Science topic

Climate Change - Science topic

Climate Change is an any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.
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The risk of species extinction increases with every degree of warming.
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Climate change boosts the salinity increase in the fresh water rivers and other fresh water ecosystems. All the fresh water living entities are threatened due to salinity increase. Agricultural biodiversity is also hampered due to excess salinity. In a ward, aquatic ecosystem, agricultural biodiversity and human activities are completely disturbed only for saline water in absence of fresh water supply. Thus a normal and natural biosystem is replaced which is the consequence of altered climate. Besides, excessive dryness, intensity and frequency of cyclonic storm, sudden and strong downfall etc are altogether detrimental to the extinction of existing living bodies. Destructive forest fires is the experience of long time heat and dryness; and shifting of previous weather situation brings about this fatal catastrophe. And massive biodiversity loss is only the final attainment of this phenomenon.
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Imagine a world where developing countries have to work under dwarf green market thinking as they do not have the resources needed to close their renewable energy technology gap and they are then stucked in a world of bearing climate change without a path to environmentally clean markets. And imagine developed countries using their resources to close their renewable energy technology gap as they have the resources to do so and work under green market thinking with a clear path to transition to an environmentally clean economy.
We can look at this bipolar world as existing under a closed system and under an open system environment. Which raises the question: Competition between dwarf green markets and green markets under closed and open systems: How does it work? Which countries would fall first?
What do you think?
Respectfully yours;
Note:
You need to know the difference between dwarf green markets and green markets in terms of model structure and price structure and in terms of how they work to be able to address this question.
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Jordi, good day, Thank you for taking the time to think about it and give it a detailed try. If we were comparing dwarf green markets in developing countries vrs dwarf green markets in developed countries, you comment is perfect and detailed, but the question is about dwarf green markets vrs green markets having just for example developing countries setting up and implementing dwarf green markets and developed countries setting up and implementing green markets.
The note at the end of context in question reads: Note:
You need to know the difference between dwarf green markets and green markets in terms of model structure and price structure and in terms of how they work to be able to address this question.
Jordi, you can find ideas about the differences between these two different types of markets and about green market thinking and dwarf green market thinking in general in the following articles, Take a look at them when you have time:
The Flipping of Traditional Economic Thinking: Contrasting the Working of Dwarf Green Market Thinking with that of Green Market Thinking to Highlight Main Differences and Implications
Beyond Traditional Market Thinking: What is the Structure of the Perfect Green market?
From Traditional Markets to Green Markets: A Look at Markets Under Perfect Green Market Competition
Sustainability thoughts 109: Linking perfect green market theory to the circular green economy
Sustainability thought 169: Does defining sustainability as sustainable development requires alternative academic facts? If Yes, what is the nature of these alternative academic facts?
Sustainability thoughts 130: Can green economies and green growth exist without green markets? If not, why not? What is the current main development implication of this?
Sustainability thoughts 139: How can the 2012 road to transition from environmental pollution based traditional economies to the environmentally clean economies that the world never built be pointed out?
Sustainability thought 162: Can we transition from the environmentally dirty economy to the environmental clean economy with the use of dwarf green markets? If no, why not?
Sustainability thought 177: What are environmental pollution production markets, environmental pollution reduction markets, environmental pollution management markets and no environmental pollution production markets? How do they work?
Sustainability thought 179: Can we transition from the environmentally dirty economy to the environmental clean economy with the use of green markets? If Yes, why?
Sustainability thoughts 105: An overview of the externality structure of all possible markets and of the specific market illusion under which each of them operates.
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How to organisms interact with each other and with their environment and climate change affect ecosystems?
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Гидробионтларда Организимлар биотик муносабатларининг ўзгаришида, тарқалиш зичлигида, озуқа занжирида ўзгаришлар бўлишинин Зарафшон дарёсида кузатдтк.
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Does the Earth have seasons because of Earth's tilt and tilt of the Earth causing climate change?
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The earth's spin axis is tilted with respect to its orbital plane. This is what causes the seasons. When the earth's axis points towards the sun, it is summer for that hemisphere. When the earth's axis points away, winter can be expected. Changes in the Earth's orbit around the sun and changes in the tilt and wobble of the Earth's axis can lead to cooling or warming of the Earth's climate because they change the amount of energy our planet receives from the sun.
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* model
* rule and regulation ( new2023)
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Dear Colleagues,
Deadline: 15 January 2024
The energy transition, also known as the shift from fossil-based energy systems to low-carbon and renewable energy sources, is critical to addressing climate change. Environmental analyses guide the energy transition, as they provide valuable insights into the technical, economic, and social aspects of adopting renewable energy sources and mitigating climate change impacts.
Renewable energy sources are essential due to their potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and curb reliance on fossil fuels. However, the integration of renewable energy into existing energy systems requires the consideration of various aspects, such as resource availability, intermittency, storage, and grid infrastructure, which necessitates sophisticated and comprehensive analyses.
Furthermore, the urgency of addressing climate change cannot be overstated in the context of energy transition. As the world faces the challenges of rising temperatures, changing weather patterns, and environmental degradation, transitioning to renewable energy sources is crucial to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Complex analyses play a pivotal role in evaluating the environmental, social, and economic impacts of energy systems, assessing the potential risks and benefits of renewable energy deployment, and informing policy and decision-making processes.
Research papers that contribute to the understanding of renewable energy sources, and climate change aspects in the context of energy transition are highly encouraged and welcomed to advance the knowledge and inform evidence-based policies in this critical field.
Keywords
  • energy transition
  • renewable energy
  • system integration
  • grid optimization
  • clean and affordable energy
  • climate change
  • mitigation and adaptation
  • environmental assessment
  • complex systems
  • data-driven models
Dr. Viktor Sebestyén Guest Editor
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Hi Viktor, will share it with my collogues
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I just took a look at the document just signed in Paris in Nov-Dec 2015 to deal with the issue of global warming, which apparently is to be implemented through sustainable development means:
I am surprised to see they have not defined what type of sustainable development model or market structure is the one that they are using to address the global warming issue since the word "sustainability" seems to be nowhere. There seem to be different indirect definitions of sustainable development in ARTICLE 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 10 in the appendix
Are we going to use different sustainable development models or market structures at the same time to deal with the same issue? If yes, how are we going to compare results if using different methodologies later on to monitor progress and if possible link results/responsibilities?
Has anyone else notice this? What type of sustainable development model  or market structure is the UN using against global warming?
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Ladjali, good day.
You are right a shift towards true sustainability or eco-economic sustainability/green markets need not just sustainability based markets(sustainability producers and sustainability consumers) or fully environmentally friendly markets(Green producers and green consumers), but sustainability based education or green market based education(from elementary school to university).
In the case of the green market, I think we missed the change in 2012 Rio +20(UNCSD) to set up the educational requirements needed to set up, implement and expand green markets to create a clear road to transition from the dirty economy towards the clean economy from local to global.
Do you have a view on what the answer to the current question is: What type of sustainable development model is the UN using?
Thank you for commenting.
Respectfully yours;
Lucio
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Do coral reefs and phytoplankton and fish have major impacts on the energy budget of snowpack, and drought and global climate change and global warming?
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Dear Boris Kapuchkin
Hello, thank you very much. Abbas
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my research subject is climate change and asthmatic disease
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Here are some suggestions and a great article that helped me immensely.
  • First of all, to avoid getting lost in all the information, I recommend you create a table of content according to your vision and the point you want to discuss.
  • The objective has to be done to this point.
  • Then, you have to work on the type of content that you want, based on your vision (you can include patents, articles, books, reports, and clinic cases, among others), and that will help you to create tables, figures, statistical analysis, among other techniques.
  • Then you start with the research. At this point will be easier to choose the right resources according to your goal.
  • You can use Google Scholar, but I recommend reports of worldwide organizations (due to your topic), not only articles.
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How does climate change affect Himalayan water resources and components of Himalayan river flows in a changing climate?
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I have no specific answer for Himalayan water resources, however, this research sheds insights into the organic relationship between climate change and water resources future. Ojija, F., & Nicholaus, R. (2023). Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources and its Implications on Biodiversity: A Review. East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources, 6(1), 15-27. Available on:
The deepening of knowledge in this field covers important issues with regard to the development of adaptation strategies that preserve water security, particularly in the arid region. The conclusion of the paper is in this respect remarkably relevant, where one may read: "Where one may read within the discussion conclusion "...There is now a fair fight between rival interpretations of the economic implications of greenhouse gas emission reductions. The use of the present tense is also more common in climate coverage, as is the presentation of language related to risk. Climate discourse is increasingly focused on the risk posed by inaction and the here and now. To the extent that citizens may not be informed of the gravity of the risk posed by uncontrolled greenhouse gas emissions, or discount threats that appear to be far in the future, these are welcome developments"
The research findings align with the holistic approach to National Water Security in water-scarce countries, which considers the comprehensive national water balances.
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Cleaning my bookshelf (and eliminating some items), I found a book the title of which ran: "How to read Heidegger" --- My reply: In no way! Do not do that. --- I did it, and I wrote long ago that I had not found in Heidegger anything which seemed to me (1) understandable, (2) true, (3) relevant and (4) new at the same time. --- Why is Heidegger considered a great philosopher? His exotic language does have a poetic dimension, but it looks empty at the level of content.
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Heidegger's philosophy is a significant contribution to understanding the meaning of lived experience.
