Science topics: LawCivil LawCivil Rights
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Civil Rights - Science topic

Civil Rights are legal guarantee protecting the individual from attack on personal liberties, right to fair trial, right to vote, and freedom from discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin. (from http://www.usccr.gov/ accessed 1/31/2003)
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Mouth and talk goes like the food and digestion, (my coinage.).
Of my understanding of Sharia, Sharia meant to be Safety and a device for Tommy Robinson. As Sharia is meant to be for safety and justice.
Anyway, I believe Tommy Robinsons concern should not be ignored, he has right of seeking safety and freedom to his freedom of speech.
Mouth and talk goes like the food and digestion, (my coinage.)
Regards
Author Dr Fatema Miah.
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It seems you’re expressing a mix of views about Tommy Robinson, Sharia law, and interpretations of Islam. It’s important to consider that discussions around these topics can be complex and sensitive, with a range of perspectives.
Tommy Robinson is a controversial figure who has been involved in discussions around immigration, Islam, and free speech, and opinions about him are deeply divided. Supporters often view him as someone standing up for free expression and safety, while critics accuse him of promoting Islamophobia and division.
Regarding Sharia law, it’s essential to recognize that interpretations of Sharia can vary widely among Muslims around the world. Many view it as a guiding framework for ethical and moral conduct, while others associate it with more extreme interpretations that can lead to harmful practices.
It’s crucial Fatema Miah to differentiate between the actions of individuals or groups claiming to represent a religion and the beliefs of the broader community. Many Muslims advocate for peace, understanding, and coexistence, emphasizing that the actions of extremists do not reflect their faith.
Engaging in constructive dialogue and seeking common ground can help bridge divides and foster understanding among diverse perspectives.
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Would workers desire labor unions less if Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs guided distributing an economic basis for each individual? How? Why?
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If Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs guided the distribution of economic resources, workers might desire labor unions less because:
  1. Basic Needs Met: If employers effectively address physiological and safety needs (e.g., fair wages, job security), workers may feel less compelled to unionize for these essentials.
  2. Higher Needs Focus: With foundational needs satisfied, workers might prioritize self-actualization and belonging, potentially leading to greater satisfaction within existing organizational structures.
  3. Increased Employer Responsibility: If companies actively promote personal and professional growth, the perceived need for collective bargaining may diminish.
However, some workers might still seek unions to address inequities, ensure fair practices, or advocate for their higher-level needs, indicating that unions may still play a crucial role in advocating for workers' rights and interests.
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Can legal personhood and rights be assigned to nature?
Can nature be granted legal rights?
Is it possible to give legal rights to natural entities?
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Thanks Lukas for your Your useful answer
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On one hand it seems that being required to report for jury duty is a violation of some kind of civil rights. On the other hand, this is necessary for the present-day justice system to work. How well it works is another discussion for another thread but here I am taking it as given that the present-day justice system is enough reason to justify the need for people to be forced to report for jury duty. There is a special problem for people that cannot easily travel to a required location at a required time. I think that people that are ordered to report should be provided with transportation. How do I help to make that happen? Do I write to a congress person? Do I sign some kind of petition that already exists?
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I disagree with some of your description.
I think that reporting for jury duty is a civil right.
Jury trials are a civil right.
Reporting for jury duty is doing the civil rights of the jury and of the accused person.
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A writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution is filed before Bombay High Court by the petitioner (Father of Minor Girl) to protect the legal rights and health interest of her daughter, who as on date is stated to be 17 years and 4 months old. As set out in the petition, sometime back it came to the petitioner’s knowledge, that her daughter is about seven months pregnant. Her daughter has refused to disclose the details in that regard, stating that her relationship with the concerned person, who is also a minor, was consensual.
The petitioner’s daughter as also the petitioner do not intend to take any legal action taken against such person, with whom she was in relationship.
The grievance of the petitioner is that in the peculiar facts and circumstances of the case, whenever the petitioner approached a clinic or a hospital for medical treatment for her daughter, she was called upon to show a police complaint made by her.
It is the petitioner’s case that as the petitioner’s daughter never intended to register any police complaint and for want of which she is being deprived of medical treatment.
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I do not see why the health care has to be connected with the fact if the pacient filled a police complaint or not. These are two different issues. If anything, the hospital should be attentive to the victim, provide healthcare and inform the police itself if the hospital has suspition that a crime was committed. But I am not aware of the facts of the case nor of the particualrities of the legal system in India.
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What could your "political inclinations" possibly have to do with the scientific issues discussed on this website?
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acta jure imperii, state sovereign immunity, genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, military occupation, property rights, civil tort law, jurisdiction, right to a fair trial.
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نعم الكتب متوفرة عن جرائم الحرب والجرائم ضد الانسانية وجرائم الاحتلال واذا تحب ارسل لك مصادر الكترونية من تطبيق التلي كرام
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Plagiarism is the act of using someone else's work, ideas, or intellectual property without proper attribution or permission and presenting it as one's own. Famous plagiarism cases have occurred in various fields, including literature, music, academia, and journalism.
Here are some well-known plagiarism cases:
  1. James Mackay (1732): The Scottish poet James Mackay was accused of plagiarizing the work of Anne Home, another poet, in his poem "The Mountain Muse." This case is one of the earliest recorded instances of literary plagiarism.
  2. Helen Keller and Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1892): Helen Keller, the famous deaf-blind author, was accused of plagiarism for her story "The Frost King," which bore similarities to Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "Frost at Midnight." However, it was argued that Keller may have unconsciously absorbed Coleridge's work through her teacher's reading.
