Clean Energy - Science topic

Many houses in Poland require thermomodernisation. There are more than 6 million single-family homes in Poland, 60 per cent of which are not low-energy, do not have an insulated façade. "Energy vampires" account for 16 per cent. This results in high losses of heat and electricity, higher CO2 emissions into the atmosphere and higher costs of paying for heating the home. In this way, energy losses will be reduced and less energy will be produced, less fossil fuels will be burned, smog will be reduced, air quality will be improved and premature deaths of citizens caused by poor air quality will be reduced. This is particularly important in an archaic energy system such as the one we have in Poland, where, because of the energy policy pursued in recent years of deliberately slowing down, restricting and blocking the development of renewable and emission-free sources of energy, three quarters of electricity and three quarters of even more heat is still generated on the basis of burning coal and lignite. Thanks to the environmental policy of the European Union, of which Poland is a member, something is finally beginning to change in a positive direction. Poland is also beginning to join the process of the green transformation of the energy sector, the construction industry, etc., but this is still progressing too slowly because of the leadership of the so-called 'united right' government, i.e. the PIS team and Solidarna Polska, which are deliberately slowing down the process of the green transformation of the economy as much as they can. In doing so, they are pursuing an anti-climate, anti-environmental and consequently anti-social policy as well. The energy certificate provides information about the energy performance of a building. It is required when constructing a new building and when selling it. The introduction of the requirement for an energy certificate in Poland is due to new EU directives, as in Europe one third of greenhouse gas emissions are generated by high-energy buildings. By taking measures to speed up the process of thermo-modernisation of buildings and replacing high-emission energy sources, i.e. replacing coal-fired cookers, the so-called 'kopciuchy', with renewable and emission-free energy sources, there will be a significant reduction in the carbon footprint of buildings, a reduction in energy consumption, an increase in the level of energy security, an improvement in air quality, a reduction in the scale of air pollution and also an increase in the scale of implementation of the strategic objectives of climate and environmental policy. The importance of the issue of enhancing energy security has increased in the context of the 2022 energy crisis. This crisis was particularly profound in a country such as Poland, where, due to the government's blocking and slowing down of the green transformation of the energy sector for many years, including blocking (e.g. wind power since 2016) limiting the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources (e.g. solar energy from April 2022, biofuel-based energy, geothermal energy), failure to undertake the construction of alternative, low-carbon, high-security energy sources (e.g. nuclear and hydrogen energy) electricity and even more thermal energy is still produced on the basis of archaic, dirty fossil fuel combustion energy, mainly coal and lignite combustion. With the thermal modernisation of buildings and also the replacement of coal-fired cookers with renewable and emission-free energy sources, energy-efficient, sustainable low-carbon construction is being developed. This process is counted among the key elements of the green economy transformation process. Carrying out the green economy transformation process aims to build a sustainable, green, zero-emission closed loop economy, which is the most important impact factor for protecting the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems. Well, the faster and more efficiently this green transformation of the economy is carried out, the more the progressive process of global warming will be slowed down and the less global climate catastrophe will occur in the future.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What is your opinion on the subject?

What do you think about this topic?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

I have described the key issues concerning the green transition of the economy in the following article:

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

2025 11th International Conference on Energy Materials and Environmental Engineering (ICEMEE 2025) will be held on June 13-15, 2025 in Qingdao, China.

The topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to:

1. Energy

· Renewable Energy

· Renewable Energy Systems

· Clean Energy Utilization

· Clean Energy Conversion

· Clean Energy Development

· Multiphase Heat Transfer

......

2. Environmental Engineering

· Water Resources Management

· Soil Remediation

· Solid Waste Management

· Prevention of Air Pollution

· Climate Change

· Wastewater Discharge Management

......

3. Materials

· Green Materials and Sustainable Development

· Development and Application of Green Materials

· Degradable Materials

· Recycled Materials

· Innovation of Biodegradable Materials

......

After 2-3 experts of the organizing committee strictly audited the contribution of the conference, all the final papers will be officially published in the form of conference proceedings. After the publication, the publishing house will submit them to EI Compendex, Scopus and other databases for retrieval.

Full Paper Submission Date: May 31, 2025

Registration Deadline: June 6, 2025

Final Paper Submission Date: June 6, 2025

Conference Dates: June 13-15, 2025

Please send the full paper(word+pdf) to Submission System:

100 large internal combustion transport ships emit as much CO2 as a million internal combustion cars. Transport ships are already being built that are equipped with alternative, lower- or zero-emission energy sources and modern sails, in addition to high-emission internal combustion power. Unfortunately, power supply based solely or mainly on such emission-free energy sources such as solar energy based on installed photovoltaic panels is currently used only on small ships, catamarans, boats, etc. On large transport ships, both passenger and cargo ships, this type of power supply can be a supplementary power supply to provide the ship with electricity used in some of the on-board equipment. Besides, technologies are being developed to power transport ships with low-carbon biofuels, nuclear or hydrogen power. However, regardless of the type of power supply used to generate electricity and/or energy to power the engines that drive the ship's turbines, it is almost always also possible to use modern sailing structures, which will be an additional source of energy based on the most traditional source of energy that enables the movement of sea vessels, which is wind energy. In addition, modern sails can also be covered with photovoltaic panels, so they can also significantly increase the area on which the said panels are installed and thus will also be a source of electricity.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

I have described the key issues related to the ongoing process of global warming, its negative effects and, consequently, the need to increase the scale and accelerate the implementation of the green transformation of the economy, climate protection, and the protection of the biosphere and biodiversity of the planet in the following article:

In the following article, I present the results of my research on the relationship between sustainable development, the origins and significance of the Sustainable Development Goals, and the essence of sustainable development in the context of social, normative, economic, environmental, climate and human rights aspects, among others. The research also addressed key determinants of human existential security as an element of the concept of sustainable development.

And what is your opinion about it?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In my opinion, the development of hydrogen power, despite its potential in energy transition, faces numerous systemic, infrastructural, technological and social constraints. One of the most important challenges is the cost of producing hydrogen, especially so-called green hydrogen, which is produced by electrolysis of water using renewable energy. The high cost of both the technology itself and renewable energy currently makes green hydrogen more expensive to produce than gray hydrogen, which is derived from fossil fuels and involves carbon dioxide emissions. The solution to this problem may lie in the development and scaling of electrolyzer technology and increasing the availability of low-cost renewable energy, which requires significant public and private investment and regulatory support.

I have described the key issues of the green economy transformation issue in the following article:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The group of technologies widely considered to be “clean energy” include hydropower, geothermal, solar, wind, nuclear, bioenergy (at least in some circumstances), and even some extremely nascent technologies like ocean wave power. These energy sources are “clean” with regard to climate change because—unlike fossil fuels—when they produce energy they do not emit greenhouse gases, the type of pollution that is warming our planet. The most important of these gases is carbon dioxide (CO2), so “clean” technologies can more precisely be referred to as low-carbon or carbon-free.

Clean energy technologies are in many ways very di

Dear colleagues,

I hope this message finds you well.

I am pleased to invite your valuable contribution to an ongoing collaborative research initiative titled “The Impact of Women's Educational Inequality and Economic Vulnerability on Household Clean Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in the European Union.”

This study seeks to deepen our understanding of how gender-based disparities—particularly in income, education, and employment—shape household energy choices and carbon emissions across the 27 EU member states. We especially welcome researchers who have investigated related topics or have a strong interest in gender, energy justice, and environmental sustainability.

Preliminary results, based on Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) estimations and panel data from 2013 to 2023, highlight the important role of women’s socioeconomic conditions in influencing both household clean energy consumption (HCEC) and per capita CO₂ emissions (CO₂e/cap). Key findings include:

These insights underscore the need for gender-inclusive approaches in climate and energy policy across the EU.

We are currently preparing a full article based on these findings and are inviting interested collaborators to contribute to the following sections:

Should you choose to participate, I will provide detailed guidance on content, structure, and formatting to ensure consistency across the article.

If you are interested in contributing, please send an email to matheus.koengkan@ij.uc.pt, indicating which section you would like to work on.

Please don’t hesitate to reach out if you have any questions or need further information. Your insights would be highly valuable, and we would be delighted to collaborate with you on this important research.

Looking forward to hearing from you.

Warm regards, Dr. Matheus Koengkan Email: matheus.koengkan@ij.uc.pt University of Coimbra

An important attribute of a modern agglomeration developed in accordance with the green smart city model is also the consideration of low greenhouse gas emissions, minimization of energy and resource consumption, minimization of the agglomeration's negative impact on the environment, on the surrounding biosphere and climate. Accordingly, agglomerations developed according to the green smart city should also become increasingly low-emission, energy-intensive and more neutral to the planet's biosphere and climate.

Urban development taking place according to the green smart city concept should also take into account the sustainable economic development of the urban agglomeration, which takes into account the principles of green economic transformation, the circular economy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and maximizing the issue of self-sufficiency in energy and food production. In terms of achieving energy self-sufficiency, the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources can be helpful. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved not only through the development of renewable and zero-emission energy sources, but also by insulating the facades of existing buildings to reduce energy intensity, and through the development of means of transportation within the framework of public urban transportation, taking into account electromobility and hydrogen-powered transportation. On the other hand, achieving self-sufficiency in food production can be helped by vertical vegetable and fruit crops created in abandoned office buildings and factory halls, as well as in new multi-story buildings created specifically for this purpose.

In addition to this, an important issue in achieving zero-carbon cities is to take into account the carbon footprint of not only the built housing blocks, office buildings, market halls, shopping centers, factory halls, public administration and public service buildings, etc., but also the greenhouse gas emissions emitted during the construction of the said housing developments, buildings, office buildings, halls, etc. As a result, there will probably be more than once issues to be resolved regarding the choice of less-emitting options, in which one will have to choose either to revitalize, insulate the exterior façade, install photovoltaic panels, etc. on existing buildings, or rather to demolish them and build new ones in their place, in which more modern construction, energy and material technologies, etc. will be used, ensuring greater durability, lower emissions and energy efficiency or even zero-energy efficiency of the new buildings.

In order to reduce the negative impact of urban agglomeration on the biosphere, it is essential to build wastewater treatment plants for rivers leaving the cities, and to establish water purification systems for ponds, lakes and other water bodies located in the city area or its suburbs. In order to reduce emissions, improve air quality, increase humidity and reduce air temperature, it is essential to create additional urban parks and other green areas. In the situation of limited space that can be allocated for the creation of additional green areas, urban parks, flower meadows, etc., an optional solution is the creation of many so-called pocket parks, i.e. parks and other green areas occupying small areas, which were created after removing parts of previously too extensive created concrete sidewalks, asphalt roadways, paved with concrete cubes squares, etc.

