Civil - Science topic

Dear Rob Keller Thank you for your guidance. I also believe they are not reliable, and I sincerely hope others will avoid them as well. I truly appreciate your support.

Dear Prasada Rao A.K.

The journal International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering (IJGGE) https://journalspub.info/civil/index.php?journal=JGGET&page=index is published by Journalspub a publisher mentioned in the Beall’s list of potential predatory publishers

https://beallslist.net This is red flag and there are more:

-Their indexing info mentions so-called misleading metrics https://beallslist.net/misleading-metrics/ like Citefactor and SJIF often used by predatory journals/publishers

-The contact info lacks a physical address

This makes that I personally would avoid this one.

Best regards.

PS. Looking at their archive and current issue then the conclusion is that this journal is no longer active

Dear A. Kaveh Have a look at https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14293139566353-Journals It might be somewhat frustrating (and even unfair) but in cases where the journal is not present in the RG database you cannot add them yourself and in rare cases new titles are added (but require patience).

Best regards.

Hello every one,

Thank you very much for replying to my question. Please share your email ID, to discuss more details about everyone's interest and how we can proceed. This is my email Id - Pani.madala@gmail.com, Please send an email. Thank you very much Immaculate Kwarukunda Amir Hossein Nafez Parvin Moussavi Belghemmaz Salah

Regards

Paniteja Madala

Dear Amina Harouat ,

Regards,

Shafagat

Here are some attempts to utilize quantum technology and quantum sensing:

Oh yes. However, laws vary greatly by country. Consulting with a lawyer may be the wisest choice.

This is indeed an interesting topic which you should immediately join and complete post-graduation. Water being the essence of life, is likely to be scarce in the days to come. You will have challenging tasks ahead with the subtopics you have opted for. Wish you all the best.

For a first-year undergraduate research paper in structural engineering, you could explore a topic like “The Role of Sustainable Materials in Modern Structural Design.” This paper could focus on how eco-friendly materials, such as geopolymer concrete or bamboo, are integrated into structural systems to reduce environmental impact. You could also discuss the challenges of replacing traditional materials with sustainable alternatives, along with basic case studies of their applications in small structures like pedestrian bridges or pavilions.

This topic introduces sustainability in construction, aligns with global trends, and is suitable for a foundational research project.

Traditional site investigation methods often rely on intrusive techniques like boreholes, trial pits, and core drilling to collect soil and rock samples. These methods provide direct physical access to subsurface materials, allowing for detailed examination of soil profiles, geotechnical properties, and potential hazards. However, they are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and can cause significant disruption to the site.

In contrast, modern non-intrusive techniques, such as ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity, and seismic surveys, allow for subsurface investigation without significant disturbance. These methods use electromagnetic or acoustic waves to gather data on subsurface conditions, offering faster results and less impact on the site. Intrusive methods are still necessary in some contexts for detailed sampling and validation, but non-intrusive approaches are gaining popularity due to their efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and ability to cover larger areas in less time.

While non-intrusive methods are useful for broad site analysis, a combination of both approaches is often recommended to balance precision and coverage.

Thank you for answer, basically Kitima does the same, although he manages to interpret existing secular law as well.

I agree with Carlos Francisco Lucena Gonzalez.

The question by Christhoper Panggabean itself is incomplete. Which properties of concrete is required to be modified by adding certain materials like additives - fly ash, silica fume ,..... etc, or admixtures like plasticizers, water reducing chemicals, etc... or fibres like steel, polypropylene, natural fibres ,........ etc. , is not clearly mentioned.

First decide problem statement in area of concrete technology , check probable solutions and literature then think possibility of innovation or further research work based on the resources available in your lab and institute.

For undergraduate level, in concrete technology area, normally small experimental works are preferred/ accepted as project so that students can strengthen their theory background in Concrete technology or they can further work in the areas in Concrete technology which is little bit beyond the syllabus of theory and practical, at graduation level.

Hope that you will able to redefine area of work.

