Civil - Science topic

It begins with the government itself believing in human rights and guaranteeing intellectual, scientific, religious and ideological freedom, then it begins with local legal legislation while monitoring the work of its executive bodies.

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I believe that the future for the core branches of Chemical and Pharmaceutical industries in AI and ML fields is promising. AI and ML can be applied in various aspects of these industries, including drug discovery, process optimization, quality control, and predictive maintenance. AI and ML can improve efficiency, reduce costs, and accelerate the development of new drugs and chemicals. In the coming years, we can expect to see increased adoption of AI and ML technologies in the Chemical and Pharmaceutical industries.

Thanks. I am looking for civil discourse we use for providing written feedback for the thesis/dissertation students.

Dear Waleed,

The matter is not the soil itself. Curing raw soil has no sense unless, you wish to homogenize humidity in it. However, curing the stabilized soils depends on the type of binder that is used for stabilization. If you use chemical binders that require water for reaction, such as hydraulic binders (cement for instance) or pozzolanic binders (lime for instance), then you'll need to keep water in your specimens as long as possible after for reactions to continue and therefore for better efficiency of the stabilization.

Well, once that is clear, the choice of the curing method depends on the researcher's philosophy. Keeping the specimens for a given period after their fabrication in a controlled Temperature and relative humidity environment may rely on the purpose of comparing various admixtures' performances so that the differences could be assessed with no doubt on any impact of their curing conditions. Finally, some scientists may consider that leaving specimens in varying temperature and relative humidity is more realistic. That is to say that these conditions are like those occurring in the construction site where it isn't possible to apply laboratory curing methods.

regards

Dear colleagues at University of Life:

There are two different ways to make a criminal law actionable by private citizens: one is to create a parallel law that identifies harms to private parties and then gives them standing to go to court and the other is to give citizens direct enforcement power of a public law through different mechanisms. Here, I think you should focus on the second approach which is more powerful and can work for every public law including criminal laws, and that could also work for international treaties. I'll just offer you a general overview of both approaches.

1) Creating a civil law: To turn a criminal law into a civil law, identify the specific harms (here, death to people and destruction of eco-systems after the fact and potential in expenses on protection), identify the specific individuals and "classes of individuals" who would be harmed and hold an interest [this is expanding in areas of environmental law to the young and future generations and could include foreign countries that are threatened] and then give them "standing" in courts as well as state the remedies, that could include financial AND specific enforcement/injunction that forces government or private actors to take specific actions [which should apply here and could include public inspections]. These can be "class actions" as well as individual cases and could also include governments and municipalities as the plaintiffs with the right to sue in specific levels of courts.

2) Make a public law enforceable by giving more power to the public to act when government actors won't or don't. There are two historical mechanisms to do this: (a) "Private rights of action"/ "Private attorney general mechanisms" that give members of the public the right to bring a case on behalf of the public, and (b) Writ of mandamus [which allows individuals to sue government and to demand that government act to enforce a specific law when they do not]. In the U.S. and some countries, you can also theoretically bring a case to enforce an existing constitutional right by suing a government agency on the claim that their inaction is in violation of a constitutional right. Since some countries define a "right to life" and others have rights to property and "due process", these are existing ways that can already be used to try to compel enforcement of a law or treaty, that would apply here.

As always, however, the existence of the law may be meaningless if no one can afford to bring the case or if the courts are designed or judges are selected to eliminate such cases.

Thanks for the forum to put these ideas on the Internet. Most law schools and universities do not even teach what I have just written above and it is difficult to find it in print other than in some areas of "victim's rights" today for victims of individual crimes, rather than for crimes like those dealt with in treaties by governments and major institutional actors.

David Lempert, Ph.D., J.D., M.B.A., E.D. (Hon.)

Member, California Bar

Visiting Scholar, Humboldt University of Berlin

Thank you Jose Marques de Oliveira Júnior for the organized and comprehensive information. Highly appreciated!

Hello there

Not mandatory in own region

Good evening

Artificial intelligence application :)

Dear Dauji Saha, thank you so much for your help.

