Chips - Science topic

Yes, the smear is likely RNA. The black arrow seems like gDNA, but it's too close to the well. Did you purify the DNA before loading it onto the gel, either by column or the phenol:chloroform method?

Sonication time really depends on the machine; in my case, it's 30 seconds on, 90 seconds off for 10-15 minutes. RNase is crucial to remove RNA contaminants, ensuring what you observed is sheared DNA.

I wrote a ChIP-qPCR protocol for Arabidopsis, which you can find at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33421000/.

I hope it helps. Good luck.

NO problem，just use 0.1%SDS+0.5%SDC，high fragment will not interfere with ChIp-seq results too much.

After a greater collapse, your imaginary picture of a next generation economic system is possible.

Maybe you can try the GST Monoclonal Antibody from CUSABIO (product code: CSB-MA000031M1m). It has not been applied in chip, but it has been validated in ELISA, WB, IF, FC, and IP successfully. A 20ul free sample is available.

You can find more details on this page: https://www.cusabio.com/Tag-Control-Antibodies/GST-Monoclonal-Antibody-12930716.html

It looks like air bubbles are being created, if the flow is not uniform in all channels. You can avoid air bubbles by flowing in the liquid/media using pipette before you flow through the syringe pump.

Also, you can use multi-channel syringe pump which can accommodate 12 syringes at one time to avoid these kind of problems.

Juvaria Zafar

Sealing a microfluidic device with a Graphene Field-Effect Transistor (Gr FET) on it can be challenging due to the sensitivity of graphene to various treatments, including plasma exposure. Here are some suggestions that might help you achieve a successful seal without compromising the functionality of your Gr FET:

Remember to document your experiments meticulously, noting the specific treatments and materials used in each attempt. This record can be valuable for troubleshooting and refining your sealing process.

Maybe the blocking is due to surface roughness, which also leads to non-specific bonding. If I were you, I would try super-hydrophobic coating on the channel. Inject biocompatible super-hydrophobic fluids into the channels, then bake the chip to dry.

Hope this will help! If you find it helpful, please have a look at our work and welcome citations! ;)

Please start a new topic and do not ask a new question in an existing topic.

Hi Aynaz Biuky, Just to share some thoughts for your reference ONLY.

When searching on effective compounded technology for Plastics recycle,

perhaps, would be value add to practice by separating recycle-plastics in

2 major grouping. Such as, Thermal-Plastics vs Thermoset Plastics.

Good luck, Cheers!

DA

===

ELES VÃO PAGAR E IMPLANTAR EM "COBAISA", A SOCIEDADE APROVANDO OU NÃO, ISTO É CIÊNCIA COM GASTOS FINANCEIROS E DE RECURSOS HUMANOS, TAMBÉM, O PROFESSOE DEVE CONSIDERAR QUE ESTE ASSUNTO, NA VERDADE, PAREA SER VETADO HOJE, TINHA QUE SER PELA AUTORIDADE DE DIREITOS HUMANOS DA ONU, ESTOU CERTO...

Dear Doctor

Go To

"Abstract

Many reports state how serious the problems associated with cracking in reinforced concrete (RC) structures worldwide. The cracking can cause damage and destruction to RC structures. The cracks are the damage to RC structures that require repair or replacement. Analysis of the damage level as early as possible on the RC structure cracks can reduce the greater impact and streamline the cost of repairing the concrete structure. Therefore, non-destructive testing (NDT) method is needed on the RC structure, namely: visual inspection technique. The image obtained from the visual inspection is then analyzed using image processing. After that, the concrete structure with cracks is tested for quality (compressive strength) using the rebound hammer technique with a rebound index. From the image processing and rebound index results, the damage from the cracks that occurred can be concluded so that the repairs become more effective and efficient."

Hello! On first glance it seems that the sonication was slightly overzealous for your ChIP samples and the input is no Ab so you can get smaller/larger fragment sizes as the DNA is unprotected. Please have a look at the ENCODE standards for ChIP-seq, especially the antibody validation measures. Also the fancy sonicator is pretty much essential. Good luck!! https://genome.cshlp.org/content/22/9/1813.full.pdf

Add some tween 20 (0.05%) to your cell solution.

As Julia said - it would be helpful to know more about your chip design. Also your flow rate and how you are achieving said flow... (syringe pump?)

I have used 10 ul/min flow rate in a 1ul volume device and have never had cells stick to glass for both large (epithelial) and small (leukocyte) cells.

you're welcome. Wish you all the best

I'm one who does not buy into the hype that AI is something discrete and brand new. In my view, AI is just more of the same, a continuous evolution of how we use computing power. I also didn't buy the hype about "the cloud." It too was more of the same, a continuously evolving WWW. Or even from before web browsers, when we had remote computing services available over x.25 networks.