In view of the above, sustainable, modern urban agglomerations developed according to the green smart city model with the application of Industry 4.0 technologies, including Big Data and artificial intelligence technologies, should also be developed in accordance with the concept of sustainable economic development, the principles of green economy transformation, circular economy, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, development of urban parks and other green areas, self-sufficiency in energy and food production, environmental and climate social responsibility, etc.

Key aspects of the negative effects of the progressive process of global warming and the associated necessary acceleration of the processes of green transformation of the economy in order to decarbonize the economy, slow down the process of global warming, protect the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems I described in the article:

I described the applications of Big Data technologies in sentiment analysis, business analytics and risk management in my co-authored article:

I described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear researchers, scientists, friends,

This question concerns the choice between two strategies: investing in the development of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind or geothermal energy, which can provide clean energy in the future, and promoting measures to reduce energy demand by improving energy efficiency in industry and households. For the purposes of this discussion, I have formulated the following research thesis: investing in the development of renewable energy technologies will be more effective as part of the green transformation of the economy. On the other hand, promoting energy efficiency and reducing energy demand will be more effective as part of the green transformation of the economy. Therefore, the development of renewable energy sources is crucial to meet the growing demand for clean energy, but it requires huge investments in infrastructure and can involve challenges related to energy storage. Improving energy efficiency, on the other hand, can bring quick and less costly results, but its impact on long-term emission reduction may be limited without changing the very structure of energy production. Both approaches are important, and their effectiveness may depend on their combination and mutual support.

I have summarised the key issues concerning the green transformation of the economy in the following article:

What is your opinion on this matter?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

This question looks at how educators can structure STEM-based PBL projects that align with specific Sustainable Development Goals (e.g. clean energy, responsible consumption, climate action) to deepen students' understanding of global sustainability challenges and their role in addressing them.

According to the results of research conducted on this issue, it appears that the spread of hydrogen power as the basis of modern, emission-free energy requires both profound technological and systemic changes. One key aspect is the development of hydrogen production technology, particularly the green version of hydrogen, which is based on the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power, for the electrolysis of water. Currently, most of the world's hydrogen production comes from processes that emit significant amounts of carbon dioxide, such as steam reforming of natural gas. In order for hydrogen to be considered a truly carbon-free fuel, it is necessary to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of electrolysis technology, as well as significantly increase the share of renewable energy in the energy mix.

I have described the key issues concerning the problems of the ongoing process of global warming, the negative effects of this process and, therefore, the need to scale up and accelerate the implementation of the green transformation of the economy in the following article:

And what is your opinion about it?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

I would like to invite you to join me in scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

For the first time ever at the end of July 2024, more energy was generated in the European Union from renewable energy sources than from fossil fuels. This fact may suggest that due to rapidly developing renewable energy sources, the European Union may achieve zero-carbon of its economy much sooner than 2050. However, the structure of energy sources, including renewable, zero-carbon and emission-based, fossil-fuel-burning energy sources, varies widely across the European Union. Also, the pace of development of individual renewable and emission-free energy sources, the scale of financial investment and the large-scale use and implementation of new green energy technologies and eco-innovation varies considerably across the European Union. On the one hand, in Norway, for example, almost all of the energy generated comes from renewable energy sources. On the other hand, in Poland, since the beginning of the systemic and economic transformation, since 1989, for more than 3 decades financial subsidies were provided from the state's public finance system mainly to the fossil fuel extraction sector and the energy sector based on the combustion of these fuels. As a result, today in Poland, almost 3/4 of the electricity and even more of the thermal energy is still generated from dirty combustion energy based mainly on burning hard coal and lignite. In addition, hard coal mining in Poland within the framework of deep, highly methane mines, especially deep seams for many years is no longer profitable and generates additional costs for the state's public finances. It should be added that 90 percent of coal burned in the European Union to heat homes, apartments, etc. is the share of Poland alone against the background of the aforementioned European Union. And, for example, in Germany, which has a much more developed renewable and emission-free energy sector, for many years housing cooperatives have been generating thermal energy to heat apartments, entire housing estates from renewable energy sources, such as using heat pumps powered by electricity generated from photovoltaic panels. So Poland has a lot of work to do in terms of green energy transition. Unfortunately, the plan to build the first nuclear power plant is once again being postponed by the next government in Poland to an undefined and distant future.

I described the key aspects of a closed-loop economy, including a green, sustainable economy, in my article:

In the following article, I included the results of the research I conducted on the connection of the issue of sustainable development, the genesis and meaning of the Sustainable Development Goals, the essence of sustainable development in the context of social, normative, economic, environmental, climate, as well as human rights aspects, etc. The research also addressed the issue of key determinants of human existential security as an element of the concept of sustainable development.

I invite you to familiarize yourself with the issues described in the publications given above and to scientific cooperation in these issues.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What do you think about this topic?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Have you read this article?

2024 9th International Conference on Advances in Energy and Environment Research (ICAEER 2024) will be held on September 20-22, 2024 in Shanghai, China.

The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

◕ Air Pollution and Prevention

· Carbon emission control and treatment

· Emission Control of Power Station Boiler Flue Gas

· Emission control of industrial boiler and kiln flue gas

· Purification of industrial waste gas

· Exhaust gas treatment of coal and oil combustion

......

◕ Clean Energy and Energy Storage Technology

· Solar Energy Engineering

· Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation System

· Wind Energy Engineering

·  Clean Energy Generation Technology

· Energy Storage Technology

......

All accepted and registered papers will be published by Springer Nature-Environmental Science and Engineering (ISSN: 1863-5520), which will be submitted to EI Compendex, Scopus for indexing.

Full Paper Submission Date: September 4, 2024

Registration Deadline: September 15, 2024

Final Paper Submission Date: September 17, 2024

Conference Dates: September 20-22, 2024

Please send the full paper(word+pdf) to Submission System:

Is a low carbon development market a green market model?

If yes;

Is low carbon development a win-win sustainable development model?

If yes;

Is low carbon development a green growth based market model?

If yes;

Is low carbon development a win-win economy-environment partnership model?

If yes.

Then, sustainable development a la low carbon is a green markets/green growth based model.

Therefore, if they believe this why not to say openly that to ensure environmental sustainability as per goal 7 of the Millenium Development Goals(MDGs) we have to implement sustainable development strategies(e.g. low carbon) through green market based green growth?...

If they believe that, then why to use low carbon development sometimes, sustainable development sometimes, green growth sometimes, and green markets sometimes in any document coming from the UN institutions related to this file or agreements like the 2015 Paris Agreement giving the impression that they are not closely related concepts, but the same?. Why not to minimize confusion?

Fusion Power Plants - The Future of Clean Energy

#FusionEnergy #CleanEnergy #SustainableFuture #EnergyRevolution

The structure of the energy mix of various energy sources is determined by a number of factors. On the one hand, these are historical factors, technological, geographic, natural, economic conditions, etc. On the other hand, these are the determinants arising from a certain adopted energy policy, including taking into account the implementation of the goals of sustainable development, the principles of green transformation of the energy sector, social climate and environmental responsibility, and taking care of prospective future energy security. Taking into account the aforementioned determinants, there is a non-uniform structure of the energy mix of various energy sources in different countries. Taking into account the mentioned energy policy issues, the structure of the energy mix of various energy sources should be constructed in such a way that the national energy system, on the one hand, is characterized by independence from various factors and a high level of energy security, and, on the other hand, should also be in line with the green transformation of the economy and the implementation of sustainable development goals. In Poland in recent years, in terms of renewable energy sources, photovoltaic was the most significant in the structure of the share of installed capacity. Wind power came second, hydroelectric power was third, followed by biomass and biogas power plants. Unfortunately, still more than 70 percent of electricity and even more thermal energy is generated in Poland in conventional thermal power plants powered by coal or lignite. Successively from year to year, as part of the progressive green transformation of the energy industry, the share of various types of renewable energy sources in the energy mix of energy sources is steadily increasing.

I described the key issues of the green transformation of the economy, including the green transformation of the energy sector, in my article below:

I invite you to discuss this important topic for the future of the planet's biosphere and climate.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Only about 13.5 percent of renewable energy in 2023 was generated from windmills in Poland. This is the largest share of all types of renewable energy sources in Poland. If the government of the so-called “united right”, i.e. the government composed mainly of right-wing PIS political options, which was functioning in Poland in 2015-2023, had not blocked the development of onshore energy in Poland in 2016, this share could now be several times higher, energy prices much lower, the security and energy independence of the Polish energy sector would have stood at a much higher level. But the PIS government, which was acting at the time, preferred to support the development of dirty coal power. Paradoxically, since 2016, the production of electricity from wind or solar was already perceptibly cheaper compared to the production of energy generated by burning fossil fuels, including, for example, coal and lignite. And in the following years this trend steadily deepened. In this way, the PIS government acted not only anti-economically but also anti-climatically, anti-environmentally and anti-socially. Besides, this kind of energy policy contradicts the European Union's climate and environmental policy, the EU's New Green Deal. Unfortunately, not much has changed on this issue since 2023. The new political option, which won the parliamentary elections on 15.10.2023 in large part thanks to the slogans applied during the election campaign of significantly increasing the scale of implementation of the processes of green transformation of the economy, including the protection of nature, climate and biodiversity of natural ecosystems, changing the robbery pseudo-management of forests to sustainable pro-environmental forest management, increasing the scale of afforestation, reducing the robbery felling of trees and old-growth forests, increasing the areas of strict protection of natural biodiverse ecosystems, etc. unfortunately, still does not implement the election promises made to citizens, voters. The development of renewable energy sources will probably accelerate in the coming years in connection with the relatively highest compared to renewable energy and rising prices of energy produced from burning coal, and in connection with the fact that additional financial subsidies from the European Union within the framework of the National Reconstruction Plan are finally appearing in Poland, which are mainly intended according to the guidelines of the European Union for the continuation of green energy transformation processes implemented in accordance with the EU Green Deal. Thanks to this, the process of green energy transformation which is one of the key segments of the process of green transformation of the economy is being implemented at all although on a relatively small scale, but at some pace.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In recent years, energy prices in Poland have been rising rapidly, which has been mainly due to the dominance of dirty combustion energy in the energy mix of energy sources, low expenditures on the modernization of the infrastructure of energy transmission networks and the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources, and the still ongoing practice of allocating large financial subsidies from the state's public finance system to maintain economically unviable deep coal mines and combustion energy installations. When energy prices are high, one of the negative consequences of this is higher costs for industrial production and for offering services. Thus, by high energy prices, industries in a certain country become less competitive with industries in other countries. For example, high energy prices in Poland, which are caused by the archaic structure of energy sources mainly based on dirty combustion energy, cause a decrease in the competitiveness of Polish industry in relation to the industry of the US and China, where green, pro-climate and pro-environmental investments in energy and other sectors of the economy are being developed on a large scale. In this economic race for the smooth implementation of the green transformation of energy and other sectors of the economy, those countries that will be the first and on the largest scale to implement the process of green transformation of the economy will win, then thanks to this the price of energy in these countries will quickly fall, industries will become more competitive in terms of production and cost, and in these countries industry will develop to the greatest extent and these countries will win economically in the 21st century. If the process of green transformation of energy and other sectors of the economy is not significantly accelerated in the next few years, the industry in Poland will become even more uncompetitive with the industry of China, the US and other countries in the future. The result will be a slowdown in the country's economic development and, in the next few years, perhaps a serious economic, financial and debt crisis in the state's public finance system. However, if the economic policy in Poland is appropriately modified and the issue of green energy transformation is seriously considered in it, then in the perspective of the next few years there should be a significant decline in energy prices, industrial production costs will fall and domestic industrial production will become more competitive, which will be an important element of effective economic development.

