Chickpeas - Science topic

Try SNP Cutter http://bioinfo.bsd.uchicago.edu/SNP_cutter.htm

Good luck.

The following link is very useful: https://ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1541-4337.12878?af=R

If Problems coming in standing crop which are totally rainfed then? @Kouadri Mohamed EI sir

Also check https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_tillage_tillageoperationsforfieldcrops.html

The first structure (Micrograph) is Alternaria spp.

Dear @Amina Ilyas

Phytoalexins accumulate in plants or cell cultures only transiently, because they are degraded or polymerized by extracellular peroxidases. The degradation of phytoalexins may be important for the development of particular plant diseases. For example, Ascochyta rabie causes the oxidation and reduction of the phytoalexins (medicarpin and maackiain) in chickpeas. Thus a knowledge of phytoalexin catabolism will underpin the development of compounds resistant to degradation by pathogens. I have attached two pdfs. Please check whether both are useful to you.

Best wishes, AKC

Dear Satvinder Singh Research has been going on biofortification in chickpea through various approaches including conventional breeding. I have shared four links, and two pdfs; hope, these could be useful to you.

Best wishes, AKC

@GirmaHailemichael Thank you very much. It is indeed quite a helpful suggestion.

Dear Paul, I recommend you to read a very good paper on negative heritability. Despite all the resistance of the scientific community to admit it, I strongly agree with those who think that negative heritability may occur in situations were individuals grouped under similar criteria like genotype are likely to have more divergent traits. Here is the reference:

David Steinsaltz, Andy Dahl, Kenneth W. Wachter

Genetics June 2020 215: 343-357; https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303161

I fully agree with Dr. Alex Ignatov in his perspective, as even in the field of animal diseases, the incidence and severity of infection depend on this triangle (host, pathogen, and environment) and every one of these parts affects depending on the factors that pertain to it, and in general, as the doctor indicated, we rarely find two severe pathogens for the same host at the same time, in the field of our specialty, we find more than one pathogen sometimes, but one of them is a predisposing factor for the other because the former works to weaken immunity, which prepares for infection with the other. And in our field of specialization, there is the primary pathogen, which has the ability to cause disease even when the immunity is normal, and the secondary pathogen that cannot compete with the primary but is waiting for the appropriate opportunity to occur for the disease. I'm sorry because I generally answered, that this is not my exact specialty, but I tried to give my view from a general perspective on infections and how pathogens compete for disease events. My sincere gratitude Doctor.

Veja esse artigo: http://www.advancesincleanerproduction.net/sixth/files/sessoes/4B/4/soares_df_et_al_academic.pdf

I don't know what equation you are using, but it can only be 1 or < 1 if CWSI = 1 – the evapotranspiration ratio :)

I hope that this work on different levels of irrigation in chickpea cultivars will provide information on this.

Prepare a stock uric acid solution of 100 mg/L. Dilute it to give working concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/L. Weigh 100 mg uric acid, transfer to a 1 L volumetric flash, add about 900 ml distilled water, and then add about 100 µl of 0.6 N NaOH to help dissolve the uric acid.

I am curious to see the answer to this, and whether it is driven by heat, daylength, or other factors.

Este tipo de manejo seria, un control biologico.

primero hacer analisis del suelo para ver si hay inoculo de Fusarium (Cuantas u.f.c.)y que especie de Fusarium hay en el suelo.

Seria mejor aplicar en dos momentos, a la siembra y despues de 30 dias, ya que brasil llueva bastante.

Possibly yes. These two are mandated crops of ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana.

Please go through the following RG links and PDF attachment.

Please take a look at this useful RG link.

Kindly go through the following RG links and PDF attachment.

Dear Vishnutej Ellur,

to validate your primer i would propose to perform in silico analyses for theoretical bindin and hairpin formation. Moreover, to validate your primer for binding and production of the expected amplicon, you can use one (maybee pooled) cDNA sample (of a source known to express your gene of interest). Using this sample you can perform a gradient RT-(q)PCR to find an optimal annealing temperature. Melting point analyses will show you whether only one product is generated or maybe more than one (specificity of your oligos). After that you should have information on: optimal RT-(q)PCR condition and specificty of your primer pair.

Regarding reference gene expression you can use 5 or more genes of non-modified expression under our experimental conditions). However, it is also ok to use one, two or three references for expression normalization (see various publication available via NCBI Pubmed).

25°C and you can go to 30°C for a fast germination.

Dear Vishnute,

As I understand, You need to design custom primers for real time PCR. Do you consider TaqMan or only Sybr? I strongly recommend you to use TaqMan to estimate of gene expression (mRNA).

