Clay - Science topic

The compressive stresses arising due to the geodynamic conditions surrounding of the South Caspian megadepression are unevenly distributed among the structural elements. The values of the length-towidth ratio of the local folds, which determine the relatively high intensity of compressive stresses within Kura-Gabirri (3.4-7.0 km), Pri-Caspian-Guba...

The basic parameters of two natural non-metallic raw materials from R.N. Macedonia have been defined: white opalized tuff from the locality of Strmosh and, diatomaceous earth from the locality of Slavishko Pole as potential materials for water filtration. Two different sets of water filtrations were carried out for each material with a previously p...

La dehesa es un ecosistema único que integra árboles, ganado y pastos, compatibilizando la producción agropastoral con la sostenibilidad. A pesar de su riqueza biológica y los importantes servicios ecosistémicos que proporciona, en las últimas décadas ha experimentado una disminución en la vitalidad, densidad y cobertura arbórea, principalmente deb...

Within the context of the Sincos District in its high Andean areas, there is the Aramachay Community that suffers from the intense cold. The study proposes better thermal comfort in the face of low temperatures inside the homes through a biothermal insulator made of materials from the area, during the period 2023. The research is quasi-experimental...

Kaolinite showcase is anticipated to experience a consistent development within the estimate a long time, as watched by the result of the examination given in this report. The request for these products is likely to extend essentially within the future. The kaolinite showcase is additionally hypothesized to develop at a stable pace. Kaoliniteite, t...

We report the stabilisation of otherwise fleeting iron(III)-oxo dimers in the interlayer space of a natural layered clay. The material shows a good photocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of formic...

The decommissioning of uranium mill tailings pond generally employs covering layer to diminish radon exhalation, with soil permeability, thickness, and moisture content being essential considerations in assessing the efficacy of radon reduction. This research uses a proprietary multi-field coupled seepage testing apparatus and a simulated covering...

When tunnelling through weak and highly deformable ground, relevant deformations occur ahead of the tunnel face and result in face displacements that are opposite to the advance direction (“extrusion”). In mechanised tunnelling, the cutterhead continuously removes the ground extruding at the tunnel face during advance. Therefore, the total excavati...

Soils are a key element in the hydrological cycle through a number of soil properties that are complex to estimate and exhibit considerable spatial variability. Therefore, several techniques have been proposed for their estimation and mapping from point data along a given study area. In this work, four machine learning methods: Random Forest, Suppo...

Settlement values calculated per the current “Code for Design of Building Foundations” demonstrate significant discrepancies when compared to the actual measured settlement values observed after disturbing a strong, cohesive soil foundation. This inconsistency introduces uncertainties in engineering design. To investigate the deformation behavior o...

In India, the pottery is the traditional work mostly practiced by the Kumhar community at their home. Pottery is all about crafting ideas going inside the human brain into the proper arrangement like earthen vessels and idols with the help of clay. The association of pottery practice with nature cannot be separated as it requires mostly the natural...

Education is one of the very much recognized factors of socio-economic development of individuals, group and community. It helps in achieving many life results such as employment, income, social status etc. and predicts the attitude and behavior of people. In this paper, the author analyses the educational status impacting social and economic devel...

A new species of Solenopsis (Campanulaceae), S. gutermannii is described and illustrated. It is endemic to Kefalonia island, Greece, where it is very rare and localized in flat clay surfaces that are periodically submerged. This species is a very small annual hygrophyte, characterized by rosulate leaves or with slightly caulescent stems, long-pedun...

Representations of the human body are ubiquitous in cultures across the world. Beyond the aesthetic, figurines transmit deeper meanings that were readily decodable by their intended audience and may still offer sociocultural insights despite the loss of this coding through time. The discovery of a rare tableau of ‘Bolinas’-type clay figurines datin...

Discussion of paper on consolidation settlement over twin EPB driven tunnels in clay in Tianjin and comparison with earlier (1986) experience over twin EPB drives in Singapore marine clay documented by Broms and Shirlaw (1989).

This work investigates the failure envelope of a rectangular skirt foundation in non-homogeneous clays based on the new novel soft-computing approach that combines FELA simulation and tree machine learning models, including decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting (GB) models. The impacts of embedment depth (D/B), shape ratio (...

Debris flows, consisting of water–sediment mixtures that travel rapidly along channels, often carry materials ranging from fine sediments, such as clay or silt, to large boulders, resulting in significant impacts on lives and infrastructure. Accurate estimation of the debris-flow behavior is crucial for establishing effective debris-flow mitigation...