The key issues of the problematic sources of Poland's exceptionally deep energy cross in 2022 are described in my co-authored article below:

Key aspects of the green transformation of the economy as an important segment of building a green, sustainable economy are described in my article:

I invite you to familiarize yourself with the issues described in the publications given above, as well as to scientific cooperation in these issues.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion about it?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I suppose there have been questions of this kind, but I do not know how to find them. (Maybe somebody can tell me.)

A task: to transport one ton (1000 kg), at the distance of 100 km, by sped of 100 km/h.

How much pollution is produced, and how much energy is spent to perform this (or similar) task by: (1) steam locomotive, (2) electrical car?

In case (2), the pollution must include the production and decommissioning of batteries, as well as the fact that most electricity is produced by fossil fuels (such as coal). The consumption must include all the losses of energy in transformations, from the power plant to batteries, and from the batteries to electrical engines in the car.

Clean vehicles are surely good for cities, but I do not know how good they are for the planet.

I ask because such an irrational situation exists in the country where I operate. In my opinion, in a situation of rising energy prices and the need to accelerate the processes of green transformation of the economy, the shutdown of power plants based on photovoltaic panels by the large dominant power companies that produce energy mainly from the combustion of coal and lignite other sources of energy, including mainly the cheapest and emission-free production of electricity, not adopting a periodic increase in energy production generated from the sun and wind, so as not to reduce energy production from dirty, high-emission coal-burning power plants is not moral, socially and environmentally ethical, not in line with sound climate policy and not in line with human rights. The key problem with climate, environmental and energy policy is that it is not conducted fairly. Instead, it is conducted haphazardly, shortsightedly, unstrategically and is politicized in the negative sense of the word. Despite the fact that most of the mining sector, coal and lignite mines, companies in the energy sector and the country's largest fuel and energy company, which holds more than 90 percent of the domestic market share in the sale of motor fuels, are state-owned companies and could carry out in an efficient, comprehensive and strategic manner the process of green energy transition, they unfortunately do not do so. There are many indications that climate, environmental and energy policies are being conducted haphazardly and short-sightedly. The full synergy and correlation that should occur between these policies is missing. Unfortunately, economic aspects are also not key, as they are mixed with political aspects, in which the economic calculus is not treated as a principled factor, and this is in addition to the high level of indebtedness of the state's public finance system and the growing level of the budget deficit in the central state budget. The government has pledged to implement the green transformation of the economy in accordance with the European Union's Green Deal plan. The country receives subsidies from the European Union for the implementation of this plan, including subsidies from the National Reconstruction Plan, which should be allocated mainly to efficiently carried out green investments to carry out the green transformation of the energy industry and achieve the goal of building a sustainable, emission-free energy industry in the shortest possible time. However, this is not happening. Onshore wind power development is still administratively and normatively largely restricted. On sunny, cloudless days and when the wind is blowing, additional energy is generated from already installed photovoltaic panels and wind farms, which is not collected from prosumers by large power companies due to unsuitable transmission networks. Besides, the dominant power companies in the market do not collect clean energy from the mentioned RES sources in order not to reduce the production of energy generated by the conventional method of burning coal and lignite. In addition, the dominant energy companies are lobbying in the political sphere to restrict the development of RES and are causing restrictions on the process of issuing permits for citizens to make further connections to the power grid of prosumer wind turbines and/or photovoltaic installations built by citizens. In addition, there is another extension of the start of construction and implementation of the project to build the first nuclear power plant in a country where the energy industry still relies 3/4 on conventional energy production, i.e. on the basis of burning fossils, much of which is imported, there are situations of energy shortages and eggs to buy from abroad, and the quality of air due to the dominance of combustion energy in the heating season is among the worst in Europe. On the basis of my research, I conclude that this activity is immoral, socially and environmentally unethical, does not comply with climate policy and is not compatible with human rights. Confirmation of the aforementioned thesis is provided by the results of the research I described in my publications given below.

In the following article, I have included the results of the research conducted on the connection of the issue of sustainable development, the genesis and meaning of the Sustainable Development Goals, the essence of sustainable development in the context of social, normative, economic, environmental, climate, and human rights aspects, etc. The research also addressed the issue of key determinants of human existential security as an element of the concept of sustainable development.

HUMAN SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

The key issues of the problematic sources of Poland's exceptionally deep energy cross in 2022 are described in my co-authored article below:

POLAND'S 2022 ENERGY CRISIS AS A RESULT OF THE WAR IN UKRAINE AND YEARS OF NEGLECT TO CARRY OUT A GREEN TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In April 2024, the European Union reached a historically record level of 33.8 percent share of clean energy. Wind and solar power dominated this share in terms of RES energy generated. There is still a high level of variation across countries in the European Union in the share of clean energy based on renewable and zero-emission energy sources.

In Norway, for example, the share of clean energy from RES is as high as 98 percent on average, while in Poland it is only 27.1 percent. In April 2024, only about one-third of the energy generated in the European Union came from dirty energy based on combustion power, where energy was generated from burning fossil fuels, mainly coal, lignite and gas.

In April 2024, Poland, too, saw a historically record amount of energy generated from RES at 30 percent of the total energy mix. Solar and wind power dominated this 30 percent of renewable and carbon-free energy sources. From wind it was half of this 30 percent. However, due to insufficient investments made over the last few decades of time in the development of transmission grids, much of this energy generated from wind and solar, i.e. from the cheapest sources of energy and at the same time clean, emission-free energy, was not accepted by power companies from prosumers and simply went to waste. Since there are large losses of produced and unused energy from RES sources, it means that the investments made earlier in the development of emission-free and renewable energy sources are also partially wasted. In Poland, the large power companies dominating the energy sector, which still generate energy mainly through combustion power from burning coal and lignite, invest too little in the development of transmission networks and storage facilities for the energy generated. However, thanks to the financial subsidies unblocked by the European Union, also granted to Poland as part of the National Economic Recovery Plan after the pandemic economic crisis of 2020, it will be possible to accelerate the processes of green energy transformation. A large part of the European Union countries have already benefited from these subsidies for 2 years.

I have described the key issues concerning the problems of green transformation of the economy in the following article:

The key issues of the problematic sources of Poland's exceptionally deep energy cross in 2022 are described in my co-authored article below:

I invite you to familiarize yourself with the issues described in the above-mentioned publications, as well as to scientific cooperation in these issues.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In recent days (end of May 2024) in the country where I operate, weather aura conditions have been favorable for the production of clean energy generated mainly through renewable and emission-free energy sources. Accordingly, it was reported that a record amount of clean, emission-free energy was generated in Poland on 27.5.2024 from renewable and emission-free energy sources, including mainly photovoltaics and wind. It's just a pity that much of this energy has gone to waste, as the dominant companies in the energy market have for many years ignored the need to invest in the development of transmission grids and storage facilities for energy from new photovoltaic and windmill installations put up on rooftops by prosumer citizens. Paradoxically, however, the share of renewable and zero-emission energy in the overall energy mix in Poland is still relatively low, amounting to only about 1/4 of the energy source mix, as a result of years of subsidizing from the state's public finance system the development of dirty combustion energy based on the generation of energy from the combustion of fossil fuels while blocking and restricting the development of RES. Paradoxically, when the development of onshore wind energy was blocked in Poland in 2016, it was already clear from a number of analyses and studies conducted in various research centers operating in different parts of the world that since the middle of the 2nd decade of the 21st century, clearly the cheapest energy is wind and solar energy, and the most expensive energy production is dirty combustion energy based on burning coal and lignite. Since the middle of the 2nd decade of the 21st century, the aforementioned gap between steadily, year by year cheap photovoltaic technology and other energy eco-technologies, cheap RES energy production and more expensive energy produced from burning fossil fuels has been growing steadily. This issue is particularly important because there may be further energy crises in the future, such as those that occurred in the 1970s and in 2022. The demand for electricity production will also grow in the future. Paradoxically, the ongoing process of global warming will also contribute to an increase in energy demand in the future. The various types of projects, processes and activities that are being launched to reduce the scale of the negative effects of the progressive global warming process, such as the production and use of refrigeration equipment, equipment for obtaining clean water in the situation of increasingly frequent periods of drought, desalination of seawater, in addition to the development of electromobility, etc., will consume large amounts of additional energy, which is already starting to run out at times. In the context of these aggravating problems, there is a growing importance of systems and instruments to help and/or facilitate the management of energy production and use, taking into account the optimization of production from specific, different types of energy sources, under conditions of changing weather and climatic conditions and the existing structure of different energy sources, including renewable and non-renewable, sustainable and combustion, emission-free and emission-free energy, etc., within a specific, occurring mix of energy sources in the country. The various different energy sources are significantly different in terms of various determinants, which include varying levels of variability in energy production caused by objective external factors, e.g. changes in weather conditions, significant variation in the necessary financial outlays that are incurred in the investment processes for the construction of a particular type of power plant or electric and/or thermal power plant, variation in the period of implementation of investment projects for the construction of power plants generating energy within the framework of renewable or non-renewable energy sources, local and national natural and geological conditions conditioning the possibility of building a particular type of power plant, variation in the economic and technological development of the country, equipment of the financial system with financial capital that can be applied to support the development of investments in the energy sector, etc. In view of the above, new ICT and Industry 4.0/5.0 information technologies, including but not limited to generative artificial intelligence and Big Data Analytics technologies, may prove helpful in optimizing energy production under different types of energy sources and optimizing the investment processes carried out within the power sector. The research shows that new technologies of artificial intelligence and Big Data Analytics can help optimize the production and use of energy generated from various energy sources within the existing specific structure of the mix of energy sources in the national energy sector, as well as optimize investment processes for the construction of specific types of power plants, energy-generating power plants, investments in the development of transmission networks, energy storage, etc. The key issue, therefore, will be how the integrated information systems built from modules equipped with the aforementioned new technologies will be designed and built so that the processes of optimizing the level of energy production from certain different sources operating within the national energy source mix; optimizing energy transmission, consumption and storage; and optimizing the investment processes in which various investment projects for the construction of power plants and energy-generating power plants within different types of energy sources are implemented simultaneously.