  3. Jayson Blair (2003): Jayson Blair, a journalist for The New York Times, was caught plagiarizing numerous articles and fabricating stories. This scandal led to his resignation and raised questions about journalistic ethics.
  4. Kaavya Viswanathan (2006): Kaavya Viswanathan, a Harvard University student and author, faced accusations of plagiarizing passages from multiple books in her debut novel, "How Opal Mehta Got Kissed, Got Wild, and Got a Life." The controversy led to the withdrawal of her book from publication.
  5. Quentin Rowan (2011): Also known as Q.R. Markham, Rowan was exposed for plagiarizing from multiple spy novels in his book "Assassin of Secrets." The plagiarism was discovered, and his novel was quickly withdrawn from circulation.
  6. Senator Joe Biden (1987): Then-Senator Joe Biden, who later became Vice President and then President of the United States, was embroiled in a plagiarism scandal during his 1988 presidential campaign. He was found to have lifted passages from a British politician's speech without proper attribution.
  7. Nina Zilli (2012): Italian singer Nina Zilli was accused of plagiarizing the song "L'Amore È Femmina" for the Eurovision Song Contest. It was alleged that the song bore similarities to a Croatian song, resulting in a plagiarism dispute.
  8. Martin Luther King Jr. (1991): After King's assassination, it was revealed that parts of his doctoral dissertation at Boston University and some of his speeches contained unattributed passages from other authors. This discovery led to discussions about his academic integrity, though his legacy as a civil rights leader remains strong.
These cases illustrate that plagiarism can occur in various forms and across different fields. Plagiarism not only damages the reputation of individuals but also raises ethical and legal concerns. It is essential to give proper credit to the original creators and sources to maintain integrity and honesty in creative and scholarly work.
Source: CHATGPT
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT: AI Language Model. Retrieved [041023] from [https://chat.openai.com/]
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Add Claudine Gay, former President of Harvard.
Joe Biden was also guilty of plagiarism in law school,
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Does the Journals have legal rights to suggest changing the affilation of the authors? The affilation of the University is correctly mentioned and legal under the University laws.
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I think they can "suggest". A sole suggestion does not qualify as a prohibited act. The problem is when they make the publication conditional on a change of affiliation - here I would oppose.
Best regards,
Kamil.
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Why do you presume to give yourself the right to treat me like a servant?
The question addressed many individuals, departments, staff, students, and administrators, including Dr. Rosa E. Coronado, Ed.D., San Jose State University (SJSU), and the California Faculty Association (CFA).
Unfortunately, No one replied to my response to All SJSU Admins (president, VPs, Associate VPs, Sr. Directors, Directors, Managers, Deans, Associate Deans, Departments' Chairs), Faculty, Lecturers, and Students. Except for receiving a phone call of threat from the current dean of the College of Engineering (Sheryl Ehrman) and (Dr. Rosa E. Coronado), they seemed to agree with the discrimination or, most likely, the fear of retaliation.
AEEH PRESS INC.
Second Press Release – First Crime Report
November 30, 2023
Book #7: San Jose State University: An Attempt to Assassinate a Scientist Morally (From 2006 up to now)
First Crime Report Title: Senior Director of Academic Employee Relations Shows that she is the Master of Discriminations.
My Respond to Dr. Dr. Rosa E. Coronado, Ed.D. (She/Her/Hers)
From: Professor Dr. M.E. Fayad,
Full Tenured Professor at SJSU
To: All SJSU Admins (President, VPs, Associate VPs, Sr. Directors, Directors, Managers, Deans, Associate Deans, Chairs), Faculty, Lecturers, Students
To:
Dr. Rosa E. Coronado, Ed.D. (She/Her/Hers)|
Senior Director of Academic Employee Relations
San José State University | University Personnel
One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192-0046
Direct Line: 408.924.1987 | Fax: 408.924.2425
And
Mr. Ray Buyco
CFA-SJSU Chapter President
I communicated with you in different correspondence via email, and I asked to call you in many unpleasant situations, but you didn't reply.
Do you know why? Because you saw many individuals cutting my neck, and you were as well.
What do I mean by a channel in this context? I will tell you about my entire career and livelihood, as this letter illustrates.
I have nothing against you or anyone else personally, and I am not threatening anyone. I respect everyone in this College and the universe. Please leave your ego aside. I am addressing you in your roles at the u University. So when I say "your" or "you" in this letter, I refer to roles, not actors.
Dr. Coronado, before answering your emails, I want to enumerate some ugly events in which you participated:
[1] Destroying my scientific reputation, teaching experience, career, and research work.
[2] Denying my right to earn money according to your rules and policies and my legal rights as a full professor and well-known scientist and engineer.
[3] Destroying my health, denying my salary, canceling my insurance, and demoting me from a full-time professor twice to a lecturer for two years.
[4] You changed my pension from tenured full professor to a lecturer and stole two years from my service.
You have made false and abusive statements about me in your email. I will focus on the phrase, "As we continue your paid suspension and subsequent consequences." Let me elaborate on its falsehood and illegality.
1) "We continue your paid suspension": You don't pay me; like me, you are an employee of SJSU. You are not the owner of this University. When you say "we," it suggests that I am working for you and waiting for your kindness to pay me. We both get paid by the University supported by the state of California. Wake up. SJSU is a public University.
