Classical Electrodynamics - Science topic

A bstract The universality of the logarithmic soft photon theorem in four dimensions can be traced to an infinite-dimensional asymptotic symmetry which acts as a local phase rotation on matter as we have shown in [1]. Here we extend our earlier results for the charges associated to these superphaserotations to all orders in the coupling and prove t...

We verify a recently derived equations relating the renormalization group running of two gauge couplings in $$\mathcal{N}=1$$ N = 1 SQCD + SQED by the explicit three-loop calculation. It is demonstrated that these equations are really valid in the HD + MSL scheme. In other words, if a theory is regularized by higher covariant derivatives and the re...

A bstract Unlike a classical charged bosonic field, a classical charged fermion field on a static charged black hole does not exhibit superradiant scattering. We demonstrate that the quantum analogue of this classical process is however present. We construct a vacuum state for the fermion field which has no incoming particles from past null infinit...

We study the generation of electromagnetic fields during inflation in a model with kinetic and axial couplings to the inflaton field using the gradient expansion formalism. This formalism allows us to simultaneously take into account the possible presence of two nonlinear phenomena: (i) the backreaction of the generated electromagnetic fields on th...

Recent advances in dielectric materials science reveal critical limitations in classical electrodynamics, particularly in explaining anomalous behaviors near plasma resonance and phase transition frequencies (ω* and ω**). Ivanova et al. (2024) introduce a recursive dielectric model incorporating telegrapher-style feedback, damping, and stiffness, c...

Under the framework of classical electrodynamics, this article investigates the nonlinear Thomson scattering generated by the cross-collision between a tightly focused linearly polarized Gaussian laser pulse and a relativistic electron through numerical simulation and emulation. The oscillation direction and emission angle of the electron’s traject...

We study the behavior of electromagnetic waves near the interface between two media: a dielectric medium and a conducting medium. Solving this problem within the framework of classical electrodynamics, we obtain results that coincide with the known ones, namely: (1) By comparison of the solution to this problem—when obtained within the framework of...

We use gauge fixing to derive Proca equation from Maxwell's classical electrodynamics in curved spacetime. Further restrictions on the gauge yield the Klein-Gordon equation for scalar bosons. The self-coupling of electromagnetic fields through spacetime curvature originates the inertia of wave packets for non-null field solutions, suggesting an ele...

Citation: Perry, J. A. (2025). Pulse-Induced Electrochemical Phenomena: Proposed mechanisms using extended electrodynamic theories. J Electrical Electron Eng, 4(2), 01-20. Abstract Prior studies have shown that energy gains can result from the application of inductively generated highvoltage pulses to the cathode of both Lead-Acid (Pb-A) and Lithiu...

Although the magnitude of the shift in the double-slit interference pattern when two electron beams pass outside a long solenoid has been confirmed in beautiful experiments, the direction of the deflection does not seem to appear in the published literature. It is claimed that careful quantum analysis gives a deflection direction opposite from that...

QED (quantum electrodynamics) is the QFT (quantum field theory) describing the interaction between light and matter. While conventional QED is based on TEM (transverse electromagnetic) waves, there has been increasing interest in the theoretical and experimental exploration of LSW (longitudinal scalar waves) solutions that are often omitted in CED...

Kühne's most important scientific work is the formulation of quantum electromagnetodynamics (QEMD). He published this theory for the first time in 1997 and in corrected and completed form in 2011. Kühne's theory is a generalization of quantum electrodynamics. QEMD includes both electric charges and magnetic charges (also known as Dirac magnetic mon...

Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) challenge conventional physics with behaviours like instantaneous acceleration and apparent teleportation. By applying extended electrodynamics (EED) and extended gravitomagnetics (EGM), we can better grasp these phenomena as the manipulation of energy within a unified field. Maxwell’s extended electrodynamics...