Having caveated the term, I predict that so-called AI will play a big part in medicine, for example, in surgery. Much like surgeons practice new procedures, to determine potential outcomes before working on a real patient, computer models should be able to try out way more possible tactical approaches, and a lot faster than humans can. And learn from mistakes.

Internal medicine too, I suspect. Same idea, where computer modeling can speed up the trial and error process substantially.

A similar "revolution," let's call it that, was cause when finite element analysis, or finite element method (FEM), came into widespread use, I'd say during the 1970s.

The example I think applies here would be engine design. Before widespread use of FEM, engine design was largely a work of art. Different companies built a reputation on their own particular design choices, claiming the specific advantages of their engine artistry. (Same can be said for chassis designs, of course.)

With FEM, now any company can design whatever types of engine they need. Just give FEM your requirements and constraints and it will spit out your best design options.

My bet is, so-called AI will perform that same magic in the field of medicine. And yes, I would also predict, people will be sad to see the "artistry" aspect in medicine taking a back seat. But overall, it should be a beneficial change.

Nothing fancy, it's just a sample holder with a (lasercut or milled) pit in the shape of your sample in it. That pit is called a pocket.

We didn't. We made some thin cut and ground into powder before processing with the chromatin extraction

Yüzeydeki silisyum dioksit tabakası temizleme sırasında oksitlenmiştir. Tabaka saf silisyum dioksit ile temizlenmeye çalışılmalıdır.

Try one of these Lipid film casting/Solvent evaporation/Microfluidic assemblies.

Dear Mostak,

Any supporting paper you might have found subjected to size???I was awaiting to see those papers.

Ashish

Ladders must be from the same type of chip or been run under the same conditions. It is best to consult with the Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 manual.

Sorry, i can't help you because i don't usef comsol in my work.

You have no lysines but you still have the amine from the first cysteine. How accessible it is for reaction with COOH I cannot be sure. I assume that your reaction conditions are not ideal. Indeed, acetate buffer at pH 4 is concerning, as the acetate COOH groups could react with the EDC. pH 4 is also a bit too low, try MES buffer, pH 6. If you cannot get it to work with different conditions, you could purchase a BSA-oxytocin conjugate (probably made using EDC) and conjugate through some of the free amines left on the BSA.

You can surface modification techniques or release agents.

It allowed us to pack more punch in smaller spaces, considering one video card back then had 100s of dip chips and now all of that can be packaged into one qfn packaged chip.

Nice thinking. This kind of research is already ongoing.

It gives a set of instructions for how a "dish", namely the organism, is to be prepared. More linear than a program.

Some solutions:

- incubate the chip in a chamber with high but adjusted humidity

- coat the chip e.g. with parylene to reduce evaporation (presented e.g. in https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.1640)

- increase surfactant concentration to reduce droplet merging

- if possible then incubate droplet off-chip in a tube with a layer of mineral oil on top

@Qamar Ul Islam, Hi Qamar, can you please provide links or means of access to the datasets you mentioned? Some of them can't be found by myself. Great thanks.

Dear Paulo,

can you expand a bit more on the two types of experiments which your students performed? What did they observe and what did they measure?

I usually refer to input-output when I discuss the spike rate versus injected current for a neuron, but you may mean something else here.

Dear Ponniah Vajeeston,

Thank you for your comments. Unfortunately, methods 1-3 and 5 cannot be used in my case. But I'll study about electrophoretic deposition? It looks possible.

Adding to Cornell's answer: Very large input capacitance together with resistive losses results in an input impedance with a small input resistance. The bond wires to the gates also add inductance, so input impedance ican even be purely resistive. This resistance is where the input power is absorbed, as opposed to low frequency behaviour where very little power is required to drive a field-effect transistor because the resistance is much smalle than the input series reactance.

Reza Abbasi, The inlet of my device is 30um, and my device is based on capillary flow.

Mine is animal tissue sample @Hendry Susila

Are you trying to use more than 1 flow cell and split your samples across different flow cells with different runs? You should try to avoid batching if you can do not deal with potential batch affects. You need to think about what does reads will do, are they for counting or genotyping. If you are counting, do you really need 1000 coverage per fragment, would 100x per fragment be OK for statistical purposes? Generally the more samples you multiplex the less reads/coverage per sample and vice versa. The NGS library kit should have some guidelines in the handbook for how many samples to multiplex given the size of the panel for a given panel size and coverage. Think of this, if you put 24 sample and got 30,000,000 reads per sample on average, then if you put twice as many samples it will roughly be 15 million reads per samples if you get similar cluster pass filter and total output as the run with 24 samples and 30 million reads (not everyone has the same total Gb output). I would highly recommend you contact a field application scientist or someone who has used to kit to engage you on this topic if the above mentioned guidelines aren't in the kit handbook.

ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) is a limiting factor for capacitors. A large value capacitor (tantalum, electrolytic, etc) has a high ESR. It will not filter high frequencies. A ceramic capacitor has a low ESR. It will filter high frequencies.

Simply higher is better, colonization of media in MBBR system is important to ensure process effectivity and also to prevent microbes from wash out from the reactor.

Ahmed Abrar if you can control the temperature of the microwave oven it will work better, like using PWM pulses. This may require some changes in normal household microwave oven. During my experiments with microwave oven, I noticed that if I keep heating the PDMS in the microwave oven for more than 1 mint, it was creating problem. You can test 30 secs heating, like heat and give it sometime to cool down and heat again.

For second part of your question, No I did not use any other type of oven.

Thanks

Plasma treatment power is too lower than ours, sometimes humid environments OH- group easily & fastly disappears. I suggest using 100% power to treat. For reference, we use 70W O2 20sccm 30sec condition. Abigail Dos Santos

WiFi with ESP8266 works well, and is a good start, even for microcontroller beginners. However, I am not sure if RG is the best place to ask such kind of technical questions. I would recommend to place your question on StackOverflow instead. Use the correct tag [esp8266], post your code sketch, and provide enough information about your setting.

Dear Dr Sewidan..I guess that you would like to couple from a conventional (monomode?) fiber to a dielectric ? waveguide on a chip (optical image line?)We may also discuss this via normal e-mail (Fritz Caspers@cern.ch

A. Yu. Polyakov have a look https://smart-nanotubes.com/

Hi, for anyone still looking, Wunderlichips' core business is providing PDMS devices based on researchers' designs. https://wunderlichips.ch/en/home

Hi Nelson,

I had the same problem with Anycubic Photon printer's resins. In our lab, we use Mann Ease Release 200 nonadhesive spray. After spraying (just a thin layer), place your molds on the hot plate (2 hours, 80 degrees) to create a thin and uniform covering layer.

It works fine, but still be ready, that 1 or 2 PDMS platforms will be just for the cleaning step.

The PDMS-glass, PDMS-PDMS bonding works well.

Cheers,

Michael.

Use finer mesh in contact region with element deletion criteria.

It may simply be that the component does not fully follow the standard. Often such components have a minimum value, maximum value and "typical value". The latter is often stated in the data sheet. Have you tried several components of the same type? Possibly checked if the measuring instrument is correct?

A straight away answer to that would be yes. Like Andrew and Lokapriya suggested you will pull down your Transcription Factor (TF) with the antibody of your interest in different aliquotes. Remember to quantify protein initially and pull down with the same concentration of antibodies (as they may differ in their concentrations).

Additional suggestion is to have two three different primers set from different loci of gene promoter. This may help you determine whether all the TFs bind at the same region or different region on promoter to modulate the expression.

Hi, my friend try this method before, using ~500bp biotin-labelled DNA to pulldown interacted proteins from the cell lysate. You can try to look the method here:

Hi Yasin

I think the best option is Lumerical Interconnect. In this module, you can either define your own device or just use the predefined elements like MZIs, ring resonators, modulators, and detectors to build your own optical network. It can integrate with KLayout for chip design and test, and also provides a reliable simulation results based on TMM or S-matrix method. Besides, the Lumerical "knowledge base" website is available for all users where you can either use it as a learning tool or debugging your simulation procedure and coding.

Shilpa Patil As of my experience, first-strand cDNA is more unstable than double-stranded DNA, therefore, more care is required during storage. But slightly stable.

Dear Harsha Haridas . See the following useful links: https://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/e/electrical+steel+sheets.html

Hi Lara,

I am performing CHIP on human AML cell line (MV4-11). I want to sonicate the samples for 30 sec ON and OFF. May I know how many cycles shoule be enough to fragment the chromatin ?

Perhaps there some confusion regarding the terms here. The BJTs operate in 'saturation mode' when used as switch, usual definition being forward biasing condition of base-collector junction However, the 'saturation mode' for for MOSFETs means essentially current limiting mode, in 'switch mode' MOSFET is usually ohmic = 'linear mode'. Usually, PWM is used combined with switch mode.

However, one should note that LEDs should be current not voltage controlled. The easy way to implement it is using PWM controlled switch mode MOSFET and current limiting resistor. More sophisticated schemes may use PWM smoothing by using conductors, capacitors.

PWM controlled MOSFET based current source can also be considered but usually is more complicated and less efficient.

Check the link provided below, where you can see a list of simulators for NoC.

Dear AdAd,

that's kind of an unwieldy question. A lot of it is self-explanatory.

