Cicero - Science topic

Cicero’s Letters and the Politics of Transgression after the Social War This paper aims to explore the role and impact of Cicero’s correspondence in understanding political and social transgression in the period following the so-called Social War (91-87 BCE) until the consolidation of Sulla's regime and his withdrawal from active politics in 79 BCE...

Nicholas of Cusa's De docta ignorantia echoes the well-known Socratic saying from its title. Despite this, the name of Socrates rarely appears in Nicholas of Cusa's writings, where it is recorded a small amount of textual occurrences. This (apparent?) contradiction deserves a clarification, which will be the task of this chapter. Here it will be fo...

Humor in Philosophy and Ethics There are many philosophical conundrums in American culture: Why does "slow down" and "slow up" mean the same thing? Why does "fat chance" and "slim chance" mean the same thing? Why do "tug" boats push their barges? Why do we sing "Take me out to the ball game" when we are already there? Why is it called "after dark...

Este artigo visa analisar o conto O zumbi de Mansinha, de Jayme Griz. Calcado nos condicionantes teóricos propostos por Ernst Jentsch, Sigmund Freud e Tzvetan Todorov, para refletir sobre os parâmetros conceituais que regem o estranho na esfera literária, adotamos como categoria analítica a forma como o insólito é percebido no relato. Com base na a...

Bu çalışmada, Batı düşüncesinde önemli yer tutan Cicero ve Augustinus'un insan doğası ve devlet anlayışları ele alınmaktadır. Önemli bir düşünür olmasının yanı sıra Roma tarihinin büyük devlet adamlarından biri de olan Cicero, Roma Cumhuriyeti'ni ideal bir devlet düzeni olarak görmüş ve doğal hukuk ile adaleti, insan doğasının evrensel değerleri ol...

Medieval maps and manuscripts are renowned for their bizarre and imaginative drawings, including fantastical creatures like knightly rabbits riding snail-men and headless Blemmyes with faces on their chests. These beings, originating from ancient stories and often associated with Alexander the Great's travels, represent a unique type of semi-human...

Psychiatric services for individuals with serious mental illnesses have been inadequate and a public disgrace. To correct this situation, we must assign responsibility at the state and local, not federal, levels, and prioritize services for the sickest patients. Psychiatric professionals who have been trained with public funds should have an obliga...

This article examines the classical writings of the Victorian novelist Anthony Trollope, The Commentaries of Caesar (1870) and The Life of Cicero (1880), contextualizing them in contemporary discussions of the late Roman Republic and the author’s own career and world-view.

The main goal of the paper is to provide the theoretical model for the a fortiori argument. After a brief history of a fortiori argument (especially in the works of Aristotle, Alexander, Cicero, and Boethius) we propose its general concept, components, and argumentation schemes, its classification, and finally, criteria for assessment. The main rea...

Resolved spatial information for climate change projections is critical to any robust assessment of climate impacts and adaptation options. However, the range of spatially resolved future scenario assessments available is limited, due to the significant computational and human demands of Earth System Model (ESM) pipelines. In order to explore a wid...

Encontrará el COMENTARIO E INTERPRETACIÓN DE LAS RES GETAE DIVI AUGUSTI tras el TEXTO LATINO Y TRADUCCIÓN. Nos hallamos ante una autobiografía del que fuera el primer emperador de Roma, Cayo Octavio Turino, más tarde César Augusto (63 a. C.-14 d. C.). Las Res gestae divi Augusti-título impuesto tras la muerte del líder, cuando sea convertido en di...

O presente caso trata da história de Cícero, um senhor de idade aposentado, que decide, por indicação de seu vizinho, comprar um carro pela plataforma XYZ. Nesse mencionado site, Cícero se depara com o anúncio de João, referente a um veículo automotor, tipo SUV, modelo/ano 2012. No entanto, durante as negociações, no intuito de averiguar as condiçõ...

Decolonial readings with the philosopher of liberation Enrique Dussel in comprehensive hermeneutic ecoecophatic and diatopic, in the planetary decolonial project-complex emerge on stage presenting a dossier of Life and Legacy of Enrique Dussel. The Dialógos Magazine of the State University of Maringa, directed by Dr. Marco Cícero Cavallini, is dres...

