmental conditions. However, research suggests that most phytoplankton species have a limited range of tolerance to changes in pH and temperature. For instance, studies have shown that some phytoplankton species have difficulty adapting to pH levels below 7.8 or above 8.5, while others may not tolerate temperature changes beyond 1-2°C from their optimal range.
As for zoonotic plankton, it's not clear what their exact comfort zone is, as there are many different types of zoonotic plankton, each with its own specific requirements. Zoonotic plankton are those that can transmit diseases to humans or animals. Examples include certain species of algae and dinoflagellates that can produce harmful toxins.
In terms of adaptation to new tipping point zones, it's difficult to predict how likely it is that both phytoplankton and zoonotic plankton would be able to adapt. Some species may be more adaptable than others, while some may be more susceptible to changes in their environment. Additionally, the rate of environmental change can also affect how quickly species are able to adapt or migrate to new areas.
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What is the effect of climate change in agriculture farming and does climate affect agriculture and food supply in India?
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I agree with Dr Donald Batten that an increased temperatures could affect livestock health, resulting in reduced milk, egg and meat production and even fatalities; increased cooling costs for producers. Higher CO2 levels may result in greater productivity from crops. Extreme high temperature and drought accelerate the evaporation of soil water, the decomposition of organic matter and the loss of nutrients, thus reducing land productivity; high-temperature weather increases the risk of farmers suffering from heat-related traumatic injury and chronic diseases. Climate change may push 90 million Indians towards hunger by 2030. It has listed a decline in agricultural production and disruption in the food supply chain, reason for future crisis. Climate change can disrupt food availability, reduce access to food, and affect food quality. For example, projected increases in temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, changes in extreme weather events, and reductions in water availability may all result in reduced agricultural productivity. Heat waves can cause heat stress in both animals and plants and have a negative impact on food production. Extreme periods of high temperature are particularly harmful for crop production if they occur when the plants are flowering – if this single, critical stage is disrupted, there may be no seeds at all. Changes in ozone, greenhouse gases and climate change affect agricultural producers greatly because agriculture and fisheries depend on specific climate conditions. Temperature changes can cause habitat ranges and crop planting dates to shift and droughts and floods due to climate change may hinder farming practices. Climate change further poses a challenge to food security challenges with its influence on food production, costs, and security. Excessive heat or shortage of water can impede crop growth; reduce yields, and influence irrigation, soil quality, and the ecosystem on which agriculture depends. Climate change can affect agriculture in a variety of ways. Beyond a certain range of temperatures, warming tends to reduce yields because crops speed through their development, producing less grain in the process. And higher tem- peratures also interfere with the ability of plants to get and use moisture. Climate change further poses a challenge to food security challenges with its influence on food production, costs, and security. Excessive heat or shortage of water can impede crop growth, reduce yields, and influence irrigation, soil quality, and the ecosystem on which agriculture depends
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What are the technologies for binding CO2 to rock in order to decarbonise the burning of fossil fuels, reduce the greenhouse effect on the planet's atmosphere, slow down the progressive process of global warming and reduce the scale of a future global climate catastrophe?
CO2 is a key greenhouse gas that is produced in various types of combustion processes of carbon-based organic compounds. In order to reduce the scale of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere and counteract the progressive process of global warming, it is necessary, among other things, to replace dirty energy based on the combustion of fossil fuels with clean, renewable and emission-free energy. In the process of greening the economy and decarbonising economic processes, it is important to reduce emissions to the atmosphere as quickly as possible, particularly of the highly greenhouse gas methane. Methane is produced in various processes, mainly by civilisation and, to a lesser extent, by natural processes in nature. An important pro-climatic solution would be not to emit CO2 into the atmosphere, but to bind it to a particular rock form or to inject it deep into the earth's crust in rock layers that will absorb and bind it chemically.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
What are the technologies to bind CO2 into rock formations in order to eliminate the emissivity of fossil fuel combustion processes, reduce the scale of the greenhouse effect of the planet's atmosphere, slow down the progressive process of global warming and reduce the scale of future global climate catastrophe?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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There are various technologies for binding CO2 to rock, which are part of the CCS process. Here are some examples:
Mineral carbonation: This involves reacting CO2 with naturally occurring minerals, such as magnesium or calcium silicates, to form stable carbonate minerals. This can occur naturally over geological timescales, but researchers are investigating ways to accelerate the process through technology.
Enhanced weathering: This is similar to mineral carbonation, but involves grinding up rocks and spreading them over land to accelerate the reaction between CO2 and minerals. This can also have other environmental benefits, such as improving soil quality.
Injection into deep saline aquifers: This involves injecting CO2 into deep underground saline aquifers, which are layers of rock that contain salty water. The CO2 dissolves in the water and can remain trapped underground for long periods of time.
Injection into depleted oil and gas reservoirs: This involves injecting CO2 into depleted oil and gas reservoirs, which can enhance the recovery of remaining fossil fuels and also store the CO2 underground.
Injection into unminable coal seams: Similar to injection into depleted oil and gas reservoirs, this involves injecting CO2 into unminable coal seams to enhance the recovery of coal bed methane and store CO2 underground.
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The non chemical methods of insect-pest Management is important to ago-ecosystem in strengthening resilience to climate change and agriculture sustainability because synthetic chemical insecticides pollute whole environment and also hazardous to all living thiongs.
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Biological control is the use of living organisms to suppress pest populations, making them less damaging than they would otherwise be. Natural enemies of insects play an important role in limiting the densities of potential pests. These natural enemies include predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. Pest control devices use mechanical or physical methods to trap, destroy, repel, or mitigate a pest as glue boards, noisemakers, shiny foils that frighten birds, and bug zappers are pest control devices. Insect species typically respond to warmer temperatures with faster developmental rates and greater reproductive potential, which can increase both the number of generations within a season and the rate of population growth. There are several non-chemical methods available to eradicate or reduce the amounts of pathogens in the soil. The use of solar, dry or steam heat is the most effective non-chemical means to disinfect soil. The time to treat soil is before seeding or transplanting. Use disease-free and weed-free seed to prevent diseases and weeds from being introduced. Control alternate host plants of insects and diseases. Minimize moisture conditions optimum for disease development by carefully managing irrigation water applications. Sweep up individual bugs and nests and cut off their air supply by placing them in sealed vacuum bags. Use mousetraps, jar traps, pheromone traps, and other nontoxic bait. Dust cracks and crevices with boric acid powder, which will slowly poison crawling insects but is less toxic to humans than pesticides are.Natural pest control refers to pest control methods that rely on natural (chemical-free) remedies. From essential oils to fly traps to food grade Diatomaceous Earth, several natural elements can help control the pest population. The use of biological control suppresses the pest populations, making them less damaging than they would be. They play an important role in limiting the densities of potential pest and include natural enemies such as predators, parasitoids, and pathogens.