2) "paid suspension": I get paid because I am a tenured full professor. I am among the foremost in my field and have the best citations in the entire College of Engineering in the CSU system. Do not consider the fake citations of some of the existing faculty.
3) "paid suspension and subsequent consequences': The consequences are based on false allegations and evaluations by people who are not experts in my field–ugly discrimination. I have mentioned this before, and I could elaborate with further details.
4) "subsequent consequences": These subsequent consequences caused catastrophic damages to my health, research work, publications, scientific reputation, and career.
5) "I would like to take this opportunity to introduce you to the new CFA Chapter President, Mr. Ray Buyco.": He can contact me directly. But of course, whatever I tell him must be top secret. According to the CFA bylaws, communication between me and anyone in the CFA must be top secret.
Here is my question to you and all the administration, faculty, students, and the CFA:
Will you pay me all the money I owe for teaching, travel, advising, research, publication, and employing students?
The SJSU owes me substantial back payments for the following:
1) Teaching large classes since 2002.
2) Travel on a yearly allowance to different countries such as Vietnam, Egypt, Finland, and Hong Kong, as well as travel within the USA.
3) Advising since 2002 for 13 theses and many graduate projects. Many students' projects are "Advisory Points."
4) Research: I published over 200 articles and columns, more than 13 theme issues, more than six books, etc. According to your policies, I should receive money for each publication. Unfortunately, I received nothing. The University rejected all my research support for proposed projects.
5) Hired and supported students and their publications.
6) Denying paying for conference registration fees and accommodation for all my students and me.
7) Promising funds by the previous Provost and Acting Dean and not getting the funds.
8) Do not forget the destruction of my career in the more than 23 years of demotion and suspension with no salary or no salary, isolation, elimination, retaliation, abuse, discrimination, racism, and making traps all the time.
All of the above instances are nasty crimes and are scenarios documented in 18 volumes of Collective Injustice.
Records exist for all the missing back payments and many corrupt parties with the Computer Engineering Department (CmpE), College of Engineering (CoE), and SJSU. The silence of the CmpE faculty is evidence of shame. I promise you and all the participants I will get all the money with damage and indicate who is involved in the scenarios. I will also show many methods of existing ugly corruption within the SJSU, California Faculty Association (CFA), and two CFA volumes on Collective Injustice.
I don't trust you or any other San Jose State University administrator. And yet, you want me to interact with this corrupted CFA. Please refer to my petition against the CFA.
I intend to publicly share evidence of misconduct against me by you and other individuals and organizations. Please remember I have been at this University for 23 years, including the two stolen years. I am working on videos, letters, and live broadcasts about you and all the people who participated with false allegations about my work, job, teaching, and research and who have been part of very abusive actions against me.
You are destroying everything I stood for and worked so hard for. My initial question:
Why do you presume to give yourself the right to treat me like a servant?
I refuse to submit to your judgment of me. The only Being whose judgment I accept is that of my Creator, the almighty God "Allah."
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In case you haven't noticed, what happened to you has happened to a lot of would-be professors. The onslaught of neoliberal policies being imposed on universities over the last few decades has included the ever increasing replacement of tenured professors (as a % of the university labor force) by untenured, low-paid, adjuncts for temporary precarious jobs. In other words, most of those employed for teaching - and not the prestige of their grants and publications - have been increasingly treated as waged-labor. Short of the revolutionary replacement of capitalism the apparently best option for these waged laborers is the traditional one: unionization and collective bargaining with their employers. As Mother Jones would say: Organize! https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mary_Harris_Jones
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Do you think "the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States" and provided all citizens with "equal protection under the laws" in California (Arabic)?
هل تعتقد أن "التعديل الرابع عشر يمنح الجنسية لجميع الأشخاص "المولودين أو المتجنسين في الولايات المتحدة" ويمنح جميع المواطنين "حماية متساوية بموجب القوانين" في كاليفورنيا؟
في حالتي، الجواب هو: "لا أعتقد ذلك".
كيف هو الحال في حالتك؟
سيتم توسيع هذا البيان الصحفي ليشمل العديد من البيانات الصحفية مع قائمة الجرائم وتقارير شرطة الجريمة.
البيان الصحفي الأول
November 18, 2023
سلسلة الكتب الوثائقية: الظلم الجماعي
الكتاب الثاني:
حكومة كاليفورنيا ومؤسساتها لا حياة لمن تنادي
أعلن مارتن لوثر كينغ ذات مرة أن "السلطة في أفضل حالاتها هي الحب في تنفيذ مطلب العدالة". وبناء على ذلك، أنا هنا لعرض قضيتي. منذ عدة سنوات وأنا أحاول جاهداً أن أدفع الظلم الجماعي عن ساحتي، الظلم الذي يتعرض له كثير من الأشخاص والمؤسسات، وهو ما لا يحصى. ولم أجد من ينصرني إلا الله رب العالمين. فقلت لنفسي أن أتوجه إلى الحكومة ومؤسساتها، والقضاء، والمحامين، وأطلب المساعدة منهم جميعاً. وها أنا أعرض عليهم طلباتي وخطابي وأدلتي الصحيحة حتى أجد منهم من ينصفني ويرفع عني نير الظلم. لقد كلفني ذلك جهدًا كبيرًا ووقتًا ثمينًا ومالًا كثيرًا، بالإضافة إلى حرق أعصابي وتدهور صحتي وقلة مواردي المالية بالكاد تغطي احتياجاتي المعيشية اليومية أو متطلباتي الطبية والصحية، مما دفعني إلى الغرق في الكثير من الديون التي أرهقتني. إضافة إلى ذلك فقد أساؤوا معاملتي عندما طالبت بحقوقي القانونية في كافة معاملاتي ومستحقاتي كمواطن أمريكي مسن من ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة، لكن لم يستمع أو يهتم أحد. وهو المجلد الأول من بين أكثر من خمسة وثلاثين مجلداً، يحتوي بين أغلفته على كل أدلة الرسائل والعرائض التي تبين التزوير ضدي شخصياً، مما كان له أثر كارثي على عملي وصحتي وحياتي كلها، وردودي إلى ذلك كله بالأدلة الدامغة.
