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Hello everyone,
I’m considering submitting a manuscript to the *Journal of Mechanical, Civil and Industrial Engineering (JMCIE)*, which is published by Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development.
However, I’ve come across mixed opinions regarding its credibility and peer-review process. I would really appreciate it if anyone who has published in this journal—or has experience dealing with it—could share their insights about:
- The quality and transparency of the peer-review process
- Communication with the editorial team
- Whether it is indexed in major databases (e.g., Scopus, WoS)
- Any concerns regarding publication fees or academic recognition
Your input would be truly helpful to make an informed decision.
Thank you in advance!
Dear Colleague, Our journal is Int. J. Optim in Civil Engng. How can this be added to Researcggate?
Anyone wants to collaborate on research related to Water and wastewater, Stormwater or any civil engineering related topics?
Dear community,
I want to know the role of artificial intelligence in improving civil engineering practices.
I'm looking for quantum technologies, information transfer with application in civil engineering?
NEGLIGENCE OF A DOCTOR
HUGE LOSS A PATIENT
BREACH OF CARE/DUTY
Dear All,
I am currently in search of a fully-funded Master's degree opportunity in the domains of water resources or transportation engineering. I possess both a Bachelor’s degree and a Diploma in Civil Engineering.
With extensive experience in GIS sensing systems and Highway Civil 3D, coupled with a strong enthusiasm for innovative research concerning water and pavement structure interaction, I am keen to engage in advanced research and collaborate with esteemed experts in the field.
Should you have knowledge of any relevant programs, professors, or opportunities in this area, I would be immensely grateful if you could share the information with me or connect me with someone who may assist.
Thank you very much for your time and support.
As a first-year civil engineering student ,I have a some kind of interest in the field of structures and i am eager to publish a research paper on this topic, which I believe would be a significant boost for my future . Could you suggest some research topics suitable for an undergraduate student? As this will be my first research paper in any field, so can offer me some guidelines for accomplishing it.
Additionally, I plan to pursue my master’s degree in structural engineering in the foreign country like USA etc
Compare traditional to current non-intrusive and intrusive methods of site investigation techniques, outlining their advantages and limitations for foundation engineering. • Include real-world examples of civil engineering projects where these techniques were applied, referencing current research.
Although Charls Kitima stated in his PhD that ‘Tanzania has no concordat or ecclesiastical laws’, he admitted that ecclesiastical law does not exist in this East African country, but this was in 2000. Perhaps something has changed in the meantime, or perhaps someone unknown to me is publishing in this area in other countries in the region?
I need help with suggestions for a thesis title as a requirement for me to achieve a bachelor's degree in engineering
What are the obligations of countries in implementing the laws in carbon trading and their civil responsibility?
What recent roles ,does owners of social conglomerates and media play in current worldwide civil unrest and how can the Government regulate them in real time to prevent millions and trillions of dollars in losses.?
kindly send published papers of previous countries' report and government overturn by CIVIL unrest due to social media.
Autocratic systems offer swift decision-making and short-term stability but often at the cost of human rights and accountability. Democratic systems emphasize inclusivity, accountability, and protection of civil liberties, fostering long-term stability and sustainable development, which are crucial for the diverse and dynamic needs of developing nations. Considering all this, which model suits the best for developing nations and what are the factors that make democracy a better choice?
This question needed to be answered to a civil engineering student studying his first year right now.
Subject: Request for Access to CEB-FIP Database (or similar) for Developing ML Predictive Models on Corroded Prestressed Steel
Dear ResearchGate Community,
I am in the process of developing a machine learning (ML) predictive model to study the degradation and performance of corroded prestressed steel in concrete structures. The objective is to utilize advanced ML algorithms to predict the long-term effects of corrosion on the mechanical properties of prestressed steel.
For this purpose, I am seeking access to the CEB-FIP database or any similar repository containing comprehensive data on corroded prestressed steel. This data is crucial for training and validating the ML models to ensure accurate predictions. I am particularly interested in datasets that include corrosion rates, mechanical property degradation, fatigue life, and other parameters critical to the structural performance of these materials.
If anyone has access to the CEB-FIP database or knows of similar databases that could serve this research purpose, I would greatly appreciate your assistance in gaining access.
Your support would be invaluable in furthering our understanding of material behavior in civil engineering and developing robust tools for predicting structural integrity.