Best,

Fernando

Dear Muhammad Ashar Ul Aleem,

Considering the long term trends in construction, climate change etc. then I would suggest the following research topic on civil engineering issues with the impact of water: Analysis of technological determinants, new construction technologies enabling the creation of autonomous intakes for drinking water (or other water with water treatment facilities) at residential, institutional, industrial buildings, etc. The importance of this topic will increase in the future due to the increasing frequency and severity of droughts and heatwaves in various regions of the world. On the other hand, newly built apartment blocks, housing estates, apartment buildings, office buildings, factory halls, etc. should be built to withstand floods, violent storms and gales. Such weather anomalies and other effects of climate change, including the progressive process of global warming are likely to become more frequent in the future, over the next decades and well into the current 21st century. In addition, various other environmental issues can be taken into account as part of this type of construction, with the aim of taking greater account of local environmental factors right from the design stage of a building project. Consideration can also be given to the use of natural, renewable energy-producing building materials, green building materials enabling the construction of energy-independent, zero-emission, zero-energy houses, etc. Also, the inclusion in the building design of the installation of an in-house power plant for electricity and independent heat sources is an important issue in the context of the current energy crisis and the future climate crisis. In this way, through the use of green building technologies and eco-innovations in building materials, combined with the issue of the various categories of safety related to water and weather anomalies, new houses can be built as safe in many respects and in accordance with the sustainability goals, according to the formula of sustainable green building. Therefore, increasing security in terms of the availability of drinking water and anti-crisis security associated with increasingly frequent climatic disasters is becoming particularly important and will continue to grow in importance in the future. In view of the above, if you are looking for a forward-looking and developmental topic for your scientific work, I have just given an example of such a topic.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Can I recommend a summary article I wrote some time ago ... "Making the difference: quality strategy in the public sector"

Managing Service Quality Volume 9 · Number 1 · 1999 · pp. 47–52

I think you can access the article via ResearchGate. Happy to chat.

Mike

By the way, In Poland we hardly ever use pure Portland cement in ordinary concrete - we often use the cements with fly ashes or blastfurnace slag.

Dear Student,

You should take Academic writing courses from SWAYAM, NPTEL, it will not only improve your technical writing skills but also the certificate will add to your academic credit.

Dear Mr. Gupta!

I am not a professor, not even a Doctor of Science. Still, I have information at my disposal that can be of value to you:

1) Elsevier Researcher Academy - a free-of-charge online interactive resource center: https://researcheracademy.elsevier.com/

2) https://researcheracademy.elsevier.com/publication-process

3) A case study - 2Open access publishing" - webinar: https://researcheracademy.elsevier.com/publication-process/open-science/publishing-open-access

4) "Authorship" - webinar: https://researcheracademy.elsevier.com/publication-process/ethics/authorship

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

I was not aware that preemption could relate to moveable property. This would make no sense to me. Preemption relates to special circumstances only found in "real property" or immovable property. The special circumstances are features of proximity. So, it might relate to an owner of contiguous property, or to an access road, or even to an owner of a share of a property. Now, as to why a sale must occur. This is the way that the terms of the sale would be revealed. Without an actual sale, there would be no guidance as to what the preemptive purchaser should pay.

Preemption does not exist in USA law. However, similar rights emerge by prescription and necessity. Prescription relates to the actual use of another's property and necessity relates to access to a road or possibly a river (if travel by waterway is the only way to travel). So, again, proximity is the central issue.

Carbon fiber is typically used, and carbon UD is used in some major primary structures. The solar drone applied in this paper used carbon fiber and UD together. In addition, certified materials (B-Basis, DB) must be used when using these drones for commercial purposes, such as sales, rather than for experimental purposes.

soil structure interaction

Dear ,

Thanks for this interesting find. It all sounds disturbing, but it looks like a somewhat hyped-up story as well. Look at the resemblance between the history of for example Elsevier:

-Elsevier once founded by some individuals and is named after and old Dutch family Elzevir (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsevier). The fact that a few individuals run the whole business is not uncommon

-All sorts of constructions and links with other companies is not uncommon. Nowadays Elsevier is part of the RELX Group (which is a British-Dutch multinational information and analytics company https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RELX)

-Numerous issues in the past can be found in the history of Elsevier as well (see for a brief summary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsevier#Academic_practices), including one of Elsevier's journals that was caught in the sting set up by John Bohannon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Peer_Review%3F

-I noticed that the Bentham examples used in the news article are quite old, while the highly informative site Retraction Watch (https://retractionwatch.com/) continuously reports recent examples of scientific misconduct of basically all big publishers (search for Elsevier renders 73 pages of issues

Needless to say, that I am not denying that Bentham has some serious issues. My point is more that basically the whole scientific publishing business is not flawless. The peer review system and serious indexing services (like Scopus, Clarivate’s SCIE/SSCI, PubMed and DOAJ) are, though not flawless, basically the best guarantee ‘we’ got that the publishing processes fulfil a certain degree of scientific rigour.