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Indiscriminate use of synthetic chemical insecticides and climate change create severe problems to beneficial insects and residual problem in food material. To maintain the sustainability in aggro-ecosystem and agriculture sustainability IPM is must.
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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a system of protecting crops that meets the requirements of sustainable development by allowing farmers to manage pests in a way that is cost-effective, environmentally sound and suitable to adopt under local conditions. Climate change has already impacted insect pest species in many ways, including driving shifts in distribution pole ward and towards higher elevations causing shifts in spring phenology and increasing the number of annual generations by accelerating their development and lengthening. IPM contributes to food and water safety, as reducing the amount of pesticides used in turn reduces residues in food, feed and fiber, and environment. Enhances ecosystem services and seeks to maintain the national crop ecosystem balance. With IPM, only need to reduce pest numbers below a damaging level. It is not necessary to eliminate all pests. IPM helps decrease the need for chemical pesticides. This reduces costs and environmental risks. One way that insects cope with climate change is by shifting their range, or permanently relocating to places with lower temperatures the ranges of nearly half of all insect species will diminish by 50% or more if the planet heats up 3.2°C. Temperature rise directly affects pest's reproduction, survival, spread and population dynamics as well as the relationships between pests, the environment, and natural enemies. However, when temperatures and precipitation levels get too high, this can slow the growth and reproduction of some pest species and destroy them by washing their eggs and larvae off the host plant. Increased temperatures will also increase the pest population, and water stressed plants at times may result in increased insect populations and pest outbreaks. This will affect the crop yield and availability of food grains and threaten food security. A typical effect of elevated temperature is therefore to increase consumption rates and therefore decrease the time to pupation, making them less apparent to natural enemies and in some cases increasing the potential number of generations per season. IPM emphasizes the growth of a healthy crop with the least possible disruption to agro ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms. IPM is a flexible approach which makes the best use of all available technologies to manage pest problems effectively and safely. IPM reduces hazards by reducing overall pesticide use, using least hazardous pesticides when there is a demonstrated need, and taking special protective measures to reduce pesticide exposure living organisms and the environment. IPM is intended to reduce ecological and health damage from chemical pesticides by using natural parasites and predators to control pest populations. Since chemical pesticides are expensive for poor farmers, IPM offers the prospect of lower production costs and higher profitability.
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How climate change affecting farming and food system and what is are climate risks in agriculture?
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Climate change affects food production, availability of and access to food, food quality, food safety, diet quality, and thus people's nutrition and health. Climate change may further slow progress towards a world with food security for all. Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways; including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall and climate extremes with an important impact on soil erosion, changes in pests and diseases, changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, changes in the nutritional quality of some crops. The effects of climate change on agriculture will, in turn, have significant implications for food security, and thus human diets and nutrition. As climate change affects the ability to move food from production to markets, access to diverse, high-quality diets may become more limited. Climate change further poses a challenge to food security challenges with its influence on food production, costs, and security. Excessive heat or shortage of water can impede crop growth; reduce yields, and influence irrigation, soil quality, and the ecosystem on which agriculture depends. Climate risk in agriculture represents the probability of a defined hydro-meteorological hazard affecting the livelihood of farmers, livestock herders, fishers and forest dwellers.
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What is black carbon emissions and what is plastic made of and how is it harmful and causes of plastic pollution and does plastic affect climate change?
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I believe that almost all plastic is derived from materials made from fossil fuels. The process of extracting and transporting those fuels, then manufacturing plastic creates billions of tonnes of greenhouse gases. Plastic's Contribution to Climate Change. Plastics are threatening the ability of the global community to keep global temperature rise below 1.5°C, as greenhouse gases are emitted throughout the plastic life cycle. Indeed, extraction, refining and manufacture of plastics are all carbon intensive activities. Less than 10% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic is made from oil and natural gas, so the production of plastic contributes to climate change. The manufacture of plastic also releases toxic chemicals into the air and water. Plastic waste can choke, strangle, and disable marine life. Plastic pollution is a widespread problem affecting the marine environment. It threatens ocean health, the health of marine species, food safety and quality and contributes to climate change. The major impact of plastic bags on the environment is that it takes many years to for them to decompose. In addition, toxic substances are released into the soil when plastic bags perish under sunlight and, if plastic bags are burned, they release a toxic substance into the air causing ambient air pollution. Black carbon is the sooty black material emitted from gas and diesel engines, coal-fired power plants, and other sources that burn fossil fuel. It comprises a significant portion of particulate matter or PM, which is an air pollutant. Black carbon, or soot, is part of fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) and contributes to climate change. Black carbon is formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, wood and other fuels.
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How does climate change affect food and water quality and does climate change affect water in agriculture?
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Climate change is expected to increase the frequency of heavy precipitation in the United States, which can harm crops by eroding soil and depleting soil nutrients. Heavy rains can also increase agricultural runoff into oceans, lakes, and streams. This runoff can harm water quality.Increased flooding, including that caused by sea-level rise, may lead to substantial losses in crop production in low-lying agricultural areas and may contribute to compaction, water logging and erosion of soil. Climate change can affect water resources through several dimensions: changes in the amount and patterns of precipitation; impact on water quality through changes in runoff, river flows, retention and thus loading of nutrients; and through extreme events such as floods and droughts. Climate change affects farming in a number of ways, including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes changes in pests and diseases, changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations, changes in the nutritional quality of some foods. Climate change is disrupting weather patterns, leading to extreme weather events, unpredictable water availability, exacerbating water scarcity and contaminating water supplies.