Stochastic Electrodynamics (SED) augments classical electrodynamics with a Lorentz-invariant zero-point field to reproduce certain quantum phenomena. Modal Fields (MF) Theory posits that a single energy-space field E(xµ) is the sole fundamental entity from which all known physics (spacetime, gauge forces, quantum behavior) emerges, with modificatio...

The study of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) and the development of field repulsion technologies are pushing the boundaries of physics and engineering. By incorporating Maxwell’s original scalar field back into electrodynamics equations, we enhance our comprehension of the forces influencing UAP occurrences. This advancement holds the potential...

The propulsion and manoeuvring capabilities of Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) defy our current understanding of physics, particularly within the framework of classical electrodynamics. This article explores the hypothesis that UAP employ a permeable crystalline lattice skin, capable of sustaining ultra-low frequency atomic vibrations that g...

The deflection of light by gravity, predicted by General Relativity (GR), has been extensively studied for scalar photons in classical electrodynamics. However, in various extensions of the Standard Model, vector photons-arising from modified theories of electromagnetism, extra-dimensional theories, and beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics-can exhib...

The collective interactions of nanoparticles arranged in periodic structures give rise to high-$Q$ in-plane diffractive modes known as surface lattice resonances (SLRs). While these resonances and their broader implications have been extensively studied within the framework of classical electrodynamics and linear response theory, a quantum optical...

The study of Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) presents significant challenges to our current understanding of physics, particularly through the lens of Maxwell's Classical Electrodynamics (CED). Observations of UAP, such as orbs and rods, demonstrate behaviour that defies classical interpretations, including the ability to defy inertia, alter...

The known problem of a "magnetic field work" is discussed. This work is usually declared null due to the zero product of the complanar vectors scalar triple product-the Lorentz force and the power expression contain the same speed vector. The application of the refined work determination including the differential of a path as Maclaurin series with...

Modulating macroscopic parameters of materials in time offers innovative avenues for manipulating electromagnetic waves. Due to such enticing prospects, the general research subject of time-varying systems is expanding today in different branches of electromagnetism and optics. However, compared with the research efforts and progresses that have ta...

The effects of magnetic field on magnetoelectric coupling, dielectric and transport properties of 0.5LaFeO3-0.5PbZr0.58Ti0.42O3 nanocomposites are investigated at room temperature. The maximum value of magnetoelectric coupling is found to ~ 1.3 and ~ 0.2 mV/cm-Oe, which approves the multiferroic in nature, it may agree with the strain mediated piez...

Plasmonic materials can be utilized as effective platforms to enhance luminescent signals of luminescent metal nanoclusters (LMNCs). Both surface enhanced fluorescence (SEF) and shell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced fluorescence (SHINEF) strategies take advantage of the localized and increased external electric field created around the plasmonic met...

Nanoplasmonic surfaces built up from silver nanoparticles (NPs) and core–shell Ag@Ag2O NPs with highly tunable optical properties are synthesized along two different reaction channels. Their structural properties are studied in detail and new in-depth physical insights into their tunable localized surface plasmon resonant absorption (LSPR) are prov...

Reconfigurable electromagnetic structures (REMSs), such as reconfigurable reflectarrays (RRAs) or reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), hold significant potential to improve the spectral efficiency of wireless communication systems and the accuracy of wireless sensing systems. Even though several REMS modeling approaches have been proposed in...

In this theoretical study, we investigate the generation of second harmonics (SH) during the interaction of a laser beam with a metallic nanoparticle (MNP) trimer. Utilizing a classical electrodynamics framework, we explore the nonlinear interactions between the laser beam fields and nanoparticles (NPs), accounting for dipole-dipole interactions am...

Stimulated Raman scattering of hydrogen molecules has been obtained using nano- and picosecond lasers. In this work, we aim to study the possibility of generating Stimulated Raman scattering scattering in hydrogen gas compressed to a high pressure of ~10 bar by excitation with a relatively high-energy femtosecond laser and obtaining frequency conve...