Cicero’s seminal treatise, De Divinatione, demonstrates a nuanced approach that concurrently affirms and questions the significance and suitableness of divinatory practices. This dialectical perspective finds a parallel when looking at two ancient Confucian scholars, Dong Zhongshu and Xunzi, each of them offering a version of the conundrum highligh...

Lecturas decoloniales con el filósofo de la liberación Enrique Dussel en hermeneusis comprensiva ecosófica y diatópica, en el proyecto decolonial planetario–complejo emergen en escena presentando un dossier de Vida y Legado de Enrique Dussel. La Revista Dialógos de la Universidad Estadual de Maringá, que dirije el Dr. Marco Cícero Cavallini, se vis...

É objeto de estudo do presente artigo o simulacrum da deusa Diana de Segesta no De Signis de Cícero, parte da In Verrem oratio secunda. Busca-se analisar especificamente o papel argumentativo da écfrase do simulacro de Diana à luz dos conceitos de mimese (ou, μίμησις, imitativo, imitação) – neste caso, considerando-se como produto da referida opera...

No presente artigo se investigou a relação entre lei natural e lei positiva (eterna e humana conforme o autor), segundo o prisma de Agostinho e Cícero. A escolha de dois autores com distância temporal de quatro séculos, e, consequentemente, com certa disparidade entre os contextos políticos, justifica-se por Cícero se constituir importante fonte te...

As artificial intelligence scales, the concepts of alignment, agency, and autonomy have become central to AI safety, governance, and control. However, even in human contexts, these terms lack universal definitions, varying across disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, law, computer science, mathematics, and political science. This inconsistenc...

Ancient writers, including philosophers such as Aristotle, often depict friendship as a source of pleasure; by contrast, in his Laelius de amicitia , Cicero describes such relationships as sweet and delightful, but never connects them with uoluptas , which for him is a largely negative term reserved for Epicurean doctrine. This paper argues that th...

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Schweigen als Akt der Kommunikation und stellt nach einer theoretischen Einführung Textstellen von Cicero, Ovid, Petron, Catull und Vergil vor, in denen Figuren schweigen und/oder Schweigen thematisiert wird. Durch eine vergleichende Lektüre dieser Stellen im Unterricht kann es zum einen gelingen, für da...

Summary Historians that study gladiatorial contests have to use written sources coming from much later period than the transformation, dated for the 4th c. BC basing on iconographic sources, of the original human sacrifice into the early stage of gladiatorial fights. The information that comes mostly from Christian authors deprives this complex pro...

Abstract: The term myrmillo denoting a modified type of the Galic gladiator was most certainly used in the days of Cicero. The literature on the subject does not provide definitive opinions en the differences between the weapons and combat techniques of the myrmillo and its Galic prototype. The only tangible difference recorded in the relevant sour...

The curricular practices of Geography teachers in Basic Education in Brazil present various nuances, especially when related to practices in schools located in border contexts. Brazil shares borders with ten countries in South America, with seven of these borders located in the Northern Region of the country—more than half of the total. The cultura...

Dalam hukum pidana internasional, belum banyak orang mengetahui tentang hal ini. Ada yang mengatakan bahwa selain masih kurangnya referensi tentang hukum pidana internasional, juga hukum pidana internasional sangat lambat berkembang, hal ini tidak sepenuhnya benar. Cicero mengatakan bahwa ibi societas ubi ius menjelaskan bahwa hukum tidak statis me...

The panel I Saw the World... It Began in Recife (1926-29) is a significant milestone in the history of Brazilian modern art, not only for having inaugurated the Revolutionary Salon of 1931 but also for presenting various facets of a world that Cícero Dias considered modern. This was achieved through the union – montage – of fragments collected from...

This essay presents an analysis of the construction process of the poetry book Umbral del colibrí. 99 tanatonautas poems (2023) by Costa Rican writer Magda Zavala. To support the theoretical bases, the study is based on ideas, mainly for the modern context, of Hernández, Nieto, Borges, Fernández, among others. It also uses Greco-Latin references fr...