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Can Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics help in the development of sustainable organic agriculture based on planning, arranging and managing biodiverse, multi-species crop agriculture?
In your opinion, can the new technologies of Industry 4.0, including especially artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning applied in combination with big data, information and knowledge collected and processed on Big Data Analytics platforms help the development of sustainable organic agriculture based on planning, arranging and managing biodiverse, multi-species crops of agricultural crops?
The process of planning, designing, arranging sustainable crops of agricultural crops grown according to the formula of organic agriculture, which aims to restore highly sustainable, biodiverse natural agricultural ecosystems, should take into account many factors that are a mix of natural biotic, climatic, geological and abiotic factors and changes in these factors that have taken place over the last centuries or millennia within the framework of the development of human, unsustainable civilisation, the development of a robber economy based on intensive industrial development with ignoring the issue of negative externalities towards the surrounding environment.
Considering how this should be a complex, multifaceted process of planning, designing, managing and restoring highly sustainable biodiverse forest and sustainable agricultural ecosystems, the application in this process of new generations of Industry 4.0 technologies, including, above all, artificial intelligence based on large sets of data, information and knowledge concerning many different aspects of nature, ecology, climate, civilisation, etc. collected and processed on Big Data Analytics platforms may prove to be of great help.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
In your opinion, can the new technologies of Industry 4.0, including, above all, artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning applied in combination with large data sets, information and knowledge collected and processed on Big Data Analytics platforms help the development of sustainable organic agriculture based on the planning, arrangement and management of biodiverse, multi-species crops of agricultural crops?
Can artificial intelligence and Big Data Analytics help in the development of sustainable organic agriculture?
What is your opinion?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Of course, because AI and data analytics is the future in all realms of research, whether ecology or accounting :)
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How does climate change affect the microbiome andbiome doe’s climate change affect and relationship between climate and biomes?
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Biomes are regions on the earth that are influenced by similar climate patterns and have similar vegetation and wildlife communities. Climate is the longer trend in the weather that defines the weather pattern in a year in general. Climate change can alter where species live, how they interact, and the timing of biological events, which could fundamentally transform current ecosystems and food webs. Climate change can overwhelm the capacity of ecosystems to mitigate extreme events and disturbance, such as wildfires, floods, and drought. Because climate determines plant growth, it also influences the number and variety of other organisms in a terrestrial biome. Biodiversity generally increases from the poles to the equator. It is also usually greater in more humid climates. Climate is a major factor in determining types of life that reside in a particular biome, and there are several factors that influence climate, such as latitude, geographic features, and atmospheric processes disseminating heat and moisture. As seen in other biomes, each landscape attracts different plant and animal species, and therefore harbors a specific ecosystem. Different ecosystems within a biome often interact with one another, resulting in a much larger 'biome-wide' ecosystem.Biomes don't really affect each other they usually just gradually grade into one another based on temperature and moisture conditions. Climate change drastically influences different environmental cycles. The microbiome responds and adapts to changes in ecological conditions, which results in a change in the balance of the microbiome in nature. It will adversely affect the microbiome imbalance in the human body, which affects the health of human. Warmer temperatures affect the densities of airborne microbes and can accelerate their long-distance transport. Higher temperatures and environmental stresses can also alter human and animal physiologies and defenses against pathogens. Skin and gut microbiomes may become less protective.
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Dear Researcher,
Global Climate Models (GCMs) of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) are numerical models that represent the various physical systems of the Earth's climate with respect to the surface of the land, oceans, atmosphere, and cryosphere, and these are employed to provide likely changes in future climate projections. I wanted to know what are the initial and lateral boundary conditions used while developing the models.
Sincerely,
Aman Srivastava
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Global Climate Models (GCMs) are complex numerical models used to simulate the Earth's climate system. The latest generation of GCMs used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) includes a wide range of models with varying resolutions, parameterizations, and boundary conditions. The specific initial and lateral boundary conditions used by each model depend on its design and configuration, but here are some general guidelines:
Initial Conditions:
The initial conditions of a GCM refer to the state of the climate system at the beginning of a simulation. The initial conditions typically include the atmospheric and oceanic conditions such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and winds, as well as the initial state of sea ice, land surface properties, and greenhouse gas concentrations.
For CMIP6-based GCMs, the initial conditions are usually taken from a pre-industrial control simulation, where the model is run for several hundred years without any external forcing, to allow the climate to reach a stable state.
Some models may also use observational data such as ocean temperatures and sea ice concentration to initialize their simulations.
Lateral Boundary Conditions:
The lateral boundary conditions of a GCM refer to the conditions at the edges of the model domain, where the model interacts with the outside world.
For CMIP6-based GCMs, the lateral boundary conditions are usually prescribed using outputs from other models, such as reanalysis data or output from previous versions of the same model.
In some cases, the boundary conditions may be nudged towards observed values to improve the realism of the simulation.
The specific boundary conditions used by each model depend on its design and configuration, but in general, they are chosen to ensure that the model produces realistic simulations of the global climate system.
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The Department of Analysis of marine ecosystems and anthropogenic impacts of the Ukrainian Scientific Center of Ecology of the Sea, where I work, is going to apply for EURIZON Fellowship and we need a partnership from European Union. Here are the details of the program https://indico.desy.de/event/38700/.  The deadline is on 8/05. The name of the project is " The investigation of small saline groundwater dependent ecosystems biodiversity the arid zone (Odesa region, Ukraine) and evaluation it pre-war conditions. ". We have an archive with samples of zoobenthos and zooplankton, collected at ~190 sampling points on different substrates within ~ 30 limnocrenes, rheocrenes and helocrenes with salinity over 5 ‰ different seasons during the free time 2017-2021. We are planning to use this archive for the EURIZON fellowship, but because of war, our institution has no opportunity to take new samples in the Black Sea and limans.
I wrote to several colleges from Finland and Germany, but now they can take part. So I hope for the help of RG community.
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Parner is found. I have already got a letter of agreement.
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We are studying the impact of climate change on t land use change and plant cover evolution. We need publications on how to know the impact of climate change solely (without the antropogenic factors) on the reduction of forest and agrosystem plants cover.
Thanks.
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The study interval would have to be before the Anthropocene, the main field is Paleo-climatology, from there the individual ecosystem components. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology
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What are possible influence of enthalpy, entropy and free energy in the process of climate change? Is there any dynamic equilibrium with all energy-changing processes in climate change occur?
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I do not say you are wrong. You are absolutely true. I asked you whether it is dynamic equilibrium? Just technical question to audience.
This is a query. you might understand what I said? If it is reversible process it is dS=0, if it is adiabatic, Entropy of the system S=0.
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How can climate smart agriculture support the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly those related to poverty reduction, food security, and climate action?
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Warming climatic system is expected to impact the availability of basic necessities like freshwater, food security, and energy, while efforts to redress climate change, both through adaptation and mitigation, will similarly inform and shape the global development agenda. In fact, progress made towards limiting global temperature increase would significantly ease the path to many other SDGs, such as those related to poverty, hunger, access to water, and terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Food production has its own SDG which calls to “end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.” However, achieving other SDGs cannot be accomplished without a productive and sustainable agricultural sector. A strong climate agreement backed by action on the ground will help us achieve the Sustainable Development Goals to end poverty, build stronger economies and safer, healthier, and more livable societies everywhere. Aiming at reducing environmental risks and increasing the resilience of societies and the environment as a whole, UN Environment action fosters the environmental dimension of sustainable development and leads to socio-economic development. Sustainable agriculture is at the heart of the 2030 Agenda and first fundamental step to securing zero hunger. Changing our main energy sources to clean and renewable energy is the best way to stop using fossil fuels. These include technologies like solar, wind, wave, tidal and geothermal power. SDG 1 aims to eradicate poverty in all of its forms worldwide. Its goals include ensuring that everyone, especially the poorest and most vulnerable, has equal access to economic resources, basic services, property and land control, natural resources, and new technologies.
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As a consequence of the 2012 green market paradigm shift avoidance all countries are left on their own to address the environmental crisis without a common green market framework to promote, expand, and nurture economic activity systematically.
All countries are following different versions of dwarf green markets and different definitions of green, some of them that are inconsistent with green market thinking, but politically viable....But politically viable, does not make it right as when you burn the gas you get CO2.....
For example, the EU came out with the definition of "green gas" to solve a political problem, in an environmentally unfriendly manner.. Now the US came out with the definition of "polluting gas" as CO2 from burning it is air pollution to address a political problem, but in an environmentally friendly way…. and this raises the question, .Who is wrong: The EU / Green gas or the USA / Polluting gas?.
What do you think?
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Phil, then you TOTALLY missed the POINT if you thought that the question was about what is the difference between a white egg and a brown egg....
I see know you the answer so let's leave here to avoid going around and around.
Have a nice day!
Lucio
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What are the most effective ways to promote climate smart agricultural practices among small-scale farmers in developing countries, and what role can governments and NGOs play in this effort?