The quantum electromagnetic (EM) field is formulated in the Weyl-Wigner representation (WW), which is equivalent to the standard Hilbert space one (HS). In principle it is possible to interpret within WW all experiments involving the EM field interacting with macroscopic bodies, the latter treated classically. In the WW formalism the essential diff...

Radiation from certain oscillating charge distributions can have angular momentum that cannot be explained in classical electrodynamics. We consider the angular momentum of a single-photon field from an electric dipole oscillator and in particular compare the classical and quantum expressions for the mean-square field angular momentum. We show that...

There exists a choice of gauge in which the electromagnetic 4-potential may be expressed, up to a dimensionful constant, as the sum of two 4-momentum vector fields which together describe the motion of an exotic space-filling relativistic fluid whose constituent particles are each gravitational dipoles connected to a central positive or negative ma...

The quantum electromagnetic (EM) field is formulated in the Weyl–Wigner representation (WW), which is equivalent to the standard Hilbert space one (HS). In principle, it is possible to interpret within WW all experiments involving the EM field interacting with macroscopic bodies, the latter treated classically. In the WW formalism, the essential di...

A toy model of quantum behavior is derived from relativistic classical electrodynamics and the existence of intrinsic spin, as a feature of the magnetic interaction of Dirac particles modeled as relativistically circulating point charges. The magnetic force between two classical point charges, each undergoing relativistic circulatory motion of smal...

Conventional thermal emitters, such as a blackbody or the incandescent filament of a light bulb, lack the directionality or narrow linewidth required in many applications such as thermophotovoltaics and infrared sensing. Although thermal emission from bulk materials is well understood based on phenomenological heat transfer concepts like emissivity...

The interaction between condensed matter excitations and electromagnetic cavity fields serves as a rich playground for fundamental research and lies at the core of photonic and quantum technologies. Herein, the intriguing concept of composite states formed by distinct quasiparticles strongly coupled to the same optical cavity modes is experimentall...

The existence of consistent, standard and causal theory of point charged particle (for example electron) interacting with electromagnetic field was the subject of many investigations. This problem is often stated as the description of the system of electromagnetic pulse of radiation interacting with single point charged particle (for example electr...

Electromagnetic wave polarization engineering with help from a pair of identical anisotropic metasurfaces of twisted optical axes, is introduced. Flawless linear polarization rotation and conversion to circular are demonstrated for lossless designs while symmetries between the responses of plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces at different separati...

We have collected theoretical arguments supporting the functional role of nano-metallic coatings of solar cells, which enhance solar cell efficiency via by plasmon-strengthening the absorption of sun-light photons and reducing the binding energy of photoexcitons. The quantum character of the plasmonic effect related to the absorption of photons (ca...

The notion of strong light-matter coupling is typically associated with the observation of Rabi splitting, corresponding to the formation of the hybrid light-matter states known as polaritons. However, this relationship is derived based on the assumption that disorder can be ignored or acts as a perturbative effect. Contrary to conventional treatme...

The article changes the foundation of theoretical and mathematical physics by abandoning the principle of stationary action. It is shown that the use of the principle of stationary action in the theory of electromagnetism at the beginning of the 20th century led to the loss of uniqueness and to the loss of localization of electromagnetic energy tho...

Market dynamics is based on classical electrodynamics and uses quantum electrodynamics as a reference model framework. Its construction is always based on Bourbaki structuralism. Market dynamics studies the interaction between price, demand and supply. Quantum electrodynamics studies the interaction between photons, electrons and positrons. Both be...

The effect of a hypothetical maximal proper acceleration on the mass of a charged particle is investigated in the context of particle accelerators. In particular, it is shown that maximal proper acceleration implies an increase in the kinetic energy of the particle being accelerated with respect to the relativistic energy. Such an increase in kinet...

Market dynamics is based on classical electrodynamics and uses quantum electrodynamics as a reference model framework. Its construction is always based on Bourbaki structuralism. Market dynamics studies the interaction between price, demand and supply. Quantum electrodynamics studies the interaction between photons, electrons and positrons. Both be...