I am open to collaborations and would be keen to discuss potential joint research initiatives that explore the application of machine learning in civil and structural engineering.
Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to any possible assistance or collaboration from the community.
Best regards,
M. Kovacevic
Among the legal work files is the acceptance of the appeal from the Federal Court of Cassation in Iraq by saying:
Since the distinguished (defendant) did not appropriate the amounts for his personal benefit, especially since the magazines that were prepared were intended to spread health awareness to citizens and educate and teach them, the civil court does not adhere to the rules of criminal liability or the ruling issued by the penal court with regard to civil liability and compensation. According to Article (206/2) of the Civil Code. This does not require compensation.

I am interested in finding others who are working on enhancing civil discourse in K-12 and college students.
how does multiple civilian agencies and military understand and accept the concept of civil military relation in disaster response
I would like to explain my question, during a discussion with my colleague (Prof Dr Amer ), he informed me that the dataset that used from other field like engineering communication can also use in civil engineering applications. He used that in structure analysis for example in shear slab and other part, is that easy to used in geotechnical engineering ( soil improvements, pile group .. etc.)
I am doing research on analyzing what factors affect lumpsum contracts. qualitative analysis using risk breakdown structure and quantitative analysis using analytical hierarcy process. i want to know what steps i need to do.
please help in completing this research, thank you
Hello friends,
I could not find any template for this journal which stated that it should be doubled column. Any help?
Thanks
Retaining walls are relatively rigid walls

Civil liability revolves around the presence or absence of damage, so the presence of a mistake alone is not enough to hold the defendant accountable. Also, the defendant did not appropriate the claimed amount for personal benefit, and his violation of disbursement procedures and his negligence in following up on his job do not require compensation for the aforementioned amount, as long as it did not harm the public interest. The civil court does not abide by the rules of criminal liability or the ruling issued by the penal court with regard to civil liability and compensation.
Article (206/2) of the Iraqi Civil Code.

Select the most important civil and political rights that were mentioned in the effective constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005?
There are a lot of researchers who go by the book the right approach and write results, and observations in their field of work, proving the existing information or suggesting improvement in the experiment for better analysis and so on, very hard working but then there are other who are crazy thinkers always suggesting things with little backup from existing experiments or know facts, always radical in their understanding of results, and these people mostly get dismissed as blip by the first category of researchers.
So if I have to take your opinion who will you back for hitting gold one who is methodical and hardworking or who are crazy thinker?
I am writing to seek your guidance regarding the software selection for my final year project in civil engineering. I have chosen to work on Landfill Settlement Analysis using Finite Element Analysis/Modelling software, and I am particularly interested in software options that offer a user-friendly interface. Thank you for your assistance.
I have a pressing issue with my thesis, as I need to analyze numerous 3D moment frames, but I'm running short on time. Moreover, the buildings I'm studying are symmetrical and lack torsion or disarray complexities. I wonder if it's possible to model 2D frames with properties equivalent to those of the 3D frames, and still achieve accurate results. This would significantly save me time. I'm seeking assistance on how to perform this task in ETABS. Can anyone help me with this?
Several terms are used in academia for the services provided by Government institutions and departments in urban and rural areas at national, provincial/state or local/district levels.
These terms include public services, civil services, urban services, local services, and municipal services. Is there any overlap among services or clearly divided?
I had completed MSC in Construction Management just at the end of 2022 A.D. I had 2 research articles relating to the construction aggregates and the social issues related to the crusher influenced area of locals. I am looking for the right university of abroad for perusing my PHD degree in the field of civil engineering. I have keen research interest in the field of construction project management, transportation engineering, geo technical engineering and structural engineering.
Calculation methods and organizational management objects and social groups (for example, pilots and flight crews in civil aviation)?
Hi, I completed my Mtech in Construction Technology & Management and I want to pursue a Doctorate degree for that I need to prepare a research proposal for my Ph.D. application.. but I'm confused between various research areas in civil engineering...
The protection of civil liberties and human rights is increasingly important in our ever-changing and interconnected world. A government's duty is to protect the rights of all its citizens and to ensure that, regardless of race, gender, or any other marginalized group, everyone is able to access the same opportunities and protection of their rights. It has become increasingly clear that governments must take active steps to ensure that civil liberties and human rights are respected and protected, as any violation of these rights can have significant implications for a society's overall well-being and safety.