لقد عملت لعدة أشهر على إعداد مجلدات كاملة عن كل المظالم الجماعية التي ارتكبها الجميع. لقد أرسلت ملفًا نصف شهري إلى مكتب المدعي العام في كاليفورنيا، والمؤسسات الحكومية في كاليفورنيا، والحكومة الفيدرالية، وهيئات حقوق الإنسان والهيئات المدنية، وعدد مناسب من وسائل الإعلام المحلية والصحف. سأشارككم جميع الملفات، ولكن توقفت بعد شهر ونصف بعد إرسال أربع مجلدات والنتائج وخيمة. وخلاصة القول كما يلي: لا قيمة ولا وزن لأي مواطن أميركي في مجتمع الحرية والعدالة الذي شهد ثورة كارثية وتحول إلى مجتمع القيود والأغلال والظلم الجماعي. انظر حولك. لقد زادت قيمة كل شيء عدة مرات، بينما انخفضت قيمة المواطن الأمريكي عدة مرات، ومن المفترض أن يحدث العكس. انقلبت الدنيا رأسا على عقب، وأصبحت أمريكا مثل مصر، تحكمها الأغلال والقيود. والظلم الجماعي لمواطنيها.
سأقدم بلاغات جريمة إلى الشرطة ومكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي ومحاكم كاليفورنيا والمحاكم الفيدرالية العليا، جميعهم ضدهم.
حكومة كاليفورنيا في وادٍ، وبقية شرفاء كاليفورنيا في وادٍ آخر.
حان الوقت الآن لاختيار من يمثلنا وليس نفسه.
لقد حان الوقت لاختيار من يعاملنا بإنسانية وليس بالعنصرية القذرة.
لقد حان الوقت لجعل أميركا العدالة، أميركا المواطنة المخلصة، أميركا الحرية لجميع المواطنين.
لقد حان الوقت لجعل أميركا مهد وقائدة الديمقراطية الحقيقية وحقوق الإنسان الفعالة في مختلف أنحاء العالم.
حان الوقت. حان الوقت
تنبيه هام
الغرض من كتابة هذا البيان الصحفي ليس الإساءة إلى أي شخص، أو مؤسسة، أو مجموعة أو حزب سياسي أو حكومة أو دولة في العالم. بل الغرض هو الإبلاغ وإخبار ما حدث لي من خطأ حتى لا تتكرر تجربتي مع الآخرين. ويهدف إلى الحفاظ على استقرار المجتمع وضمان حماية أفراده، سواء كانوا مواطنين أو وافدين. إنها صرخة مني لكي تصل إلى آذان العالم. ولعل أحد يسمعها ويساعدني في استعادة حقوقي الضائعة والمسروقة. أنوي أن أذكر أسماء بعض الأشخاص الذين أخطأوا في حقي. أنا لست ضد أي شخص، أو مؤسسة، أو حكومة، أو حزب سياسي، ولكني ضد أي فساد أو تجاوز من قبل بعض الأشخاص غير المسؤولين الذين لا يقومون بالدور المنوط بهم على النحو المناسب. هذا فقط للعلم
إذا كنت مهتمًا بمعرفة المزيد عن مأساتي، فيرجى التواصل معي على
(http://drfayad.com) ، ولا تتردد في الاتصال بي على (info.aitg@aeehitg.com) للحصول على المزيد قصص مع الكثير من الأدلة داخل هذا المجلد. تسبب التأخير في إنشاء الموقع في خسائر كبيرة لأن "Amazon Publishing Pro" لم تحترم العقد الموقع في 14 أبريل 2023، والمشاركة في الظلم الجماعي.
معلومات الاتصال
ايهيه بريس انك
ص.ب. صندوق 21514
سان خوسيه، كاليفورنيا 95151، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية
الهاتف: 650-304-1543
الفاكس – 408-984-3886
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Dr. Fayad,
Let me share my Opinion. The Fourteenth Amendment unequivocally conferred citizenship to anyone who were either born or naturalized in the United States. This marked a substantial change in the definition of American citizenship, especially in the wake of the Civil War. The primary objective was to ensure the rights of every individual, with a particular emphasis on those who were previously enslaved. The Amendment unequivocally established the constitutional foundation for citizenship by declaring that anybody born or naturalized in the United States is a citizen. This provision supersedes any state legislation that could have the ability to deny citizenship to specific individuals. This event was a crucial turning point in the constitutional history of the United States, as it broadened the comprehension and inclusiveness of citizenship. However, the actual implementation of these rights has been an ongoing challenge throughout American history. However, Do not forget yourself, All Law could be subject to change depending on the political stance and struggle of our country.