For me, first of al you should present for yourself exact structure of your gene with introns and exons. It is very comfortable for me to use VectorNTI, but if you can not an opportunity to use it, please use Your preferable soft.

If you haven't any soft - you can easily do it in powerpoint or even on the sheet of paper and intefrated functions of NCBI. But you should view the last 20 bp in each exon end and next exon start: ex1/ex2 connection with 40 bp (20 bp from the end of ex1 and 20 from the start of ex2).

Next, you have to choose your future TaqMan probe on the base of ex1/ex2 connection. If you use LNA or MGB (provided by companies that can produce your you primers after your design) you can use only 15 bp to do your probe. But if no (cheeper) you should use about 25-30 bp (depends on the sequence) to receive Tm about 65oC. To check probe Tm please use https://www.idtdna.com/pages/tools/oligoanalyzer of something by your choice.

After probe design (may be it is not a final probe because of subsequent analisys and quality estimation) you have to use primer3 like Mohammed said, and design forward and reverse primers in automatic way by soft.

Arter that your primers Tm (it is preferable) should be about 59-61oC and your probe Tm about 65-70oC.

Finally, using https://www.idtdna.com/pages/tools/oligoanalyzer you can estimate dG of your primer/primer primer/probe hetero and selfdimers. If dG<-3 it is ok, but better dG>0

To check potential reaction effectiveness your should use http://unafold.rna.albany.edu/?q=mfold/DNA-Folding-Form for your primers and probe, amplicon. It provide you information about secondary structures under experimental conditions and after that you can correct conditions of reaction to increase effectiveness.

As your understand it is only general information. The best way to design for me. But of course you can easily design your primers with commertiol soft or with a help of appropriate companies, like Primetech (they provide full volume of work from design to reaction optimization) http://buyolig.com/

I hope that it will usefull for you.

The choice of a suitable variety for you climatic conditions.

Irrigation and fertilization management is also a limiting factor

Dear Ravindra Kumar Panigrahi, This document might be of use in relation to zinc deficiency.

No Sir Ivan Andújar I just want to determine concentration of iodine uptaken after foliar application of KI.

The best temperature for growing chickpea seedlings is about 25 °C .

You could try measuring expression of aquaporins or even delve into the expression of enzymes implicated in the polyamine synthesis.

Have a look below:

Look to characterize the range of variability in the fungal pathogen use morphological and pathogenicity testing.

Develop a standardized assay for the pathogenicity and morphological differentiation.

Test a range of chickpea cultivars for their pathogenicity.

Develop a evaluation of endophytes of chickpea and test the isolates for biological control of charcoal rot.

Test out factors of systemic acquired resistance for its influence.

Test a range of mycorrhizal and rhizobia for their influence on the disease.

This would make a good thesis if these are well planned and executed.

Characters of F.oxysporum on CLA.

Macroconidia are formed in pale orange, usually abundent, sporodochia. the macroconidia are short to midium in length, falcate to almost straight, thin walled and usually 3-septate. The apical cell is short and is slightly hooked in some isolate. The basal cell is notched or foot-shaped. Macroconidia are formed from monophialides on branched conidiophore in sporodochia and to a lesser extent from monophialides on hyphae. microconidia usually are 0-septate , may be oval, elliptical or reniform (kidney-shaped), and are formed a bundantly in false heads on short monophialides .Chlamydospores are formed a bundantly in hyphae on the agar surface by most isolates .

Characters of F.solani on CLA:-

Macroconidia are relatively wide, wide straight to slightly curved, 3-7 septate with rounded ends and found abundantly in cream and less frequently in blue or green sporodochia. oval ,ellipsoidal or reniform ,0-or 1-septate microconidia are formed in round false heads on relatively long monophialides. some isolate are homothallic and my produce red or orange perithecia. Chlamydospores are produced abundantly in pairs in hyphae an in the agar.

Leslie and Summerell (2006).The Fusarium Laboratory Manual.

Best Regard

The half life of Metribuzin is about 30-120 days. So if you had high rainfall conditions, and I guess sandy soil, the Metribuzin would be reduced by half by now, in the best scenario, because it would be washed out quite a bit. There would still be too much of it for sensitive crops like pulses. You had a rather low dose, so you could be lucky, but I would not risk it.

Thank you very much Dr Silver for your precious answer. As I understand in the final step, we will mix all the extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate,methanol,50%water) and after this we will eliminate the solvents as we entend to analyse the total polyphenolic composition by GC MS using BSTFA for derivatisation.

The problem is how to be sure that our sample is cleaned from other impurities such as sugars, amino acids...

Thank you very much for your precious answer

regards

thanks a lot sir

Please have a look at these documents...