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Climate-smart crop production practices and technologies are: Use of quality seeds and planting materials of well-adapted crops and varieties with biodiversity management in IPM with improved water use and management in sustainable soil and land management for increased crop productivity through sustainable mechanization. Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is an approach to help the people who manage agricultural systems respond effectively to climate change. The CSA approach pursues the triple objectives of sustainably increasing productivity and incomes, adapting to climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions where possible. To mitigate the climate change techniques and practices prove to be helpful as prepared a weather changes parameters as preciously to ensuring ecosystem compatible drainage and improved irrigation efficiency through rainwater harvesting precision farming. Adopt of zero-tillage practices with the adoption of adaptive crops. They include polyculture, crop reduction, crop rotation, food cycling biological pest control and/or biodiversity promotion and use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, mechanical cultivation, and other techniques
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How can sustainable land management practices be used to improve soil health, increase biodiversity, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
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Sustainable land-management practices such as conservation tillage, cover cropping, and crop rotation can improve soil health by reducing erosion, increasing organic matter, and enhancing soil structure. These practices increase soil fertility, improve water infiltration, and reduce soil degradation. Soil management is sustainable if the supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural services provided by soil are maintained or enhanced without significantly impairing either the soil functions that enable those services or biodiversity. Eat sustainable foodstuffs, properly recycle batteries, produce homemade compost and dispose of drugs in the places authorized for this purpose. Encourage a more eco-friendly model for industry, farming and stock breeding, among other economic activities. Farming practices that increase soil biodiversity include sustainably managing soil water and nutrients, controlling erosion, and maintaining ground cover. One such method is agro forestry, which involves planting trees alongside crops. Biodiversity ensures food security by protecting agricultural production from various threats, such as pathogenic outbreaks, extreme climate, etc. Additionally, biodiversity enhances food production considerably by promoting crop pollination. Greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by making power on-site with renewable and other climate-friendly energy resources. Examples include rooftop solar panels, solar water heating, and small-scale wind generation, fuel cells powered by natural gas or renewable hydrogen, and geothermal energy.
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What are the most promising technologies for reducing agricultural emissions, such as methane from livestock, and how can they be scaled up and deployed?
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Vapour recovery units can be installed over crude oil and condensate storage tanks to reduce direct venting of methane to the atmosphere. Gas-driven devices that continuously release small amounts of methane can be replaced with low- or zero-emitting devices throughout oil and gas systems.There are several promising technologies for reducing agricultural emissions, including methane from livestock. Some of these technologies include improved feeding practices, biogas digesters, manure management, precision livestock farming, and conservation agriculture. Select high quality feed that will reduce methane released from enteric fermentation and manage manure to reduce methane and nitrous oxide and cover manure storage facilities. Grinding and pelleting of forages increases passage rate and reduces methane emitted by the animal. Fats are a high energy source that can be included as part of the diet and have been shown to have an inhibitory effect on methane production as fat can be toxic to methane producing microbes. Encourage composting or incineration. Capture the methane produced and uses it as fuel or to generate electricity when burnt and reduce the number of farm animals.
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Climate change is a reality. However, the world has accepted it. But the oil-producing countries come in front of this reality. They don't believe this fact because they think that they will suffer from the cessation of fossil fuel production. Due to this, they are not allowing clean energy policies in the world. Saudi Arabia, China, Russia, Iran, America, and some other Gulf countries whose economy runs on oil. They are not ready to follow international protocols and deals regarding climate change. But they probably don't know that the consumption of fossil fuels will increase due to the tyranny of these countries. Due to this greenhouse gases will be produced. This will further destroy the ozone layer. The temperature of the earth will increase further. When the temperature increases, the weather will change because of it. The result will be that agriculture will be destroyed, due to which food shortage will occur. The melting of glaciers will increase natural disasters. The intensity of heat will increase. Pandemic outbreaks would be common. Scientists are already making predictions. But some black sheep feed/skeptics, who been fed the money by oil companies. They are also creating division among people by giving different opinions. But it is a fact that if the world does not make timely decisions, there will be a lot of loss. God forbid, its effects will be on the whole world. Millions of lives may be lost. So there is still time. The world should take climate change seriously and find a solution to it.
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Lest we forget, as I understand it, IPCC prediction models have never been verified. In the last 3000 years we have had a number of natural warm and cold intervals. Perhaps the most famous among the warm periods is the 700 years-long Iron/Roman Age Climate Optimum. Non-reliable power production from wind and sun will never be accepted because it will not be cheap. A better approach would be to follow the suggestion of the Reality Equation which states that: Sustainable development (including industrial air pollution abatement) + Adaptation = Resilience + Prosperity. The 5 nations mentioned above seem to understand the size and meaning of the game. Some of them have turned to nuclear energy sources that will contribute to both climate mitigation and industrial air pollution abatement while strengthening their respective economy's until cleaner and cost-effective technologies are developed.
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What is the importance of Himalayan Mountains in India and impact of climate change on Himalayas?
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The Himalayas is the highest mountain range in the world, and has 9 out of 10 of the world's highest peaks, including Mount Everest. These mountains, referred to as the Third Pole, are the source of some of Asia's major rivers and also help to regulate our planet's climate. The Himalayas are the third largest deposit of ice and snow in the world, after Antarctica and the Arctic. There are approximately 15,000 glaciers located throughout the range. At 48 miles (72 km) in length, the Himalayan Siachen glacier is the largest glacier outside the poles. The Great Himalayas or Greater Himalayas or Himadri is the highest mountain range of the Himalayan Range. The world's highest peak, Mount Everest, as well as other “near−highest” peaks, such as Kangchenjunga, Lhotse, and Nanga Parbat, is part of the Greater Himalayas range. The Himalayas also act as a barrier to the monsoon winds coming from seas. Hence, they are an important cause of rainfall in India. They help in maintaining both the elements of climate, i.e. temperature and rainfall. The Himalayas have a significant impact on India's climate. Only the presence of the Himalayas makes India a monsoon land. It traps the monsoon winds from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, forcing them to shed their moisture content within the Indian subcontinent in the form of snow and rain. A significant threat posed by climate change in the Himalayas is the continual formation of a large number of glacial lakes. The lakes consist of vast quantities of glacial melt water held in place by natural dams of stone and rubble.
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What is the importance of Himalayas in Indian climate and Himalaya and coastal states of India will be affected by climate change?
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The Himalayan and coastal states of India are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The Himalayan region is already experiencing the effects of melting glaciers, which could lead to flooding and water shortages in the future. Rising sea level may degrade the rich cultivable land and freshwater resources, causing damage to coastal biodiversity and affecting food security. Damage to the nursery areas for fisheries may affect Indian economy, as India is one of the major exporters of fishery products. Sea level rise could erode and inundate coastal ecosystems and eliminate wetlands. Warmer and more acidic oceans are likely to disrupt coastal and marine ecosystems. Coastal development reduces the ability of natural systems to respond to climate changes. The Himalayas block the monsoon winds and confine them to the Indian subcontinent. Without monsoons, India would have been a desert. In India monsoon usually lasts from July to September. 90% of the rainfall in India is due to monsoon. Near the coast, the temperature hovers around 36 °C (97 °F), and the proximity of the sea increases the level of humidity. In southern India, the temperatures are higher on the east coast by a few degrees compared to the west coast. The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from Central Asia from entering the subcontinent. It is because of these mountains that this subcontinent experiences comparatively milder winters as compared to Central Asia.The Himalayas are the third largest deposit of ice and snow in the world, after Antarctica and the Arctic. There are approximately 15,000 glaciers located throughout the range. At 48 miles (72 km) in length, the Himalayan Siachen glacier is the largest glacier outside the poles. The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from Central Asia from entering the subcontinent. It is because of these mountains that this subcontinent experiences comparatively milder winters as compared to Central Asia. Mountains support a rich variety of flora and fauna. Mountains also affect the climate of an area. For example, the Himalayas cause rainfall in India by blocking the south-west monsoon winds. They also protect us from the cold winds of Central Asia in winter.
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What is the effect of climate change on river system in India and how does climate change affect environment?
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Climate change has significant impacts on the river systems in India. One of the most significant impacts is the alteration of the timing and magnitude of river flows. Climate change is causing changes in rainfall patterns, leading to more extreme weather events such as floods and droughts. This has a significant impact on the flow of rivers in India. Floods can cause significant damage to infrastructure, homes, and agricultural land. In addition, it can cause erosion and sedimentation in rivers, leading to changes in their morphology and flow patterns. Droughts, on the other hand, can cause water shortages, affecting the availability of water for agriculture, drinking, and other purposes. Moreover, climate change is also causing the melting of glaciers in the Himalayas, which are a significant source of water for many of India's rivers. The loss of glacier mass is leading to changes in the timing and magnitude of river flows, affecting the availability of water for irrigation and other uses. Climate change also has a significant impact on the environment in India. Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns can affect ecosystems, leading to the loss of biodiversity and changes in the distribution of species. Changes in temperature can also lead to the spread of diseases and pests, affecting both human and animal populations. The rise in sea level due to climate change can also have a significant impact on coastal areas, causing flooding, erosion, and saltwater intrusion. This can affect the livelihoods of people living in these areas, who are often dependent on fishing and other coastal activities. In summary, climate change is having a significant impact on the river systems in India, affecting the timing and magnitude of river flows, and leading to floods and droughts. Climate change also affects the environment, leading to changes in ecosystems, the spread of diseases and pests, and affecting coastal areas.
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How does climate change affect river flow and impact of climate change on water resources?
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Warmer temperatures increase the rate of evaporation of water into the atmosphere, in effect increasing the atmosphere's capacity to "hold" water. Increased evaporation may dry out some areas and fall as excess precipitation on other areas. Additional runoff will be compounded by lower flows and rising temperatures. More frequent droughts and shifting precipitation patterns lower water levels in rivers, lakes and streams, leaving less water to dilute pollutants. Climate change affects the social and environmental determinants of health clean air, safe drinking water, sufficient food and secure shelter. Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to cause approximately 250 000 additional deaths per year, from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress
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What are the components of river flow and components of Himalayan river flows in a changing climate?