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Corruption has often been a thorn in the development of countries. Brazil is no exception. By some estimates, 7% of the gross domestic product of Brazil is siphoned off yearly in the form of kickbacks. This represents 200 billion dollars that rather than going toward better schools and hospitals is used instead to purchase and furnish lavish villas in the Swiss Alps by unscrupulous officials. It takes a strong and disciplined individual to not accept a bribe. Tribhuvandas Patel, who became a member of Mahatma Gandhi’s Freedom Movement in the 1930’s, was one such individual. He was instrumental in empowered a whole generation of poor Indian farmers through the establishment of cooperatives (Rajaram 2014). Patel had a steadfast rule: never take advantage as a civil servant by redirecting public funds toward one’s family.
Over the course of Brazil’s history this rule continues to be violated such that Lula da Silva who was once considered the new face of Brazil’s empowerment of the poor decided, along with his many colleagues, to enrich himself in the process. He is now serving a twelve-year prison sentence for his transgressions, but many of his associates continue to steal from the public treasury. This fact has put the Brazilian electorate in a tizzy as they go to the polls to vote for a new president. Shortly, they must decide between Fernando Haddad, who has been tainted by his associations with Lula da Silva, and Jair Bolsonaro who is differentially tainted by wanting to empower the military, to bring back torture, and to curtail the civil rights of Women, Blacks, and Gays whom he sees as less deserving. Some have gone as far as to compare Bolsonaro to Hitler. In the 1930’s, Germans had to make a similar choice between candidates and they chose Hilter. This of course was a massive cost not only to German society but also to Europe and the world at large, not to mention the six million Jews who were exterminated. It is unfortunate that Lula da Silva did not turn out to be a better human being, more in the tradition of a true freedom fighter such as Tribhuvandas Patel.
Reference
Rajaram NS (2014) Remembering the father of ‘Milk Revolution’. New Global India, March.
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Brazil is currently considered one of the best democratic countries in South America, due to its enjoyment of political stability and a recovery in economic development, and this reflects positively on the social structure.
This does not mean that the country is not devoid of corruption, as corruption exists in most countries in the world, but Brazil is better than others.
Therefore, the state must fight corruption in all its forms, because this leads to a loss of political confidence between the people and the ruling elite.
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Compliance with time limits in international investment disputes is crucial for several reasons:
  1. Legal Requirement: International investment agreements often specify specific time frames for initiating arbitration or court proceedings. These time limits are legally binding, and failure to adhere to them can result in the dismissal of the case.
  2. Preservation of Evidence: Timely proceedings help preserve evidence and witness testimonies, which can deteriorate over time. Delaying may lead to the loss of critical evidence.
  3. Efficient Resolution: Adherence to time limits promotes the efficient resolution of disputes, reducing the duration and cost of proceedings for both parties.
  4. Avoiding Legal Challenges: Non-compliance with time limits can expose the case to legal challenges from the opposing party, potentially further prolonging the resolution process.
  5. Maintaining Legal Rights: Strict adherence to time limits ensures that parties maintain their legal rights and can pursue their claims without the risk of those rights expiring.
In summary, strict observance of time limits is essential for the orderly and fair resolution of international investment disputes, ensuring that both parties have a clear, predictable, and efficient path to resolving their differences.
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ok so The duration of arbitration, as well as its cost, is an important factor that claimants take into account when determining whether to initiate arbitration proceedings in the first place, and respondents take into account when determining whether the matter should be resolved through negotiations. The common benefits of arbitration are assumed to be shorter duration of arbitration proceedings when compared to litigation. Arbitration, at least in theory, is supposed to be a faster and more effective dispute resolution mechanism. This is, unfortunately, not always the case as the duration of the arbitration (ie, the time from the commencement of the arbitration until the submission of the final award) depends on a number of different factors and each particular case.
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This question probes whether AI entities should have legal rights and responsibilities, raising concerns about accountability and the implications of treating machines as legal entities.
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How do you grant someone or something that is "artificial" surreal attributes? If they are artificial they must be either controlled or created by someone. The question presented implicitly highlights why AI should be regulated, to prevent AI being treated as surreal.
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Erica Dorn and Federico Vaz acknowledge the following:
"In the US, several cities, including New York, have taken measures to pass non-citizen voting policies. These promote the inclusion of more residents in local elections. However, given generally low voter turnout, it will take more than voting rights to create more inclusive democracies."
To read more of their argument see their essay here: https://theloop.ecpr.eu/democracy-by-design-and-on-the-move/
Let's work with the spirit of their argument. How would you create a more inclusive democracy, especially in your local area? What would it take and how would it work?
One idea I like, which has been practiced in various parts of the world (but not commonly, as far as I am aware), is when a local representative opens an "ask me anything" booth at a local market, shopping center, school, university, community event, etc. Policy desires, etc., are sometimes assiduously recorded and the representative reports back to their constituent with updates/results to demonstrate both a respect for that constituent's time, respect for the process, and direct accountability.
Let's read your idea/s!
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There does not seem to be any valid answer to your question as you are trying to solve it in the context of representative democracy. Indeed, how can you have a representative (by definition one person) who can represent a large number of constituent with different goals, ideas, views etc.
The solution can only be found in going back to what democracy mean (rule by the people) or in practical term by the use of referendums. This is not such a far fetched idea as it has been in use for centuries in Switzerland.
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For what reasons, and in what ways, did the Civil Rights movement in the United States become more radical between 1965 and 1968?