We have collected theoretical arguments supporting the functional role of nano-metallic coatings of solar cells, which enhance their efficiency via by plasmon strengthening of absorption of sun-light photons and reduction of binding energy of photo-excitons. The quantum character of plasmonic effect related with the absorption of photons (called as...

A rigorous treatment of light-matter interactions typically requires an interacting quantum field theory. However, many practical results are often derived using classical or semiclassical approximations, which are valid only when quantum-field fluctuations can be neglected. This approximation breaks down in scenarios involving large light intensit...

We study the Poincar\'e gauge theory of gravity with the most general Lagrangian quadratic in curvature and torsion, focusing on the possible interaction of the axial torsion with the electromagnetic field. From the analysis of the closed system of field equations, we identify the magnetic helicity density and the spin density of the electromagneti...

Global conservation laws of angular momentum (AM) are well-known in the theory of light–matter interaction. However, local conservation laws, i.e. the conservation law of AM at every point in space, remain unexplored especially in the context of relativistic Dirac–Maxwell fields. Here, we use the QED Lagrangian and Noether’s theorem to derive a new...

Phenomena of free-electron X-ray radiation are treated almost exclusively with classical electrodynamics, despite the intrinsic interaction being that of quantum electrodynamics. The lack of quantumness arises from the vast disparity between the electron energy and the much smaller photon energy, resulting in a small cross-section that makes quantu...

The concept of a perfect vacuum—an empty, transparent void through which light and other forms of energy pass without interference—has long been a cornerstone of modern physics. This assumption underpins key theories, from Maxwell's equations in classical electrodynamics to Einstein's theory of relativity and the foundations of quantum mechanics. H...

We add a missing element to the set of directly computable scenarios of light-matter-interaction within classical numerical Maxwell solvers, i.e., light scattering from hybrid systems of resonators and individual Fourier-limited emitters. In particular, individual emitters are incorporated as tiny polarizable and resonant spherical scatterers. This...

It is shown that a wave mechanical quantum theory can be derived from relativistic classical electrodynamics, as a feature of the magnetic interaction of Dirac particles modeled as relativistically circulating point charges. The magnetic force between two classical point charges, each undergoing relativistic circulatory motion of small radius compa...

Radiation from a localized, oscillating charge distribution can have angular momentum that cannot be explained in classical electrodynamics. We consider the simplest example -- electric dipole radiation of a single photon -- and show that this angular momentum is attributable to zero-point oscillations in unexcited states of the dipole source.

Poisson electrodynamics is the low-energy limit of a rank-one noncommutative gauge theory. It admits a closed formulation in terms of a Poisson structure on the space-time manifold and reproduces ordinary classical electrodynamics in the commutative limit. In this paper, we address and solve the problem of minimal coupling to charged matter fields...

It is shown that the use of the principle of least action when creating the theory of the electromagnetic field leads to problems and is accompanied by errors. This article briefly presents a natural construction of the electromagnetic field theory free from these shortcomings. The construction is carried out in terms of differential forms and anti...

The interaction between light and matter in condensed matter excitations and electromagnetic resonators serves as a rich playground for fundamental research and lies at the core of photonic and quantum technologies. Herein, we present comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies of the photon-mediated hybridization of magnons and phonons in t...

Torsion fields are currently perceived as science fiction. It is shown here that such a perception is incorrect since the existence of torsion fields around terrestrial objects is determined by the laws of classical electrodynamics. In addition, it is shown here that there are both natural and artificial phenomena that can be considered as evidence...

A bstract We combine the observable-based formalism (KMOC), the analytic properties of the scattering amplitude, generalised unitarity and the heavy-mass expansion with a newly introduced IBP reduction for Fourier integrals, to provide an efficient framework for computing scattering waveforms. We apply this framework to the scattering of two charge...

The energy transport theorem (ETT)-based decoupling mode theory (DMT) uses diagonalizing input power operator (IPO) method to calculate the energy-decoupled modes (DMs) of wave-port-fed transmitting antennas. This paper focuses on examining the rationality of the method. To examine the rationality, a set of energy functionals involved in the wave-p...