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The major components of flow are ecologically important: extreme low flows, low flows, high flow pulses, small floods, and large floods. These five components of flow regimes are known as “environmental flow components. The factors that affect water availability in future in the Himalayan Rivers are glacier melt, groundwater extraction, reservoir construction, future precipitation, population growth, snow melt, springs and permafrost thaw. By virtue of its location and stupendous height, the Great Himalaya Range obstructs the passage of cold continental air from the north into India in winter and also forces the southwesterly monsoon winds to give up most of their moisture before crossing the range northward. The Himalayas have a significant impact on India's climate. Only the presence of the Himalayas makes India a monsoon land. It traps the monsoon winds from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, forcing them to shed their moisture content within the Indian subcontinent in the form of snow and rain.
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What is the role of microbes in maintaining temperature and microbial diversity changing with climate change?
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Warmer temperatures affect the densities of airborne microbes and can accelerate their long-distance transport. Higher temperatures and environmental stresses can also alter human and animal physiologies and defenses against pathogens. Skin and gut micro biomes may become less protective. Temperature also impacts microbial growth. Most microbes grow optimally within a certain temperature range dictated by the ability of proteins within the cell to function. In general, at low temperatures, microbes grow slower. At higher temperatures, microbes grow more quickly. The most significant effect of the microbes on earth is their ability to recycle the primary elements that make up all living systems, especially carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. Primary production involves photosynthetic organisms which take up CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it to organic material. Microbes play an important role in climate because they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when they eat. Bacteria and their main predators, protests, account for more than 40 times the biomass of all animals on Earth. As a result, they have a huge effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Microbes are involved in many processes, including the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and are responsible for both using and producing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Microbes can have positive and negative responses to temperature, making them an important component of climate change models.Increased levels of CO2 also induce the reproduction of microbes, resulting in excessive consumption of the nutrient, as well as iron and phosphorus, which are not abundantly found in the oceans. Carbon dioxide can also affect the biodiversity of keystone microbial species of the ocean ecosystem. Microbial population in soil are determined by various factor such as soil depth, organic matter, porosity, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration, soil PH, etc. Factors that influence microorganism role in nutrient building and cycling in soil and organic matter decomposition are of unique interest.
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What are the effects of climate change on living organisms and the environment and environmental temperature affect microbial physiology?
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Climate change is changing water availability, making it scarcer in more regions. Global warming exacerbates water shortages in already water-stressed regions and is leading to an increased risk of agricultural droughts affecting crops, and ecological droughts increasing the vulnerability of ecosystems. The rate of growth or death of a particular microbial species is influenced by a variety of physical factors in its environment including temperature, osmotic pressure, pH, and oxygen concentration. Temperatures below optimal will lead to a decrease in enzyme activity and slower metabolism, while higher temperatures can actually denature proteins such as enzymes and carrier proteins, leading to cell death. More frequent and intense drought, storms, heat waves, rising sea levels, melting glaciers and warming oceans can directly harm animals, destroy the places they live, and wreak havoc on people's livelihoods and communities. As climate change worsens, dangerous weather events are becoming more frequent or severe. In general, the higher the temperature, the more easily microorganisms can grow up to a certain point. Very high and low temperatures both obstruct the enzyme processes microorganisms depend on to survive. Some bacteria thrive in extreme heat or cold, while others can survive under highly acidic or extremely salty conditions. Most bacteria that cause disease grow fastest in the temperature range between 41 and 135 degrees F. Microbial communities in high-temperature environments are often dominated by a few types of microorganisms and are often significantly less diverse than those in lower temperature habitats. Very high and low temperatures both obstruct the enzyme processes microorganisms depend on to survive. Temperatures below optimal will lead to a decrease in enzyme activity and slower metabolism, while higher temperatures can actually denature proteins such as enzymes and carrier proteins, leading to cell death. The ocean level is rising, glaciers are melting, CO2 in the air is increasing, forest and wildlife are declining, and water life is also getting disturbed due to climatic changes.
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Why are coastal climates more moderate than inland climates and climate change around coastal areas less dramatic than being further inland?
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Water has a higher heat capacity than soil and rock, so the ocean takes much longer to heat and to cool than the land. Coastal areas will generally have more moderate temperatures than inland areas because of the heat capacity of the ocean. The winds blowing from sea to land bring a lot of moisture with them. They make the climate in the coastal areas very humid. The temperature of offshore currents affect nearby land areas. A maritime climate is less extreme than a continental climate, because the ocean moderates temperatures. Coastal climates tend to have wetter winters and drier summers, whereas inland climates have more humid summers and drier winters. Coastal climates are typically limited to narrow strips along the edges of continents, whereas inland climates tend to occur over broad swaths of continental interiors. As such, sand gets heated or cooled more rapidly as compared to water under the similar conditions. Thus a large difference in temperature is developed between the land and the sea due to which land and sea breezes are formed. These breezes make the climate near the sea shore moderate. The humidity in the atmosphere is called moisture. Since the proportion of moisture in the atmosphere depends on temperature and the air near the coastal areas has fewer variations in terms of temperature the higher temperatures hold a greater amount of moisture and make the climate of coastal regions humid.
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Including assessment of the robustness of results.
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A repetition of what I posted on one of your other questions.
Is there an impact of climate change on geomagnetic storms?
I prefer to look at this issue the other way round.: “Does the geomagnetic system has an impact on the climate change. The core is the “control center" of the strength and orientation of
the magnetic field of the Planet Earth (Geo-Dynamo-Effect). It is the sphere where our quadripartite climate driving system comes full circle (atmosphere, lithosphere, asthenosphere, core-mantle sphere). The geomagnetic field shields our habitat from extra- terrestrial impacts, e.g., cosmic rays and solar winds (see point 1)with consequences also on the climate (Brauer et al., 2008; Donadini et al., 2010; Korte et al., 2011; Svensmark et al.,2017; Liu et al., 2022). The North Pole is currently moving very fast towards Siberia at a speed of between 55 km to 45 km per year which by analogy with the geological past also leaves its imprints on the climate (Livermore et al., 2020).
But keep in mind “What did not suit cannot be true”. This is the slogan of all those who want to change the climate which has been changing for millions of years unaffected by human beings but impacted among others by the changing geo-magnetic field (and not to forget by so-called scientists)
HGD
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Happy for enlightenment.
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I prefer to look at this issue the other way round.: “Does the geomagnetic system has an impact on the climate change"?
The core is the “control center" of the strength and orientation of
the magnetic field of the Planet Earth (Geo-Dynamo-Effect). It is the sphere where our quadripartite climate driving system comes full circle (atmosphere, lithosphere, asthenosphere, core-mantle sphere). The geomagnetic field shields our habitat from extra- terrestrial impacts, e.g., cosmic rays and solar winds (see point 1)with consequences also on the climate (Brauer et al., 2008; Donadini et al., 2010; Korte et al., 2011; Svensmark et al.,2017; Liu et al., 2022). The North Pole is currently moving very fast towards Siberia at a speed of between 55 km to 45 km per year which by analogy with the geological past also leaves its imprints on the climate (Livermore et al., 2020).
But keep in mind “What did not suit cannot be true”. This is the slogan of all those who want to change the climate which has been changing for millions of years unaffected by human beings but impacted among others by the changing geo-magnetic field.
HGD
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What are the potential impacts of climate change on microbial communities and of microbes in improving environmental quality?
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Warming and physical changes to soil can affect nutrient availability and cycling by microbes, which will have unknown cascading effects on the environment. Microorganisms consume and produce the key greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, and N2O, which contribute to global warming. Increased levels of CO2 also induce the reproduction of microbes, resulting in excessive consumption of the nutrient, as well as iron and phosphorus, which are not abundantly found in the oceans. Carbon dioxide can also affect the biodiversity of keystone microbial species of the ocean ecosystem. Microbes are integral in food production. Some soil microbe’s aid in plant growth via their role in soil protection and fertilization, while others are destroyers of food, crops and livestock, and still others are direct producers of food through fermentation. As the temperature increases microbial community structures are altered and processes like respiration, fermentation, and methanogenesis are also accelerated.
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What are the causes of climate change and effects of climate change and relationship between climate change and displacement?
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Burning fossil fuels, cutting down forests and farming livestock are increasingly influencing the climate and the earth's temperature. This adds enormous amounts of greenhouse gases to those naturally occurring in the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect and global warming. Climate change impacts people inside their own countries, and usually creates internal displacement before it escalates leading people to cross borders. Therefore, UNHCR refers to 'persons displaced in the context of disasters and climate change' as this is more accurate.
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What is the role of microbes in maintaining temperature and does climate change affect the microbiome?
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Microbes are involved in many processes, including the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and are responsible for both using and producing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Microbes can have positive and negative responses to temperature, making them an important component of climate change models. Microbes play an important role in climate because they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when they eat. Bacteria and their main predators, protists, account for more than 40 times the biomass of all animals on Earth. As a result, they have a huge effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Climate change increases the activities of pathogens and heterotrophic microorganisms, shifting of beneficial microbes from one ecological niche to another. Precipitation is an important regulator of activities of plant and microbiomes.
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Why was it important to keep the growing microbes at a warm temperature and importance of microbes in climate change?