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The Civil Rights Movement in the United States became more radical between 1965 and 1968 for several reasons, and in a variety of ways:
  1. The passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965: The passage of this act, which aimed to eliminate racial barriers to voting, marked a major victory for the Civil Rights Movement. However, it also led to a backlash from white supremacists and segregationists who were angered by the prospect of increased political power for African Americans. This, in turn, led to more radical forms of protest and resistance.
  2. The assassination of Malcolm X: Malcolm X was a prominent figure in the Black nationalist movement, and his assassination in 1965 was a significant loss for the movement. It also radicalized some members of the movement who felt that non-violent resistance was not enough to achieve real change.
  3. The rise of the Black Power movement: The Black Power movement emerged in the mid-1960s as a response to the limitations of the Civil Rights Movement. It advocated for a more militant approach to achieving racial justice and called for Black self-determination and self-defense. This movement was more radical than the Civil Rights Movement and advocated for more aggressive tactics.
  4. The Vietnam War: The Vietnam War was a major issue of contention during this time period, and many Civil Rights activists opposed the war. They argued that resources were being diverted away from domestic issues, including the struggle for racial justice, and that the war disproportionately affected people of color. This opposition to the war fueled a more radical approach to activism.
  5. The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.: King's assassination in 1968 was a devastating blow to the Civil Rights Movement. It also led to a wave of riots and protests across the country, as many people felt that peaceful protest had failed to achieve real change. This further radicalized some members of the movement and led to a more confrontational approach to activism.
The Civil Rights Movement in the United States became more radical between 1965 and 1968 due to a combination of factors, including political victories, violent backlash, the emergence of new movements, opposition to the Vietnam War, and the assassination of key leaders.
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In present era of globalization “governance” and “good governance” are being increasingly getting implemented and practiced. Bad governance is considered as one of the major root causes of all irregularities and evil in the society and has a deep impact on economic environment.
International financial body like World Bank and IMF are now facilitating loan and advances to the nations on the conditions that they are practicing “Governance” and “good governance”.
•It is also defined as “the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s social and economic resources for development”.
•Governance means “the process of decision making and the process by which decisions are implemented or not implemented.
•It can be viewed as the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs.
•It is also been defined as “the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s economic and social resources for development.
•It is used in several contexts among them most widely used as corporate governance, national, international and local governance.
•It is well defined mechanism, a establish process and institutions which is been used by the citizens and groups to articulate their interest, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences.
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My friend Yusuf Ajoge, how can you say presence of infrastructure and provision of basic life necessities in a country full of corruption a sign of proving good governance? Most of these developing countries are the ones engulfed with corruption practices. Most of their leaders on theory they preach developmental theories but in practice they enhance corruption and tribal ideologies.
I agree with you 100% when you say they struggle to achieve set goals of development and stability. World Bank and IMF should provide loans plus control measures. there must be total accountability to the monies given even though these states claim independence.
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I'm not entirely certain how this "Start a discussion" feature works, but I'll give it a shot anyways.
I can't be the only one experiencing a co-author paraphrasing all my work so that person can maintain complete control over the publishing process. Some have said this issue happens often at the graduate level but never at the undergraduate level. I'm a non-traditional 40-something year old student who has extensive experience with civil rights and so I'm particularly sensitive to people trying to pull a fast-one on me.
In this case, the professor glitched a few times which had me researching copyrights and IP laws a long time ago. However, I waited until after graduation to raise the issue because the university has a history of retaliation when people express concerns of possible civil rights violations. The corruption runs deep at this particular institution, which bases most of its decisions on their intentional lack of policies and procedures addressing fundamental rights such as free speech and intellectual property. In other words, they remain silent on key issues in order to have as much lateral discretion as possible when making critical decisions even when those decisions are inconsistent with both laws and ethics and could potentially ruin a student's entire academic career.
One of the biggest red flags I noticed early on was the professor neglected to go over the section in our textbook that addresses authorship order and publishing rights in the chapter titled "Research Ethics."
I think my mistake was taking for granted that I viewed this entire project as my own because it was based almost entirely on my research into safe consumption sites. The experimental design, methodologies, protocols, and procedures were created by myself during her class in "Research Methods" as graded assignments. It was, and always has been, my original ideas and content from the very beginning; it just never occurred to me that this professor could, or would, even try to scrub me out like this. I trusted this person and considered her a friend and mentor!
Looking back, I cannot remember even a single instance where we had this conversation despite it being a core principle of the American Psychology Association Code of Ethics. The professor is a licensed psychologist and my degree was in psychology so you'd think that would have been something we should have covered at least once. Right?
Has anyone else experienced issues similar to this? How did you handle it? What should I do, or have done, to prevent this from becoming an issue?
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I find the following important note on the Wikipedia:
"A study found that over half of the uploaded papers appear to infringe copyright because the authors uploaded the publisher's version."
To see this note, you can refer to the following link
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Who has done or wants to do research on how technology can scale moral courage--can make it far easier to recruit &commit critical mass numbers of volunteers for nonviolent civil resistance. campaigns? And how can I reach them to invite them to a brainstorm session (maybe several) on what might be the behavioral levers that are most likely to motivate most "concerned" but not activist people to minimize their fears sufficiently and inspire "their better angels" to commit to tactics that history has proven are the most effective for achieving positive system change in the battles against greed, racism, autocracy and ignorance; to be able to recruit the numbers necessary to vastly improve our chances to save what is still savable of Mother Nature and democracy in the little time we have left.' Entre to senior level programmers, or crowdfunding social media mavens would also be especially appreciated, as well as possible research interns. Any location.