Countries engaged in carbon trading have significant legal obligations and civil responsibilities to ensure that carbon markets operate effectively and equitably, contribute to global emissions reductions, and protect both the environment and vulnerable populations from the impacts of climate change. These responsibilities are enforced through a combination of international agreements, national laws, and civil liability principles.

Hi, George Duke Mukoro.

Well, Social conglomerates and media platforms play pivotal roles in modern civil unrest by facilitating the rapid dissemination of information, organizing protests, and amplifying societal grievances. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp enable the swift spread of news, including misinformation, which can mobilize protests and shape public sentiment.

They also help draw international attention to local issues, increasing pressure on governments.

To mitigate these impacts and prevent economic losses, governments can implement regulatory measures such as improving content moderation, enhancing transparency in algorithms, and establishing real-time monitoring systems.

Additionally, promoting digital literacy can help the public better discern credible information. Studies on events like the Arab Spring and the 2020 U.S. protests illustrate the profound influence of social media on civil unrest, highlighting the need for balanced regulatory approaches that protect freedom of expression while ensuring public safety.

About sending documents, I advise you to make your own finding from the relevant sources such as National and International archives for more information.

I wish you Goodluck!

Democracy is the best model because it places autonomy in the majority than in a leader. It provides for checks and balance and prioritize the rule of law. It is sustainable and archors on the tenets of democracy that provides a framework for continuity in terms of power change. It limits contradiction as the law is supreme and avoids abuse of authority.

1. Laboratory Tests:

a. Physical Tests: These tests are conducted to assess the physical properties of cement, such as setting time, soundness, and consistency. Some common tests include Vicat needle test for setting time, soundness test using the Le Chatelier method, and consistence test using the Vee-Bee Consistometer.

b. Chemical Tests: These tests are performed to determine the chemical composition of cement and ensure it meets the required specifications. Some common chemical tests include chemical analysis (determination of oxide composition), sulfate content test, chlorine content test, and alkali content test.

2. Field Tests:

a. Compression Strength Test: This test is conducted to evaluate the strength of cement in concrete samples under compression loading conditions. Cylindrical or cubic concrete specimens are prepared and cured for a specific period before being subjected to compression testing.

b. Slump Test: This field test is used to measure the consistency or workability of fresh concrete mixtures by determining the slump value. The slump cone is filled with freshly mixed concrete, and after compacting, it is lifted to measure the amount of slump.

c. Air Content Test: This test is performed to determine the air content in freshly mixed concrete using methods such as the pressure method or vacuum method.

In both laboratory and field tests, proper sampling techniques are essential for obtaining representative samples that accurately reflect the properties of the cement or concrete mixture under investigation.

Access to specific databases like the CEB-FIP database might require institutional or professional memberships. However, you can explore academic databases like Scopus, IEEE Xplore, or Web of Science for research papers and articles on corroded prestressed steel. Additionally, reaching out to relevant academic institutions or research organizations specializing in structural engineering or corrosion might provide access to valuable data and resources.

شكرا لكم

@Mary M

Civil discourse assessment involves examining several elements, such as the language, empathy, and attentive listening displayed during communication. Key factors include mutual respect, openness to compromise, and the absence of hostile remarks. To quantify this, researchers can employ surveys, group discussions, and analyzing the content of conversations, providing a well-rounded understanding of the degree of civil discourse in various situations.

i am agree too, we can use data set

because data set have tolerance and we know that soil just a technical approach, and it will be valid when conducted laboratory testing

To write a multiple-case study, a summary of individual cases should be reported, and researchers need to draw cross-case conclusions and form a cross-case report. With evidence from multiple cases, researchers may have generalizable findings and develop theories.

Go to the Wiley Author Services website: https://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/Prepare-Your-Manuscript/LaTeX-templates.html (ref to )

And replace the "STIX1COL" with "STIX2COL" in "APA//wileyNJD-APA.tex" file to get two column style, which would make the first codeline:

'''

\documentclass[APA,STIX2COL]{WileyNJD-v2}

'''

A retaining wall in civil engineering serves the purpose of supporting soil or other materials at a different level on either side of the wall. These walls are commonly used to prevent soil erosion, manage slopes, and create level surfaces in areas with varying elevations. The primary functions of retaining walls include:

There are different types of retaining walls, including gravity walls, cantilever walls, counterfort walls, and anchored walls. The choice of the retaining wall type depends on factors such as the height of the wall, soil conditions, and the specific engineering requirements of the project. Proper design and construction of retaining walls are crucial to ensure their stability and effectiveness in fulfilling their intended purpose.