The study aimed to determine the discharge rate of the proposed Okposi River bridge in Rivers State, Nigeria using geospatial and bathymetric data. The research involved the use of echo sounding and leveling methods to determine the depth of the river crossing and the catchment area's characteristics. The study area, Okposi, experiences seasonal an...

Drawing on digital sensory ethnographic research with potters during the Covid-19 pandemic in Britain, along with the literature on clay therapy, this paper explores how engagements with clay afford hedonic psychological wellbeing impacts. Adopting an embodied-enactive-ecological approach, we utilise Material Engagement Theory (MET) and the concept...

This research aims to identify an eco-friendly and low-mass substitute for fine aggregate (FA) in self-compacting concrete (SCC). The study specifically examines the potential of waste foundry sand (WFS) as an FA replacement. The primary objective is to explore the impact of processed WFS in SCC, addressing both the WFS disposal issues and enhancin...

A modell for calculating the quantity of water that evaporated during oven drying of Otamiri clay was derived.

Very limited research has been carried out to investigate sediment erosion caused by subaqueous inclined water jets, despite the fact that such water jets are used in subsea engineering (e.g., dredging, trenching, and deep sea mining). Therefore, we conducted a set of novel small-scale experiments to primarily study the effect of jetting inclinatio...

Tailings leachate poses significant environmental risks, particularly in areas surrounding mining operations and urban developments. Compacted clay liners (CCLs) are commonly used as barrier materials in tailings reservoirs. However, their limited adsorption capacity for Cu(II) and relatively high hydraulic conductivity reduce their effectiveness i...

This study investigates the interfacial bond behavior of clay brick masonry strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) through single-side shear tests. Two specimen types (single bricks and masonry prisms) were tested under varying parameters, including bond length, bond width, mortar joints, and end anchorage. Experimental results re...

Design methods with parameters for clay were found to be not applicable for assessing installation resistance of stiffened caissons in calcareous silt. A series of centrifuge tests were carried out for investigating installation of a stiffened caisson in calcareous silt. The results from current and existing centrifuge tests on installation of unst...

The transport and fate of antibiotics are significantly influenced by co-existing colloidal and nanosized substances, such as clay particles. Montmorillonite, a common clay mineral with a thin nano-sheet-like structure, enhances antibiotic (e.g., ciprofloxacin) mobility due to its strong adsorption properties. Nevertheless, little is known about ho...

As urbanization accelerates, the demand for efficient underground infrastructure has grown, with rectangular tunnels gaining prominence due to their enhanced space utilization and construction efficiency. However, ensuring the stability of shallow rectangular tunnel faces in undrained clays presents significant challenges due to complex soil behavi...

Understanding the effects of installation method on a deep foundation is fundamental for analyzing load test results and improving foundation design based on soil profile characteristics. This study analyzed 40 load-displacement curves of driven piles and piles bored using a manual auger, measured 20 cm in diameter and 3 or 6 m in length. Piles wer...

Egyptian kaolin clay (UnK) was homo-ionized with K + and NH 4 + to obtain K-K and N-K, respectively. The analysis of the molar leaching solutions of KCl, NH 4 Cl or HCl revealed anoriginal cation exchange capacity of UnK up to 6.08meq per 100 g. The adsorption parameters of Na + on K-K and N-K were examined in aqueous solutions. The equilibrium ads...

After attending both the “Decade to Educate in the Sustainable Development and the Agenda 30 of the UNESCO” and the “ACS GCI Pharmaceutical Roundtable”, which focused on sustainable chemistry, in this article, a green chemistry contribution to the Kamal Qureshi protocol is offered; thus, DIM® and several of its analogs (3,3′-diindolylmethanes) were...

The performance of stone columns in enhancing the stability of structures subjected to seismic loads has significant implications for soil improvement in soft clay soils. This research presents a computational and experimental analysis of stress transfer mechanisms in stone column-supported foundations under dynamic seismic loading. A series of mat...

Trickle irrigation is considered one of the main methods in field irrigation. Studying and understanding the moisture distribution pattern beneath the drip irrigation is of great importance to reduce deep percolation losses and the number of emitters. The current study aims to understand the effect of initial soil moisture on the wetting pattern an...

Plastic waste materials are constantly increasing around the world as a result of the growing human consumption of these materials day by day, with no actual solutions to get rid of them without causing harm to the environment or the health of living organisms. Therefore, in this research, two types of plastic waste materials are utilized to enhanc...

Soils geotechnical and mechanic features have significant impacts in road construction. Lift tests carried on clayey soils in the Far North Region of Cameroon revealed low levels of lift values. In order to improve these values, 2%, 4% and 6% of lime and cement were added to the initial material. Trials carried out in order to measure the plasticit...