Dear Colleagues, Biochar is a solid material, rich in carbon, obtained by thermochemical processes from various organic residues. Biochar as a soil amendment has been widely studied and the results indicate that it can partially or fully replace chemical fertilizers in agricultural production. However, in some cases, low concentrations or imbalanc...

O grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L.) é uma leguminosa de grande importância, sobretudo para a saúde, sendo fonte de proteínas, carboidratos, minerais, vitaminas e fibras. Suas sementes podem apresentar diferenças na variabilidade dimensional, sendo importante a padronização por tamanho, com o intuito de facilitar a operação de semeadura e permitir a...

Neste artigo, propõe-se reler as Cartas Chilenas, atribuídas a Tomás Antônio Gonzaga (1744-1810), examinando-se nelas o retrato físico e moral do governador d. Luís da Cunha Meneses, estendida a seus homens de confiança personificados no poema. A abordagem leva em conta o intertexto com poetas satíricos considerados modelares, a exemplo de Horácio;...

key words: Cicero, gladiatorial fights, lanista, organization of the games, invective, and political struggle in the decline of the Roman republic. A summary of the article in French can be found at the end of the text.

keywords: Decline of the Roman republic, Publius Clodius, Cicero, political struggle, private armed troops, collegia nova Summary: The present paper aims at interpreting the fragment of Cicero, in which he stated that new collegia founded on the lex Clodia, dated from 58 B.C., were created ,„ab uno gladiatore” (Pro Sestio, 85).So far most historian...

keywords: Roman Republic, slavery, escapes, Cicero SUMMARY: The historical literature frequently subscribes to the view, obtained from untrustworthy and unobjective sources, that Roman slaves were somewhat temperamentally inclined to escape (due to the broadly understood condition of bondage); moreover, they were said to do it whenever a good cha...

This paper begins with a brief, rather simplified account of the intellectual structure of modern International Human Rights theory as it emerged during and after the United Nations adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. It then moves on to examine two cruicial, if rather isolated, Roman literary sources that arguably antici...

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), characterized by tau lesions and amyloid plaques, has traditionally been investigated within the cortical domain. Recent neuroimaging studies have implicated micro‐ and macrostructural abnormalities in cortical layers during the progression of AD. While examinations from diverse brain regions have contributed to...

The title inspired by Bertrand Russell’s and Alfred North Whitehead’s seminal "Principia Mathematica", the philosophical enterprise "Principia Ontologia" can be described as a genealogically-cognizant, structurally-conscious, and phenomenologically-competent fundamental ontological inquiry. It is designed to answer the question Martin Heidegger’s 1...

The title inspired by Bertrand Russell’s and Alfred North Whitehead’s seminal "Principia Mathematica", the philosophical enterprise "Principia Ontologia" can be described as a genealogically-cognizant, structurally-conscious, and phenomenologically-competent fundamental ontological inquiry. It is designed to answer the question Martin Heidegger’s 1...

O presente artigo propõe uma análise comparativa das produções cinematográficas Guru das Sete Cidades (1972), dirigida por Carlos Bini, e Ai que vida (2008), dirigida por Cícero Filho. O exame detalhado desses filmes leva em conta a relevância dos respectivos contextos de produção, as dinâmicas de recepção e a emergência dos debates e expressões da...

A prática adivinhatória cumpre um papel social e religioso importante na Roma antiga. Dentro dessa ampla prática, há a diferenciação feita por Cícero, em De Diuinatione [“Sobre a adivinhação” I, 6, 11-12], em duas espécies: as artificiais, que requerem conhecer a fundo uma técnica, como a aruspicina; e as naturais, que dependem apenas das disposiçõ...

In Roman literature the negative image of a stepmother exists at least from the Late Republican times onwards. The Roman authors underline the cruelty of stepmothers and their mistreatment of stepchildren. Sometimes the amorous stepmother wants to seduce her adult stepson and, after the latter repudiates her love, begins to victimize him. In Latin...

Pythagoras was a prominent and controversial Greek philosopher, mathematician and the founder of Pythagoreanism. Pythagoras created a cult based on reincarnation and the bean ban. This study focuses on Pythagoras' prohibition of beans. In some stories, they weren't even allowed to touch beans. Why did the Pythagoreans declare that beans were taboo?...