We set forth an electromagnetic model of the electron as a spinning (negative) charge ring that is very smoothly embedded in the ambient vacuum and is in equilibrium due to only electromagnetic forces, and this modeling technique also goes over to modeling protons, positrons, and with a neutron being modeled as an electron & a proton in a certain c...

We discuss how classical electromagnetic techniques are useful to describe optical effects in conventional and chiral dielectric systems endowed with optical activity. Starting from the Maxwell equations and constitutive relations of the medium, we obtain the wave equation (for the electric field) that yields the refractive indices and the correspo...

Ferromagnetic matter finds its microscopic origin in the intrinsic electron spin, which is considered to be a purely quantum mechanical property of the electron. To incorporate the influence of the electron spin in the microscopic and macroscopic Maxwell equations -- and thereby in classical physics -- two models have been utilized: the electric cu...

This work contains sufficient conditions for the solvability of a third-order coupled system with two differential equations involving different Laplacians, fully discontinuous nonlinearities, two-point boundary conditions, and two sets of impulsive effects. The first existing result is obtained from Schauder’s fixed point theorem, and the second o...

Positron modeling but with the idea that only the six quontienta of each ordered pair of these the three quanta of positron mass, positron charge and positron spin angular momentum are revealed by experiment, not these three quanta themselves. If the three tuple [m, q, hbar/2] is the mass, charge, and spin quanta of the positron, respectively, we a...

In classical electrodynamics, the well-known Lorentz force law falls short of providing a satisfactory result for the trajectory of point-like charged particles when considering that particle’s own self-force. While there have been many historical attempts, Gralla, Harte and Wald developed a new model for classical charged particles that is free fr...

Background In classical electrodynamics, light-matter interactions are modelled using Maxwell equations. The solution of Maxwell equations, which is typically given by means of the electric and magnetic field, is vectorial in nature. Yet it is well known that light-matter interactions can be approximately described in a scalar (polarization indepen...

The main purpose of the present paper is to prove the existence of periodic solutions of the three-body problem in the 3D Kepler formulation. We have solved the same problem in the case when the three particles are considered in an external inertial system. We start with the three-body equations of motion, which are a subset of the equations of mot...

Fifty percents absorption by thin film, with thickness is much smaller than the skin depth and optical thickness much smaller than the wavelength, is a well-known concept of classical electrodynamics. This is a valuable feature that has been numerously widely explored for metal films, while chemically inert nanomembranes are a real fabrication chal...

Among the courses of theoretical physics, the subject “Classical mechanics” occupies a special place. It is the first in the series and introduces fundamental ideas and laws that are being used later in the courses “Classical electrodynamics”, “Quantum mechanics”, “Statistical physics”, “Quantum field theory”, and “Classical theory of gravitation”....

The fact that electromagnetic effects propagate at the speed of light suggests how the Lorenz-gauge scalar and vector potentials of a uniformly moving point charge must be modified when the charge was initially at rest and then set suddenly into uniform motion. The modified potentials are shown to satisfy the requisite inhomogeneous wave equations....

Wave phenomena in bianisotropic media have been broadly scrutinized in classical electrodynamics because these media offer additional degrees of freedom to engineer electromagnetic waves. However, the majority of investigations concerning such systems have so far been limited to stationary (time-invariant) media. Temporally varying the magnetoelect...

There has been ongoing debate about the efficacy and mechanism of action of neuromodulation devices in pain relief applications. It has recently been suggested that both issues may be resolved if electromagnetic theory is incorporated into the understanding and application of this technology, and we therefore undertook an in silico analysis to furt...

It is shown that one of the solutions to Maxwell's equations in spherical coordinates is a spherical wave, which can be identified with a particle that is both a particle and a wave. This creates a mathematical description of the particle-AND-wave, as opposed to the particle-OR-wave described by modern quantum physics, which cannot be both at the s...