Highly effective adsorbents derived from modified Di Linh bentonite (Lam Dong Province, Vietnam) were produced using Al3+ stock solution prepared from Al2(SO4)3•18H2O. Mineral, morphology, and surface area properties of untreated and Al-modified Di Linh bentonite were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, s...

The genus Hypericum is a widely distributed ornamental and therapeutic herb known for its diverse bioactive compounds, including xanthones. The levels of secondary metabolites in plants are influenced by the specific plant part, agronomic conditions, and environmental factors. Recently, the occurrence of tocotrienols, rare tocochromanols, was repor...

The selection of materials and substrates is essential for optimizing the thermal performance of green roofs. However, there has been limited research on green roof characteristics under subtropical conditions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the internal and substrate temperatures of six green roof prototypes and one control prototype. Prot...

The expansion of sugarcane production has led to increased nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental concerns. Optimizing N management is crucial for sustainable agriculture. Soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) has emerged as a valuable tool for mapping soil spatial variability and yield potenti...

China's Loess Plateau (LP) is a quintessential example of a desert transitional environment characterized by a distinctive soil profile comprising of a red clay layer overlain by loess. The source of the sedimentary materials that formed the plateau, as well as the mechanism for the red clay/loess transition, are yet unexplained. This study attribu...

The study examines urban flood risk and adaptation strategies in the Tamale Metropolitan area of Ghana. Geospatial techniques were employed to map flood-prone communities, while questionnaires were used to gather data from residents on flood adaptation strategies. The Kendall coefficient of concordance was applied to rank the effectiveness of the v...

To mitigate the loss of surface runoff and deep percolation in the water-scarce area and enhance the utilization of rainfall resources, this study adaptively determines the soil water content threshold triggering such losses by incorporating rainfall intensity (RI) and soil properties (SP) based on the model predictive control (MPC) framework. Thes...

The use of bentonite for recycling vegetable oils presents challenges, as even minor variations in the clay composition and structure can lead to significant differences in its ability to retain various chemical groups. This study investigates the structure–activity relationship of four bentonites—two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic (both in commer...

Embankments are crucial components of transportation and flood defense infrastructure, yet those constructed from clays are prone to weather-driven deterioration processes, resulting in gradual loss of hydromechanical performance and potentially severe failures. This paper documents a study aimed to forecast the time to failure of aging clay embank...

The joint mission from Mansoura University and the Daqahlia inspectorate (Supreme Council of Antiquities) began its work at the Tell Tebilla site near Mendes in the Delta in November 2018. During the excavation, several mastaba tombs were discovered. One of these, the so-called "Burnt Tomb" (Mastaba no. 4/M4), dates to the early Ptolemaic Period, a...

Dependable predictions of monopile foundation response to lateral loads are crucial to the efficient design of offshore wind turbine foundations. For squat monopile foundations, it is important to incorporate the distributed nonlinear moment-rotation response with depth, known as m-θ curves, in addition to traditional p-y curves and lumped force-di...

In this research, the effects of clay nano-particles addition and heat treatment on the elastic strain, mean stress, and stress amplitude of piston aluminum-silicon alloys were investigated. For such a purpose, strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were performed at 25, 200, 250, and 300 °C with the total strain amplitudes of 0.20%, 0.25%...

Andisol contains ingredients amorphous and non-crystalline clay that causes Andisol have high P-retention. Steel slag and bokashi of rice husk are expected not only to decrease P-retention but also to improve the chemical, physical and biological properties. This experiment was aimed to the interaction, relationship and combination steel slag with...

Porous materials are subjected to the corrosive effects of soluble salts. This corrosion, typically known as efflorescence, is primarily superficial. However, internal corrosion within the material is also frequently observed. This article presents a simulation of volumetric damage in sintered porous ceramic materials (made of clay (75 vol.%), quar...

p>Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese knotweed) is an herbaceous, clonal invasive plant that can create a monodominant stand that outcompetes native species, particularly throughout riparian zones. To better understand how this species is so successful at invading, and why particular locations in riparian settings are more at risk, we investigated a var...

This study investigates the post-agricultural transformation of Plaggic Podzols in a Subarctic environment, focusing on the Yamal region, Western Siberia. Agricultural practices historically altered the natural Histic Entic Podzols, leading to their conversion into anthropogenic soils with enhanced organic matter and nutrient profiles. Using a chro...

Background Autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) combined with biological agents is an advanced technique for treating osteochondral lesions. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of combining platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment with AOT on postoperative functional and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes in patients with...