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What are the effect of pollution, salinity and climate change on the earth and its solution?
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Climate change and rising temperatures may increase evapotranspiration, including the evaporation of water from soils. As a result, water evaporates and the salt remains in the soil, increasing the soil salinity. Managing salinity involves striking a balance between the volume of water entering and leaving the groundwater system. The water table can be lowered by: planting, regenerating and maintaining native vegetation and good ground cover in recharge, transmission and discharge zones, where possible. High levels of salinity in water and soil may cause: corrosion of machinery and infrastructure such as fences, roads and bridges and poor health or death of native vegetation, leading to a decline in biodiversity through dominance of salt resistant species, potentially altering ecosystem structures. Natural climate solutions are conservation, restoration and improved land management actions that increase carbon storage or avoid greenhouse gas emissions in landscapes and wetlands across the globe. By trapping the earth's heat in the atmosphere, greenhouse gases lead to warmer temperatures, which in turn lead to the hallmarks of climate change: rising sea levels, more extreme weather, heat-related deaths, and the increased transmission of infectious diseases. The most basic solution for air pollution is to move away from fossil fuels, replacing them with alternative energies like solar, wind and geothermal. Producing clean energy is crucial. But equally important is to reduce our consumption of energy by adopting responsible habits and using more efficient devices. Core to all climate change solutions is reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which must get to zero as soon as possible. Because both forests and oceans play vitally important roles in regulating our climate, increasing the natural ability of forests and oceans to absorb carbon dioxide can also help stop global warming.
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How can global climate change affect food security of India and impact of climate change on the future of biodiversity?
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Climatic changes could also have positive effects on biodiversity. For instance, more clement temperatures and increased CO2 are likely to be beneficial to many plants, resulting in an acceleration of biomass production. Milder winters might increase survival of many currently threatened species in temperate regions. The chief benefits of global warming include: fewer winter deaths; lower energy costs; better agricultural yields; probably fewer droughts; maybe richer biodiversity. Symptoms of climate change are all around us: extreme weather, diminishing sea ice, year after year of record-breaking warmth, drought, fires, and stress to ecosystems. The ocean level is rising, glaciers are melting, CO2 in the air is increasing, forest and wildlife are declining, and water life is also getting disturbed due to climatic changes. Apart from that, it is calculated that if this change keeps on going then many species of plants and animals will get extinct. Consequences of climate change on the species component of biodiversity include: changes in distribution, increased extinction rates, changes in reproduction timings, and changes in length of growing seasons for plants. Climate change affects food production, and thus food availability. Climate change will impact the livelihoods and income of small-scale food producers and also, through food price increases and volatility, the livelihoods of poor net food buyers, restricting access to food.Climate change further poses a challenge to food security challenges with its influence on food production, costs, and security. Excessive heat or shortage of water can impede crop growth; reduce yields, and influence irrigation, soil quality, and the ecosystem on which agriculture depends. Extreme weather is a driver of world hunger. As global temperatures and sea levels rise, the result is more heat waves, droughts, floods, cyclones and wildfires. Those conditions make it difficult for farmers to grow food and for the hungry to get it.
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Would be interesting to learn more about the ecological impact. Are there any calculations for Scope 3?
Cherish your feedback.
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Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) are powerful technologies that have the potential to revolutionize many aspects of society, including sustainability. However, like all technologies, they also come with potential environmental impacts that need to be carefully considered.Here are some factors to consider when thinking about the ecological sustainability of generative AI and AGI:Energy consumption: AI and AGI systems require significant amounts of energy to run. This energy consumption can lead to increased carbon emissions, which contribute to climate change. To address this issue, researchers are exploring ways to make AI and AGI systems more energy-efficient.Data storage: Generative AI and AGI systems require large amounts of data to function. Storing this data can require significant amounts of energy and contribute to the environmental impact of these technologies. To address this issue, researchers are exploring ways to make data storage more efficient and sustainable.Resource consumption: Some AI and AGI systems may require specialized hardware, such as graphics processing units (GPUs), which can be resource-intensive to produce. To address this issue, researchers are exploring ways to design more sustainable hardware and to reuse existing hardware more efficiently.Environmental applications: AI and AGI systems can be used to address environmental challenges, such as climate change and biodiversity loss. By developing more sustainable technologies, researchers can enhance their ability to address these challenges.Overall, the ecological sustainability of generative AI and AGI is an important consideration that needs to be addressed as these technologies continue to develop. Researchers and developers are working to mitigate the environmental impacts of these technologies and to maximize their potential to promote ecological sustainability.
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Global warming refers to the rise in global temperatures due mainly to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. “Climate change” refers to the increasing changes in the measures of climate over a long period of time – including precipitation, temperature, and wind patterns?
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Prof. Robert, I agree with you.
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Dear All,
I want to know any available article of statistical method to estimate - Human activities (Anthropogenic), which can accelerate snow melting. Please help to find any suitable method to any published article on this topic.
There are several human activities (GHGs emission, CO2 release, urbanization etc.), which resulted massive snow melting now a days. But to quantify the percentage (%) of share coming from Human activities, which causing SCA change.
Thanks in advance.
Abhishek Banerjee
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You can give SAR coherence for snow cover mapping a try.
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What is the importance of sustainable development and relationship between environmental sustainability and climate change?
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Sustainable development is essential for achieving global economic growth and social equity, while preserving our planet and its resources. The relationship between environmental sustainability and climate change is strong, as climate change has a direct impact on the environment. Sustainable development seeks to ensure natural resources are used responsibly and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which can help slow the rate of climate change.
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Weather and climate conditions significantly impact the incidence and geographical distribution of several diseases. Extreme weather events such as heatwaves, floods, and droughts alter disease transmission ecologies and population vulnerability, thereby influencing risk for climate-sensitive disease. For example, increased temperature and rainfall induced by climate change and extreme weather events (such as storms or cyclones) are projected to increase the risk of malaria due to a greater geographical range for the Anopheles mosquito vector, a longer season, and enhanced vector breeding and disease transmission rates. Risk monitoring and mitigation strategies are therefore importance to preserve the health of populations.