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In general, the higher the temperature, the more easily microorganisms can grow up to a certain point. Very high and low temperatures both obstruct the enzyme processes microorganisms depend on to survive. Microbes play an important role in climate because they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when they eat. Bacteria and their main predators, protists, account for more than 40 times the biomass of all animals on Earth. As a result, they have a huge effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Bacteria break down dead organisms, animal waste, and plant litter to obtain nutrients. But microbes don't just eat nature's waste, they recycle it. The process of decomposition releases chemicals that can be used to build new plants and animals.
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As the internet ecosystems seem to grow exponentially, would be interesting to learn more about the carbon footprint correlation. Concave? Linear? Fixed?
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In the anthropocene era where man is, there will be an environmental impact with a relevant carbon footprint. Therefore, these production and consumption actions must be minimized in terms of equivalent carbon emissions, or offset by capturing carbon from the atmosphere.
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Knowing this distribution provides a good chance to regulate crop planting date to be shorter than usual state to consume less water in order to be more adaptive in climate changes circumstances.
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Thanks a lot for all excellent answers 👌
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How is climate change affecting agriculture in Pakistan?
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Climate change is affecting not just rainfall intensity but also the amount of annual rainfall. Many parts of the country are receiving less than 250 mm rainfall per annum that requires further enhancement of farming and irrigation infrastructure including irrigation channels, canals, and dams for water storage. Pakistan falls in the geographical area where the productivity of crops will drop sharply. A study points out that in Pakistan climate change will decrease agricultural productivity by 8-10% till 2040 and wheat will be one of the major losers. The ranges and distribution of weeds and pests are likely to increase with climate change. This could cause new problems for farmers' crops previously unexposed to these species. Though rising CO2can stimulate plant growth, it also reduces the nutritional value of most food crops. Threat to coastal areas due to projected sea level rise and increased cyclonic activity due to higher sea surface temperatures; Increased stress between upper riparian and lower riparian regions in relation to sharing of water resources; Increased health risks and climate change induced migration. Cultivable land that is irrigatable is only Pakistan has 28 percent, compared to 80 percent in India. This is because of the lack of an efficient water management system and poor infrastructure. The management of crop production presents many challenges for Pakistani farmers, including the absence of soil testing on farms, the unavailability and poor quality of fertilizers, loss during harvest, a lack of warehouses, machinery, and equipment, and, above all, a deterioration in soil fertility. Pakistan ranks amongst the top of those nations where vulnerability index due to climate changes is very high. At present the country's GHG emissions are increasing at an annual rate of 6 % or 18.5 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents. Pakistan is responsible for less than 1 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions and yet is among the top 10 most vulnerable countries to climate change.
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Indicators like precipitation intensity, duration, geology, etc.
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first,you have measure the rain precipitation and the runoff or seeps into the groundwater, and then you can model the ralation between them.
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I am searching for relative information about Nestle's contribution on climate and the environment. I wonder if the company has ever done some negative or opposite to the goal of protecting the environment or if there is any strong evidence that shows they did what they promised. Thanks a lot!
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It should be fairly straightforward to look at their sustainability and climate change policies and then compare it with case studies or statistics on their actual actions. Sure, some of the information about the company is likely to be biased and factually skewed, but there is always at least a kernel of truth. See the links below.
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What is the relationship between sustainability and the green transformation of the economy to build a sustainable, zero-carbon, green circular economy?
The essence of sustainability derives from the study of sustainable, human-interference-free, biodiverse natural ecosystems of specific natural environments, which contain a wealth of species of flora, fauna and micro-organisms linked by many different ecological relationships. The ideas of sustainability are applied in developing the characteristics of sustainability in various aspects of human activity, the development of civilisation, various aspects of the economy, etc. The importance of the role of sustainability and its application in the context of economic development is growing in direct proportion to the scale of the increase in the negative effects of the development of human civilisation, which include the increasing scale of environmental pollution, the increasing scale of deforestation, the increasing scale of betonosis i.e. These include the increasing scale of environmental pollution, growing scale of deforestation, increasing scale of betonosis, i.e. urbanised areas and shrinking green areas in cities, growing emissions of greenhouse gases, accelerating greenhouse effect, accelerating global warming, growing scale of soil depletion, forest fires, weather anomalies and climatic and natural disasters, decline of biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems, etc. The aim is to reverse these negative processes, which have a negative impact on the environment. In order to reverse these negative processes and save as much of the planet's threatened biosphere as possible, it is necessary to carry out a green transformation of the economy on a multifaceted scale. In this respect, a system of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been defined within the framework of cyclical UN conferences on this issue and the global problems of climate change, which should be implemented on as large a scale as possible in order to reduce the scale of action and negative effects of unsustainable, intensive, rapid economic development within the framework of a predatory brown economy based on high scale exploitation of natural resources, including non-renewable natural resources, energy production mainly based on dirty fossil fuel combustion energy, increasing scale of environmental pollution, increasing scale of greenhouse gas emissions, negligible scale of secondary raw material use and recycling, accelerating global warming, rapid degradation of the biosphere, decline of biodiversity, etc. One of the key aspects of achieving a green transformation of the economy is to build a zero-carbon economy based on sustainable, zero-carbon, green energy, i.e. the development of renewable and zero-carbon energy sources. This is essential and should be realised in 100% by the end of this decade of the 2030s at the latest if the main strategic goal of international environmental and climate policy is to be met, i.e. to halt the global average global atmospheric temp. increase of max. 1.5 degrees C since the beginning of the first industrial revolution. This goal was defined and established for implementation at the UN conference on this issue, i.e. during the so-called Paris Agreement of 2015. Of course, the green transformation of the economy is a much more multifaceted process, in which all sectors and branches of the economy, many fields of human activity, many aspects of the development of civilisation, the ongoing development of energy, industry, agriculture, technological progress, etc. should be involved in practice. The green transformation of the economy should take place within the framework of a pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the classic growth, brown, linear economy of excess to a sustainable, green, zero-emission growth and closed loop economy, in which the implementation of the goals of sustainable development and increasing the scale of sustainability at the level of development of civilisation in relation to the surrounding environment should be strategically important objectives.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
What is the relationship between sustainability and the green transformation of the economy in order to build a sustainable, zero-carbon, green circular economy?
And what is your opinion on this?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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I suggest reading the paper "The green economy and sustainable development: an uneasy balance?"
The Green Economy is an alternative vision for growth and development that can generate economic development and improve people’s lives in ways consistent with advancing environmental and social well-being. One significant component of a green economy strategy is promoting sustainable technologies' development and adoption.
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Greetings to all the researchers around the world!
I have a few queries regarding climate change modeling. Any info regarding this would be highly appreciated.
  1. A few weather generators are widely used to generate daily weather data from monthly data. WGEN and MARKSIM are two of those. But as I recently found, WGEN is no more operational. The problem I am getting with MARKSIM is stated below. But before that, is there any other weather generator for the same purpose mentioned above?
2. As far as I understood, the MARKSIM version 1.1 asks for the .clx file to be given as input. I found the web link where I can generate the .clx file. I am providing the link below.
Is there any other option to generate the .clx file?
3. In the above link, data for IPCC AR5 can be provided. Is there any weather generator that is capable of working with AR6 datasets?
Please help. I really appreciate any help you can provide.
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LARS-WG is another weather generator and in many previous studies, researchers used it to simulate weather for the future based on CMIP6 or CMIP5.
This paper and related papers
were used LARS-WG to generate the weather.
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The environmental cost of plastic pollution refers to the negative impact that plastic waste has on the natural environment, including both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. This impact can take many forms, such as entanglement of wildlife, ingestion of plastic by animals, and disruption of food webs. Plastic waste can also contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, as well as soil and water pollution. The long-term effects of plastic pollution on the environment are still largely unknown, but they could have far-reaching consequences for ecosystems and human health. Addressing the environmental cost of plastic pollution requires a comprehensive approach, including reducing the use of single-use plastics, promoting recycling and waste reduction, and implementing policies to hold companies accountable for their environmental impact.
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The responsibility for the environmental costs of plastic pollution can be shared among multiple actors, including individuals, businesses, and governments.
Individuals:
Individuals are responsible for their plastic consumption and disposal practices. They can reduce their plastic footprint by using reusable bags, bottles, and containers, avoiding single-use plastics, and properly disposing of plastic waste.
Businesses:
Businesses play a significant role in plastic pollution by producing and packaging goods in plastic materials. They can reduce their plastic footprint by using sustainable alternatives to plastic, implementing circular economy models, and promoting responsible waste management practices.
Governments:
Governments can take regulatory action to address plastic pollution, such as implementing bans or taxes on single-use plastics, investing in waste management infrastructure, and promoting sustainable production and consumption practices.
Ultimately, addressing plastic pollution requires collective action from all stakeholders. It is crucial to raise awareness about the issue and encourage individuals, businesses, and governments to take responsibility and work together towards reducing plastic pollution's environmental costs.
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Which newspapers are the main distributors of climate-related content? The German market has been thoroughly screened and the compartmentalized clusters are striking. How big is the gap in the Anglo-Saxon media market?
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Since the Battle of Hastings, Anglo-Saxons ceased to exist, since the Normans conquered England and there has never been another invasion since :)
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Climate change is a major concern for the future which bad impacts already functioning by increasing natural calamities. But global climate change is a buzzword rather than work for climate adaptation, polar icebergs are melting, and natural forests are diminishing by destroying biodiversity, and ecological balance in the forest, wetlands, and sea. World leaders must be serious regarding climate economics, climate refuses and for adaptation policy that is climate resilience,
Voluntary work should include saving our future world by reducing carbon footprint, and CFC gas emissions,s and saving natural forests.