I think a huge demand will be there for the people who have knowledge in their core fields like (Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Mechanical, civil etc) along with the expertise in AI and ML.
Can anyone share materials on written civil discourse??
I have uploaded my manuscript in various journals. After getting an acceptance letter, they are asking a huge sum as Article Processing Charge. Please suggest me best unpaid no Apc journals in civil engineering
Soil curing is one of the effective methods for stabilization and improving soil, and it has received wide acceptance from many researchers in the world in the field of soil and its stabilization, but there are those who use the method of placing it in a container, and others at room temperature, now, what are the criteria for choosing each of them and which one gives effectiveness and better accuracy?
#soil
#soil stabilization
#curring
#geotechnical
I am planning to do a research regrading application of Machine Learning/ Artificial Intelligence in Civil Engineering, but we are confused whether we will get the data required for proceeding in the project. What kind of data related to civil engineering (be it transportation/ structural or any other area) could be accessible to us and where can we find it ? Could anyone guide us in it ? Thank you in advance !
Is the developed standard mandatory in its territory, how can it be recognized internationally?
Please suggest a new and up-to-date topic for my master's thesis in the field of geotechnical civil engineering that is numerical. I wanted to work on excavation and guard structures. What do you think about this topic? Do you know a better topic?
Hello, everyone. Could anyone help me, please? Thanks :)
Structural Engineering and influence of water
- Concrete is the heart of civil engineers, as it plays a crucial role in binding materials properly. Nowadays construction costs are very high due to the scarcity or unavailability of natural resources. This problem can be resolved by the replacement of concrete with a different material that is not conventional in terms of required properties. From previous scientists' research, cement, sand, and metal are replaced by using different artificial materials.
- I wonder what other new materials can as binding to reduce cement or concrete?
I am currently a 3rd year Civil Engineering Undergraduate. I have a particular interest in the Geotechnical discipline, which I have come to learn that a good base of report writing skills are needed to convey your designs. Not to mention the various types of reports which I would needed to become familiar with.
Would anyone have any text books or courses they would recommend to improve my grammatical and writing skills, perhaps specifically catered towards Civil/Geotechnical Engineering Reports? I am taking this opportunity to prepare for both my thesis project next year and my future career.
Thank you everyone for your help in advance. Any advice will be highly appreciated.
Wil
Hello,
I am a recent civil engineering graduate from Tribhuwan University, Nepal. I have my final year project on transportation engineering. Can anyone, please help me in publishing? The research is about traffic modeling in Pokhara. We are novices in the research area, we need guidance to publish. If you are a professor or can refer someone, please help us.
Thank you
Best Regards
Subash Gupta
And it is contrary to the opinion of Islamic jurisprudence, which took the permissibility of establishing pre-emption in real estate and movables?
This is a discussion that I wish to go on and remain helpful for all the Drone researchers, manufacturers, designers, operators and users and sort of a buyers guide.
"What are the right materials for a Fixed Wing Drone?"
This question pertains to any type of material that one finds good to be used for various different kinds of practical applications. This is understandable that will applications, materials used will be different. Also, Long Range/Short Range and High Altitude/Low Altitude applications are a considerable parameters.
Few materials and applications are mentioned here. However, we are not limited to that.
MATERIALS
- Expanded Polyolefin Foam (EPO)
- Expanded Polypropylene Foam (EPP)
- Expanded and Extruded Polystyrene (EPS/XPS)
- Balsa Wood (Balsa + Plywood)
- Glass Fiber Composite
- Carbon Fiber Composite
- Carbon Fiber + Glass Fiber + Kevlar
APPLICATIONS
Civil/Forest
- Mapping
- Inspection
- Surveillance
- Payload Delivery
Military
- Surveillance
- Payload Delivery
- Warfare
Your input in the right material for the right application will be well appreciated.
Thank You for your contribution.
Respected all researchers,
I required to publish my research article in any peer reviewed journal of civil engineering within a week to fulfiil requirement of P.hd. Kindly give any reference which can help my to complete my task. It is very crucial time for me.
Kindly do needful for me.
Waiting Someones reply.......