Remedies' purpose is to rectify the wrongs committed against the plaintiff, save you from unjust enrichment, and deter future harm. The appropriate treatment depends on the circumstances of every specific case. Here are a number of the principal remedies to be had in civil law:

- Damages - Monetary compensation offered to a plaintiff who has suffered a loss or harm due to the illegal acts or negligence of the defendant. Damages are intended to put the plaintiff again into the position they would have been in had the harm not taken place.

- Injunctions - A court order directing a restraining to or impeding the defendant from doing particular acts. For instance, a courtroom can place an injunction ordering a defendant to prevent an activity that is inflicting damage to the plaintiff.

- Declaratory injunction - A courtroom proclaims the rights and obligations of events without ordering something to be completed or provided. It is declared to resolve uncertainties surrounding rights and obligations.

- Restitution - Requires a defendant to give up cash or assets acquired through wrongful acts to restore the plaintiff to their unique role. Its objective is to prevent unjust enrichment.

- Specific performance - A defendant is ordered with the aid of the court to perform a particular act they are obligated to under a contract. Used while financial damages would be insufficient.

- Reformation/Rectification- The court reforms/rectifies a written record to mirror what the events at first intended in cases of blunders or fraud. For example, reforming/rectifying the language in an agreement

I will like to make a few key points regarding Article 206/2 of the Iraqi Civil Code and the statement about civil liability:

The civil court and criminal court are separate systems with different standards and burdens of proof. The civil court does not strictly adhere to criminal standards of liability.

In fact, Article 206/2 states that for civil liability to apply, there must be harm or damage present. A mistake alone is not enough if it did not cause damages. This is a lower bar than criminal liability which focuses more on the violation of law itself. The statement is partially correct that the civil court does not automatically adopt a criminal court's findings. However, a criminal conviction can potentially be persuasive evidence in determining civil liability, depending on the specifics of the case.

Notwithstanding, civil liability has a focus on compensation and addressing damages caused. The goal is to make the harmed party whole, not necessarily to punish wrongful conduct like the criminal system. Issues like whether the defendant personally benefited from their actions may matter less from a civil liability viewpoint if damages occurred.

But, the statement about not requiring compensation if there is no harm to the public interest may be an overgeneralization. Harm can be assessed based on damages to private parties as well, not only to broad public interests.

Though, the civil and criminal justice systems differ in focus, standards, and procedures. The civil court evaluating liability and damages operates independently, but may consider relevant evidence and findings from other proceedings. The key threshold is determining whether harmful conduct resulted in compensable damages based on civil codes and precedents.

The research included a detailed study of human rights in the Iraqi Constitution in force for the year 2005, including a study of civil rights and political rights, which are the protection and privileges of personal authority for all citizens under the law, such as the right to life, the right to privacy, the right to dignity, and freedom of residence. Movement and other rights, political rights.

Hello Haque Mobassir Imtiyazul Haque Shaikh ,

I agree with your contention that some ideas initially strike most people as 'crazy' both in technical and nontechnical fields. Examples from nontechnical fields include: opposing slavery, gun control, democracy, women voting, environmentalism, climate change, etc. Examples from technical fields include: mRNA vaccines (COVID-19 vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer), prions (self replicating proteins), continental drift, quasicrystalls, Josephson junctions (SQUIDs), quantum mechanics, the personal computer, the Internet, the airplane, radio, TV, electricity, etc. One person's 'crazy' idea may eventually become widely accepted, and even commercially important. And don't forget, many 'crazy' ideas originated from by-the-book investigations: the idea of the quantum of energy arose from Max Planck's tireless attempts at trying to explain the shape of the blackbody curve using classical thermodynamics, and superconductivity in some metals was the result of a rather pedestrian checking of electrical conductivity of metals at liquid helium temperatures - no one expected superconductivity and no theory predicted it.