Developing integrated surveillance can greatly enhance the capacity of health systems to prepare and adapt to climate-sensitive diseases. Integrated surveillance involves the integration of multiple surveillance systems (e.g. disease surveillance and weather surveillance) to improve the use of information for detecting, investigating and responding to public health threats. This integration of data, therefore, improves the flow of surveillance information throughout the health system.
Importantly, climate-informed surveillance can enhance the preparedness of health systems via early warning systems. Early warning systems aim to anticipate risks and trigger early warning responses to avoid or reduce impact and prepare for effective response. In the context of a rapidly changing environment and risk landscape, early warning systems are a valuable tool for building the adaptive capacity and climate-resilience of health systems.
The field of environmental communication teaches that how we communicate about our environment shapes not only what we think about it, but most importantly, what we do about it. Or as Greta Thunberg is the latest to remind us, what we don’t do about it.
How we frame our communication matters. Framing is positioning messages in ways that draw on audiences’ mental models to favour specific perspectives on an issue.
source: Climate Change and Health (who.int)
Climate change or climate crisis? It’s all in the framing | Canada's National Observer: News & Analysis
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Videos may not be the first two of choice. Do you surveillance may serve to follow farm and wild animal behaviour, evacuation routes, beaches (tsunami), forests (fires) et cetera
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What are the major idiosyncratic pitfalls in the design of Carbon Markets?
Specific agency problems, such as the problem of how the government invests the proceeds of the economic windfall and sets the taxes?
What are the arbitrage mechanisms between the segments?
Which new class of risk has been introduced?
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Thank you for your contribution Amra. You state under number 5, that the arbitrage mechanism is destabilizing and inefficient. Could you elaborate on that?
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How can the drying up of natural lakes be stopped in order to reduce the negative effects of this process?
How can the drying up of natural lakes caused by the progressive process of global warming and excessive water consumption through unsustainable agricultural development be stopped?
In different regions of the world, on different continents, more and more negative effects of the progressive process of global warming, of the ongoing climate crisis, etc. are appearing. These include, above all, the natural effects of the loss of biodiversity of natural ecosystems, the effects on water resources of increasingly severe and prolonged droughts, water shortages in certain areas, decreasing rainfall, the drying up of lakes and rivers, the barrenness of soils, the decline in agricultural productivity, etc. In recent years, there has also been an increase in the scale of the emergence of the global crisis. In recent years there has also been an increase in the occurrence of hot weather, increasingly high summer temperatures, the occurrence of forest fires, etc., the drying out of forest litter in forests, a decrease in the humidity of the microclimate in areas of forests, agricultural fields and urban agglomerations. In this way, the living conditions for people in increasingly large areas of land are steadily deteriorating year by year. More and more lakes are drying up. A significant proportion of the large lakes, too, have already reduced their surface area and the water reserves they have accumulated over thousands of years. For example, the surface area of the saline Great Lake in the state of Utah in the USA has decreased significantly over the last few years. This is a result of excessive water consumption (mainly by agriculture) and the ongoing process of global warming. There are many harmful, toxic heavy metal and other compounds on the bottom of this lake. It is a drainless lake, i.e. all waste and toxins settle in the lake. Already half of the lake bottom is above the water surface. The drying up of the lakes results in negative changes in the microclimate around the lake, the barrenness of the soils, the desertification of the surrounding natural environment, the possibility of sandstorms, a decrease in the moisture content of the soils around the lake, a decrease in the productivity of the soils in terms of their use for agricultural purposes. In addition to this, the negative effects of lake desiccation include the negative natural effects of a decrease in the level of biodiversity, both in terms of the lake biosphere and the natural ecosystems functioning in the vicinity of the desiccating lake. In view of the above, it is increasingly important to improve and increase the scale of protection of lakes from drying out and to create solutions to counteract or slow down this unfavourable process. These solutions include prohibiting the extraction of water from a drying-up lake for industrial, agricultural, municipal, etc. purposes. If the drying-up lake is located in a predominantly agricultural area, an important solution may be the creation of new deep wells, rainwater harvesting systems, a change in the agricultural model from unsustainable to sustainable ecological agriculture and, in areas close to the seas and oceans, the development of seawater desalination systems.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
How can we stop the drying up of natural lakes caused by the progressive process of global warming and the excessive use of water by unsustainable agricultural development?
What is your opinion on this?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Using drip irrigation in agriculture.
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As many research stated that the climate change affect the yield of crops in India. There may be the statistics of 1 percent increase in temperature there may be a 10 to 15 percent decrease in yield... But the India's food grain production keep on increasing year by year. how?
Is it true that climate change has not yet affected Indian agriculture production? If not what may be the hypothesis.
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Have a look at this useful RG link.
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What are strategies and solutions that will help us to mitigate climate change and its effects and why is mitigation important in climate change?
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In fact the single-most important thing that we can do to combat climate change is to drastically reduce our consumption of fossil fuels. In general environmental terms reducing greenhouse gases can lead to an immediate improvement in the quality of the local environment. Air quality in the region could improve, bringing with it health benefits such as reducing the incidence of asthma and other upper re- spiratory diseases. Mitigation strategies include retrofitting buildings to make them more energy efficient; adopting renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and small hydro; helping cities develop more sustainable transport such as bus rapid transit, electric vehicles, and biofuels; and promoting more sustainable uses of land. In general environmental terms, reducing greenhouse gases can lead to an immediate improvement in the quality of the local environment. Air quality in the region could improve, bringing with it health benefits such as reducing the incidence of asthma and other upper re- spiratory diseases. India has an enhanced target to reduce emissions intensity of its GDP by 45 percent by 2030 from 2005 level, achieve about 50 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030.
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Weather forecast has utmost importance in Aviation, Ship routing, safety measures, planning and designing of structures, urban areas, offshore maintenance, natural resources, coastal areas, Agriculture, pollutants management and in many more weather applications in world wide.