Dielectric nanostructures exhibit intriguing optical properties and outstanding advantages in designing optical nanoantennas and metasurfaces compared to plasmonic nanostructures. This study employs classical electrodynamic methods to comprehensively explore the scattering characteristics of silicon triangular nanoprisms in monomer and oligomer for...

The alloying process plays a pivotal role in the development of advanced multifunctional plasmonic materials within the realm of modern nanotechnology. However, accurate in silico predictions are only available for metal clusters of just a few nanometers, while the support of modelling is required to navigate the broad landscape of components, stru...

Weber-Maxwell electrodynamics is a modernized, compressed, cleansed and, in many respects, advantageous representation of classical electrodynamics that results from the Liénard-Wiechert potentials. In the non-relativistic domain, it is compatible with both Maxwell’s electrodynamics and Weber electrodynamics. It is suitable for all electrical engin...

The daily dynamics of the potential difference arising in the wood of the trunk of the hanging birch (Betula pendula Roth) at ambient temperature changes makes it possible to simulate the dynamics of the processes of redistribution of salt ions in the pores. An analysis of the results of measuring the potential difference in the wood of the model t...

This article delves into the generation and modulation process of X-rays as high-energy photon sources. Using the principles of classical electrodynamics, this study enables nonrelativistic short pulse lasers to collide with high-energy electrons while the collision center is away from the focal point. This scattering method may produce X-rays with...

There is a well-known asymmetry in classical electromagnetism, apparent in Maxwell’s equations, that arises from the existence of electric but not magnetic charge. This has motivated numerous experimental searches for magnetic monopoles which have, to date, not been found. To address this asymmetry, the research reported here generalizes these equa...

In classical electrodynamics, the famous Huygens–Fresnel principle is usually expressed in terms of some convolution integral formulations (CIFs). The conventional CIFs are generalized in this paper. The generalized CIFs are applicable to the simply connected dielectric scatterer, multiply connected dielectric scatterer, multi-body dielectric scatt...

Nanoscale light-matter interactions associated with quantum emitters in plasmonic environments enables fundamental exploration of quantum physics while promising applications within fields such as information technologies and sensing. As the fabrication of metallic nanostructures becomes increasingly precise down to the few-nanometer regime, the in...

From the point of view of classical electrodynamics, nano-optical and enantioselective tweezers for single biomolecules have been routinely investigated using achiral and chiral localized surface plasmons, respectively. In this work, we propose the use of interference of collective plasmons (Fano-type plasmon) that exist in densely hexagonal plasmo...

How does the quantum-to-classical transition of measurement occur? This question is vital for both foundations and applications of quantum mechanics. Here, we develop a new measurement-based framework for characterizing the classical and quantum free electron–photon interactions and then experimentally test it. We first analyze the transition from...

The noncommutative electrodynamics based on the canonical Poisson gauge theory is studied in this paper. For a pure spatial non-commutativity, we investigate the plane wave solutions in the presence of a constant and uniform magnetic background field for the classical electrodynamics in canonical Poisson gauge theory. We obtain the properties of th...

The interaction of a solenoid with a passing charged particle can be treated within classical or quantum physics. If charged particles pass around both sides of a solenoid, there is an experimentally-observed Aharonov-Bohm deflection of the double-slit particle interference pattern between charges passing on opposite sides. Such a deflection can be...

Synge’s problem consists in to determine the dynamics of two point electrical charges interacting through their electromagnetic fields, without to take into account the radiation terms due to the self-forces in each charge. We discuss how this problem is related to the question on to establish initial conditions for the electromagnetic fields that...

Electrodynamics in noninertial metrices based on unified transformation law (UTL) for 4-vectors and tensors inherit new origin of 4D electromagnetic (EM) wave, complete form of 4D Lorentz force that is not possible in usual Lorentz Transformation (LT) and Galilean transformation (GT). Noninertial metrices consist of vacuum metric in terms of number...

p>Maxwell's equations from the 19th century and the almost equally old Lorentz force equation provide the theoretical basis of all of electrical engineering and consequently the foundation for the majority of all modern technologies. For point charges, this system of partial differential equations reduces to the Weber-Maxwell wave equation. In this...