I really like your question.

Regards,

Tom Cuff

Hi Zaid Jahagirdar

Certainly! The settlement of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills is quite complex due to the biological degradation processes, time-dependent behavior, and non-linear properties of waste. When choosing a software for landfill settlement analysis, it's essential to select one that can handle these complexities. Here are some of the most suitable software options for landfill settlement analysis:

1. **PLAXIS**:

- **Overview**: PLAXIS is a powerful and user-friendly finite element software used for geotechnical applications. It is equipped to handle complex soil-structure interaction problems.

- **Relevance**: PLAXIS has a module for environmental geotechnics which can be employed for landfill analysis. It can deal with the non-linear, time-dependent behavior of waste.

- **User Interface**: It has a user-friendly interface with a well-structured layout, making it easy for users to model and interpret results.

2. **GeoStudio**:

- **Overview**: GeoStudio is a suite of software products for geotechnical and geo-environmental modeling. It is widely used in academia and industry.

- **Relevance**: The suite includes SIGMA/W for stress and deformation modeling, which can be applied to landfill settlement analysis. It can incorporate the effects of waste degradation, leachate generation, and gas production.

- **User Interface**: The software provides a comprehensive graphical user interface that facilitates model creation, analysis, and results interpretation.

3. **WASTE**:

- **Overview**: WASTE is a specialized software for MSW landfill design and analysis.

- **Relevance**: It can predict settlements in MSW landfills by considering the mechanical and biological processes. This software is developed precisely for waste mechanics, making it highly relevant.

- **User Interface**: Being specialized for waste mechanics, its interface is tailored to the needs of landfill analysis, providing a focused user experience.

4. **ABAQUS**:

- **Overview**: ABAQUS is a general-purpose finite element software known for its capability to handle complex simulations.

- **Relevance**: Though not specifically designed for landfill analysis, its flexibility allows users to model the behavior of MSW landfills by defining the appropriate material properties and boundary conditions.

- **User Interface**: ABAQUS provides a robust user interface, but it might have a steeper learning curve than software specifically designed for geotechnical applications.

**Recommendation**:

For a final year project, I'd recommend starting with either **PLAXIS** or **GeoStudio** as they are both user-friendly and equipped for geotechnical and geo-environmental applications. **WASTE** is also an excellent choice if you're focusing specifically on waste mechanics. If you're familiar with finite element analysis and are looking for a challenge, then you might consider **ABAQUS**.

In any case, it's crucial to ensure you have access to tutorials, documentation, or experts familiar with the chosen software to guide you through your project.

Yes, it is possible to model 2D frames with properties equivalent to those of 3D frames and still achieve accurate results, especially if the buildings you are studying are symmetrical and lack torsion or disarray complexities. This approach can save you a significant amount of time. To perform this task in ETABS, you can follow these steps: 1. Open your ETABS software and create a new model. 2. Define the properties of the materials you will be using in your analysis, such as concrete or steel. 3. Create the 2D frame elements by drawing them on the plan view of your building. Make sure to accurately represent the geometry and connectivity of the 3D moment frames. 4. Assign appropriate section properties to each frame element based on the properties of the corresponding 3D moment frame members. 5. Apply loads to your model, such as dead loads, live loads, or any other relevant loads. 6. Define boundary conditions for your model, including supports and restraints. 7. Run the analysis in ETABS using appropriate analysis settings and methods (e.g., static or dynamic analysis). 8. Review and interpret the results obtained from the analysis, such as member forces, displacements, reactions, etc. It is important to note that while modeling 2D frames can save time, it may not capture all aspects of behavior compared to a full 3D analysis. Therefore, it is recommended to validate your results by comparing them with known benchmarks or conducting additional checks if necessary. If you need further assistance with specific steps or features in ETABS during this process, feel free to ask for more help.

Level is determined by the source of funding for various projects

Thank you all so much for your different answers, they will be very useful to me.