WHAT WE CAN DO MORE? HOW DO YOU LIKE TO CONTRIBUTE?
Picture: Internet
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A circular economy gives us the tool to tackle resource use, climate change and biodiversity loss while addressing important social needs by repairing, refurbishing, reintroducing, remanufacturing or recycling products, keeping them in the economy. The goal is to have very little to no waste. Traditional economic approach is linear, beginning from natural resource to final product and ultimately disposal. Extending the life of electronic products and re-using components benefits the economy by generating less CO2 emission compared to mining for raw materials or manufacturing. Functioning equipment is valued more than the materials they contain. E-waste no longer becomes a waste or pollutant when it is put back into the economy in a useful format...
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My PhD research is: Future research of food industry businesses in the context of climate change - what model do you suggest for me to implement?
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I suggest using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA): This model can be used to assess the sustainability of different food production and distribution systems by evaluating multiple criteria such as environmental impact, economic viability, and social equity.
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Why do grasslands have high resilience and why is it so important that we protect sea grass meadows for mitigating climate change?
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Grasslands store the bulk of their material underground, in roots that can reach as far as 20 feet deep. This unseen physical presence is how they can store a lot of carbon—about a third of all carbon stored on land and remain resilient to fire and other ecological disturbances. By sequestering carbon and protecting shorelines, sea grass can help communities mitigate and adapt to climate change. Healthy sea grass meadows are a nature-based solution to many threats facing coastal waters and communities, including climate change. Sea grass communities are one of the most productive and dynamic ecosystems. They provide habitats and nursery grounds for many marine animals, and act as substrate stabilizers. Sea grass meadows are important as they provide sheltered refuges and feeding areas for prawns and juvenile fish.
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How do mangroves and sea grasses contribute toward mitigating climate change and seaweed farming that could help fight climate change?
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Seaweed aquaculture can significantly reduce excess nitrogen flowing into coastal waters, while replacing synthetic fertilizers with biostimulants made from seaweed would reduce the amount of nitrogen entering the ocean from agricultural sources. The major industrial applications of seaweeds are as a source of agar, agarose and carrageenan used in laboratories, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, cardboard, paper, paint and processed foods. Seaweed just as important as mangroves for carbon storageshown that sea grass and mangroves count for up to half of the carbon stored at the bottom of the sea, which has been taken out of the atmosphere. The seaweeds create forage and refuge habitat for commercially important fish and diversity of marine life. Seaweeds also act as a sponge soaking up what's in the water. These marine plants could potentially be cultivated to reduce heavy metals and other coastal pollutants. As it grows, seaweed absorbs carbon from the water around it. When used in animal feed, some seaweed have helped to reduce methane produced by livestock. If seaweed can be farmed at scale, there is the potential for meaningful local impacts. The humble seaweed has attracted serious attention as a potential solution to restore the climate due to its remarkable ability to absorb carbon dioxide the primary greenhouse gas contributing to climate change. One of mangroves' biggest strengths lies in their ability to capture and store carbon. The muddy soil that mangroves live in is extremely carbon-rich and over time the mangroves help to not only add to this store of soil by capturing sediment but hold it and the carbon in place. The mangrove ecosystem also supports an incredible diversity of creatures including some species unique to mangrove forests. They provide habitat and refuge to a wide array of wildlife such as birds, fish, invertebrates, mammals and plants.Although mangroves make up less than one per cent of all tropical forests around the world, they have a critical role in mitigating climate change. Mangrove soils are highly effective carbon sinks, locking away large quantities of carbon and stopping it from entering the atmosphere. Two key adaptations they have are the ability to survive in waterlogged and anoxic (no oxygen) soil, and the ability to tolerate brackish waters. Some mangroves remove salt from brackish estuarine waters through ultra-filtration in their roots.
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Hello everyone,
I am currently working as a sustainability data scientist, and I'm intending to conduct independent research at the intersection of climate change and machine learning. I am highly proficient in data analysis, visualization, time series forecasting, supervised machine learning and natural language processing. Furthermore, I have substantial knowledge in the domains of climate change, biodiversity and sustainability in general. Here are a few examples of my past work:
In case you are interested in collaborating, I encourage you to leave a comment or message me. Thanks you for taking the time to read this post!
Regards,
Giannis Tolios
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Hello all,
I'm interested in collaborating on coupling machine learning and metaheuristics to deploy robust ML solutions for environmental problems. We are currently working on river stream flow, air quality, and solar radiant time series dataset. It would be nice to join efforts to build innovative methods or apply existing ones in new datasets that challenge ML approaches.
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Energy is at the heart of the climate challenge – and key to the solution. A large chunk of the greenhouse gases that blanket the Earth and trap the sun’s heat are generated through energy production, by burning fossil fuels to generate electricity and heat.
Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and gas, are by far the largest contributor to global climate change, accounting for over 75 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions and nearly 90 percent of all carbon dioxide emissions. The science is clear: to avoid the worst impacts of climate change, emissions need to be reduced by almost half by 2030 and reach net-zero by 2050. To achieve this, we need to end our reliance on fossil fuels and invest in alternative sources of energy that are clean, accessible, affordable, sustainable, and reliable. Renewable energy sources – which are available in abundance all around us, provided by the sun, wind, water, waste, and heat from the Earth – are replenished by nature and emit little to no greenhouse gases or pollutants into the air. Fossil fuels still account for more than 80 percent of global energy production, but cleaner sources of energy are gaining ground. About 29 percent of electricity currently comes from renewable sources.
source: Renewable energy – powering a safer future | United Nations
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Climate change is a complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach to address. There are several challenges and potential solutions related to minimizing pollution and exhaustion of fossil fuel supplies impacting climate change, some of which are outlined below:
Challenges:
  1. Dependence on fossil fuels: The global economy is heavily reliant on fossil fuels, which make up the bulk of the world's primary energy supply. This dependence on non-renewable sources of energy has led to the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change.
  2. Lack of political will: Despite the growing recognition of the need to address climate change, political will to implement effective policies and regulations is often lacking or inconsistent, which limits progress.
  3. High cost of renewable energy: While renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower are becoming more cost-competitive, they still require significant investment and can be more expensive than traditional fossil fuels in the short term.
Solutions:
  1. Transition to renewable energy: Shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is essential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change. This requires a significant investment in research and development, as well as the implementation of policies and regulations that incentivize the use of renewable energy.
  2. Energy efficiency and conservation: Reducing energy consumption through energy-efficient buildings, appliances, and transportation can also help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
  3. Carbon capture and storage: Technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) can help to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by capturing it before it is emitted and storing it underground or in other locations.
  4. Investment in sustainable transportation: Encouraging the use of electric vehicles, public transportation, and active transportation such as cycling and walking can also help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
  5. Collaboration and international cooperation: Climate change is a global issue that requires international cooperation and collaboration. Encouraging partnerships between countries and investing in international initiatives such as the Paris Agreement can help to mitigate the effects of climate change.
Overall, addressing the challenges associated with climate change will require a concerted effort from governments, businesses, and individuals. By implementing a range of solutions, we can work towards a more sustainable future for our planet.
You can refer to more in this paper
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Where is the threshold of existence for the local species? Which ones can adapt to a potentially steam sauna-like ecosystem?
Interested in good research about the tipping points of the most relevant species around the equator?
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If the humidity level is too high, plants cannot get rid of the water vapour, which stops the evaporation process and affects their growth. And each plant species has a suitable temperature range. Within this range, higher temperatures generally promote shoot growth, including leaf expansion and stem elongation and thickening. However, temperatures above the optimal range suppress growth :)
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I am looking for the freshwater discharge data of Volga river for the recent years. It seems that the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) provides estimates of freshwater discharge in one of its projects. Do you know how can I access this dataset?
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Hi Harish,
Thanks for your reply. But it seems that the link is broken. Did you check this website address recently?
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How can we reduce the scale of predatory forestry, improve forest management processes and plans, systematically improve forest management so as to simultaneously preserve natural forest ecosystems and protect forest animals, many of which are already endangered, and increase the atmospheric uptake of CO2 by forest ecosystems, reduce the planet's greenhouse effect and slow down accelerating global warming?