Best regards.

I have another opinion!

The history of computing and related telecommunications' technologies has witnessed many revolutions. Unfortunately, these revolutions are originally launched for the destruction and making crimes against humanity.

By examining the history of computing, we will find that computers and the related underlying technologies are originally invented to support military purposes. For instance, look at the following revolutions:

I advise you to choose population based health monitoring, it is rare topic especially for civil and interesting

excellent quesion

Try to study about an alternative for steel reinforcement .. like GFRP

You might find on net, by writing " Surveying Objective Questions"

Actually, I prefer to contact directly to college professors, ... they will guide you more effectively

I prefer to contact directly with College professors..

Electro negative property of clay will govern if Any cationic nano material is added. But still u should have mentioned the type of nano materials.

C++, Matlab and Python

Hello Ahmed .

Top 12 Best Open Source Software in Water Resources are listed below:

1. QGIS

QGIS is the most popular GIS tool with an impressive trajectory and a vibrant community. It also even has a particular ecosystem of complements called “plugins”. QGIS is a completely open source alternative that reduces the cost barriers since it does not need a paid license and can be executed in any operative system.

Web: www.qgis.org

2. SAGA GIS

SAGA GIS is a GIS platform oriented to spatial analysis. SAGA GIS is a simple but powerful tool, with a big library focused on spatial analysis and characterization of basins. The interpolation options in SAGA GIS are better implemented than in other free and commercial software.

Web: www.saga-gis.org

3. HEC-RAS

The numerical model HEC-RAS is developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This model uses the gradient and topography to evaluate the flow depth, velocities and flooded zones. It is also useful to calculate sediment transport and water temperature.

Web: hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras

4. iRIC

iRIC (International River Interface Cooperative) is a software developed with the purpose of offering a complete simulation environment of the riverbed and its results can be exported and used to analyze, mitigate and prevent disasters, through the visualization of the results of the river simulation.

Web: http://i-ric.org/en/

5. HEC-HMS

The Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) is designed to simulate the hydrologic processes in basins. The software includes traditional procedures of hydrologic analysis, such as infiltration events, unit hydrograms and routing. HEC-HMS also includes modules for evapotranspiration, snow melting and calculus of soil humidity.

Web: www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-hms

6. PRMS

The modeling code PRMS (Precipitation Runoff Modeling System) is a modular system of spatially distributed parameters, which represent the physical processes of a basin. It was developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to evaluate the effects of several combinations of geomorphology, type of soil, soil use, vegetation and climatic parameters in the hydrological response of a basin.

Web:  wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/SW_MoWS/PRMS.html

7. SWAT

SWAT is a tool to evaluate soil and water at a basin scale. It is focused in precipitation-runoff modeling and transport of water and solutes through surface flow. It predicts the impacts of soil management practices in water resources and sediments

Web: swat.tamu.edu

8. MODFLOW

This code performs groundwater modeling based on finite differences developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). It is capable of simulating groundwater 2D and 3D flux and simulate the principal physical processes related to the groundwater regime such as recharge, evapotranspiration, pumping, drainage, etc.

Web: http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/modflow/

9. MT3DMS

The MT3DMS package is a mass transport model coupled to a flux model in MODFLOW. The MT3DMS code simulates advection, dispersion/diffusion and chemical reactions of adsorption/absorption of contaminants in groundwater.

Web: http://hydro.geo.ua.edu/mt3d/

10. OpenFOAM

Pretty much any physical phenomenon associated to fluid dynamics can be represented with this software. The amount of packages incorporated and also its condition of an open source code make it useful to explore the possibilities of modeling several types of problems including the addition of a reactive model.

Web: www.openfoam.org

11. Python

This is the favorite code for scientific, water resources and environment analysis. It has several packages for different tools such as GIS, mathematical analysis and artificial intelligence.

If a complete tool for manipulation, processing and plotting of data is needed, Python – Scipy is an effective, versatile and free code solution.

Webs: www.python.org, www.scipy.org

12. R

R is a programming language for statistic calculations and graphics generation. It is easy to understand and makes it possible to make complicated analysis with just a few lines of code.

It is the best option to perform spatial analysis since it incorporates several interpolation options.