The article examines the sections from "Life of Antony" in which Plutarch had omitted or adapted to his philosophical-moralistic thought and to the cultural sensitivity of all his readers some hostile traditions to the triumvir, which were understandable only to an audience familiar with the principles of "mos maiorum". By means of this analysis, C...

Much research has gone into reconstructing and analysing Laelius’ and Philus’ speeches for and against justice as featuring in Cicero’s De re publica book III. However, there has not yet been a systematic discussion of the significance which Carneades, the Carneadean method and the divisio Carneadea play not only in this exchange but also in Cicero...

In 80 BC, at the age of 26, the future Roman statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero defended one Sextus Roscius from accusations of patricide. For Cicero, the stakes were high for challenging such a strong accusation, as patricide was seen as a horrific crime in the public eye of Rome. For one, if Cicero were to lose his defense, he would be the one to bl...

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a proposta de tratamento dado ao corpo presente na obra Discussões Tusculanas de Marco Túlio Cícero. Nessa obra, o autor organiza diversos elementos da cultura ocidental, a fim de apresentar uma sabedoria genuinamente latina, diferenciando-a dos gregos. Cícero direciona seus escritos aos acadêmicos Romanos, esse...

Roman Philosophy. Although the Romans were a practical people throughout their history, the influence of the Greeks also made its presence felt in the field of philosophy. This has been increasingly configured since 168 BC, when the Romans conquered Macedonia. From this moment on, many philosophers and rhetoricians from Greece began to come to Rome...

key words: roman slavery, escapes, Cicero, his slave Dionysius, freedom The article deals with the problem of runaway Roman slaves during the decline of the republic. It is based on a case study of Cicero's slave, a certain Dionysius. The author of the article considers whether this was an escape from oppressive slavery, or whether the most impor...

Resumen. El concepto de persona es el presupuesto de todo el orden jurídico. Sin embargo, en las fuentes jurídicas romanas, el vocablo persona se presenta de manera excepcional, y con un sentido análogo al de caput. Según algunos autores, como Alejandro Guzmán Brito, el concepto procedería del vocablo griego πρόσωπον. Para otros autores como Mauric...

O artigo se propõe a mostrar que o conceito iluminista de superstição, que a apresenta com base nas categorias da ignorância e do medo, é uma retomada, em outras condições históricas, da discussão teológica tardo-antiga sobre esse fenômeno. Objeto de reflexão crítica em pensadores romanos como Cícero, Varrão e Sêneca, esse conceito é transposto por...

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems advance in capability and complexity, AI deception and scheming have emerged as critical areas of concern. These behaviors, ranging from strategic misrepresentation to manipulative tactics, pose significant challenges across technical, ethical, and societal domains. This article comprehensively explores AI de...

RESUMO Esta pesquisa busca registrar e analisar a presença da folkcomunicação em espaços religiosos, turísticos e comerciais no Cariri cearense. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, unindo a folkcomunicação à fotoetnografia para o seu desenvolvimento. Tem como objetivo analisar a influência folk, da imagem do Pe. Cícero, ícone religioso...

Against the assumption that their literary form precludes Plato from expressing views in his dialogues, this paper argues that it is legitimate to read certain utterances of characters also as expressions of Plato’s views or to infer Plato’s views from his characters’ speech. Ancient hermeneutical practice, including the practice of Plato’s charact...

A presente edição da Revista Internacional de Folkcomunicação (RIF) encerra o ano de 2024 com uma relevante contribuição à pesquisa na área ao publicar o dossiê “Comunicação, Cultura e Arte na América Latina”, organizado pela professora Dra. Aida Carvajal (Universidade Anáhuac México) e pelos professores Dr. Denis Renó (Universidade Estadual Paulis...

In the article, the author questions the view that punitive policy in Republican Rome was implemented in order to ‘maintain power by the ruling elite’. Power in the Roman republic was not the domain of one governmental body, but rather constituted the sum of the authoritative powers of the central governmental bodies. The author also proves that in...