I would like to benefit from your academic and research experiences in the field of civil engineering. I would like to study a master's and doctorate degree in geotechnical engineering. Is this specialization recommended for the future from an academic and research point of view, and is there a specialty within the field of civil engineering that is recommended or preferred to study a master’s and a doctorate in it?
I was invited to edit fifth volume of Book series entitled “Frontiers in Civil Engineering” from Bentham Books or Bentham Science. However, civil engineering is not my profession and I have no idea how they found me to offer this editor duty?
Do you have any information or experience with this publisher?
in light of the digital opportunities capabilities and challenges, how do we guarantee the human right to his private life and the right to respect digital activity
I'm civil engineering student and interested in dynamics for my FYP. Right now I'm considering 3 different topics i.e Stockbridge dampers, base isolation for masonry structures and population based health monitoring.
Picture attached shows the case of complete reinforcement of raft foundation, but after sand storm, as appear, more than 20mm layer form from sand under the reinforcement.... on your opinion, what might do to continue with work...?





I'm student of civil engineering and looking for a topic for term project in Plain and Reinforced Concrete.
I'm an undergraduate student of civil engineering discipline in 2nd year,My professor said me to prepare a report in which i have to ask some random questions about surveying to sewage/Drainage/watersupply surveying firms, i am preparing a question sheet , if anyone have some good questions to ask to a surveyor about sewage/watersupply surveys , please discuss
Thanks
Regards
Hi! I'm looking for conferences regarding industrial accidents / chemical risks / civil protection that are the best worldwide. Can you suggest me one?
How can I find suitable Journals on civil and environmental engineering?
Do you know appropriate sites to help me which journal is good for my article to submit there?
Preferably a resource in which to rank journals and their type of ratings, how articles are judged, and other important parameters.
Also, gives the information on which authorities such as Google Scholar or other places.
Thanks a lot.
I wish to add nanomaterial into the clay and wish to gain some surprising change, which help me in the construction industry (i.e. civil engineering).
Which programming languages can be useful for civil engineers?
dear all,
I'm a student and I'm in "Civil and Environmental Engineering" department.
please, can you tell me what are software programs that I will need when I graduate in (water desalination, irrigation systems, water distribution systems)?
What is the boundary between the tasks that need human interventions and the tasks that can be fully autonomous in the domain of civil and environmental engineering? What are ways of establishing a human-machine interface that combines the best parts of human intelligence and machine intelligence in different civil and environmental engineering problem-solving processes? Any tasks that can never be autonomous and need civil and environmental engineers? Coordinating international infrastructure projects? Operating future cities with many interactions between building facilities? We would love to learn from you about your existing work and thoughts in this broad area and hope we can build the future of humans and civil & environmental engineering together.
Please see this link for an article that serves as a starting point for this discussion initiated by an ASCE task force:
hello
In order to do my thesis, I need to place the damper I developed at OpenSees on several asymmetric steel benchmarks. For this purpose, to develop asymmetric one- and nine-story structures, I decided to use the method given in the above article, but unfortunately in the article, the structures are parametric and I do not realize this.
Here are some basic questions for me.
One, how the mass and structural members of these structures are defined and modeled.
Second, how can a find period for these structures?
And finally, how is it possible to get the response of these structures under the earthquake record?
My strongest guess is that it is to define stiffness of each structural member as a coefficient of mass or vice versa.
Any help is greatly appreciated.
Take refuge in the right.
Assuming we have a piece of timber C16 - 100x100x1000mm and we apply UDL + a point load at middle point on it (parallel to the fibre) as shown below, how much will the timber compress between the force and the concrete surface ?
I have attached a sketch as well. Please see below.
If you could show a detailed calculation would be much appreciated. Thank you!

currently in 3rd semester of civil engineering so need it according to its level. ( THANKS)

What are the factors that militate against the participation of quantity surveyors?
I have finished almost all the courses in my undergraduate civil engineering program. I want to have very in-depth and exceptional level of understanding in structural engineering. My cgpa is very low as I was not serious in my undergrad. I want to achieve the level of expertise & knowledge within 2 to 3 years what usually people get after 10-15 years of experience. Also should I ask this type question in the "question" or "discussion" section here?
In my b.tech course i solved few civil engineering problems by using c-language. for example calculation of bending moments, matrix multiplecations, hydrographs etc. like wise apart from these simple programs is there any complex programs that we can write by using java programming for civil engineering or structural engineering problesm?