We consider the Casimir pressure between two metallic plates and calculate the four contributions to it determined by the propagating and evanescent waves and by the transverse magnetic and transverse electric polarizations of the electromagnetic field. The range of interplate separations is considered where nearly the whole pressure has its origin...

We investigate the nonexistence of massless electrically charged point particles in the context of classical electrodynamics. Using the results in [1, 2] we formulate a thought experiment that shows if there was a finite energy threshold at which pair production of such massless electrically charged particles could occur, then their interaction wit...

Thought experiments are effective tools of theoretical physics, and historically they have led to the discovery of many useful ideas and relations. Yet they also give rise to paradoxes that persist for long periods of time despite enormous efforts to resolve them. A problem par excellence, one that falls within the realm of classical electrodynamic...

A relativistic version of the correspondence principle, a limit in which classical electrodynamics may be derived from quantum electrodynamics (QED), has never been clear, especially when including gravitational mass. Here we introduce a novel classical field theory formulation of electromagnetism, and then show that it approximates QED in the limi...

p>Maxwell's equations from the 19th century and the almost equally old Lorentz force equation provide the theoretical basis of all of electrical engineering and consequently the foundation for the majority of all modern technologies. Furthermore, these equations represent an essential basis of modern physics. For point charges, this system of parti...

Maxwell’s equations from the 19th century and the almost equally old Lorentz force equation provide the theoretical basis of all of electrical engineering and consequently the foundation for the majority of all modern technologies. For point charges, this system of partial differential equations reduces to the Weber- Maxwell wave equation. In this...

When photons propagate in vacuum they may fluctuate into matter pairs thus allowing the vacuum to be polarised. This \emph{linear} effect leads to charge screening and renormalisation. When exposed to an intense background field a \emph{nonlinear} effect can arise when the vacuum is polarised by higher powers of the background. This nonlinearity br...

In a previous paper we studied the Kepler problem for the extended Synge's 2-body problem of classical electrodynamics. We have used the radiation terms introduced in our previous papers and prove an existence-uniqueness of a periodic orbit in polar coordinates which confirmed the Bohr's hypothesis of the existence of the stationary states in the f...

Electromagnetic wave refraction and reflection at the interface between vacuum and lossy metamaterial with zero real part of permittivity are analytically described by macroscopic classical electrodynamics. The analytical model is based on exact solutions of electromagnetic boundary problems. We have good reason to believe that in lossy metamateria...

Classical electrodynamics (CED) has achieved great success in its domain of application, but despite this success, it has remained a theory that lacks complete self-consistency. It is worthwhile trying to make CED a self-consistent theory, because many important phenomena lie within its scope, and because modern field theories have been modelled on...

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the divergence of the electron self-energy in classical electrodynamics. To do so, we appeal to the theory of distributions and a method for obtaining corresponding extensions. At first sight, electrostatics implies a divergence once we treat the electron as a charged point particle. However, our constructio...

Screened plasmon properties of graphene near a perfect electric conductor are investigated using classical electrodynamics and a linearized hydrodynamic model that includes Fermi correction. A general expression for the dispersion relation of the mentioned screened plasmonic waves is given and illustrated graphically. The result indicates that for...

Observing the behavior of the rigid ball out on the rotating rigid material mechanical saddle in the gravity field what was the toy model of his trap presented by Paul at his Nobel Prize lecture [1] we intuitively deduce without any calculations the stability of motion with the dynamics obtained from the Hamiltonian H = p_x^2/2 + p_y^2/2 + a omega^...

The Aharonov–Bohm phase shift in a particle interference pattern when electrons pass a long solenoid is identical in form with the optical interference pattern shift when a piece of retarding glass is introduced into one path of a two-beam optical interference pattern. The particle interference-pattern deflection is a relativistic effect of order 1...