I described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:

I described the applications of Big Data technologies in sentiment analysis, business analytics and risk management in my co-authored article:

I described the key issues concerning the problem of green transformation of the economy in the following article:

The key issues of the problematic sources of Poland's exceptionally deep energy cross in 2022 are described in my co-authored article below:

I invite you to familiarize yourself with the issues described in the above-mentioned publications and to scientific cooperation in these issues.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Unfortunately, this is still the case in many countries, that the political lobbying by large fossil fuel burning energy companies to maintain the status quo continues to limit or block the possibility of rapid development of green, clean, prosumer energy, where energy is generated from renewable and emission-free energy sources on the basis of small power plants based on photovoltaic technology, windmills, etc. built by citizens or companies striving for energy independence. Prosumers of electricity, i.e. citizens and companies that, for example, install photovoltaic panels on their homes, property buildings, company office buildings, on the one hand, are a kind of small energy producers and consumers. Typically, large energy companies, through political lobbying, have established an obligation to connect prosumer mini-generators that produce energy from specific renewable and/or zero-emission energy sources to transmission grids operated by large, dominant energy companies, often with monopolistic practices. The obvious point is that excess energy produced by prosumers, once discharged into transmission grids managed by large power companies, can be used by other energy consumers. However, when large power companies are treated as second-class entities in the financial settlement of the energy produced by prosumers and discharged into publicly available transmission networks, when in the aforementioned settlement they do not receive the financial equivalent of the energy produced at the same rates that are applied to them when they buy energy from large power companies, it may be in the interest of prosumers who are treated unfairly in this way to become independent of these large, dominant power companies. In addition, the problem is exacerbated by the frequent situations in which large, dominant companies in the energy sector, energy corporations are very slow to implement, or do not implement at all, green energy transition processes and continue to generate energy from burning fossil fuels. Thus, in spite of the constantly cheap photovoltaic and other renewable energy technologies, in spite of the much cheaper production of energy from RES against conventional combustion energy, the processes of green energy transformation are still progressing too slowly, greenhouse gas emissions are still high and the process of global warming is still progressing rapidly. The solution to the above problem would be the introduction of legal regulations that would allow energy prosumers to function in a kind of closed circuit independently of the influence of large energy corporations with possible simultaneous connection to electricity transmission networks managed by the aforementioned large energy corporations that dominate the energy sector. The aforementioned connection to the transmission networks of prosumer RES installations would provide the possibility of draining the periodically generated surplus energy, so that there would be an opportunity to transfer this energy to other energy consumers who do not have their own RES installations and/or who, for specific reasons, have a periodic energy deficit. Besides, this type of solution could significantly generate a decrease in energy prices on the one hand and increase the level of national energy independence and energy security on the other. In a situation where a significant proportion of energy prosumers, i.e., citizens and companies operating in various energy sectors and industries, would have their own energy sources operating under different types of renewable and zero-emission energy sources, a large diversity in the mix of different energy sources would also, on the one hand, be an important factor in energy security. On the other hand, thanks to this solution, the process of green transformation could, in real terms, significantly accelerate.

For example, in Poland in recent years, green energy based on photovoltaics is mainly developed by citizens, prosumers, individual customers, who are at the mercy of large, dominant energy companies managing transmission networks. The travesty of this solution is that these large energy companies have lobbied for the introduction of regulations according to which prosumer photovoltaic installations and other mini RES power plants must be connected to the aforementioned power transmission grids, while these grids are mostly built many years ago on the basis of already outdated technologies and are unable to accept surplus energy from prosumers when the sun suddenly sets and the wind blows a little stronger than usual. Recently, there have also been situations in which the authorities set up for this purpose have slowed down the processes of issuing approvals for new connections to the transmission grid of successively created by prosumers photovoltaic and/or other mini RES power plants. The paradox of the situation that has arisen is also that many entrepreneurs in various industries and sectors of the economy are interested in becoming energy prosumers in order to build photovoltaic and/or wind energy-based power plants near their company or enterprise, but the problems mentioned above are the reason why still few entrepreneurs choose to do so. Another paradox is that financial subsidies are available, including grants from the National Recovery Plan for the development of prosumer RES power plants, but the aforementioned problems are a key factor inhibiting the possibility of accelerating the realization of the green energy transition, in which prosumer RES-based power plants could account for a large share. From surveys conducted among entrepreneurs running their companies and/or businesses in various sectors and industries of the economy, that they would be willing to become prosumers of energy generated from their own RES power plants, and would thus be eager to change their business by greening it, by increasing the scale of application of sustainable development goals, by adding the idea of green business to the company's mission, as it is known that the pro-climate, pro-environmental, pro-environmental awareness of citizens, i.e. customers of their product and/or service offerings, is constantly growing.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

The key issues of the problematic sources of Poland's exceptionally deep energy cross in 2022 are described in my co-authored article below:

I invite you to familiarize yourself with the problems described in the publications given above and to scientific cooperation in this field.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

IEEE 2024 5th International Conference on Clean Energy and Electric Power Engineering (ICCEPE 2024) will be held in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China on August 9-11, 2024.

The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

◕ Clean energy

(1) Renewable energy technologies and systems

(2) Renewable energy storage technology

(3) Energy efficiency

(4) Solar thermal energy

(5) Solar seawater desalination

......

◕ Power Engineering

(1) Electric power allocation

(2) Power flow analysis

(3) Power quality

(4) Cogeneration and distributed generation

(5) Power system and energy

......

◕ Smart Grid and Energy Science

(1) Distributed generation and combined generation system

(2) Energy management and environmental issues

(3) Hybrid power system

(4) Hydraulic power plant

(5) Hydrogen system and fuel cell

......

All papers, both invited and contributed, the accepted papers, will be published in IEEE(ISBN: 979-8-3503-9031-5) and submitted for inclusion into IEEE Xplore subject to meeting IEEE Xplore's scope and quality requirements, and also submitted to IEEE Xplore, EI Compendex and Scopus for indexing. All conference proceedings paper can not be less than 4 pages.

Full Paper Submission Date: June 24, 2024

Registration Deadline: July 25, 2024

Final Paper Submission Date: August 5, 2024

Conference Dates: August 9-11, 2024

Please send the full paper(word+pdf) to Submission System:

Imagine the WCED 1987 would have set only one sustainable development goal, closing the renewable energy technology gap to make renewable energy a permanent substitute of non-renewable energy as soon as possible and address pollution production head on by transitioning out of dirty economies.

Imagine 2012 RIO +20 would have made only one goal to support the implementation of green markets, to set up a system around implementation, financing, and monitoring of the closing of the renewable energy technology gap in each country as soon as possible to address pollution reduction head on by making pollution reduction a profit-making opportunity.

Imagine the 2015 Paris agreement had only one goal implemented in a socially friendly manner, to close the renewable energy technology gap as soon as possible to lead the dirty economy behind and stop providing benefits to those making money from dirty development.

Instead, attention has been placed on managing the consequences of pollution production markets which keeps renewable energy as a permanent complement and send dirty markets under permanent dirty market failure.

And this raises the question, should making renewable energy a permanent substitute be a clear and practical SDG goal?

What do you think?

Due to economic development, including the development of energy-intensive industries and services, the demand for electricity is gradually increasing.

In addition, the development of electromobility is becoming an important factor in the growth of electricity demand. With the developing economy becoming a knowledge-based economy, an information economy, an economy in which the scale of implementation of new ICT, Industry 4.0/5.0, including the development of data centers using Big Data Analytics, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, Blockchain, etc. is growing rapidly, then in addition, the demand for energy is also growing rapidly. Another factor that is already increasing and will continue to increase the demand for electricity in the future is the process of ongoing global warming resulting in increased use of cooling equipment. On the other hand, the pace of energy development, including, first and foremost, energy that meets the guidelines of climate policy based on renewable and emission-free energy sources is not sufficient.

As a result, the energy deficit gap is growing every year, and will unfortunately continue to grow in the coming years unless appropriate reforms are undertaken and the green transformation processes of the energy sector are accelerated. In addition, the importance of this issue is particularly high in countries where types of energy sources such as nuclear power are underdeveloped or not developed at all is particularly important. Nuclear power is the type of energy sources that can act as an intermediate stage in the process of green transformation of the economy involving the replacement of conventional energy sources based on the combustion of fossil fuels with fully emission-free, climate and environmentally clean energy sources. In addition, countries where, for geographical, natural and geological reasons, it may be difficult to develop certain types of renewable energy such as limited opportunities for the construction of hydroelectric power plants due to the small scale of diversity in terms of terrain, few rivers and certain geological reasons, have a difficult situation in the implementation of the process of green transformation of the economy. A significant further factor not conducive to reducing the scale of the growing energy deficit gap may be the unreliable, short-sighted, haphazard, non-strategic energy, climate and environmental policies, in which there are even situations of limiting and/or blocking the development of certain types of renewable and carbon-free energy sources. An example is the blocking of the development of onshore wind energy in Poland in 2016 through the introduction of Law 10h, resulting in a strong increase in coal imports and a significant slowdown in the green energy transition. The result is that Poland's energy production is still significantly dominated by conventional power generation based on the combustion of fossil fuels, mainly coal and lignite, which accounts for more than 70 percent of Poland's total energy production. Paradoxically, even this relatively small share of RES power generation can, under favorable natural and climatic conditions, provide more than the usual amount of energy, much of which is wasted because it is not accepted by the dominant power industry, including government-controlled energy companies functioning as state-owned companies. The argument that is given by these large power companies to this anachronistic, irrational situation is the years-long lack of investment in the development of electricity transmission networks. Paradoxically, over the past 3 decades of time, most of the funds coming from the state's public finance system have been allocated to subsidizing unprofitable coal and lignite mines and maintaining the power plants where the aforementioned coal is burned.