I'm a premaster student and I'm about to work on my thesis which I have decided to revolve around climate change. The main issue is; I never studied climate change in the undergrad courses, I'm mainly a civil engineering graduate with good background in hydrology in the industry and academia and I want to know what sort of papers or courses should I read and study to be able to get started on this specific topic; especially related to water resources engineering and hydrological applications?
I want to test the difference in knowledge, skills and attitude of resp when grouped into age gender, civil status. what stat should I use?
hello
do you know what material is best for modeling water in damper.
i need damper displacement under elcentro earthquake record for evaluate it's force and moment. so i try model damper in opensees using twoNodeLink command, but i don;t know what is the best material for define water.
wish you best.
hello everyone,
i'm trying to model a 3D one story buiding with mass IIrregularity, the model has 4 elastic columns and rigid diaphragm. the model has no beam, so i used rigid diaphragm to equal dof of top nodes of columns. i use a model from a reasercher's article, he note that the modal frequences of first three mode is 1.16 , 1.96 , 2.37 HZ respectively. i builded the model in etabs and can verify my model with 0.33% error, but i couldn't verify model in opensees. i trying almost everythings to verify it but Unfortunately all my work was unsuccsesfull. in my reaserch i found that mass moment of inertia is principle parameter in model with mass IIrregularity, so i try figure out how modal analysis run in etabs and opensees and what difference between them. i found that etabs centeralized all masses in center of mass and then make mass matrix with 3 parameters like that
[mass in x direction 0 0
0 mass in y direction 0
0 0 mass moment of inertia about hight axis ]
but i wondering opensees generate mass matix for each node(also we can use center of mass for assigne mass) and also mass matrix for 6 dof model with 3 limited dofs (dofs limited in z direction and rotation about x ,y axis) is 6*6, so i'm confused to understad how opensees derrive mass matix and calculate modal frequences. i try both assigning mass to nodes and center of mass. in first condition i assigned mass moment of inertia like that
mass n "mass in x direction" "mass in y direction" 0. 0. 0. "mass moment of inertia about height axis"
etabs calculate mass moment of inertia with multiple each mass of nodes by distance of node from center of mass then sum these valus and attain mass moment of inertia abuot height axis. also we can use another formula for it. i try all patterns i found but i can't verify my model because i can't understand how opensees run modal analysis and make eigen values. for best understanding i upload my model in opensees and etabs.
I'm so thankful if you can help me.
with best regard
Unpacking Public Trust as Determinant of People's Response to Government's Policy,
Study of Lagos Civil Servants' Response to Tax Law
With this, I intend to investigate how the level of trust the civil servants have in the government influences their response to the tax law
Is it possible to switch major from petroleum engineering to civil engineering? Specially related to basic concrete technology, concrete releted products and materials?
Hi, I'm new to the engineering field and currently in 1st semester(civil engineering). I would be happy if you point out some of the topics in the Engineering research field, so that I could also start to do some research on them.
Civil engineers around the world design using two different mechanisms of cooperation of concrete and steel. They use the mechanism of relevance and the mechanism of pretension. These mechanisms aim to achieve the cooperation of concrete and steel materials and to join the structural elements together, in order to receive the forces of the buildings which come from the static loads and from the seismic loads. After long-term research worldwide, satisfactory regulations have been established to achieve the best response of the structure to seismic shifts. They joined the base with the wall, the pillar with the beam, the beam with the slab, in order to work together creating the load-bearing structure of the construction. But they forgot something very basic that changes everything. They forgot to join the construction with the foundation ground. Constructions today are simply based on the ground and constitute a separate body unconnected to the ground of the planet Earth. As a result, their entire dynamic structure changes in terms of their behavior in the lateral forces caused by earthquakes and crosswinds. Whatever object we join by screwing it to the earth, it ceases to be independent and becomes one and the same with the earth. If you kick a ball you will score a goal. If you screw the ball to the ground and kick it you will be in pain. If we screw the structures with the ground we will hurt the earthquake a lot.
Full Question:
Which the best cost-benefit ratio for publication of papers in Journals with the keywords #SHM, #Civil Structures, #Smart Materials, #AI, #Electromehanical Impedance, #Analysis in-situ?
Can I find a book or research that involves this topic?