The authors used the crushed coconut shell to make granular columns which were obtained from the market area of Kuantan, Pahang. The coconut was crushed into a similar size of coarse aggregate for the replacement of non-renewable resources like sand and gravel. From its general properties, a coconut shell is hard and can withstand a certain value o...

Based on the measured seepage data of earth/rockfill dams, it is of great significance for dam safety assessment to establish an accurate seepage prediction model through reasonable and effective mathematical methods. This paper presents a deep learning framework for dam seepage prediction and safety assessment, including ensemble empirical modal d...

Understanding the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) behaviour of clay formations, which are being considered as potential hosts for the disposal of radioactive waste in Europe, is important for the feasibility and the safe disposal of heat-generating radioactive waste in deep geological clayey formations. To ensure the reliability of numerical models a...

The ball penetrometer is widely performed in-situ and laboratory tests to interpret the strength characteristics of clayey soils. The penetration of ball penetrometer is a large deformation process. Therefore, large deformation finite element (LDFE) method has to be employed. However, the accuracy of the interpreted intact undrained shear strength...

In this work, a new methodology for dispersing metal particles supported in clay has been described. For this purpose, a sepiolite has been modified by a microwave-assisted treatment to increase the surface area and pore volume due to the progressive leaching of the Mg2+-species located in the octahedral sheet. These materials have been used as sup...

The objective of the research is to study the mechanical behavior of crushable particles containing an internal porosity. To ease the visualization of grains' crushing, expanded clay aggregates (LECA) was selected as a model material due to the brittle behavior of its particles and its high internal porosity. Identification of LECA's physical prope...

This article studies the effect of stabilization through incorporation of cement and lime on the bearing capacity of soil from BUGANGA in the Democratic Republic of Congo, with the aim of using it in road construction. Physical, identification, compaction, and bearing tests were carried out in the laboratory on the natural soil as well as after sta...

Understanding carbon (C) storage in different soil‐sized fractions of perennial bioenergy crops enhances our knowledge of how these crops contribute to long‐term soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, with positive implications for mitigating climate change through C sequestration. However, the extent to which perennial bioenergy crops contribute C in...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of Streptomyces lavendulae HHFA1 (Acc. No. HQ702485) on the extent of survival of the blackleg potato pathogen, Pectobacterium atrosepticum P3 (Acc. No. PQ588453), in sandy and clay soil types, along with characterization of the metabolites secreted by S. lavendulae that may be detrimental for the pat...

Shale characterization plays a critical role in assessing its viability as a hydrocarbon reservoir and optimizing hydraulic fracturing strategies. This study investigates the effectiveness of three key techniques—X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and linear swell meter (LSM)—in evaluating shale properties. A set of shale sampl...

In order to investigate the influence of the coexistence of clay and silt on the compression characteristics of sand, one-dimensional compression consolidation tests were carried out on reconstituted saturated sand–silt–clay mixtures with a constant initial void ratio, and the effects of fines content (FC) and clay–silt ratio (CS) on the compressio...

Sanitary landfill covers are exposed to varying environmental conditions; hence, the state of the clay layer also changes from saturated to unsaturated. The study aimed to predict the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the locally available compacted clay and clay with polyurethane to determine their behavior as they change from wet to dry using...

This investigation aims to determine the corrected Standard Penetration Number (SPT-Nc) and create thematic maps of SPT-Nc for the best semi-variogram model. This research is conducted based on the findings of 79 standard penetration tests (SPTs). Five SPTs were conducted in each borehole at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 m depths, measured from the ground su...

The study presented in this paper examines the impact of earthquakes with different frequency content on containment nuclear structures. Three sets of strong ground motion records (i.e., nine ground motions in total) were analyzed with low, medium and high Acceleration/Velocity ratio. The selected earthquakes all fall in the west coast of North Ame...

To study the effect of different salinities (0, 10, 30 and 60 dS/m) and wheat straw levels (0 and 2% by weight with C/N = 89.5) on carbon mineralization during 180 days (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15, 19, 24, 29, 36, 46, 60, 75, 90, 120, and 180), this study was conducted at the Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran in 2022. For this purpose, thre...

The present study is intended to study the performance of masonry panels under compression and shear with the inclusion of two different types of thin reinforcement, namely expanded metal mesh (EMM single layer/double layer) and composite mesh. The masonry unit types used in the present investigation include burnt clay bricks and solid concrete blo...

The Riemann Hypothesis (RH), posited by Bernhard Riemann in 1859, asserts that all non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function ζ(s) lie on the critical line Re(s) = 1/2. As a Clay Millennium Problem, it has resisted proof for over a century. This paper delivers a definitive resolution by integrating noncommuta-tive spectral geometry and topologi...