-Initial risk mapping by zones/communities/urban centres

-Attitudes & awareness surveys to identify society segments, stakeholders and needs

-Community planning of DRR, early alerts, preparedness, mitigation actions, including cost/benefit, order of priorities & stakeholders

-PSAs, Drills & Visualisation exercises at ea level for capacity building and reinforcement

-Coordination with government agencies (governance, planning, budgeting, animal husbandry, services, health, civil defence…)

Once cycle is done, repeat risk mapping analysis to tackle next vulnerabilities in the priority list.

-Initial risk mapping by zones/communities/urban centres-Public policy analysis & advocacy needs-Attitudes & awareness surveys to identify society segments, stakeholders and needs-Community planning of DRR, early alerts, preparedness, mitigation actions, including cost/benefit, order of priorities & stakeholders -PSAs, Drills & Visualisation exercises at ea level for capacity building and reinforcement-Coordination with government agencies (governance, planning, budgeting, animal husbandry, services, health, civil defence…)

Once cycle is done, repeat risk mapping analysis to tackle next vulnerabilities in the priority list. IFRC, UNOCHA can help.

That’s in a nutshell!

Our faculty provide a Ph.D. degree about the project management. Top 100 ranking via QS world ranking lists and lower living cost and tuition fees. Excellent candidates can apply for Research Assistantships or scholarships. Welcome to apply University of Malaya.

Soft computing

Dear Mr. Shravan Macherla,

There are many potential research topics in civil engineering that could benefit from thorough investigation and analysis, depending on your specific interests and expertise. Here are a few examples:

These are just a few examples of the many potential research topics in civil engineering. The most important thing is to choose a topic that aligns with your interests and skills, and that has the potential to make a meaningful contribution to the field.

Best regards,

It begins with the government itself believing in human rights and guaranteeing intellectual, scientific, religious and ideological freedom, then it begins with local legal legislation while monitoring the work of its executive bodies.

I believe that the future for the core branches of Chemical and Pharmaceutical industries in AI and ML fields is promising. AI and ML can be applied in various aspects of these industries, including drug discovery, process optimization, quality control, and predictive maintenance. AI and ML can improve efficiency, reduce costs, and accelerate the development of new drugs and chemicals. In the coming years, we can expect to see increased adoption of AI and ML technologies in the Chemical and Pharmaceutical industries.

Thanks. I am looking for civil discourse we use for providing written feedback for the thesis/dissertation students.

International journal of bridge engineering

Romanian journal of acoustic and vibration

Dear Waleed,

The matter is not the soil itself. Curing raw soil has no sense unless, you wish to homogenize humidity in it. However, curing the stabilized soils depends on the type of binder that is used for stabilization. If you use chemical binders that require water for reaction, such as hydraulic binders (cement for instance) or pozzolanic binders (lime for instance), then you'll need to keep water in your specimens as long as possible after for reactions to continue and therefore for better efficiency of the stabilization.

Well, once that is clear, the choice of the curing method depends on the researcher's philosophy. Keeping the specimens for a given period after their fabrication in a controlled Temperature and relative humidity environment may rely on the purpose of comparing various admixtures' performances so that the differences could be assessed with no doubt on any impact of their curing conditions. Finally, some scientists may consider that leaving specimens in varying temperature and relative humidity is more realistic. That is to say that these conditions are like those occurring in the construction site where it isn't possible to apply laboratory curing methods.

regards

Thank you Jose Marques de Oliveira Júnior for the organized and comprehensive information. Highly appreciated!

Why not when it is innovative and productive of the same quality that is secure and healthy?

Artificial intelligence application :)

Dear Dauji Saha, thank you so much for your help.