Although the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) methods can be considered relatively well-developed, it seems they have not yet become a standard for civil structures. do you know any valid guidelines or something like that in this field?
As many of the numerical researchers, especially in the fields of civil and rock engineering, may have noticed. Among different branches of micro-modeling techniques, two approaches use finite and discrete elements simultaneously. One is known as Discontinuous Finite elements, and the other introduced by Munjiza et al, known as Hybrid Finite-Discrete Elements. While Going through the literature, I have noticed that the only distinction between the two methods may be the fact that Discontinuous-FEM has an implicit integration scheme; however, the Hybrid Discrete-Finite method uses an explicit one. Surprisingly, among the extensive amount of papers in this field, some researchers have used one of these names while they are using the opposite integration method. So what is truly the difference? are they literally the same and just called with different names??
Aviation Industry is growing very fast for the last two decades. Despite the Covi-19 pandemic, the demand for new civil aircraft and military aircraft is not reduced. Developing countries like India are major importers but these want to grow in the design, development, and manufacturing of Aircarfts both in civil and military aviation. The aviation industry is technologically driven and needs high-tech entrepreneurs. Hence, I want to know the views of researchers on how to exploit opportunities for high-tech entrepreneurship in the Aviation industry?
report of environmental and civil engineering of the materials of the building
Two similar term in civil engineering.. Foundation and Footing.. any differences between...?
Required a research background for comparison of modeling software used for bridge designing
I am currently modeling a slab bridge in Midas Civil and have encountered this message when trying to input the tendon profile on my plate element: "[Error] The element no. 20 is an element type in which Tendon Profile cannot be entered." Is there any workaround on this? I am currently out of ideas.
My name is MUFTAUDEEN Toyin Saheed. I graduated from the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin with a First-class honour. As a fresh graduate with little or no research experience, I'm ready to work with available researcher in the field of civil engineering. Thanks
If possible, it could be an innovation or at least an improvement to an existing innovation. Help me just come up with a topic, be it about construction or structural. I'll do the rest afterward. Thank you very much! I'd really appreciate your help.
The summary can be accessed from the link below:
Please let me know whether the information that has been gathered in the summary file is informative or not.
If the summary description is not clear enough, any suggestions will be welcome.
Hello. An article on the Iranian state's civil liability in the COVID-19 issue has been written in collaboration with a friend and a comparative look at law and biology. The article is ready to be submitted to one of the prestigious law journals. The need for a supervisor is evident in this article. Therefore, the professors who are interested in cooperating, please contact me. Thanks.
Do we immerse the bricks horizontally or vertically ? #bricks#waterproofingsurface#civil#engeenering#chemicalengineering#wax#parafinwax
I wonder if there are any jurisdictions in the world that do not provide an appellate body for civil disputes (in the sense of a legal and, albeit limited, factual review of the first instance judgment)?
I would greatly appreciate your answers! Thank you so much in advance!
Due to limited data, spatial non-uniformity of soil has been long recognized by civil engineering communtiy. A complete study focusing on the random field of soil properties should have been conducted. However, due to my limited knowledge, many stduy (mostly focusing on ground borne vibration) still consider soil to be homogenerous. Or in some other work, soil properties were assumed to follow a nature or log nature distributaion.
So, is there a consens in the field about the random soil properties? What kind of distribution is more realistic? Also, is there a way we can model its random field quickly? Say, through a few boring tests?
I want to publish my pilot study about corrosion in RC structures in any journal. Please help me to find good options.
looking for literature related to civic/civil memory studies, more focused on the social and political context
the sample size is 300 (thinking of using stratified sampling)
the context is among 3 courses of engineering: ChE, ME and CE between 2 public and 2 private universities within 5 year range.
the objectives are To evaluate the performance of public and private university passers and topnotchers of three engineering licensure examinations from 2015 to 2019. • To determine the factors and challenges that affect the Chemical, Mechanical and Civil engineering board passers and top-notchers from 2015 to 2019 in their licensure examination. • To describe the different learning styles utilized by the engineering licensure examination passers and top-notchers based on their lived experiences. • To distinguish and compare public and private university graduates' preparations for the engineering licensure examinations
For those of us in chemistry, environmental science, civil engineering, industrial chemistry, analytical chemistry, chemical engineering, biotechnology etc this paper might be helpful. Link is below