Marcus Tullius Cicero’s concept of “ius gentium,” or universal law, provides a timeless framework for understanding and defending fundamental human rights, particularly in the context of reproductive freedom. Cicero distinguished between “ius gentium” and “ius civile,” emphasizing that while civil law governs specific communities, universal law, ro...

This article examines the connections between twelfth-century school-texts and contemporaneous vernacular literature. It argues for an unmistakable influence in the rhetorical structure of Chrétien de Troyes’ Perceval that comes from Statius’ Achilleid and subsequently originates in both authors’ use of the ‘attributes of character’ as delineated i...

The idea of civil society was first put forward by the philosopher Cicero. Civil society is portrayed as a society that puts forward existing and morals. The discussion of civil society cannot be separated from the era of digital transformation characterized by the use of technology in daily life. The focus of this article is to analyze the strengt...

The humanities were the most important part of Jesuit education. The Jesuit lower school taught grammar, humanities, and rhetoric to boys and young men in the Society of Jesus and it was free. The goal was to educate boys in the humanities so that they would become adult leaders who would make wise decisions for the common good. Most Jesuit schools...

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the concept of justice in Roman rhetoric, with the aim of expressing its fundamental characters. Theoretical framework: This topic presents the main concepts and theories that support research. Particularly the analysis of the rhetorical texts of Cicero, and the conception of justice in the d...

Resumen: A partir de algunas reflexiones de Pier Paolo Pasolini, y en relación con tesis defendidas ya en el ámbito de la retórica clásica (Aristóteles, Cicerón, Quintiliano), se analiza en este artículo el valor que las nociones de ejemplo y sobre todo de vida-ejemplo adquieren (o pueden o deberían adquirir) en ámbito didáctico, con especial atenc...

Resumo Proponho, neste ensaio, uma comparação entre os “mitos de origem” associados ao ensaio e ao romance. A ideia é me aprofundar no exame da “atitude ensaística” que caracteriza o ensaio como prática, mais do que como gênero ou forma. O contraste entre essas “ficções fundacionais” me leva a propor dois “tipos ideais” de escritores: o romancista...

It is indicated that Roman law, as the fundamental basis of modern jurisprudence, continues to arouse considerable interest among scientists and practitioners. Special attention is drawn to the concept of the constitution in the context of Roman law, which played an important role in ancient Rome. The study of the constitution as a category of Roma...

Romans appreciated reconciliation and even celebrated and advertised it by dedicating temples and coins to Concordia. Accordingly, Caesar’s Commentarii value reconciliation as well. Indeed, I will argue that, in spite of the war-bulletin tone that often pervades the Commentarii, reconciliation plays a key-role in Caesar’s accounts both of the Galli...

AIs can beat humans in game environments; however, how helpful those agents are to human remains understudied. We augment CICERO, a natural language agent that demonstrates superhuman performance in Diplomacy, to generate both move and message advice based on player intentions. A dozen Diplomacy games with novice and experienced players, with varyi...

The intricacies of the relationships between Roman aristocrats in the age of Cicero has been one of the most popular topics of discussion in modern scholarship. Cicero’s letters have drawn considerable attention as an invaluable source for the study of amicitiae in the late Roman republic. Nevertheless, the methods that Cicero and his contemporarie...

Um den Friedensbegriff in Caesars Kriegsberichten herauszuarbeiten, werden Stellen aus zwei Texten des zeitgenössischen Politikers und Denkers Cicero (De re publica und De officiis) herangezogen. Cicero bestimmt Frieden durch eine rechtliche Ordnung und Sprache als ihrem Instrument. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird deutlich, dass Frieden in Caesars Beri...

The French term caractère (character) was frequently debated during the second half of the eighteenth century and was meant to establish a relationship between the form of a building and the purpose for which it was built. Its importance was twofold: it raised the issue of the intelligibility of architectural forms beyond their beauty, and, as a co...

O presente artigo analisa a relação com a escola dos adolescentes privados de liberdade no Centro Socioeducativo Padre Cícero, no município de Juazeiro do Norte – Ceará, na perspectiva da Teoria da Relação com o Saber de Bernard Charlot, procurando entender como esses jovens vivenciam o processo educacional em um contexto marcado por restrições e v...