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A seven-day forecast can accurately predict the weather about 80 percent of the time and a five-day forecast can accurately predict the weather approximately 90 percent of the time. However, a 10-day or longer forecast is only right about half the time. Short-term forecasts are generally more accurate than long-term forecasts. Forecasting process includes consideration of factors which can influence future demand. Hence, the short-term factors are more predictable than long-term. The weather forecasts at times go wrong due to the unpredictability of changes in ocean currents that are responsible for affecting global weather systems. For India, the Bay of Bengal acts as the buffer that affects the weather across the country. AccuWeather gathers the best and most comprehensive weather data to deliver forecasts with Superior Accuracy. Forecasts are pinpointed for every location on Earth and extend further ahead than any other source. Although recent advances in satellite and computer technology have helped in significantly improving weather forecasting, our knowledge about the atmosphere is still incomplete and hence 100% accuracy in weather prediction is not possible. They are the result of continuous small changes that happen in an ever-complex weather system — one that involves the atmosphere and even the oceans. Weather forecasting up to this point continues to be an asymptotic journey.
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Do the ongoing processes of economic globalisation foster, increase the impact and importance of sustainability or rather reduce the scope for the realisation of sustainable international economic ventures and processes, reduce the scale of sustainable international economic development?
Globalisation processes are subject to and influenced by various factors and processes operating over the long term. In recent years, the main determinants of globalisation processes include the growth of transnational corporations, international financial institutions, changes in the scale of economic protectionism applied, changes in international foreign trade strategies, cross-border capital flows financing direct investment and speculative investment in other countries' capital markets, international trade wars, the global financial crisis of 2007-2009, the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic and the recession of the 2020 economy, the increasing importance of green economic transformation and sustainable economic development, the energy crisis of 2022 and the intensifying negative effects of the progressive climate crisis. It may be that in the future, due to the intensifying negative effects of the progressive global warming process, the developing climate crisis, the importance of international environmental policy and supranational coordination for the implementation of sustainable development goals may be modified by globalisation processes in the years ahead. As a result, the structure of key priorities and factors shaping globalisation processes may change in the future. The importance of environmental, climate and sustainability factors in globalisation processes may increase. If globalisation processes undergo such modifications then international economic sustainability may also grow in importance. The question then arises as to how the processes of economic globalisation should proceed in order for sustainable international economic development to be realised?
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
Do the ongoing processes of economic globalization foster, increase the impact and importance of sustainability or do they rather reduce the scope of realization of sustainable international economic undertakings and processes, reduce the scale of sustainable economic development on an international scale?
What do you think about it?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Economic globalisation is a neoliberal project, Dariusz and hence by definition is antithetical to sustainability. See my review of Dicken's "Global Shift" published in the Canberra Bulletin of Public Administration in 2004. Also see my essay (listed on Research Gate) on the weakness of GDP as a measure of economic growth which itself is antithetical to sustainability, growth being a compounding geometrical function whereas sustainability is by definition a steady-state function.
There are many reasons why globalisation is steering the world away from sustainability, its emphasis on free trade being just one. Free trade means that countries swap goods that they could be producing themselves across the oceans burning fuel simply because companies driving trade can profit from price arbitrage.
Another reason is the ability of corporations to avoid taxation which by itself inherently disadvantages the provision of public goods by governments all around the world. Another reason is the ability of corporations to leverage regulatory concessions from governments. Globalisation has allowed corporations with a regressive, anti-intellectual, anti-environmental and anti-social outlook such as the Murdoch empire to gain leverage over the media and hence to propagate their vilification of environmental thinking around the world.
There is no reason in philosophy, ethics or disciplines other than modern orthodox economics why price should determine value. Arbitrage on price is at the core of contemporary economics and hence of economic globalisation.
Sustainability almost by definition requires localisation of trade, residential development, economic exchanges and transport (e.g. the 15 minute city) if for no other reason than to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels.
You may correspond further if you have a draft paper that you would like me to critique.
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I need good research papers or sites or reports that can provide an overall picture on the state of climate change in Southern Africa and its impact on women in particular. Please help.
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Good News on Positive Climate Change impacts from CIMP6 Simulations. One may read within the conclusion of this research [1] "This analysis estimated that 70% of global vegetated areas are currently undergoing greening, most prominently in cultivated croplands. This suggests that human practices and land-use management dominate the greening of the Earth. In general, this study demonstrated the dominant role of climate change in determining peak vegetation growth in vegetated areas worldwide. Considering the crucial role of climate change in peak vegetation growth, we further examined the vegetation growth under future"
[1] Hongfen Teng, Songchao Chen, Bifeng Hu, Zhou Shi, Future changes and driving factors of global peak vegetation growth based on CMIP6 simulations, Ecological Informatics, 2023, 102031,
Available on:
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Which is the most promising, apart from forestry projects?
Will wide private adaption occur at a projected break-even monetary level?
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I honestly believe that CCS underground will only ever reach small demonstration project scale due to the energy costs involved and the uncertainty of the integrity of the majority of large scale, ex E&P hydrocarbon reservoirs. Those with such integrity will most likely be used for Hydrogen storage. Large Scale industrial CO2 emitters require highly efficient CO2 capture methods, not currently available and the pressure/density properties of CO2 can be a pipeline engineers nightmare. So the hierarchy of risk control applies: minimise CO2 formation as carbon offsetting is just a political statement in my opinion and exists due to the absence of global, long term, reduction strategies.
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Hi everyone,
I'm working on a research project on building performance under climate change scenarios. Does anyone know where can I get the future climate data in .EPW format for both typical and extreme weather files based on the IPCC climate change scenarios AR5 or AR6 in the US region?
Thanks a lot for your time,
With regards,
Ahmad Faiz Khan
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Hi
you can use meteonorm software and export future weather data files in epw. format.
Best
Christian
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What is nanotechnology for food agriculture and environment and its impact on sustainability and does nanotechnology help climate change?