International Day of Forests, which is celebrated annually on 21 March and was established by the UN General Assembly on 28 November 2012, is an opportunity to reflect on the systemic improvement of forest management in order to simultaneously preserve natural forest ecosystems, enhance the protection of biodiversity, the biosphere and the planet's climate. The celebration of the International Day of Forests aims to raise human awareness of the importance of forests for humans, including the crucial importance of forests in the context of protecting the planet's climate and biosphere. Taking into account the protection of the planet's climate, biosphere and biodiversity of natural ecosystems, it is urgently necessary to transform rabid forest management into rational, pro-climate and pro-environmental forest management. Forest management carried out within the framework of rational, pro-climate and pro-environmental forest management should be carried out in such a way that natural multi-species forest ecosystems are restored as much as possible instead of monocultures of homogeneous stands. When monocultures of forests based on a small number of tree species or even with the dominance of a single tree species are carried out, the incidence of various viral, fungal diseases and tree pests increases significantly. In addition, monocultures dominated by coniferous species are much more prone to the appearance and development of forest fires during the summer season. Tree monocultures are also unfavourable for the coexistence and development of many forest animal species that are found in natural, multi-species forest forests and primeval forests. Unfortunately, in terms of pseudo forest management, archaic forest management practices of monocultures based on a few tree species are still in use, which also causes a significant decline in the biodiversity of natural ecosystems. Accordingly, forest management should pursue rational, pro-climate, pro-environmental, biodiversity-sensitive forest management instead of commercial-oriented predatory management. In addition, forest management plans should respect the principles of nature conservation, protection of rare and endangered species of fauna and flora, protection against the felling of old trees, protection of the biodiversity of natural ecosystems, etc., which is also important in the context of the scale of CO2 absorption from the atmosphere, and is therefore an additional factor in limiting the scale of the ever-increasing greenhouse effect and the global warming process.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
How can we reduce the scale of the applied predatory forest management, improve forest management processes and plans, systemically improve the conduct of forest management so as to simultaneously take care of the state of natural forest ecosystems and protect forest animals, many of which are already endangered, and to increase the scale of CO2 uptake from the atmosphere by forest ecosystems, reduce the scale of the planetary greenhouse effect and slow down the increasingly rapid global warming process?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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As always, preserve habitat and endemic species, reduce anthropogenic damage and eliminate exotic pests, both plant and animal :)
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Climate change has greatly impacted on Agricultural Production and Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. What can be done? (Mitigation and Adaption Practices)
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Now there are so many technology invented for deserted cultivation. Israel is deserted but many cultivation there. You should follow that technology.
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What are the mitigation strategies to manage the impact of climate change and its effects on crop production in India?
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Mitigation strategies include retrofitting buildings to make them more energy efficient; adopting renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and small hydro; helping cities develop more sustainable transport such as bus rapid transit, electric vehicles, and biofuels; and promoting more sustainable uses of land and a 2.5 to 4.9 degrees Celsius increase in temperature across the country could lead to a decrease of 41%-52% in the wheat yield, and 32%-40% in rice. There are four common risk mitigation strategies. These typically include avoidance, reduction, transference, and acceptance. Climate Change Mitigation refers to efforts to reduce or prevent emission of greenhouse gases. Mitigation can mean using new technologies and renewable energies, making older equipment more energy efficient, or changing management practices or consumer behavior. Erecting buildings and infrastructure that is safer and more sustainable. Replanting forests and restoring damaged ecosystems and diversifying crops so that they are better able to adapt to changing climates. Investigating and developing innovative solutions to prevent and manage natural catastrophes. Irrigation is vital for vegetation in the lack of rainfall, and water supply should be sufficient to ensure stable plant development. Nonetheless, improved irrigation systems and drip or tape irrigation, in particular, help farmers to provide necessary moisture with reduced water spend.
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What are the links between the climate crisis and the ecological crisis, i.e. the unfolding crises and human-induced acceleration of civilisation in the ongoing Anthropocene epoch?
The era of accelerated development of civilisation, significantly accelerating the scale of matter processing, production processes, the scale of environmental pollution, consumption of renewable and non-renewable natural resources, greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, etc. is referred to as the Anthropocene epoch, the Great Acceleration and Ecological Catastrophe has been taking place primarily since the mid-20th century. The term Anthropocene has not yet been introduced into the history of the development of planet Earth by geologists, but this is likely to happen soon. In the Anthropocene epoch, humans are increasingly transforming the biosphere into the technosphere. However, the scale of consumption of non-renewable raw materials is steadily increasing. The stocks of biodiverse forest areas that absorb part of the CO2 emitted by humans are continuing to decline rapidly. The supply of clean drinking water is also declining in increasingly large areas inhabited by humans. On the other hand, the scale of waste separation and recycling is still negligible and does not even compensate for a significant part of the consumption of raw materials and hardly reduces the level of waste pollution. The scale of the ongoing green transformation of the economy, including the implementation of a pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the classic growth, brown, linear economy of excess to a sustainable, green, zero-emission growth and closed loop economy is still too small to significantly reduce the level of greenhouse gas emissions, reduce the level of environmental pollution, implement reforestation processes and counteract the accelerating process of global warming is too small. It is essential to integrate a key aspect of the circular economy into the green transformation of the economy, i.e. the concept of zero growth consisting of zeroing out economic growth. This zeroing of economic growth should be implemented in a multi-faceted and multi-year perspective. It is not about zeroing economic growth in the short term (a few months) or in the medium term (a few years), i.e. as a periodic slowdown in economic growth occurring cyclically, within business cycles of several years during economic crises. It is about permanently resetting the rate of economic growth with the recognition of this issue as a key factor in a circular economy. Consequently, the economics of economic growth should be changed into the economics of zero growth, i.e. according to the concept of zero growth already known for several decades but not applied. An important issue of the Anthropocene epoch is also the rapidly progressing and human-induced extinction process of many species of flora and fauna referred to as the great 6th extinction in the history of the development of life on the planet. Consequently, the scale of the loss of biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems is progressing rapidly. Paradoxically, the great extinction of millions of species of flora and fauna was caused by just one species of living organisms - homo sapiens. Paradoxically, homo sapiens, which is responsible for this, is widely acknowledged to be the most intelligent species of life forms found on planet Earth. On the other hand, it is assumed that 99 per cent of the species that have lived on Earth over the last 3.5 billion years are extinct or have evolved into other species. But it is extremely difficult to estimate both the number of species and the duration of their existence for those of many millions of years ago and in the context of the evolutionary process. However, an extremely paradoxical and sad all at once process taking place in the Anthropocene epoch is that the acknowledged most intelligent single species of life form on Earth, which is homo sapiens, due to its robbery, combustion economy and rapid development of civilisation based on unlimited greed and disrespect for the surrounding nature, is causing the degradation of both the climate and the biosphere of the planet. Therefore, what has recently been described as a climate crisis should be studied, described, etc. in connection with the ecological crisis determined by the rapidly progressing process of deforestation, degradation of the biosphere, pollution of the natural environment, extinction of many species of flora and fauna life forms and, as a consequence, a rapidly decreasing level of biodiversity of the natural ecosystems of the planet Earth. Thus, the main negative effects of the development of a predatory, combustion-based civilisation and the key attributes of the Anthropocene epoch include not only a climate crisis but also an ecological crisis. The human-induced crises can thus be collectively referred to as the climate-ecological crisis. These crises should be considered, studied, analysed, described, etc. together because there are many relationships between them, synergistic processes, analogous and mutually influencing. By analogy, the process of a future climate catastrophe, which may already occur at the end of this 21st century if man does not manage to bring about a complete green transformation of the economy by 2030, should also be studied, analysed, projected, described, etc., in conjunction with the loss of biodiversity, the degradation of the biosphere, the extinction of species, etc., and thus the ecological catastrophe of the planet. By combining these issues, it is therefore possible and necessary to study, analyse, forecast and describe the future climatic-ecological catastrophe of the planet. If this catastrophe occurs in an extremely negative scenario then the Anthropocene epoch will be over.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
What are the links between the climate crisis and the ecological crisis, i.e. the developing crises and those caused by the acceleration of civilisation in the ongoing Anthropocene epoch?
What do you think about this?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Warm regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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In my opinion the climate crisis and ecological crisis are closely linked through complex feedback loops that impact both natural and human systems. The impacts of the climate crisis on ecological systems are extensive and include changes in temperature, precipitation, and the timing of seasonal events. These changes can alter the range, distribution, and abundance of species, disrupt ecosystems, and exacerbate existing ecological stressors such as habitat destruction and pollution. Conversely, the ecological crisis also has significant impacts on the climate system through deforestation, pollution, and over-exploitation of natural resources. Strategies to mitigate and adapt to the climate crisis must account for the impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity, and vice versa.
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Can I find someone who has information about the " 2nd Global Summit on Earth Science and Climate Change "(Adv. ESCC 2023)" conference ? Is it a real international conference? Has anyone ever participated in the first edition?
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and $845 registration fee for speakers doesn't sound serious...
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What are the reasons why it is so hard to completely degreenhouse the agricultural sector?
What is the yearly minimum level in the next decades in billion tons in GHG to expect?
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Agricultural GHG emissions significantly contribute to global warming, accounting for about 10–12% of total anthropogenic GHG emissions1. These emissions mainly come from methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) produced by livestock enteric fermentation, manure management, rice cultivation, synthetic fertilizer use, and biomass burning. Reducing agricultural GHG emissions is essential to limit the global temperature rise to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
improving farming practices could reduce agricultural GHG emissions by about 20% by 2050 compared with business-as-usual scenarios. Some of the measures that could achieve this reduction include using controlled-release or stabilized nitrogen fertilizers, adopting precision agriculture technologies for variable rate application of fertilizers and pesticides, increasing crop yields through improved seeds and irrigation, and reducing food loss and waste along the supply chain
Therefore, it is possible to downsize agricultural GHG emissions in the next decades by applying various technical and behavioural solutions that can enhance the sector's productivity, resilience, and efficiency. However, achieving this goal requires concerted efforts from multiple stakeholders, including farmers, consumers, policymakers, researchers, and private-sector actors
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Which is the most promising, apart from forestry projects?
Will wide private adaption occur at a projected break-even monetary level?
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Thank you very much for sharing your views on this topic. What is your take on whether CCUS will have its disruptive moment in the next 10 years?
Where is China in CCUS technology?