Web: r-project.org

Thanks

📷

Also see kindly the following useful link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0141029617335526

In his name is the judge

thank all of you Juan Pablo Peñaloza & Kan-Jen Liu & Paul Mathew

Vizhalil my dear friends.

I think found my answer. for researching about kind of structure we use parametric structure to do complete research. for example to see affect of torsionally assymetry structures we develope parametric structures.

It means we Generate structure in 3 diffrent periods like 0.5,0.75,1 second. mass, dimension and stiffness of structure are not important in this case what is important is period only. in the second step we Generate 3 structures which have 3 diffrent torsional ratio (torsional ratio = (period of torsional mode)/(period of Transitional mode)) 0.5,1,1.5 for each single period. so totaly we build 27 diffrent structres which their elements, dimension or materials and etc are not important at all the only main things about them are periods and torsional ratio.

We call these structures parametric and we can use them for Exhaustive research about torsionally assymetry structure in our Purpose. i used parametric structures in case of see tlcgd affect on torsionally assymetry structure.

Take refuge in the right.

Kindly find my working if you need more tutorials you can follow me on research gate. I can teach you for free.

You can check my paper.

This is a good question.

I also recommend that you re-read (i.e. re-examine) your past core textbooks and read the latest - if possible! When you re-read your past material you will better understand them! Usually, when we graduate, we would have a different approach to past material and experiences!

Intresting questions

Yes we have to consider factor of safety depending on standards we are following and type of material and structure.

Since you have hydrology background as well as chemistry you have the necessary skills.

Just read IPCC reports as wells as papers in mdpi that deal with climate change. You can also look for videos of climate change and sometimes you can be lucky to get online courses that are free on the subject you are interested. Climate change can be about studying floods which I am sure you studied in your hydrology or any water related course.

Jeshma Jolly

I am sharing you a list of good Journals which are SCI/ESCI/SCIE and Scopus Index

1. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering- Springer

2. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions- Springer

3. Frontiers of Structural Engineering- Springer

4. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering

5. International Journal of Civil Engineering-Springer

6. Engineering Structures- Elsevier

7. Structures-Elsevier

8. Construction and Building Materials- Elsevier

9. All Journals of Techno Press dealing in Civil

10. All Journals of Emrald Publications dealing in Civil

I hope it will helps you

Regards

If you want to split the sample into binary groups (men vs women, old vs young, rich vs. poor) you can use MANCOVA. If you want to keep it as continuous variables (precise age, precise income) you should use regression.

You should perform an experiment to determine the springiness and damping characteristics of the water. After, you can use a spring and damper to model water as a damper. see attached a useful article.

I hope my research will be of use to you

use conjunction in making the sentence

Yes it's possible, bet definitely, it's going to cost you time, a whole new experience from process to traditional Engineering. It's worthwhile as new technologies are bound to be developed from analysis of materials.

Для начала необходимо иметь руководителя из числа опытных, имеющих ученую степень преподавателей. Он подскажет и тему, и литературу, и с чего начать и чем закончить. Если с этими будут проблемы, напишите мне на мою почту agd_tmm48@mail.ru To begin with, it is necessary to have a supervisor from among experienced teachers with an academic degree. He will tell you both the topic and the literature, and where to start and how to finish. If there are any problems with these, write to me at my email agd_tmm48@mail.ru

Finally, I did it after I know how to use 1st Simpson Rule to apply this problem!

Interesting question but it is away from my field. Following to see comments from experts

Dear Philippe César Fernandes Teixeira

The following webpage will help you:

Best advice is to ask the technician and lab manager of the accredited test authority you use. Text books are needed too, but there are limitations on what can be expected from standard tests.

Dear Sadeq Kord

The following link might help you:

Amir Shirkhani Thanks for sharing this paper. but my question was a little bit more specfic among the two methods that I mentioned, Discontinous Finite Elements and Hybrid Discrete Finite Elements.

Although this paper provide valuable knowledge creating distinction among the Finite and Discrete methods. These Information are son general and basic. my problem is with the phiosphy of two methods that are using a combination of both finite and discrete elements, yet they are called with different names.

Very pertinent question in view of the current boom in unmanned aviation and their proven utility in Disaster Relief and Humanitarian Assistance operations.

Drones, UAVs, eVTOLs which can be jointly put under Urban Air Mobility is the future of Aviation.

Urban Air Mobility Market is projected to grow from USD 2.6 billion in 2020 to USD 9.1 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 13.5% from 2020 to 2030. The increasing demand for an alternative mode of transportation in urban mobility for commercial applications and technological innovations in unmanned technology are the major factors driving the market.