The reason that in the past the development of renewable and emission-free sources of energy has been limited and even blocked is that nowadays there are more and more absurd situations of sorts, where during sunny and windy weather from prosumers, photovoltaic panels and household wind turbines installed by citizens on the roof of their homes, there is an above-average increase in electricity production, but all the energy generated is not used by energy companies due to the lack of adequately developed infrastructure of transmission networks and the lack of established energy storage facilities, batteries, a significant part of the energy generated from RES goes to waste, and in other months it happens to buy energy from other countries, when there is a periodic shortage of energy due to the growing demand for energy. The paradox and economic irrationality of this situation also lies in the fact that energy prices are steadily rising, and the cheapest sources of energy generated from wind and solar power are too slowly being developed.

As a result, energy policy, and also climate and environmental policy, in the country where I operate is being conducted chaotically, strategically and short-sightedly. The guidelines of the European Union's Green Deal are largely ignored, and this is despite the available financial subsidies from the European Union, which should be allocated to the green transformation of the energy sector. In addition, subsidies for combustion power generation based mainly on coal and lignite continue to dominate, which translates into high energy prices, poor air quality and the postponement of the implementation of the plan to build a sustainable, green, zero-emission closed-loop economy, an essential element of which is to build a zero-emission power industry based on RES.

In addition, there is almost no research, analysis and implementation work on new innovative energy technologies such as those based on hydrogen power technology, cold fusion technology, etc.

I am conducting research in this area. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

The key issues of the problematic sources of Poland's exceptionally deep energy cross in 2022 are described in my co-authored article below:

I invite you to study the problems described in the above-mentioned publications and scientific cooperation in this issue.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The clean energy transition (CET) is central to the reversal of the challenges posed by climate change. However, many African countries do not have the funds needed to accelerate the clean energy transition, hence the need to leverage private finance through FDI. However, attracting the necessary FDI for CET is hampered by the nature of the African business environment, particularly the absence of regulatory alignment. The AFCTA's key objective is the establishment of uniform regulations and standards, thereby fostering a predictable, stable, and transparent business environment.

Since the implementation of the AFCTA, has there been a noticeable shift in the African business environment? If not, what factors are responsible for this?

Can we stop global climate change? Does human scientific power reach the world's climate change? What is the response of the researchers?

As you know, humans are very intelligent and can predict the future climate of the world with hydrology, climatology and paleontology. But don't countries, especially industrialized countries, that produce the most harmful gases in the earth's atmosphere and think about the future of the earth's atmosphere? Do they listen to the research of climatologists? What would have to happen to get them to listen to climate scientists?

Miloud Chakit added a reply

Climate change is an important and complex global challenge, and scientific theories about it are based on extensive research and evidence. The future path of the world depends on various factors including human actions, political decisions and international cooperation.

Efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change continue. While full recovery can be challenging, important steps can be taken to slow progression and lessen its effects. This requires global cooperation, sustainable practices and the development and implementation of clean energy technologies.

Human scientific abilities play an important role, but dealing with climate change also requires social, economic and political changes. The goal is to limit global warming and its associated impacts, and collective action at the local, national, and international levels is essential for a more sustainable future.

Reply to this discussion

Osama Behnas added a reply

Global climate change is impossible to stop. Human scientific power cannot reach the climate changes of the world.

Borys Kapochkin added a reply

Mathematical models of planetary warming as a function of the argument - anthropogenic influence - are wrong.

Alastair Bain McDonald added a reply

We can stop climate change, but we won't! We have scientific knowledge but no political will. One can blame Russia and China for refusing to cooperate, but half of the US population (Republicans) deny that climate change is a problem and prefer their promiscuous lifestyles to the answer:

All climate change is loaded on CO2 responsible for the greenhouse effect. Therefore, scientific experiments from several independent scientific institutions around the world should be conducted to determine what the greenhouse effect is at different concentrations of CO2. Then, a conference of a reputable and professional organization with the participation of all independent scientific bodies should be held to establish standards on CO2 concentrations and propose policy measures accordingly.

The second action that can be taken is to plant as many trees and plants as possible to breathe CO2 and release oxygen. Stop any deforestation and immediately plant trees in any tree-filled areas.

Lucy George added a reply:

We have the knowledge, tools and resources to ensure a livable and sustainable future for all. Carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases are major contributors to global warming. Therefore, reducing greenhouse gas emissions is very important and should be done as soon as possible to achieve zero greenhouse gas emissions. Both forests and oceans play an important role in regulating our climate, so increasing their natural ability to absorb carbon dioxide can also help prevent global warming.

Reply to this discussion

Ilan Kelman added a reply:

Yes, we can address and stop human-caused climate change. See extensive details in the full technical reports of ipcc.ch

Mohamed Sarmoum added a reply:

I think it is difficult to stop global climate change, but, on the other hand, we can develop adaptation mechanisms with this change

Monopolistically operating large energy companies, including mainly government-controlled state-owned companies, apply pricing policies that are not conducive to the development of renewable energy sources in the form of small household power plants set up by citizens, who would thus become prosumers of electricity. This point is also confirmed by the pricing policy applied by these large energy companies, which are government-controlled SOEs in the context of the 2022 energy crisis. In addition, it has happened over the past few years that in areas where such power plants have been set up as part of solar or wind power, they have produced so much electricity in situations of high sunshine or strong winds that the technologically outdated and underinvested transmission power grids have not been able to absorb this electricity produced by prosumer citizens. This is a kind of paradoxical and almost surreal situation in a country facing a serious energy crisis in 2022 due to the still existing archaic energy model based 3/4 on the production of electricity and even more on thermal energy from burning coal and lignite. It is therefore necessary to develop independent, local cooperatives running small renewable energy power plants, i.e. independent of large energy companies, including government-controlled state-owned companies with monopolistic pricing policies, limiting the development of renewable energy sources by citizens and increasingly portraying themselves in the media in advertising and umbrella campaigns as green, generating energy mainly from renewable energy sources which is at variance with the facts, so is an example of greenwashing. In view of the above, the development of local cooperatives operating small renewable energy power plants can significantly reduce the scale of monopolistic participation of large energy companies in the entire energy sector and thus can significantly increase the energy security of citizens and the security of the national energy sector.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

The following articles are related to the above issues in some respects:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

HUMAN SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

POLAND'S 2022 ENERGY CRISIS AS A RESULT OF THE WAR IN UKRAINE AND YEARS OF NEGLECT TO CARRY OUT A GREEN TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR

Energy Saving Practices in the IT Area as a Factor of Sustainable Development of the Organisation: A Case Study of Poland

Increase in the Internetisation of economic processes, economic, pandemic and climate crisis as well as cybersecurity as key challenges and philosophical paradigms for the development of 21st century civilisation

The Post-Pandemic Development of the Green Circular Economy and the Declarations Made During the UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) as Security Determinants

The Key Security Problems Related to the Pro-Environmental Economic Transformation and the Implementation of the Principles of Sustainable Development into the Economy

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear connections, I’m currently searching for a PhD/Research position in the field of “Energy Transition”, with a strong interest in Energy Systems Analysis & Modeling as well as Clean Energy Technologies (EV,..). My research track is in the field of energy market analysis & forecast using AI. In my M.Sc. thesis at The American University in Cairo, I managed to build an energy planning model using different ANN topologies, that will help in securing the balance between the energy supply and demand in the United Kingdom for different end-use sectors; domestic, industrial, transport, and services sectors. I also carried out a long-term forecasting for the UK's final energy consumption up to the year 2035, and analyzed the results comparing to the outlook of the UK’s governmental department of Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS). Being a Future Energy Leader at the World Energy Council and an energy transition advocate, I understand the importance of humanising energy and contributing to the global dialogue on energy and sustainability issues. On the other hand, I have 11 years of professional experience in the oil and gas, refining, and petrochemical industries at Enppi, one of the leading engineering and EPC main contractors in the Middle East and Africa. I am definitely open to expanding my career path in other "Energy Transition" fields of research, and open for relocation, if the PhD requires so. Please let me know if there are any potential openings. Thank you.

Gerard Reid (2020) stated about Energy: "The choices and approaches... are governed by the following paradoxes...: 1. The Utility Paradox; 2. The Market Efficiency Paradox; 3. Jevons Paradox; 4. The NIMBY Paradox 5. The Renewable Energy Paradox 6. The Philosophy Paradox. On the other hand, Adam Szymański (2020) showed that the Levelized Cost Of Energy (LCOE) definition is incorrect as it leads to an Economic Paradox. This discussion is intended to launch a scientific debate on these essential energy issues and related technical, socioeconomic, and environmental implications.

Gerard Reid (2020) The Six Energy Paradoxes that slow the sector’s progress. Available on: https://energypost.eu/the-six-energy-paradoxes-that-slow-the-sectors-progress/

Szymański, A. (2020). Levelized cost of energy definition–An economic paradox. The Electricity Journal, 33(7). To be requested on:

In view of the above, with the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources there are many technological and environmental constraints on certain categories of spent materials used in this type of energy. On the one hand, it is necessary for power companies to make investments in electricity transmission and storage networks. On the other hand, economical technologies for the production of low-cost energy storage and recycling, disposal of used batteries and photovoltaic panels, including the recovery of rare metals as part of the aforementioned disposal process, are still to be developed. In addition, the problem of overheating of batteries in electric vehicles and the occurrence of situations of spontaneous combustion of these devices and dangerous, difficult to extinguish fires of the said vehicles are still not fully resolved. If the solution to such problems is mainly a matter of necessary improvements in technology or the creation of new, innovative technology, then arguably generative artificial intelligence technology should come to the rescue in this regard.

I described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:

OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT

Important aspects of the implementation of the green transformation of the economy, including the development of renewable and zero-carbon energy sources I included in my article below:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

I invite you to discuss this important topic for the future of the planet's biosphere and climate.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

ResearchGate is home to subject matter experts from around the globe, with different experiences and areas of expertise. The new year has made me reflect on the perils and opportunities facing us in the years to come, particularly throughout the food-water-energy nexus. What do you all think will be the biggest challenge to humanity in this area in the coming century?