Background Between 25 and 75% of people with persistent post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) experience cognitive difficulties, compromising functional ability, quality of life, and activities of daily living, including work. Despite this significant morbidity, there is a paucity of interventions for this disorder that have undergone...

The overwhelming majority of early Christian authors considered humour and laughter inappropriate. A significant exception to this is Tertullian, who ‒ as a trained orator ‒ was well aware of the importance of verbal humour, particularly as manifested in his apologetic works. In his disputes with heretics and pagans Tertullian practically destroyed...

1 Summary In the 2023 Nature publication “Dissecting cell identity via network inference and in silico gene perturbation” [1], the authors introduced CellOracle (CO), a novel method leveraging mRNA-seq and ATAC-seq data to construct gene regulatory networks (GRNs), which are subsequently used for gene perturbation. They designed CO to account for...

Em motetos, ofertórios, responsórios e missas de Manuel Dias de Oliveira, de José Joaquim Emerico Lobo de Mesquita, de André da Silva Gomes e de José Maurício Nunes Garcia, que constituem parte central da música colonial brasileira, observam-se recursos retóricos expressivos no texto musical artístico. Tais mecanismos retóricos são os mesmos locali...

This article explores the significant role of rhetoric and the arts of persuasion in the evolution of Roman political and legal life. The rule of law, public debate and the regulated role of elected magistrates were central to the empowerment of the Roman Republic beyond its early days as a small city-stated ruled by kings. Rome had a mixed framewo...

Resumo: Um dos propósitos das comparações filosóficas interculturais é o exame acerca de paralelismos culturais, o qual auxilia no entendimento de problemas existenciais. No entanto, é restrito o número de produções que tenham considerado o sentido do dever e o universo das virtudes, por intermédio de abordagem comparativa intercontinental. O propó...

In the discussion on the procedure for determining the risk of violating the rule of law under Article 7 (1) in connection with Article 2 TEU, it is sometimes alleged that it is difficult clearly to determine the content of the term “rule of law”. Thus, according to some, the whole procedure suffers from the flaw of arbitrary assessment, since alle...

The article "The Airplane in the Contestado Campaign" examines the use of aviation during the Contestado Campaign, a conflict that took place between 1912 and 1916 in the regions of Santa Catarina and Paraná, Brazil. The monk José Maria, leader of the rebels, mobilized followers in a fight against legalist forces. Aviation, which was beginning to b...

Em motetos, ofertórios, responsórios e missas de Manuel Dias de Oliveira, de José Joaquim Emerico Lobo de Mesquita, de André da Silva Gomes e de José Maurício Nunes Garcia, que constituem parte central da música colonial brasileira, observam-se recursos retóricos expressivos no texto musical artístico. Tais mecanismos retóricos são os mesmos locali...

The article explores the Roman concept of civitas, which defined their society as a civil collective bound by shared rights, duties, politics, religion, and ideology. Cicero described civitas as encompassing common laws, justice, and social ties. Unlike Greek polis, Roman citizenship was managed by high magistrates like the censor, emphasizing a hi...

F. Nietzsche impartió unos seminarios sobre la obra Cuestiones académicas de Cicerón en la Universidad de Basilea en los semestres de verano de 1870 e invierno de 1870/71. En principio, su carácter era filológico, pues se enmarcaban en la Konjekturalkritik, una importante subdisciplina de la filología clásica decimonónica. Sin embargo, en los apunt...

A nominal predicate construction (NPC; e.g. “Cicero is {Tully/an orator}”) typically indicates the relation of identity or inclusion. NPCs, however, may receive marked interpretations as well, as in “I’m the ham sandwich” and “Their car is a peculiar color”; the former does not entail that the speaker is identical to the sandwich, and the latter do...

From Quo vadis? to Tenet, through The Exorcist, this article offers some examples to illustrate the presence of Latin in Hollywood productions. From the MGM motto (Ars gratia artis) to the spells of Harry Potter, the language of Cicero appears with a certain resilience within various genres and contexts and in registers ranging from the most seriou...