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Nanotechnology, such as nanoscale biosensors and nanoparticles, to get an inside look at and manipulate processes like the spread of pathogens. Innovations in nanotechnology can help safeguard food security and protect the public from pathogens in food, water and the environment. Nanotechnology offers various opportunities to mitigate global warming, which include sequestration of greenhouse gases, to store and transport clean energy fuels like hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide efficiently, and to reduce fuel consumption. Therefore, by detecting pollutants by specific sensors, we can help protect the sustainability of human health and the environment. Thus, nanotechnology provides us with a new approach to cut down the waste production, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and discharge of hazardous chemicals in water bodies.
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Which specific tipping point manifested the first irreversibility?
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No. The area of Arctic air had become extended far to the south and the fourth cycle of increased solar radiation due to the change in tilt of the Earth's axis had begun causing increasing temperatures both in the area of subtropical air and in the area of Arctic air over land. Inevitably, there was more heating at lower latitudes than under the Arctic air mass, resulting in increased pressure on the Arctic air. This extra pressure was relieved by the Arctic air escaping south over the area of cooler air over the north Pacific Ocean before moving east into southern British Columbia. It had warmed and picked up a lot of moisture over the ocean and dropped it as copious amounts of snow over the mountains, cooling at the wet adiabatic lapse rate until it reached the Continental Divide. It the descended on to the Prairies warming at the dry adiabatic lapse rate. On arrival there it had the properties of the subtropical air, thus adding pressure on the remaining Arctic Air mass. This caused the Arctic Front to retreat polewards to relieve the added pressure, so starting the retreat of the outer margin of the ice sheet on the Prairies. This contiuned from 20 ka until the pressures on the air masses reached an equilibrium at about 10 ka.
Stuart.
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Carbon has now entered our lives as both a component of climate change and a legal matter. In order to capture, certify and certify carbon, it must first be legally defined. This question was asked in order to make this legal definition.
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Aynur's question is in fact relevant and non-trivial.
Yes, carbon is one of the 92 stable chemical elements of the Universe, but a myriad of chemical compounds contain this element, from diamond and calcium carbonate rocks to carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere, and including every living (and dead) organism in the biosphere.
However, not all atoms of carbon are relevant for legislative process: in the context of climate change, the concern is to estimate benefits and damages, as well as liabilities that may be associated to the current climate warming, which is due to the excessive and unprecedented release of "greenhouse gases (GHG)" in the atmosphere.
Hence legal experts are (or should be) primarily concerned about the emissions of GHG over and beyond the "natural" exchanges, as well as all processes that affect, or are affected by, those releases. It may thus be wise to scrutinize the carbon cycle (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle) and to distinguish between the fluxes of carbon that can be expected to be exchanged between the major reservoirs (oceans, atmosphere, land and vegetation) and the additional fluxes of GHG that result from human activities, and specifically the burning of fossil fuels.
Roughly half of the CO2 released by industrial and agricultural activities since 1850 has been absorbed by the oceans (which have in turn become more acidic), but the other half has remained in the atmosphere, and that is the primary cause of the observed progressive climate warming.
It is in this context that the "Carbon credits" mentioned by Josnier matter: the idea is to remove some of the excess CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in a form and place that will prevent its return to the atmosphere for long periods of time. Of course, whether this solution is feasible, appropriate, or even wise in the long run is another question...
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Our planet has suffered damages, its capacity for recovery is being tested. Some ecosystems are fragile, and they can easily be triggered into collapse. What are the irreversible damages already done?
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There are many irreversible damages that have been caused by human activities on the planet and they're all connected. Simply to name a few:
  1. Pollution: Human activities such as industrialization, transportation, and agriculture have released a range of pollutants into the environment, including chemicals, plastics, and greenhouse gases, which have had negative impacts on the health of all organisms.
  2. Climate change: Greenhouse gas emissions from human activities have caused global temperatures to rise, resulting in changes to weather patterns, melting ice caps, and rising sea levels.
  3. Land degradation: Overuse of land for agriculture, fertilizing, grazing, building and other activities has led to soil erosion, loss of topsoil, acidification and desertification, making it difficult for vegetation to grow and contributing to biodiversity loss.
  4. Deforestation: Clearing of forests for agriculture, logging, and other uses has led to the loss of important habitats and biodiversity, as well as contributing to climate change by releasing carbon into the atmosphere.
  5. Ocean acidification: Increased carbon dioxide emissions from human activities have led to a decrease in the pH of the oceans, making them more acidic and causing negative impacts on marine life.
  6. Water scarcity: Overuse of freshwater resources for agriculture, industry, and human consumption has led to water scarcity in many parts of the world, making it difficult for communities to access clean water.
  7. Loss of biodiversity: Human activities such as habitat destruction, pollution, and overfishing have caused a decline in the number of species on the planet, with some estimates suggesting that up to one million species are at risk of extinction.
These are just some of the major irreversible damages that have been caused by human activities on the planet, and they highlight the urgent need for action to address these issues and mitigate their impacts, which is unfortunately increasing. We're barely aware of the issues, only using tag lines, and we don't want to talk or think about them because it's disruptive to our comfort. To make a trivial example, have you notice that the shoe soles worn out, if so, have you wondered where it went? That's non degradable material polluting the environment.
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Hello, I would like to send the theories if they exist
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Yes, there are several scientific theories that connect climate change with human-caused environmental pollution. One of the most widely accepted theories is the “greenhouse effect”, which states that the burning of fossil fuels releases gases into the atmosphere that trap heat, leading to an increase in the Earth’s temperature. Other theories suggest that pollutants such as aerosols and carbon dioxide can further contribute to global warming.
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Looking for well-researched studies about the demise of the climate change movement after the Carter presidency.
Contrary to Europe the movement seems to have died off more. Subjective impression. What were the drivers?
In which channel has the green movement morphed into? Gender? Equality?
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I think that this issue can be attributed to a combination of factors. Firstly, the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 signaled a shift in the political landscape, with his administration rolling back much of the environmental regulation and green initiatives put in place by the Carter administration. Secondly, the global economic recession of the 1980s further diminished the public's interest in environmental issues, as people focused on economic concerns instead. Thirdly, the rise of neoconservatism in the Reagan era also weakened the climate aware movement, as the administration sought to promote economic growth and reduce government regulation. Finally, the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s further weakened the movement, as public attention shifted toward other issues. The green movement has since morphed into a variety of different causes, including gender equality, animal rights, and sustainable development. Climate change has remained an important issue, but there has been an increased focus on more specific, localized issues such as air pollution, water quality, and energy conservation. There has also been a shift toward more grassroots activism and public education, as individuals and communities take the lead in addressing environmental issues.