Statistics presenting both the growing scale of income disparity (both internationally, nationally, socially) and on the impact of the scale of consumption on the level of greenhouse gas emissions, the negative impact on the climate, the environment, the state of the biosphere, biodiversity present a tragic picture of the state of the planet that we will leave for future generations of citizens. The top 1 percent of the richest emitted as much CO2 in 2016 as the 6 billion poorer and poorest people. Large, financially rich industrial corporations, especially large companies operating in the sector of extraction and processing of fossil fuels, and energy companies that generate energy based on the combustion of these minerals, through lobbying in the political sphere, receive financial subsidies or other forms of financial support so that they have the greatest opportunity to implement investments that could change the energy industry according to the needs of society. Unfortunately, still most of these investment processes are concerned with maintaining the status quo of dirty combustion energy instead of real involvement of these companies in the processes of green energy transformation, including the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources on a scale that is already possible but is not being undertaken. One of the solutions that could significantly change this state of affairs, which has been in operation for many decades, could be the introduction of a carbon tax specifically introduced for this purpose, i.e. a tax the size of which is correlated with the level of CO2 and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as with the level of investment opportunities of different types of business entities, including large corporations, which usually have the highest such opportunities. On the other hand, the level of income of the richest few, including the owners of the aforementioned large industrial corporations, is linked to the level of greenhouse gas emissivity. In this regard, one of the solutions that can improve the implementation of the green transformation of the economy may be the introduction of a progressive carbon tax (progressive carbon tax), the size of which will be linked to the level of emissivity and income correlated with emissivity. This type of income tax can be directly applied to individual entities, citizens, and in an appropriately adjusted formula to business entities, including the aforementioned large industrial corporations. The funds raised by the state from this tax should be used exclusively for the implementation of projects fully in line with the green transformation of the economy. With regard to economic entities, additional introduction of a system of tax credits for amounts allocated to the implementation of green investments consistent with the implementation of sustainable development goals, pro-environmental, pro-climate, pro-environmental policy objectives, including, first and foremost, taking into account the issue of protecting the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems, could be considered.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

That civilization's greenhouse gas emissions generate a progressive process of global warming has been known from independent and reliable scientific research for many decades. The first research results on the subject, confirming the above thesis, were already conducted more than 100 years ago, but at that time the scale of greenhouse gas emissions was many times lower compared to emissions of recent years. At that time, the topic was ignored. At that time, the process of global warming was proceeding much more slowly than it is now, and was practically not yet noticed in many regions of the world. But as early as the 1960s and 1970s, oil companies and energy companies producing energy from the combustion of fossil fuels founded and funded various non-governmental organizations whose main goal was to falsify the results of scientific research in order to question the role of civilization's greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions from the fossil fuel combustion energy sector as a key factor in the greenhouse effect, the accumulation of CO2 in the planet's atmosphere and generating the process of global warming, which is progressing ever faster. On the other hand, today the level of awareness of citizens on the above topic is already much higher than it was just a few decades ago. As a result, companies and enterprises operating in various industries and sectors, in order not to lose customers, customers of their product and service offerings, customers who are increasingly environmentally and climate-conscious, are increasingly joining the process of green transformation of the economy, including scaling up the implementation of sustainable development goals in their business activities. This issue is finally beginning to affect oil companies and energy companies that produce energy from burning fossil fuels. In this regard, perhaps at the next UN Climate Summit COP28, to be held in Dubai, some oil companies and energy companies of companies that produce energy from burning fossil fuels will reportedly declare that they will realistically join in the implementation of the process of green energy transformation, the green transformation of the economy.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

I have described the key issues related to the problem of progressive global warming, the negative effects of this process and, consequently, the need to increase the scale and accelerate the implementation of the green transformation of the economy, climate protection, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet in the following article:

In the following article, I present the results of my research on the relationship between sustainable development, the origins and significance of the Sustainable Development Goals, and the essence of sustainable development in the context of social, normative, economic, environmental, climate and human rights aspects, among others. The research also addressed key determinants of human existential security as an element of the concept of sustainable development.

I invite you to collaborate with me on this topic.

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Generative artificial intelligence technology, which, with the help of deep learning applied to artificial neural networks, is taught specific skills, performing activities previously performed only by humans, is finding more and more new applications in various branches of the economy, in various types of business entities. Generative artificial intelligence technology helps in solving complex tasks that require processing large sets of data in a relatively short period of time, which is already far beyond human capabilities. Therefore, more and more new tools based on generative artificial intelligence technology are being created, which are engaged in solving specific tasks, in which a number of specific criteria are required to be met in order to create a precisely specified product, project, innovative solution, finding a solution to a complex problem, and so on. This type of complex problem solving includes the creation of new solutions for green technology and eco-innovation, which can be helpful in connection with the need to accelerate and increase the efficiency of carrying out the green transformation of the economy, including the green transformation of the energy sector based on, among other things, the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources. However, paradoxically, generative artificial intelligence technology performing certain outsourced tasks i.e. based on large data sets collected in data centers, using Big Data Analytics technological solutions consumes large amounts of electricity. In a situation where these large amounts of electricity are generated by burning fossil fuels through dirty combustion energy, the aforementioned new technological solutions increasingly categorized as Industry 5.0 are unfortunately not described as green, pro-climate, pro-environment, pro-environment, pro-environment, sustainable, pursuing sustainable development goals, etc. Accordingly, Big Data centers assisted by artificial intelligence technology should be developed to fit in with sustainability goals, not to generate high electricity consumption and/or to be powered by renewable and carbon-free energy sources. The aforementioned Big Data centers assisted by artificial intelligence technology should therefore be designed and built in such a way that power plants generating energy from renewable sources are also built next to them or above them if they are built underground, such as wind farms and/or photovoltaic panel installations or other power plants generating energy by other means but emission-free. In the future, these may also include a new generation of nuclear power plants generating energy from currently generated spent fuel waste from currently operating nuclear power plants operating on the basis of widespread traditional nuclear technologies. Besides, in the future, another solution for emission-free clean energy may be the use of a new generation of nuclear power based on cold fusion. In addition to the above, the technologies categorized as energy futures also include energy based on green hydrogen and new types of energy resources, which may be extracted from space. An effective combination of the above-mentioned technologies, i.e. green energy technologies and ICT and Industry 4.0/5.0 information technologies, may lead to the creation of AI-assisted Big Data green data centers.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

It used to be that this variation in energy prices from country to country largely depended on, among other things, the content in the earth's crust of the various types of fossil energy resources. Today, in the era of the Fourth Technological Revolution, in developed and developing economies, the key factors determining the level of energy prices include, among others, the current and/or strategic energy policies under which specific types of energy are developed. In some countries it is still mainly supported systemically, i.e. financially by the state mainly the development of dirty combustion energy and in other countries the development of emission-free energy, green energy based on renewable and emission-free energy sources. Systemic state support consists of supporting specific types of energy sources through financial support from the state's public finance system. Due to the system of CO2 emission fees introduced in the European Union, in countries that continue to develop mainly dirty combustion energy, energy prices will rise rapidly in the coming years. In contrast, in countries where renewable energy sources, including wind and solar power, are being rapidly developed, it is when the sun shines and the wind blows that carbon-free energy has produced surplus energy and there have been negative prices. An example of a country where in recent years the government has continued to support the development of dirty combustion energy and block the development of renewable energy sources is the country where I operate. Currently, before the next parliamentary elections, the government has frozen the increase in energy prices through the created instrument of subsidies from the state finance system. However, in view of the fact that still more than 3/4 of electricity and even more thermal energy is produced from burning coal and lignite, it is likely that in the next few years the already one of the highest energy prices (in relation to the income level of citizens, compared to Europe) will continue to rise in Poland. As a result, energy market analysts forecast that Poland may see a large increase in energy prices in 2024. In Poland, per 1 kWh of electricity produced, there are 700-750 gr of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. By contrast, in Europe the average of this CO2 emission is 3 times lower. High energy prices in Poland are due not to the war in Ukraine as the government lies in the media controlled by it, but to the fact that the current PIS government for 8 years has been blocking and slowing down the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources through which eclectic energy can be produced more cheaply and emission-free. Carbon-free energy production does not involve incurring additional punitive fees established in the European Union as incentive instruments for the smooth implementation of the green transition in the energy sector.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The dirty economy is an economy running on dirty energy and the clean economy is an economy running on clean energy.

To seriously address the pollution generation problem of the dirty economy to go beyond living under polluting environments we have to transition it to the clean economy so one day we can be living in clean environments as living under polluting environments for ever is a daunting idea. Which raises the question, Is the idea of going carbon neutral through for example sequestration a clean market friendly idea?

What do you think?

Clean energy projects: 'Developed world (and China)' Vs ‘Rest of the World’?

The investments in solar power are on course to overtake spending on oil production for the first time: What does it indicate in the long run for oil & gas industry?

The gap (though uneven) keeps widening between renewable-energy funding and stagnating fossil-fuel industries: What is the moral of the story?

More than $1 billion a day is expected to be invested in solar power this year, which is higher than total spending expected for new upstream oil projects: A dramatic shift from fossil fuels to solar power?

Out of $3 trillion investment on global energy supply this year, nearly $2 trillion keeps going towards clean-energy projects: A new clean global energy economy keeps emerging circumventing hydrocarbons?