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Gary cane, I am interested sir.
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Should people who do not wear protective face masks be allowed to shop in grocery stores? Should they be allowed to use public forms of transportation, including bus, train, commercial airliner?
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De nada, estimada Prof. Nancy Ann Watanabe.
Se le aprecia.
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I would argue that FOX New is an example of Edmond Burke (an Originalist from England) on steroids. The late founder of FOX News, Roger Eugene Ailes, surrounded himself with tall, blue-eyed, full-lipped, blonde bombshells who submitted to his every wish (for advancement of course) so that he could be transported back to the fifties as he reached climax in his office chair (all permitted by his loyal wife). But of course, this is not new. Bill Clinton and his enabling wife, Hillary, institutionalized this behavior in the White House under a modernist agenda—as the conservative speaker of the House Newt Gingrich convinced Bill that there were too many idle Black Folks ripping off the White Tax-Paying People of America, a class who was handsomely bailed-out in 2008. To add to the Originalism of FOX News, there is the occasional ‘Jim Crow’ on display pontificating (in black face) about the virtues of the Free Markets in the way wealth trickles down to the underclass so that the hungriest can end up on FOX News collecting a 7-figures salary. Many of these black faces try to convince us that there has been more than enough change to the Constitution to deal with all the inequities and for those who complain about injustice, such as the Black Lives Matter movement, they lack initiative, suffering from a disease called laziness, a choice they made soon after they were born. This lack of initiative can be seen when one walks down Main Street in Houston Texas to observe black folk on all fours eating out of a bowl filled with McDonalds food-scraps or black folk coiled on a tram flatform with matted hair and backside exposed rolling around in circles like a serpent that has sustained vestibular damage. You would never know that the Mayor of Main Street is a modernist Black Democrat, who has been described by some as, ‘He left the Hood never looking back for he is intent in separating himself from his race but he insists on being a role model to his people on voting day.’ When a black fellow recently expressed his reason for not voting ‘there is no one in power who supports my interests’, I assured him that the Biden/Harris ticket would begin to right many of the wrongs of the past. He remained incredulous for he understands that FOX News is more the norm than the exception here in America. Some would say that after Lincoln amended the Constitution there has been little change in race relations for many Black folks still feel as though they are three-fifths white as specified in the ‘original’ Constitution of 1787.
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True claim, I agree with you
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Time witness several foul, hatred and inhuman cases between the different creeds and communities and also recorded many domestic violence inside the family during this pandemic lockdown.
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Since the beginning of the pandemic, the world economy has slowed down. People live in isolation and practicing social distancing as never before, and the death rate from an unprecedented killer is rising rapidly.
We see and hear in the news every day that thousands of people around the world have lost their job or being laid off, leaving many people around the world facing the coming days with a lot of uncertainty regarding the future. Although it might be challenging to predict the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has imposed at the moment. Still, it will have a lot of hardship on many people around the globe .a A harsh reality of grief, stress, and unemployment.
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I'm writing a book that raises questions about the traditional meanings of justice and injustice.
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No, I wouldn’t say ignorance is the root of prejudice. Prejudice can be a learned outcome, but also throughout history some groups had tension with other groups, hence developing prejudice.
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If someone wishes to have a lawyer represent them but is unable to pay or unwilling to pay and wishes for the lawyer to get paid only upon victory of a lawsuit. How would someone present themselves to the attorney and persuade them to take the case?
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Always meet the attorney best to handle your case. Never discuss to much personal information at the beginning of your first meeting. Always ask questions concerning the fee agreement for your case. In most cases contingency fee agreements are mainly used in civil cases.
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Always buildings are damage by an Earthquake. So we have prevent to lose the people poverty, How?
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I recommended the following presentation
Best Regards Gh. Javan-Doloei
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The European revolutions produced between 1789 and 1848 gave rise to a new type of state that historians call "liberal". The political philosophy that sustained these regimes is the so-called "liberalism", which in the mid-nineteenth century had a dual aspect: political and economic. Liberalism implies the respect to the citizen and individual liberties protected, in a general way, on an inviolable constitution that reflects the rights and duties of citizens and rulers; separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers to avoid any abuse of power, and the right to vote. Along with this political liberalism, the bourgeois state of the nineteenth century is also based on economic liberalism: a set of theories and practices at the service of the upper bourgeoisie and which, to a large extent, were a consequence of the industrial revolution. From the point of view of practice, economic liberalism meant the non-intervention of the state in social, financial and business issues. From here, and based on the experiences that we live in our countries, I propose this question. Thanks in advance for your responses.
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Economic liberalism differs from political liberalism, in different degrees in each of the countries, so it is not possible, it seems to me, to make generalizations about this.
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Hi, I'm researching about festival experience attributes in political protest.
It's quite difficult to explore political concepts and theories since I'm not student in Politics.
Is there any measurement scale or articles which tried to measure individual's perceived "civil right"?
Thank you in advance!
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This paper touches upon your question:
Hall, R. L., Rodegheir, M., & Useem, B. (1986). Effects of education on attitude to protest. American Sociological Review, 51 (4), 564–573.
I hope that it helps!