Dear, Hadi Ajlouni

This compilation of scientific contributions will assist you in your research. Below I leave a list of the titles of each one of them. I want to emphasize that I agree with the answers of Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman and Kien Vu .

dear Hussam Ali Mohammed

Foundation is a structure which transfers the loads from the superstructure to the ground, while footing is the foundation which is in contact with the earth. A foundation can be shallow and deep, while a footing is a type of a shallow foundation. so, all footings are foundations but all foundations cannot be footings.

In my experience with both C3D and Infraworks, my opinion is that Infraworks is not suitable for anything more than early design visualization, and C3D, while usable, is certainly a previous generation of software.

Your question needs the detailed information.

Feel free to get in touch with me for more explanation.

You can keep up with latest updates and expand your network on RG

You can investigate the effect of arching phenomenon on behavior of soil-foundation-structure interaction under static and dynamic conditions.

You can get in touch with me via:

Thanks a lot, Dear Armin Huß

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342852348_COVID-19_and_medical_liability_Italy_denies_the_shield_to_its_heroes if you have similare situation..

This link may be useful

very good question

In theory, the non-uniformity of soil properties can be characterized in detail, but only if a large number of samples is available, which is not practical or even possible. Thus in reality, and for engineering applications, engineers assume that the non-uniformity of soil properties is random. Although the choice of appropriate probabilistic distribution depends on the soil property being modeled, lognormal distributions are commonly used. If multiple soil measurements are present at the site, statistics (e.g., mean and standard deviation) can be calculated and the theoretical model that best fits the soil property can be selected (e.g., by plotting a histogram of the data and comparing it to theoretical distributions). Statistical tests can also be used to assess which distribution best fits the data. Once the distribution and its parameters have been selected, the randomization can be performed within a Monte Carlo framework, by simulating realizations from the assumed distribution. If the goal is to randomize soil properties in a 2D or 3D continuous domain, spatially correlated random fields can be used. This article provides more information:

Dear Dr. Nikhil Sharma ,

I suggest you to have a look at the following journals by Elsevier:

-Construction and Building Materials

Details are available at: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/construction-and-building-materials

and

-Engineering Failure Analysis

Details are available at: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/engineering-failure-analysis

Good luck and my best regards, Pierluigi Traverso.

Dear Elmar, mostly interested in Europe and post-soviet countries.

You can use analysis of variance (ANOVA) to tell if the datasets are significant overall. ANOVA can tell if the results are significant, however, it won’t tell you exactly where those differences lie. A post hoc test is then required based on studentized range distribution.

There are a host of post hoc tests to deploy namely; Duncan multiple range test (DMRT), Tukey test, Dunnett test etc. But I would suggest u run a pairwise comparison test using Tukey method.

لم استطيع التحميل

I have no idea .. Sorry

Angela M. Eikenberry and Jodie Drapal Kluver, The Marketization of the Nonprofit Sector: Civil Society at Risk?, Public Administration Review • March/April 2004, Vol. 64, No. 2. You can find the article through the following link:

https://community-wealth.org/sites/clone.community-wealth.org/files/downloads/article-eikenberry.pdf

Following

As part of my PhD project, which is developing a platform for teaching and practical works in robotics, I've conducted a study on how remote and virtual laboratories can be effective in a pedagogical activity. A questionnaire was given to a number of our teachers (who were 10 teachers) and the results showed that simulation and even practical activities on remote laboratories can be as effective as usual activities IF we can provide a platform in which interactions between students and teachers are possible. Student must have the possibility of asking their teachers any question at any time, they should work together and do their practical activity with their classmate even if they are apart. Teachers have to follow their students progress during the activity and ask questions, conduct tests and rectify their mistake. The list is long, but the main idea is that if we want to develop a full practical activity using simulated or remote labs their are pedagogical aspects and criteria we have to take into consideration. My results are sill primary, to validate those results I need more time to test the platform I put together on real pedagogical activities, in teaching a robotic course and to check the effectiveness of the platform on students. I hope I'll find support from my department!

Comparing the total number of deaths due to COVID-19 in Europe, UK has the highest deaths, followed by Italy, France, and Spain.

The case fatality rate is diluted by number of tests done and is >10% in most of the Europe except Norway, Denmark, Finland, Austria,and Zcheck Republic.

Hi Shashi,

Please follow the link below that kight help u understand the current impact of Covid-19 on civil sector.