Let me see:

Formaldehyde 37% :

best to prepare fresh from paraformaldehyde

Glycine 2M :

filter sterilize, RT

SUCROSE 2M :

autoclave, RT

Tris-Hcl pH 8 1M :

autoclave, RT

B-ME 14.3M:

as given by supplier (4C), no need to sterilize

PMSF 0.2M :

make in isoprop, store at -20C, once in use at RT, decays in aqueous solutions within minutes!

MgCl2 1M:

autoclave, RT

Triton X 20%:

no need to do anything, RT

EDTA 0.5M:

autoclave, RT

20% SDS

come on, 20% SDS???? no need to do anything, nothing will grow

NaCl 5M:

autoclave, RT (try at 4C and you will see how you get very nice crystals....)

NaHCO3 :

prepare fresh, solutions decay by exchange with atmospheric CO2

NP-40:

no need to do anything, RT

LiCl 4M: autoclave, RT

For your working solutions it is best to prepare them fresh for each experiment with your stocks. That's easy and keeps contaminations away.

Good luck with your experiments.

Dear Abdurrahman Zai̇m ,

The paper in the link contains complete FPGA design and implementation on Xilinix VIRTIX 6 development board:

This paper introduces the field programmable gate array FPGA implementation of 1000BASE-X PHY Physical Layer for gigabit Ethernet over fiber optic cable. The implementation is achieved by developing VHDL model for all its building blocks including the physical coding sub layer, PCS, and the physical medium attachment, PMA. The VHDL code is simulated using XILINX ISE14.7 and synthesized on Xilinx Virtex6 FPGA chip. Measured results show that the designed and implemented Ethernet transceiver works successfully at 1.32 Gb/s, 2.5V supply with reduced power consumption.

There is even higher performance chips than Virtex 6 such as Verix 7.

You may follow the following study to get some eflections on the uses and criticisms of Kendall's tau:

Lapata, M. (2006). Automatic evaluation of information ordering: Kendall's tau. Computational Linguistics, 32(4), 471-484.

Isabella Bagdasarian hi thanks so much for this! I tried this recently but now have a few follow-up questions. What do you dilute your APTES in? I've tried another compound, DETA (N1-(3-Trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine), and used 1% in toluene at room temperature for 2 hours. Do you heat your solution? And for how long? Is this necessary, and do you use a hot plate for heating it?

I then did a wash in toluene before curing in the oven, but there was a lot of residue on my coverslips from the treatment. Unsure if I did something wrong, I mostly followed protocols I found in papers. Don't think we can do contact angle goniometry to see if it worked so mostly looking at how the cells respond and my 12-well plate was a mixed bag of results, but none of them lasted 7 days, never mind 2 weeks! Do you have a detailed protocol written for someone who's never done this sort of treatment before? Really appreciate the help, thanks so much again!

You might find some answer about mesh size of PEGDA hydrogel (but with longer chains) in the following article:

The way that I have planned for my own work was to use a box like shoes' box by using lithography and inside box create two slites. The solid membrane would be prepared and then shift inside the site. Something like the old camera. The negative film would be replaced by the membrane. I have not tried it yet. I worry about the leakage but it seems there might be a way for it as well. I am not sure it works for soft membranes.

I agree with Vanessa Porkolab.

The plastics can increase the California Bearing ratio of the soil. You can try that.

Hi Masoud,

I'd propose you try the following two solutions:

1. Try to measure the resonance frequency of your cantilever using a laser interferometer without actuation. At 7.7 MHz, I'd expect there to be very little ambient noise and also that your cantilever has a pretty high Q-factor. This means that the cantilever will self-resonate at its resonance frequency, acting as a signal filter, which you will be able to observe.

2. As Vinod suggested, use a piezo element, firmly connected to the base of the cantilever chip. Connect the piezo element to a signal generator that will sweep the frequency in the range of interest.

Good luck with your experiment!

Hello Kristina Sharlo

You could use Trichostatin A which is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that inhibit the histone deactylase enzyme. Please refer to the articles attached for more information.

Best.

There's a PLoS One paper where ChIP was performed on RNALater-preserved tissue ( ) and since it is advertised as a preserving agent for DNA and proteins as well (https://www.researchgate.net/post/Western-blots-on-tissue-which-have-been-stored-in-RNAlater) I think it might work if your samples aren't too old

You need a matching network to match your antenna impedance to the circuit input impedance.

I agree with @Anita Tripathi

The following paper for your reference.

Dear Masoud Jedari Ghourichaei

You can you use a solution which is composed of suspended silicon dioxide particles in a flying solvent. After covering the areas that to remain free from the oxide with adhesive film you can simply dip the structure in the solution after each dipping you need to dry it. You need to repeat the process sometimes to fill the gap as you want. There is such chemical solution that is normally used to deposit silicon dioxide on the silicon wafers to getter metals from them.

best wishes