Hello

Please have a look at pdf attachments.

Good luck!

It is good.

Please have a look at enclosed PDF..

Is this paper any help to you..?? 

you could try amplifying first with the short primer that works then a reamplification with the longer primer when the increased amount of template means you can get product with a less efficient pcr. 10-15 cycles of a 1in 1000 dilution of first round pcr should be wprth a try

ICARDA scientists are working on this area.

You most welcome

Houda

for 3 days you can keep your plant samples in cold condition (4-8C) in high humidity....good luck

 Waterlogging is a stress on a chickpea crop and when combined with other stresses such as moisture stress, damaged root systems, disease, herbicide injury, or sodic and saline soils can be a disaster. Watering during flowering or podfill when the crop is more sensitive further increases the risk of yield loss. Avoid waterlogging and observe yellowing.

NO

Thank you very much Prof. Houda Kawas

From my experience in North America maize and soybean cropping the maize after maize or the soybean soybean systems do less than a cereal legume rotation. The ability of maize to be high yielding is about 18% higher in the maize after soybean compared to maize after maize. In soybean after maize the increase of soybean is about half of the 18% because unlike maize which gets a Nitrogen response the soybean response is strictly related to soilborne pathogens. One of the most effect ways of increasing wheat production is the planting of oats before the rotation to wheat. The pathogenicity of take is related to take all ability to oxidize Manganese putting the plant into a susceptible state from Manganese deficiency. Apparently oats stimulates a soil microflora which mobilizes the Manganese making the virulence of take all from its Manganese oxidizing capacity not so critical. The oat wheat forage soybean maize rotation with winter cover crops is very effective in building soils and improving plant health and yield including counteracting the greenhouse gases of input practices and improving environmental and economic results. 

Dear Pankaj Kumar Mishra

The concept of formas specialis were discussed long ago in several  Books type ( Arnoldi Senguerdii Idea metaphysicæ generalis et specialis..), as taxonomic grouping allowed by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, that is applied to a parasite (most frequently a fungus) which is adapted to a specific host (there being minimal or no morphological differences); this classification may be applied by authors who do not feel that a subspecies or variety name is appropriate. formas specialis defined by physiological characteristics, especially as they affect pathogenicity. The abbreviation is used in binomial names, between the species name and a special qualifier

Pls. find the attached files may help

McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Buck, W.R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W.F.; Smith, G.F.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. (2012). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Regnum Vegetabile 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. ISBN 978-3-87429-425-6.  Chapter I. Article 4.4. Note 4.

Regards

Prof. Houda Kawas

Thanks Prashanth for your reply. Indeed I am using the same strategy for crossing. Can you please share the working protocol for crossing if you have any?

Hallo Ms. Pareek,

I must agree with the comment made by Ms.  R. Pushpavalli . You need to decide the purpose for your treatment.

If you want to screen for high temperature tolerance plants, I would suggest to increase the temperature gradually in the Controlled  Environment Rooms. I am not familiar with chickpea. However, in Brassica, the arrangement of humidity and water maintenance are very important during heat treatment. 

There are genotypic differences in chickpea. An un-planned "evaluation" was done by rabits that invaded one of my experiments: The kabuli chickpea cultivar Gharb2 remained untouched, while cultivar Gharb3 (low axalic acid) was eaten and  almost grazed to the ground.

Dear Yousef,

As per my opinion you can go with DSSAT. 

Dithane -M-45 is good fungicide to control Ascochyta blight. Alternatively, 'Tilt' can also be used for this purpose.

I couldn't trace anything in literature, IIPR website, mini-core collection of chickpea for resistance against Wet root rot although information is there for Dry root rot.

Dear Semir Bechir Suheil Gaoua

I am interested in your project because

 

Thank you for your interest.  

I guess you are working on with chickpeas . maybe we can carry out joint activities in the future . Thanks again

Research report showed that it due to poorly formed Chloroplasts during inter-specific crosses. See attached paper (2011).

thanks, i am looking for positive things

This "browning" or "blackening" as usually referred is due to the accumulation of phenolic compounds, principally because of the activation of the secondary metabolism due to the stress that in-vitro culture is causing to the explants.

For solving this problem there are many things you can try... I leave a link that may help

Dear Batool,

You haven't mentioned the amount of BAP you use. If lower rate still doesn't help, why not remove BAP altogether and have IBA in half MS with 2% sucrose. If it still doesn't help, dip the shoot in 5 mM IBA and grow in half MS with no PGR.

Hi, check in some publications.

Studies on the effect of chickpea are available in plenty in the experiments of Agronomy in India and abroad.You can browse the internet and get some studies of your interest.