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From last year China is taking efforts to make her own Civil Code. According to the Route Plan, the general part of it will be finished and officially enacted in next March. The Objects (Rechtsobjekte ) are regulated named Civil Rights In the draft of General Part, which has already triggered a controversial debate about it. This Chapter(Civil Rights), including  13 paragraphs, annouces that People in China have rights on Freedom, Human Dignity, Personality, Property (for example, Real estate Rights, Obligations Rights, IP Rights,Inheritance Rights etc.)  Is that a necessary to regulate such Chapter in General Part of China? The Rights on Freedom, Human Dignity, Personality could be accepted to be regulated in the General Part of Civil Code, but the other Rights seems not to properly be writtened  in it, not to mention that Unjust Enrichment and Negotiorum gestio (Geschäftsführung ohne Auftrag) are also regulated in this Chapter. 
i would like to write a paper about it.  Could someone give me some suggestion about which paper about Objects of Rights worth reading? Or are there some other countries having such similar regulations?
Thank you in advance.
Alex
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political right, civil liberty and corruption
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Both  India and Nigeria are large in terms of population,  culturally diverse with  federal architectures. Consequently, laws guaranteeing rights and  liberties enacted by  the central government  are hard to realize (make real) at the regional and local levels.
A key reason is the legal pluralism that tolerates exceptions from 'national'  rights guarantees. While  most models of norm diffusion e.g. regarding rights & liberties assume top down diffusion occurs only regarding  legal enactments. Such laws must be 'domesticated', i.e. pressed for, enacted and implemented at all levels.  People must first know they have rights or liberties & know that they can  trump regional or local exceptions ('we don't do it that way here'). But historically, the British introduced federal architecture in both countries because of  resistance to the  legal uniformity more likely to characterize unitary states.
When we consider the extent to which international & 'national' rights regimes have been 'domesticated' in the two countries, it is apparent that, although basic political rights are better established in India than in Nigeria, in both governments' lack the capacity to enforce laws that protect rights and liberties. This is especially evident when marginalized groups, women etc are involved. Both countries have very large Muslim minorities, but have adopted multiple types of legal pluralism that make enacting rights guarantees difficult.  This opens up many opportunities for corruption.
The agency UN Women in its 2013 annual  report pointed to legal pluralism as a major barrier to women getting protection from rights guarantees, so ensuring that  governments' enforcement  agencies  actually them when they demand their rights is key. In both countries courts are more vigorous enforcers.  But legal pluralism is also used to protect the private spheres of family and local community from 'interfering'.
In both countries, there also has been a lot of down/off loading of responsibilities to non-state authorities in areas that relate e.g. to women's rights/freedoms. The status of 'customary law' is a problem in both countries.
Since the diffusion of norms regarding rights and liberties enforcement is very uneven in both federations, comparing between them as 'countries' may not be the best strategy.
 I'd suggest comparing between the regional states that are the  leaders in rights enforcement in the two countries and between the laggards. What are the key differences..do the leader states have  greater capacities for enforcement? why are they more capable? do they have longer histories of successful rights enforcement? are their enforcement agencies less corrupt? (e.g. Kerala comes to mind as a leader in India. ) Also with the laggards....do they have less capacity for enforcement? why? are they more diverse?  do they  have histories of conflicts around rights enforcement? are their enforcement agencies more corrupt?  Do leaders and laggards differ in their insistence on legal pluralism? Or is it their rejection of legal pluralism as in the Muslim-majority states in Nigeria that  made Muslim law apply to the territory i.e. including non-Muslims. 
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I am conducting research into factors which are a hindrance to judicial independence (both actual and perceived) in developing nations who are heavily reliant on foreign aid.
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One way to approach this question is to note that most developing countries, which were former colonies, inherited their institutional arrangements from their colonizers. Those institutional arrangements, given the nature and purposes of colonialism, were not democratic and did not guarantee judicial independence. In fact, in most colonies, there usually were two sets of judicial and legal systems--one applied to the colonialists/colonists and the other, applied to the people classified by the colonial government as indigenes. Although such a practice was quite magnified in the former French, Portuguese and Spanish colonies, it was also present, to a certain extent, in the colonies of other European countries. John D. Hargreaves, West Africa: The former French States (Prentice-Hall, 1967) & France and West Africa: An Anthology of Historical Documents (Macmillan, 1969) provides an excellent review of the maintenance of two distinct legal systems in the French colonies in sub-Saharan Africa. 
In 1958, then French President, Gen. Charles de Gaulle, offered France's colonies in sub-Saharan Africa a proposal for attaining independence--these colonies would become autonomous entities/polities within the French Community and in doing so, they would base their institutions on the French Constitution of October 4, 1958. Except for Guinea, the French colonies accepted the offer and adopted institutions that were characterized by an imperial presidency, a relatively weak legislature, and a supreme court that was simply an organ within the Department of Justice and hence, was controlled by the President of the Republic. In addition, the constitution granted the President of the Republic the responsibility to guarantee independence of the judiciary! Unfortunately for these countries, they lacked at least two qualities that could have enhanced their ability to secure independence for the judiciary: (i) unlike their former colonizers, they did not have a long tradition of democratic governance, with separation of powers--if such a system ever existed, it was abrogated during colonial rule; and (ii) virtually all post-independence political elites engaged in various forms of opportunism to maximize their personal interests and hence, were not interested in engaging  in the types of institutional reforms that would have strengthened judicial independence. For more in depth analysis, see John Mukum Mbaku, "Judicial Independence, Constitutionalism and Governance in Cameroon: Lessons from French Constitutional Practice," European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance," Vol. 1, No. 4 (2014): 357-391. Also see Philip Aka, "Judicial Independence under Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Problems and Prospects," California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 45, No. 1 (2015): 1-79.