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Some pedagogic professors are advocates for an ecocentric pedagogic approach due to climate change.
Have schools already applied this concept somewhere on the planet? Is this the start of a different approach to humanism?
What are the downsides of ecocentric teachings vs anthropocentrism?
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Interesting new discussion topic, Professor/Scholar Thomas Schuermann, Maybe, it is an interesting pioneering idea to incorporate/integrate these two paradigms as an emergent discipline to address the global issue of climate change, global warming due to the thickening of the Green House Effect layer in the outer atmosphere. . . .
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Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) are designated to conserve the natural resources, biodiversity and to transfer a liveable ecosystem for the future generation by implementing various objectives in interdisciplinary fields.
However, are the world countries have achieved their desired success in implementing SDGs? If not, what are the prime reasons for those drawbacks?
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We do not dig deep enough. The answers are superficial. Human culture in general is violent towards society and nature. Existing rules of our economic game are flawed. As long as we stick to the money and capitalization as the measuring rods of our "success" and "productivity" in privately closed entities, no satisfactory result can be expected. Let us try to understand the deep meaning of the global interdependence and the common good.
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What are the idiosyncratic reasons, why the high-speed railway track system is behind?
-Automotive sector lobby?
-Structural issues states, trust?
-Airline lobby?
-Railway investments crowded out?
-Cultural reasons?
-Costs?
-Fiscal?
-Income effect?
-Something else?
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There are always political reasons.
Above all, it is not clear why it is "necessary" to produce locomotives and related tracks that support ever higher speeds, when the so-called "smart" technology puts anyone in contact with multitudes from all over the world at infinitely lower costs, remaining at home.
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Green markets are markets where the environmental cost of pollution is positive and endogenous. Environmentally clean markets are markets where the environmentally cost of pollution is zero and endogenous. Which raises the question, would economic expansions towards environmentally clean markets have taken place had Adam Smith given us the theory of the perfect green market in 1776?
I think Yes, what do you think? Why?
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In the middle of the 18th century, the combination of economic issues with ecology was somewhat absent. Ecological threats did not appear to be something important at that time. For Smith and his contemporaries, the main problem of political economy was to break down the supply barriers of the economy and lift humanity out of poverty. Therefore, his main work is The Wealth of Nations.
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Good links anybody?
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Looking at youth movements apart from the Neoliberal high epoque, youth seems to have been mostly historically on the socialist side with traditional skepticism towards capitalism.
Have the current youth movements within the countries of the Western Hemisphere around topics such as climate change and equality issues reached a new quality dimension and may manifest a potential tipping point in market designs going forward?
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Thx for your take Rana.
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Is there an equilibrium where potential animals living on the bottom such as crabs, and lobsters may survive? Is plankton really totally autonomous from coral reefs?
How much maritime life is gone without coral reefs in percentages term?
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Is there an equilibrium where potential animals living on the bottom such as crabs, and lobsters may survive?
Yes, there is the concept of an ecological equilibrium in which the populations of animals such as crabs and lobsters can remain stable over time in their environments. This occurs when the birth and death rates of these species are in balance, and the size of the population remains relatively constant.
In the case of bottom-dwelling animals like crabs and lobsters, their populations can be influenced by a range of environmental factors, such as water temperature, food availability, predation, disease, and human activities. For example, overfishing can result in a decrease in the number of adult animals and can cause a shift in the balance of the ecosystem. On the other hand, if fishing pressure is reduced and the population is allowed to recover, it may return to a stable equilibrium over time.
It is important to note that ecological equilibria are not static and can change over time due to shifts in environmental conditions or human activities. This highlights the need for careful management and monitoring of populations of these species to ensure their long-term survival and to maintain the health of their ecosystems.
Is plankton really totally autonomous from coral reefs?
Plankton and coral reefs are not completely autonomous from each other. In fact, they have a close relationship and are interconnected in a variety of ways.
Plankton, which includes both phytoplankton (microscopic plants) and zooplankton (microscopic animals), form the base of the food chain in many oceanic environments, including those surrounding coral reefs. Phytoplankton are primary producers that produce organic matter through photosynthesis, which is then consumed by zooplankton and other organisms.
Coral reefs, on the other hand, are ecosystems that support a diverse array of species, including fish, invertebrates, and other marine organisms. These species depend on the availability of plankton as a food source, either directly or indirectly. In addition, coral reefs can also influence the distribution and abundance of plankton in their vicinity. For example, coral reefs can provide shelter and habitat for zooplankton, and they can also modify water flow patterns, affecting the distribution of plankton in the surrounding waters.
Therefore, while plankton and coral reefs are not completely autonomous, they are closely linked and dependent on each other in a complex food web. This highlights the importance of maintaining the health of both plankton and coral reef ecosystems for the overall health and productivity of marine environments.
How much maritime life is gone without coral reefs in percentages term?
It is difficult to estimate the exact proportion of underwater life that can survive without coral reefs, as this will vary depending on the specific species and their individual requirements. However, it is widely acknowledged that coral reefs play a crucial role in supporting the diversity and abundance of marine life in many parts of the world.
Coral reefs provide a wide range of habitats and resources for a diversity of species, including fish, invertebrates, and algae. They also provide shelter and protection from predation, as well as nursery grounds for juvenile fish and other species. As a result, coral reefs are often referred to as "rainforests of the sea" due to their high levels of biodiversity and their importance as habitat for a large number of species.
If coral reefs are lost or degraded, many species that depend on them for survival may also be at risk. This can have far-reaching impacts on the overall health and productivity of marine ecosystems. Some species may be able to adapt to alternative habitats, but many others may face significant declines in abundance or even extinction.