Best,

Fernando

Dear Muhammad Ashar Ul Aleem,

Considering the long term trends in construction, climate change etc. then I would suggest the following research topic on civil engineering issues with the impact of water: Analysis of technological determinants, new construction technologies enabling the creation of autonomous intakes for drinking water (or other water with water treatment facilities) at residential, institutional, industrial buildings, etc. The importance of this topic will increase in the future due to the increasing frequency and severity of droughts and heatwaves in various regions of the world. On the other hand, newly built apartment blocks, housing estates, apartment buildings, office buildings, factory halls, etc. should be built to withstand floods, violent storms and gales. Such weather anomalies and other effects of climate change, including the progressive process of global warming are likely to become more frequent in the future, over the next decades and well into the current 21st century. In addition, various other environmental issues can be taken into account as part of this type of construction, with the aim of taking greater account of local environmental factors right from the design stage of a building project. Consideration can also be given to the use of natural, renewable energy-producing building materials, green building materials enabling the construction of energy-independent, zero-emission, zero-energy houses, etc. Also, the inclusion in the building design of the installation of an in-house power plant for electricity and independent heat sources is an important issue in the context of the current energy crisis and the future climate crisis. In this way, through the use of green building technologies and eco-innovations in building materials, combined with the issue of the various categories of safety related to water and weather anomalies, new houses can be built as safe in many respects and in accordance with the sustainability goals, according to the formula of sustainable green building. Therefore, increasing security in terms of the availability of drinking water and anti-crisis security associated with increasingly frequent climatic disasters is becoming particularly important and will continue to grow in importance in the future. In view of the above, if you are looking for a forward-looking and developmental topic for your scientific work, I have just given an example of such a topic.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

By the way, In Poland we hardly ever use pure Portland cement in ordinary concrete - we often use the cements with fly ashes or blastfurnace slag.

Dear Student,

You should take Academic writing courses from SWAYAM, NPTEL, it will not only improve your technical writing skills but also the certificate will add to your academic credit.

Dear Mr. Gupta!

I am not a professor, not even a Doctor of Science. Still, I have information at my disposal that can be of value to you:

1) Elsevier Researcher Academy - a free-of-charge online interactive resource center: https://researcheracademy.elsevier.com/

2) https://researcheracademy.elsevier.com/publication-process

3) A case study - 2Open access publishing" - webinar: https://researcheracademy.elsevier.com/publication-process/open-science/publishing-open-access

4) "Authorship" - webinar: https://researcheracademy.elsevier.com/publication-process/ethics/authorship

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

I was not aware that preemption could relate to moveable property. This would make no sense to me. Preemption relates to special circumstances only found in "real property" or immovable property. The special circumstances are features of proximity. So, it might relate to an owner of contiguous property, or to an access road, or even to an owner of a share of a property. Now, as to why a sale must occur. This is the way that the terms of the sale would be revealed. Without an actual sale, there would be no guidance as to what the preemptive purchaser should pay.

Preemption does not exist in USA law. However, similar rights emerge by prescription and necessity. Prescription relates to the actual use of another's property and necessity relates to access to a road or possibly a river (if travel by waterway is the only way to travel). So, again, proximity is the central issue.

Carbon fiber is typically used, and carbon UD is used in some major primary structures. The solar drone applied in this paper used carbon fiber and UD together. In addition, certified materials (B-Basis, DB) must be used when using these drones for commercial purposes, such as sales, rather than for experimental purposes.

soil structure interaction

Dear ,

Thanks for this interesting find. It all sounds disturbing, but it looks like a somewhat hyped-up story as well. Look at the resemblance between the history of for example Elsevier:

-Elsevier once founded by some individuals and is named after and old Dutch family Elzevir (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsevier). The fact that a few individuals run the whole business is not uncommon

-All sorts of constructions and links with other companies is not uncommon. Nowadays Elsevier is part of the RELX Group (which is a British-Dutch multinational information and analytics company https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RELX)

-Numerous issues in the past can be found in the history of Elsevier as well (see for a brief summary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsevier#Academic_practices), including one of Elsevier's journals that was caught in the sting set up by John Bohannon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Peer_Review%3F

-I noticed that the Bentham examples used in the news article are quite old, while the highly informative site Retraction Watch (https://retractionwatch.com/) continuously reports recent examples of scientific misconduct of basically all big publishers (search for Elsevier renders 73 pages of issues

Needless to say, that I am not denying that Bentham has some serious issues. My point is more that basically the whole scientific publishing business is not flawless. The peer review system and serious indexing services (like Scopus, Clarivate’s SCIE/SSCI, PubMed and DOAJ) are, though not flawless, basically the best guarantee ‘we’ got that the publishing processes fulfil a certain degree of scientific rigour.