In connection with the still high level of greenhouse gas emissions and the rapidly progressing process of global warming, in order to save a significant part of the planet's biosphere from annihilation and to ensure the possibility of life on the planet for future generations of people, it is necessary to effectively and efficiently carry out a green transformation of the economy, including carrying out a green transformation primarily of such sectors of the economy as the energy sector, agriculture, transport, construction and industrial and mining sectors. Besides, the key factors of green transformation of the economy also include increasing the scale of waste sorting and recycling, increasing the scale of implementation of sustainable development goals in individual spheres of civilisation development, increasing green areas in cities, and systemic reform of forestry consisting in changing deforestation processes into aforestation, increasing the scale of sustainability, restoration and protection of biodiversity in forest management. In order to effectively and efficiently carry out the green transformation of the energy sector, it is necessary to scale up the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources. In some countries, such as Poland, there is still an outdated energy system in which more than three quarters of heat and electricity is produced by dirty fossil fuel combustion energy. Such a high level of underdevelopment in the energy sector is the result of unused technological and financial opportunities, as well as mainly blocking and limiting the development of clean, emission-free renewable energy in the last 3 decades and especially in the last 8 years. Key factors for the limited sources of financing for the development of renewable and zero-carbon energy sources include, for example, the earmarking of funds obtained from the sale of CO2 emission rights for other purposes instead of supporting the green energy transition. As a result, the energy system, dominated by government-controlled SOEs, large mining, refining and energy companies, is characterised by low levels of investment in new green technologies and energy eco-innovations. Over the past 8 years, despite emerging technological and financial opportunities, energy companies have failed to make investments that would increase the level of flexibility in adapting energy transmission networks to changes in the level of energy production from different energy sources, including renewable and carbon-free energy sources. As a result of the lack of this type of investment, it is becoming increasingly common that when the level of sunshine is high and/or the level of wind power is high and/or the level of energy consumption by citizens is significantly reduced, there is a large unused surplus of energy. Technologically outdated power grids are unable to accommodate such large energy surpluses. The lack of a constructed storage system for the surplus energy produced results in large losses of generated electricity from renewable and emission-free energy sources. In addition, the government encouraged the development of prosumer energy by having citizens co-finance the creation of backyard mini-generation plants, i.e. mainly the installation of photovoltaic panels on the roof of residential houses. On the other hand, when prosumers, i.e. citizens, produce a significant surplus of electricity, the government-controlled electricity transmission grid companies do not accept this surplus electricity and therefore do not refinance the citizens' bills for the surplus electricity produced. In addition, in a situation of high levels of sunshine and wind power, i.e. where there is a large surplus of electricity generated, it is mainly renewable and emission-free energy sources that are excluded from the energy production system, and not dirty combustion energy sources emitting CO2 into the atmosphere. These are therefore very serious systemic errors in energy management by the government in Poland over recent years.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In many countries, before the entire energy sector is based on renewable energy sources, hydrogen and/or natural gas-based energy, which is several times less carbon-intensive than coal, lignite and, in some countries, fuel oil, i.e. derivatives of oil refining, are being developed as an interim step in addition to fully clean, emission-free, climate-neutral renewable energy sources. Because of the nuclear power plant accidents that occurred at Chernobyl, Fukushima, etc., some countries decided to decommission their nuclear power plants. Opinions are divided on this issue, as current nuclear energy technologies are much safer than those used in the plants that previously failed. In addition, the energy produced by nuclear power plants is emission-free compared to emissions from, for example, gas combustion. Over the next few decades, these nuclear and gas-based intermediate steps will be replaced by emission-free, fully climate-neutral and more energy-efficient energy based on green hydrogen and nuclear fusion. The production of so-called green hydrogen will be realised using electricity generated from renewable energy sources. However, the greatest challenges in terms of carrying out a green transformation of the energy sector are to be met in countries such as Poland, which still has a technologically backward, archaic system of energy generation based 3/4 on burning hard coal and lignite. This kind of situation of energy development backwardness is the result of deliberately slowing down the development of renewable and emission-free energy in the last 3 decades, and especially in the last 8 years, i.e. the period in which the PIS government in coalition with other political options supporting this government mainly supported the development of dirty combustion energy, increased the import of fossil fuels, slowed down the development of wind energy in 2016, slowed down the development of biofuel-based energy, and from April 2022 limited the development of solar energy. This is very strange in view of the European Union's strategic environmental and climate policy, indicating the need to carry out a green energy transition as quickly as possible, of which Poland is, after all, a part and benefits from financial subsidies from the European Union for the development of renewable energy sources. At present, in the context of the prospect of a global climate catastrophe, accelerating global warming and a still high level of greenhouse gas emissions, energy generation based mainly on the combustion of fossil fuels is being described as archaic, technologically and mentally outdated, incompatible with achieving the objectives of sustainable development, incompatible with pro-environmental and climate policy, generates poor air quality, is socially unethical and so on. The paradox is that in recent years, the development of renewable and zero-emission energy has been accelerated in many countries, while in Poland this development has been deliberately slowed down by the government. In many countries, in the context of the overall energy mix, renewable energy is already the dominant source of energy vis-à-vis combustion energy sources. In some countries, such as Scandinavia, over 90% of energy is already generated from renewable sources. Furthermore, not only in Europe, but also on other continents, including Africa, there are already countries where the majority of energy is produced from renewable sources. Some countries, such as Canada for example, have planned to fully phase out coal-based power generation by 2030 at the latest, whereas in Poland, despite the existing climatic, technological and financial possibilities, etc., the PIS government has planned to continue coal-based power generation until the middle of the 21st century, ignoring the results of scientific research concerning forecasts of a continuation of the increasingly rapid process of global warming and an increase in the scale of climatic disasters that will occur in the coming decades. Since it is not, therefore, a genuinely pro-environmental and pro-climate energy and economic policy, neither is it a pro-social policy of the PIS government in Poland. On the other hand, technological progress in the field of green technologies and energy eco-innovations is continually being made. New generation photovoltaic technologies and other renewable and emission-free energy solutions are becoming cheaper every year. Mini-power plants, backyard mini-generators producing energy from the sun, wind and, under favourable geographical and geological conditions, also from water and geothermal energy, are becoming increasingly available. However, in a situation where the return to government-controlled large state-owned energy companies, and the pursuit of an economic policy reminiscent of centralised, post-communist models of economic management, ignores the prosumer potential for the development of zero-emission mini power plants by citizens who could develop clean energy much more effectively and efficiently, the whole process of green transformation of the energy sector is proceeding much more slowly than it could. Returning to the issue of the successful development of renewable and zero-emission energy sources in many countries, the question arises as to what path towards climate neutrality in the energy sector has been successfully pursued in countries where the majority of energy is already produced from clean, zero-emission energy, and what path towards climate neutrality in the energy sector should be pursued in countries where a significant proportion of electricity and/or heat is still produced from dirty combustion energy? Arguably, many different factors, regional geographic, geological, climatic, environmental, civilisational, economic, social, etc. considerations need to be taken into account in order to define the right path towards climate neutrality of the energy sector in each country.

To the above, it should be added that on 18 April 2023, in order to accelerate the process of pro-environmental, pro-climate, green transformation of the economy, including the acceleration of the process of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, slowing down the processes of global warming, the European Parliament voted on the key legal acts of the Fit For 55 package. The European Parliament adopted the reform of the EU system of trading in greenhouse gas emission allowances, the introduction of the CBAM mechanism and the creation of the Social Climate Fund. The PIS government in Poland is constantly criticising the climate and environmental policy of the European Union, contrary to the expectations of the citizens and with some vague political aims in mind in the controlled meanstream media in Poland. Thanks to the technological advances that have already been made in green energy technologies and eco-innovation, electricity generation from renewable and emission-free energy sources is already the cheapest, much cheaper than energy generation from the dirty energy of burning fossil fuels.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

The following articles are related to the above issues in some respects:

I have described the key issues concerning the green transition of the economy in the following article:

In the following article, I present the results of my research on the relationship between sustainable development, the origins and significance of the Sustainable Development Goals, and the essence of sustainable development in the context of social, normative, economic, environmental, climate and human rights aspects, among others. The research also addressed key determinants of human existential security as an element of the concept of sustainable development.

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

How can reverse-bias stability be improved in perovskite solar cells?

In the country where I have been working for half a century, every few years a plan to build a nuclear power plant appears periodically. The last such plan appeared in 2022. Consideration of building the first nuclear power plant came about when the Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers announced that he was considering such a plan. For the time being, this plan is not taken seriously by analysts of the development of the energy sector, as there have been many investment plans announced by the Prime Minister over the past seven years and only plans ended. On the other hand, the current energy crisis, the dominance of dirty combustion energy in Poland, the rising prices of fossil fuels, the low and falling level of the country's energy independence and security, the low level of air quality polluted by the widespread burning of coal in fossil fuel cookers, the blocking and stalling of the development of renewable energy (biogas plants) and zero-emission energy (wind energy 2016, solar energy 2022), which has been going on for 7 years, has led to a high risk of a shortage of heat and electricity in Poland and a deep risk of a national energy crisis in the cyclical annual heating seasons. Since the political opposition, which includes environmentalists and non-governmental organisations, has been postulating for years the increase of the level of energy security and the necessity to develop renewable and emission-free energy, the necessity to carry out a pro-environmental transformation of the energy sector, so every now and then a new plan appears in the media, the latest being the plan to build the first nuclear power plant. The need to urgently and swiftly carry out a pro-environmental transformation of the energy sector is linked on the one hand to the long-term climate crisis and the currently developing energy crisis. If the Polish government continues to ignore the issue of a pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the energy sector, it is possible that in the coming years, too, citizens will have to contend with a national energy crisis and poor air quality in agglomerations year after year. The construction of the first nuclear power plant in Poland is not expected to be completed until the early 2030s of the current 21st century. It is clear that this is far too late given the issue of the developing climate crisis and the possibility of further national energy crises emerging in subsequent annual heating seasons. Besides, simply building a nuclear power plant will not cure an energy industry that is underinvested and based on outdated energy transmission technologies and power plants that generate energy mainly by burning fossil fuels. On the other hand, better late than never. Nuclear power, along with other types of renewable energy, can form an important part of the energy mix and increase the level of independence and energy security. However, in order to ensure a high level of operational safety of the nuclear power plant, a low level of failure rate, a high level of safety against various categories of risks, catastrophes and external factors, it is essential to apply modern technologies with which the nuclear power plant will be built.

In view of the above, I would like to address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In some countries in Europe, taxes have already been introduced in autumn 2022 on the excess and historically highest windfall profits of companies in the mining, energy and fuel sector obtained in 2022 in connection with the exploitation of the situation that has arisen in the context of the energy crisis derivative of the war in Ukraine in 2022. Unfortunately, some of the countries that called for the introduction of economic sanctions that increased the scale of this crisis and, at the same time, countries with an energy sector built on an archaic model based mainly on the combustion of fossils, nevertheless did not introduce this tax. This is still the case, for example, until February 2023 in the country where I operate. In connection with the publication of historically record profits of mining, energy and fuel sector companies operating in Poland and controlled by the government, obtained in 2022, as well as increasing criticism of opposition political options, it was reported in the media that once again the government is back to considering the possible introduction of the said taxes on excess profits. In my opinion, the money raised from taxes on excess profits made by companies in the mining, energy and fuel sectors in 2022 should finance new projects for developing renewable and zero-emission energy sources in order to speed up the green transition of the energy sector. In this way, the process of achieving a zero-carbon economy, a sustainable closed-cycle economy, an economy characterised by a high level of autonomy and energy security, meeting sustainable development goals will be accelerated and the scale of care for the state of the environment, the biodiversity of natural ecosystems, protection of the biosphere and the climate will be significantly increased. In addition, air quality will be significantly improved, the level of environmental pollution will decrease, etc.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the country in which I operate, electricity and heat is still generated 3/4 on the basis of burning fossil fuels. However, if the current government had taken the pro-environmental transformation of the economy seriously, including the pro-climate transformation of the energy sector, and had been developing renewable and emission-free energy sources instead of blocking them for the past 7 years, then the current energy crisis would probably not be such a serious problem as it already is. Unfortunately, this has not been done. As a result, the energy sector in Poland is mainly dirty, combustion-intensive, high-emission, non-diversified. There is bad air in many cities. Coal-fired power plants use outdated technologies, coal is in short supply and imported. Similarly, other fossil fuels. Power grids not adapted to the current needs of the economy, etc. The development of renewable energy has been slow to materialise, as it has mainly been driven by grassroots initiatives of citizens who have, for example, installed photovoltaic panels on the roofs of their houses, solar water heating systems and heat pumps in their homes. Unfortunately, the scale of development of renewable and emission-free energy sources is still low due to barriers imposed by the government and the low level of subsidies supporting the green energy transition. The result is a low level of energy security and a high risk of a major energy crisis in the heating season, autumn/winter 2022.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