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Why are the results of scientific research, including the UN IPCC reports on the role of humans on the sources of the accelerating global warming process, being ignored under populist, opportunistic, dirty combustion energy sector-backed economic policies, including pseudo-climate policies?
Published in March 2023, the new report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of UN scientists summarises the previous 6 IPCC reports produced and published between 2018 and 2022. These reports have involved a huge amount of scientific work, many thousands of scientific papers have been examined. Thousands of scientific reviews were produced, in which around 100,000 different aspects, comments etc. were included and reviewed. The analysis shows, among other things, that more than 99 per cent of the scientific papers support the thesis that human civilisation has led to a significant and accelerating increase in greenhouse gas emissions since the beginning of the first industrial revolution, which has become a key factor in the increasingly rapid process of global warming. Studies and estimates show that 2.5 trillion tonnes of CO2 have been released into the atmosphere since the mid-19th century, with half of this amount entering the atmosphere in the last three decades. It has been estimated that 3.5 billion people are at risk of serious negative impacts from the ongoing global warming process. According to the results of the study, the processes of green transformation of the economy should be significantly accelerated, including the rate of decarbonisation of economic processes. without this acceleration, the strategic goal of global climate policy established during the Paris Agreement in 2015, which is to limit the scale of the increase in the temperature of the planet's atmosphere to max. 1.5 degrees C since the beginning of the first industrial revolution, i.e. since the 17th century. In order for this goal to be realistically achievable, it is necessary to significantly accelerate the implementation of the green transformation of the economy, so as to halve CO2 emissions by 2030 at the latest and achieve total zero-emission of the economy by 2050. Unfortunately, the populist, opportunistic economic policies supported by the dirty combustion energy sector, including pseudo-climatic policies, continue to ignore the results of scientific research, including the UN IPCC reports on the role of man as regards the sources of the increasingly rapid process of global warming.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
Why are the results of scientific research, including the UN IPCC reports on the role of man regarding the sources of the accelerating process of global warming, being ignored in the framework of populist, opportunistic, dirty combustion energy sector-supported economic policies, including pseudo-climate policies?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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What are the adaptation strategies for climate change in agriculture India and can agricultural systems be adapted to reduce the impact of climate change?
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Agriculture could be more resilient to climate change impacts through new technology or by diversifying crops on farms. The common agricultural adaptation strategies used by farmers were the use of drought resistant varieties of crops, crop diversification, changes in cropping pattern and calendar of planting, conserving soil moisture through appropriate tillage methods, improving irrigation efficiency, and afforestation. Agroforestry systems are an important tool for climate change adaptation in agriculture. Emissions from food production could be reduced by encouraging healthier diets, reducing food waste, and changing farming and land management practices. The effects of climate change on agriculture can result in lower crop yields and nutritional quality due to drought, heat waves and flooding as well as increases in pests and plant diseases. The adaptation strategies such as heat- and water stress-tolerant crop varieties, stress-tolerant new crops, improved agronomic management practices, improved water use efficiency, conservation agriculture practices and improved pest management, improved weather forecasts, and other climate services are in place to place. Climate change further poses a challenge to food security challenges with its influence on food production, costs, and security. Excessive heat or shortage of water can impede crop growth; reduce yields, and influence irrigation, soil quality, and the ecosystem on which agriculture depends. As trees grow, they help absorb and sink the carbon that would otherwise contribute to global heating. Trees use sunlight energy to do photosynthesis – a process that uses carbon dioxide and water to create energy for their cells. A part of the potential yield losses can be offset by farming practices, such as rotating crops to match water availability, adjusting sowing dates to temperature and rainfall patterns, and using crop varieties better suited to new condition.
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I am seeking professional input on addressing climate change. In my work, I have seen decades of debate or hesitation of buy in by financial markets to actually address the main problem at play: the anthropogenic over-production of carbon dioxide and destruction of planetary carbon sinks. When we address this anthropogenic problem we say human-caused climate change or global warming or climate crisis. So far, despite saying we need to change, little action, especially in finance, takes place, especially on the scale needed. Often, the problem itself is too confusing and too large of a problem to really tackle a solution that is obvious and measurable.
My scope of work is looking at changing the common vernacular use of climate change to address the exact problem at hand: the anthropogenic over-production of dissolved CO2 gas into the atmosphere and destruction of planetary carbon sinks. The goal is to call that Global Carbon Crisis vs. what we have been calling it with confusion, climate change. After all, climate change has been an ongoing, natural process since the advent of polar ice caps.
The additional piece I am looking to address is the effective measurability which is already an infrastructure in place, called the Global Carbon Index. Essentially measuring a specific location CO2 production by contrast to overall global production at time of measurement.
What I am hoping to accomplish is a discussion if climate change to address this real problem should be used any more and why or why not. Also, to discover if fellow researchers feel this work is warranted to develop a systematic means to solve this difficult problem to assist buy in with financial incentives by using a defined unit of measure, the Global Carbon Index, to incentivize or discourage current production.
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It would be fair and important, but I do not really visualize how such a distinction could be made. The causes are separate (natural vs. anthropogenic), but the effects are not; and we can only measure this additive effect.
For instance: Permafrost melting frees up methane that is an over 20 times worse greenhouse-gas, than CO2. Based on satellite telemetry, reasonable estimates exist on how much methane is emitted to the atmosphere from the melting permafrosts. But nobody is able to tell whether the melting itself is due to natural, or anthropogenic causes.
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Scarcity is on the horizon. Where are the major conflicts between food and alcoholic beverages in conjunction with receding agricultural crop production?
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Thank you for sharing your view Utkarsh.
Thought about water, biodiversity, and less fertile land availability on the competition side.
Probably there is a symbiotic positive factor as well.
Something hidden like economies of scope in food system applications.
Not an expert which is why I am inquiring.
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Some volcanoes can send particles and water to the Mesosphere, as Tonga in 2022. The consequences are much more complicated than imagined
this paper is talking about it
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thanks
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Which beverages have the lowest carbon footprint per alcoholic intensity?
Including carbon leakage and downstream Scope 3.
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How does agricultural impact the environment and modern agricultural practices helpful in reducing crop loss due to climate change?
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Any province's crops are essential to the world's food supply. Crop productivity may be significantly impacted by variations in temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, and severe weather. Warmer weather may promote crop development on the one hand, yet the same temperature may result in lower yields. Under warmer circumstances, crops tend to develop more quickly. Faster growth, however, shortens the time it takes for some crops, like grains, to grow and mature, which can lower yields (i.e., the quantity of crop produced from a given amount of land).
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What is the effect of climate change on agriculture and solutions and can agricultural systems be adapted to reduce the impact of climate change?
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Sadly, the negative effects of climate change, such as rising temperatures, droughts, more severe weather, sea level rise, and increased carbon dioxide levels, are making it much harder to produce more food by reducing both the amount and quality of our food supply. Agriculture contributes to and is a cause of climate change, but it is also a component of the solution. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and aid in the storage of carbon, agricultural practices must be modified. Ecosystems that are controlled by agriculture are also vital socioeconomic issues for humans. Therefore, it is crucial to implement sustainable agricultural practices that not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also promote biodiversity and protect natural resources. By doing so, we can ensure food security for future generations while mitigating the impacts of climate change on our planet.
In this regard, it is crucial to consider human response to appreciate and quantify the effects of climate change on agriculture and food supply. All in all, agricultural systems are dynamic, and producers and consumers must constantly adapt to changes in crop and livestock yields, food prices, input costs, resource availability, and technological innovation. Within this perspective, research and events on the physical and financial impacts of climate change on agriculture around the world have been included in this literature survey in chronological order. In addition, it is important to address the social and economic impacts of climate change on agriculture, particularly for small-scale farmers, who are often the most vulnerable. Therefore, policies and programs should be implemented to support these farmers in adapting to the changing climate and improving their livelihoods. It is crucial to take a holistic approach when addressing the impacts of climate change on agriculture, considering not only the physical and financial aspects but also the social and economic implications. This requires a collaborative effort between policymakers, researchers, and farmers to develop effective strategies for adaptation and resilience building in the face of climate change.
To maintain productivity in a changing environment, improved cultivars such as those that mature earlier and are more tolerant of heat and drought must be developed. It is highly likely that by implementing such adaptation strategies, production will rise in conditions of moisture stress and high temperatures. Although increased agricultural yields have been achieved as a result of higher atmospheric CO2 levels, this has also diminished the nutritional content of foods. Lower agricultural yields and nutritional value may also be a consequence of changes in pests, plant diseases, and weeds brought on by the climate. They are more drought and waterlogging tolerant and use less fertilizer and pesticide. Decreased chemical inputs help to safeguard nature, making adaptive species a successful strategy for combating climate change and agriculture.
Due to drought, heat waves, flooding, an increase in pests and plant diseases, and decreased food yields and nutritional quality, climate change's effects on agriculture may reduce crop yields. Many adaptation techniques, including crop types that can withstand heat and water stress, stress-tolerant novel crops, improved agronomic management techniques, increased water usage efficiency, conservation agriculture practices, enhanced pest control, and other climate services. With its impact on food production, pricing, and security, climate change further complicates issues with food security. Water scarcity or excessive heat can hinder crop development, lower yields, and have an impact on irrigation, soil quality, and the ecology that supports agriculture.
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Happy for controversial input on the topic of trade under climate change constraints as carbon markets are heterogenous and local.
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Nice speculative lyrics Mehmet. Agree pretty much that the old economists were actually deeply ingrained natural philosophers.
Something that has gone lost in the specialization process.