Geoenvironmental engineered barriers, such as geotechnical and hydraulic layered structures called liners, are essential for protecting the environment from pollution. Liners are usually compacted clay liners (CCL), geomembranes (GM), geosynthetic clay liners (GCL), or a combination of these liners (composite liners), which require significant atte...

Paleo Mega Lake of Rey, which is 1.7 times larger than the Caspian Sea, has existed on Iran's central plateau for at least 10,000 years. The shores of this lake extend from Kashan, passing south of Rey, reaching Semnan, and continuing to Kandahar and Shahr Sokhte. In the Yazd region, particularly in the cities of Meybod, Bideh, and Aqda, traces of...

We prove the global existence of smooth solutions to the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in R 3 for all smooth, divergence-free initial data with finite energy. Using a regularized Fourier framework with a biharmonic damping term, we construct solutions that remain smooth for all time, employing energy estimates and compactness to recover...

Accurate regional mapping of soil organic carbon (SOC) in croplands is essential for assessing soil carbon sequestration potential. However, accurate SOC mapping of cropland at a regional scale is challenging due to numerous natural and anthropogenic management factors. The impact of covered crop residue remains under-valued when mapping surface SO...

The present study aims to find out the best method for soil carbon determination using two methods, the wet acidified dichromate oxidation, Walkley-Black (W.B) and loss on ignition (LOI) methods. This study was employed on 30 soil samples from 0-20cm depth from three Duhok, Irbil and Sulaimaniya of Kurdistan region-Iraq. The following parameters ar...

This study investigates the coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) behaviour in anisotropic poroelastic media. The elastic stiffness is represented by using a cross-anisotropic constitutive model, while the water flow and the heat conduction are represented by using generalized Darcy's law and Fourier's law, respectively. Specifically, the THM formu...

The characteristics of the fired bricks change as the firing temperature changes, and this tendency is specific to each clay. In order to understand this trend for clays from the Bhaktapur area of Nepal, test specimens were prepared at different firing temperatures and various properties were measured. The results showed a relationship between firi...

The article is devoted to the study of natural factors that, to one degree or another, contribute to the formation of lenses of fresh groundwater in limestone and marl strata of Neogene deposits. According to the results of the research, changes in the salinity of soils in depth have been established and the possibility of artificial accumulation o...

This study investigates the phase separation effects of PG 64-22 modified rubberized binders with two types of nanocom-posite clays. Manual blending of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) and conditioning at 200 °C for 1 h were performed, followed by evaluating the binder properties under various curing and blending conditions. Performance characteristics...

The settlement and deformation of abandoned mining tunnels can lead to cracking, deformation, or even the collapse of surface structures. Recently, a dual-direction, four-lane expressway, designed a speed of 100 km/h, is planned to be constructed between Yuanling County and Chenxi County. This expressway will pass through a long-abandoned refractor...

Foundry sand such as silica sand has been imported into the country for manufacture of equipment which makes parts produced expensive to the end users. To manufacture affordable goods/parts to the end users, there is need to source for local silica sand deposit for the national founding industries. The aim of the study is to characterise the river...

In the current energy crisis, the focus on identifying ecosustainable solutions for the construction industry is growing significantly. The materials used, the assembly technologies and the labor force are the main costs that are found in the final price of a new construction or in the rehabilitation of the old buildings. However, the interest in r...

The people of Atebubu municipality depend almost entirely on groundwater for their daily water needs since they are not served with treated water from the Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL). The municipality has been battling with perennial potable water crisis for the past few decades as supply from the groundwater sources is erratic. This paper u...

This study clarifies the religious traditions underlying the façade-type clay architectural models unearthed from ancient Western Asia by analyzing their iconography apropos each period. The façade-type models considered in this study are one-storied, with a distinct façade, one large opening, and the cella crafted in the niche, three-dimensional,...

Effective thinning methods that balance yield, fruit quality, and ripening dynamics are essential to ensure efficient and sustainable apple production. This study examined the effects of various thinning treatments on ‘Gala Vill’ apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) to assess their impacts on fruit set, yield, and quality parameters. The experiment wa...

Geoarchaeological research shows that the origin of the Amazonian Archaeo-Anthrosols is directly linked to ancient indigenous villages, current archaeological sites. The Terra Preta Arqueológica (TPA), addressed in this work, belongs to the class of Antrosols. These are areas of extreme natural/cultural and scientific importance, as they keep recor...

To enhance the effectiveness of the packaging design for clay figurines, this study takes the traditional Beijing Clay Toy Rabbit, rich in cultural heritage, as the research subject, aiming to explore the innovative practice of urban memory theory in the packaging design of traditional crafts. By extracting design elements, conducting user surveys...