In conclusion, while some species of underwater life may be able to survive without coral reefs, many others are closely tied to these ecosystems and would be at risk if the reefs were lost or degraded. It is important to protect and conserve coral reefs to maintain the health and diversity of marine life and ecosystems.
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how global tectonic responsible for climate change ?
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What are the most serious problems of civilization development that should be solved as soon as possible? What are the global problems for which research should be developed and solutions to these problems resolved in 2019 and in subsequent years?
One of such research problems, which should not be postponed for an indefinite future, is the need to develop environment-friendly sustainable economic development in order to slow down the adverse process of global warming.
With the warming of the Earth's climate, the risk of more dramatic climate cataclysms, including tsunamis, increases.
Tsunami may be a derivative of the global warming problem. Global warming generates an increase in climate disasters, including more cases of tsunamis.
But not only is the risk of more violent and more dramatic tsunamis rising. Also in recent years, there has been more other types of climate and natural climate catatics, such as droughts, rainstorms, tornadoes and weather anomalies.
At present, it should no longer be asked whether global warming generates an increase in natural disasters only what rate of growth will be recorded in the future? So many data, research centers confirms the progressing process of global warming, that the problem is unquestionable.
More and more data points to the growing risk of climate change, unfavorable for human and life on the Earth, increase of climate disasters, climatic and weather anomalies, which are the result of global warming, rising average annual temperature near the Earth's surface.
Now we should just ask: How can these adverse processes be counteracted? What ecological technologies, renewable energy sources, how to help natural environments, how to rebuild them, such as afforestation, to build natural ecosystems absorbing greenhouse gases?
How to develop ecological business ventures? How to create financing systems for this type of pro-ecological projects? How to dispel international cooperation in this matter? What actions should be taken to move towards the development of a new ecological green economy?
How to develop environmentally sustainable economic development to slow down the unfavorable warming of the Earth's climate?
Please reply. I invite you to the discussion
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The United Kingdom will get a new Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, which has raised hopes that the country can reinvigorate its position as a green-energy leader...
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Hi frds,
Is there a study of the impact of hunter vs gatherer codes societies on sustainable climate aware lifestyles?
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Open AI such as chatgpt increase speed in reviewing large volumes of papers and generating original content.
How is likely to affect students examinations especially on essays and term papers?
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You can write review paper in less than an hour by ChatGPT!
Actually, I have tried to do so and plagiarsim was under 4%. I dont know what authors need more.
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Looking for Climate-Smart agriculture (CSA) techniques which can be practically implemented in the existing agricultural fields i.e. on ground while farming.
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Climate-smart agriculture is an integrated approach to managing landscapes cropland, livestock, forests and fisheries that address the interlinked challenges of food security and climate change. Climate-smart agriculture is a pathway towards development and food security built on three pillars: increasing productivity and incomes, enhancing resilience of livelihoods and ecosystems and reducing and removing greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere.
Climate-smart crop production practices and technologies
  • Use of quality seeds and planting materials of well-adapted crops and varieties. ...
  • Ecological intensification & Biodiversity management. ...
  • Integrated Crop Resource Management. ...
  • Improved water productivity by introduce millet's in cropping system
  • Adoption of Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Soil and Land Management for Increased crop Productivity & Profitability.
  • Precision in mechanization
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I am having this idea of reclaiming part of the Sahara by planting trees to see whether it will assist in combating Climate Change.
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  • ANY of the 8 READERS of this QUESTION.. Is your country a member of the "Middle East Green Initiative" who will be planting 50 billion trees to combat desertification and eliminate the dust clouds?
  • If you could post answers to these questions below, it would be useful to see what each country's goals are...
  • If so, what is your country's tree planting goal?
  • What will be the annual budget for this ecological restoration work?
  • Which agency within your government will be responsible for the plantings?
  • Will the native grasses and wildflowers be planted along with the trees, to secure the soil around the trees to keep dust from blowing?
  • Will all of the trees be native to your country and no exotics planted?
  • Last year, SAUDI ARABIA's goal was ONE MILLION trees planted PER WEEK, until 10 billion are planted.
  • IRAN's goal is 4.5 MILLION trees per week for the next four years.
  • 24 countries at the COP27 meeting in November 2022, agreed to plant a total of 50 BILLION trees all together. YouTube video available of the meeting of the "Saudi Green Initiative" that was expanded to the "Middle East" group of the 24 counties.
  • Any oil or gas producing country, going to use the carbon credits produced by those trees, to be able to sell Carbon Neutral fossil fuels to your customers, like Occidental Petroleum did when 2 million barrels of Carbon Neutral oil was sold to India 2 years ago?
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(How) Sustainable structures need to be improvised based on climate change so that it will enroute towards green sustainability making Advance Technology (Inclusive).
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Anybody who has experience with the R package heatwaveR? Is it a good tool for heatwave and coldspells? Any other tools for heatwave and coldspells simulation that you can recommend?
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It can be used depending on what- are your objectives.
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Although, mangroves have been acknowledged as effective coastal bio-shields and conservation of the same has been taken up as a collective global agenda[1], a more collaborative and intensive effort should be put in place for conservation of these unique habitats. Similar to the collective efforts at the global level, collective efforts at the local and regional level should be initiated and fostered for conservation and sustainable management of mangrove habitats. In this context a discussion note was prepared to initiate a dialogue with individuals and organizations in India, especially on the eastern Indian coast to initiate the “Eastern Indian Mangrove Alliance for Conservation (EIMAC)”, to collectively identify the issues and opportunities and initiate a collaborative effort for conservation of mangrove habitats, sustainable economic development of the coastal communities and climate change mitigation and adaptation on the eastern Indian coast. The following sections of the discussion note provides an overview of the mangrove habitats of the eastern Indian coast, biodiversity, socio-economic conditions of the artisanal fishermen, and the threats of climate change. It was intended that this discussion note would provide the background and help to open the window for further discussion and initiate collaborative and collective action.
[1] Outlook Business Team, 2022. COP27 identifies mangroves as important solution to climate change. Outlook, retrieved online: https://www.outlookindia.com/business/cop27-identifies-mangroves-as-important-solution-to-climate-change-news-235946
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