Best regards.

I have another opinion!

The history of computing and related telecommunications' technologies has witnessed many revolutions. Unfortunately, these revolutions are originally launched for the destruction and making crimes against humanity.

By examining the history of computing, we will find that computers and the related underlying technologies are originally invented to support military purposes. For instance, look at the following revolutions:

I advise you to choose population based health monitoring, it is rare topic especially for civil and interesting

excellent quesion

Try to study about an alternative for steel reinforcement .. like GFRP

You might find on net, by writing " Surveying Objective Questions"

Actually, I prefer to contact directly to college professors, ... they will guide you more effectively

I prefer to contact directly with College professors..

Electro negative property of clay will govern if Any cationic nano material is added. But still u should have mentioned the type of nano materials.

C++, Matlab and Python

SAP2000 has two types: Student version and professional version. The latter is better as it has considerable capacities and it is adaptable for the design and calculations of great structures.

Other software such as AutoCAD 3D, FLAC 3D, ANSYS, ABAQUS, HecRas and so on, can be used. It should be noted that any software has its peculiarities. The selection depends on what you want to achieve witch accuracy! Sometimes, you can use 2 software to compare the precision level of the results!

You are most welcome dear Pingbo Tang .

Wish you the best always.

In his name is the judge

thank all of you Juan Pablo Peñaloza & Kan-Jen Liu & Paul Mathew

Vizhalil my dear friends.

I think found my answer. for researching about kind of structure we use parametric structure to do complete research. for example to see affect of torsionally assymetry structures we develope parametric structures.

It means we Generate structure in 3 diffrent periods like 0.5,0.75,1 second. mass, dimension and stiffness of structure are not important in this case what is important is period only. in the second step we Generate 3 structures which have 3 diffrent torsional ratio (torsional ratio = (period of torsional mode)/(period of Transitional mode)) 0.5,1,1.5 for each single period. so totaly we build 27 diffrent structres which their elements, dimension or materials and etc are not important at all the only main things about them are periods and torsional ratio.

We call these structures parametric and we can use them for Exhaustive research about torsionally assymetry structure in our Purpose. i used parametric structures in case of see tlcgd affect on torsionally assymetry structure.

Take refuge in the right.

Kindly find my working if you need more tutorials you can follow me on research gate. I can teach you for free.

You can check my paper.

This is a good question.

I also recommend that you re-read (i.e. re-examine) your past core textbooks and read the latest - if possible! When you re-read your past material you will better understand them! Usually, when we graduate, we would have a different approach to past material and experiences!

Intresting questions

Since you have hydrology background as well as chemistry you have the necessary skills.

Just read IPCC reports as wells as papers in mdpi that deal with climate change. You can also look for videos of climate change and sometimes you can be lucky to get online courses that are free on the subject you are interested. Climate change can be about studying floods which I am sure you studied in your hydrology or any water related course.

If you want to split the sample into binary groups (men vs women, old vs young, rich vs. poor) you can use MANCOVA. If you want to keep it as continuous variables (precise age, precise income) you should use regression.

The question is very relevant!

I hope my research will be of use to you

use conjunction in making the sentence

Yes it's possible, bet definitely, it's going to cost you time, a whole new experience from process to traditional Engineering. It's worthwhile as new technologies are bound to be developed from analysis of materials.

Для начала необходимо иметь руководителя из числа опытных, имеющих ученую степень преподавателей. Он подскажет и тему, и литературу, и с чего начать и чем закончить. Если с этими будут проблемы, напишите мне на мою почту agd_tmm48@mail.ru To begin with, it is necessary to have a supervisor from among experienced teachers with an academic degree. He will tell you both the topic and the literature, and where to start and how to finish. If there are any problems with these, write to me at my email agd_tmm48@mail.ru

Interesting question but it is away from my field. Following to see comments from experts