What is your opinion on this?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the context of the ignorance realized in recent years towards the beginning of the climate crisis, towards the progressive process of global warming, the negligence committed in previous years in the development of renewable energy sources and the energy crisis that is currently developing, in the country where I operate the local government is lifting anti-smog restrictions and worsening air quality is it acting anti-socially towards the residents of the municipality. These actions are in complete contradiction with the issue of achieving the goals of sustainable development, with the strategy of a pro-environmental and pro-climate economy, with the principles of green transformation of the economy, with the principles of social responsibility of the activities of public institutions, with the ethics of the standards of a public institution acting for the benefit of citizens and residents of the municipality, with the implementation of pro-social functions of public institutions, etc. In such a situation, in which local governments acting in concert with the central authorities of the state ignore the pro-social goals and principles for which they were established and for which they function, they knowingly contribute to the deterioration of the local climate and environment, deterioration of air quality and deterioration of health. In such a situation, are the next local elections and the possibility of changing the authorities only during these elections a sufficient instrument for expressing one's opinion, one's dissatisfaction with the municipal, socio-economic, environmental, climate, cultural, etc. policies pursued by local authorities? Can the activities of non-governmental organizations, associations and other organizations established from the bottom up by citizens, through which citizens point out the shortcomings and errors committed by local authorities in the framework of the municipal, socio-economic, environmental, climate, cultural policies carried out, be of great help in this regard? A particularly important problem that fosters the development of this kind of anti-social activity of local municipal authorities is, among other things, political connections with the central authorities, which implement analogous socio-economic policies with ignoring climate issues, environmental issues, sustainable development, the need to efficiently and urgently carry out a green transformation of the economy. A fundamental issue in the context of the above-described problem may be the question of political independence of local self-government authorities vis-à-vis the apparatus of the central government of the state in order to maintain high standards of care for the local community, real opportunities for pro-social activities, listening to the needs of the local community of municipal residents and the implementation of pro-social functions by local self-government authorities.

In the context of the issues outlined above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The key risk factors that determined the development of the current climate crisis were already operating in previous years, but they occurred with less intensity and were ignored. Among the main determinants of the scale of the development of the climate crisis in the national scope are the issue of national energy security and energy independence shaped by many national factors. Changes in energy commodity prices on international commodity markets are one of the key external factors. However, many more factors operating domestically shape the level of domestic energy security and independence. Key domestic influential factors shaping the issue of national energy security and independence include the scale of diversification of energy sources, including primarily domestic energy sources. In terms of diversification of energy sources, a particularly important issue is the level of development of renewable and emission-free energy sources. The issue of emission-free energy sources is also particularly important in the context of the developing climate crisis, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to slow down the progressive process of global warming. The unfolding climate crisis in the future may generate further energy crises due to the projected increase in demand for electricity. The increase in electricity demand in the future will also be related to a warming climate, as the scale of the use of refrigeration equipment, air conditioners, cold pumps, pumps installed in new deep-water intakes in a situation of increasingly severe and permanent periods of drought, etc., will increase. In addition, national energy policy is also determined by the issue of political-business ties in companies in the energy and fossil fuel extraction sectors, in a situation where these business entities are government-controlled state-owned companies. Consequently, pricing policy is also shaped in such a way that companies in the fossil fuel extraction sector and the energy sector burning these fossil fuels operating as SOEs generate exceptionally high above-average profits benefiting from the current energy crisis. The pricing policy is conducted in such a way that most of these above-average high profits in the form of dividends go to the state budget burdened with high social spending. Besides, state-owned companies, including those operating in the energy sector, subsidize various pro-government projects carried out by other public institutions, foundations and media with pro-government information policies. As part of this pro-government information policy, citizens are informed with a propaganda message according to which the country's energy security is determined by the development of dirty combustion energy and renewable energy sources are not worth developing because they are unstable, e.g., the sun does not always shine and the wind does not always blow. Of course, only a part of the citizens believe in this kind of propaganda information run by the pro-government meanstream media. In addition to these media, there are also media that are independent and provide information objectively, where citizens are given facts, including the reality of the issue of energy security in the country. Therefore, in countries where the scale of development of renewable and emission-free energy sources is low and the production of heat and electricity is based mainly on dirty combustion energy, the current energy crisis is particularly acute for citizens and is a derivative of years of omission, slowing down and blocking the development of clean renewable energy based on various sources and technologies, and ignoring the issue of the ongoing process of global warming, the negative effects of climate change, ignoring the issue of protecting the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of natural ecosystems, ignoring the issue of living conditions for citizens of future generations. In a situation where, as in Poland, for example, neglected in previous years and still 3/4 of heat and electricity is generated on the basis of dirty combustion energy in the context of the current energy crisis, additional costs have emerged from this neglect, which are being passed on to consumers under the current energy policy. Subsidies and handouts, interventionist reductions in sales taxes on fossil fuels, electricity and certain ranges of food products are being introduced to reduce high and rising inflation and, in fact, to postpone the potential increase in inflation by another few percentage points for the future, when the so-called Anti-Inflation Shields are no longer in place, i.e., when foreign investors stop buying Treasury bonds, the public debt begins to grow rapidly, etc. There is also the electoral calendar, as Poland will hold another parliamentary election in the fall of 2023, which probably also has a significant impact on the current energy policy as an important element of economic policy. In view of the above, we distinguish various key determinants of building and developing an energy sector that will provide the national economy with a high level of energy security, a high level of long-term energy independence. A modern energy sector should be characterized by a high level of energy security, should be resilient to energy crises, and should take into account reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, should also include priorities for future generations of citizens, i.e. also protection of the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet?

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Thank you,

The following articles are related to the above issues in some respects:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

HUMAN SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

POLAND'S 2022 ENERGY CRISIS AS A RESULT OF THE WAR IN UKRAINE AND YEARS OF NEGLECT TO CARRY OUT A GREEN TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR

Energy Saving Practices in the IT Area as a Factor of Sustainable Development of the Organisation: A Case Study of Poland

The Key Security Problems Related to the Pro-Environmental Economic Transformation and the Implementation of the Principles of Sustainable Development into the Economy

I invite you to collaborate with me on research projects.

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Many new eco-innovations and green technologies have still not left the research laboratories, they are still in the research and testing, prototype phase. The current energy crisis should motivate both government agencies of ministries managing the energy sector and commercially operating companies and enterprises in the energy sector to subsidise the ongoing research work, conducted in research and development institutions on the creation and industrial-scale implementation of new eco-innovations and green energy technologies. The current energy crisis is characterised by rapidly rising fuel and energy prices and the increasing scale of energy shortages. In some countries, the government is offering subsidies for the purchase of more expensive fuels and energy. However, this creates another pro-inflationary factor. Another and perhaps more sensible solution to support citizens and businesses to survive the energy crisis would be to increase subsidies to R&D and scientific institutions in whose laboratories new eco-innovations and energy technologies are developed. This raises the question of what kind of new eco-innovations and green energy and other technologies being created now, what kind of R&D should be subsidised now?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the context of the current energy crisis, there is a growing demand for the creation and industrial-scale implementation of new eco-innovations and green energy technologies that would help citizens and businesses survive the currently unfolding energy crisis. The current energy crisis is characterized by rapidly rising fuel and energy prices and the growing scale of energy shortages. Rising energy and fossil fuel prices are one of the key factors in the acceleration of inflation, which has already begun to rise almost as early as early 2021. In some countries, the government is offering subsidies for the purchase of more expensive fuels and energy. However, this creates another pro-inflationary factor. In view of the above, the creation and implementation of what kind of new eco-innovations and green energy technologies should be covered by interventionist government subsidy programs (purchase of certain types of power, energy sources, e.g. to install photovoltaic panels on the roof of the building, etc.) and subsidies (preparation of homes, buildings, businesses, e.g. insulation of building facades, etc.)?

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Global Energy Market: Feasible to quarantine Fossil Fuel Energy?

1. Whether the debility in investment towards oil, gas, coal and low-carbon fuel supply is only ‘a brief tumult’ – resulting from the enforcement of externally induced policies @ global-scale?

OR

Albeit with exorbitant fuel prices, with the net income - for world’s Oil & Gas producers – reaching towards USD 5 Trillion, will the investments on fossil fuels would ever continue to decline either @ regional-scale or @ global-scale - at least for the next couple of decades?

2. Albeit ‘global energy investment’ remains central towards tackling the major current energy crisis such as pushing the globe towards the so called ‘net zero pathway’, while ostensibly stimulating the economic recovery (in terms of renewables, grids & storage accounting for more than 80% of total power sector investment), does it really boot out the gravity on consumers – as the total energy bill paid by the world’s consumers crosses USD 10 Trillion?

3. With world energy investment approaching towards 10%, whether the global energy investments (amounting to nearly USD 3 billion) are really backing the energy projects that remain automatically aligned with the long-term goals?

Or

Are they just tending to address - more towards - the exigent short-term needs?

4. With higher costs - for almost anything and everything on one hand, and with possible ‘cost inflation’ with time on the other hand, will a plot between ‘additional capital investment in the next 5 years’ Vs ‘additional energy supply capacity brought out in the next 5 years’ – would really favor (a) renewable energy; or (b) fossil fuel energy?

Even, if it happens to be renewable energy, would it pave the way towards a more secure future – leaving aside the cleaner aspect?

5. How should we consider the shifting focus of wind-power from on-shore to off-shore? Whether the investments on onshore wind-power gets detached with ‘improved efficiency’?

6. Whether the supply chain issues associated with critical minerals and with the significant shortage of semi-conductors @ global-scale, whether the electrification of mobility (electric vehicles) require a reconsideration (as the most of the EV sales are associated only with China & Europe)?

Or

Should we get convinced with the ‘higher growth rates’ by ignoring the relatively lesser absolute investments?

7. What are we supposed to understand from the relatively smaller investments on clean energy – across much of the developing world (excluding China)?

8. Whether 10 crore people from Asia & Africa (with emerging & developing economies) will be able to afford to pay for their basic energy needs – given this energy transition towards clean energy investment?

Or

Will we be heading towards back to square one – in the absence of any other sustainable developments – than relying ‘fossil fuels’?

The Kyoto protocol failed, was it because it was not binding across the board? or because it had too many loopholes? or because the USA did not sign it or because it attempted a patch to a pollution emission problem instead of a fix?

What do you think?