Chemistry, Physical - Science topic

Dear Colleagues, Symmetry and its breaking are important components in the scientific knowledge of nature. Their identification and classification and the description of their manifestation are some of the paths of knowledge in any scientific discipline, from physics, chemistry, and biology up to physiology. The first to try and apply the laws of...

Théophile De Donder, a Belgian mathematician born in Brussels, elaborated two important ideas that created a bridge between thermodynamics and chemical kinetics. He invented the concept of the degree of advancement of a reaction, and, in 1922, he provided a precise mathematical form to the already known chemical affinity by translating Clausius’s u...

A test book of Physical chemistry for B.Sc. 2 year sem IV students

Purpose: This research aimed to evaluate the physical-chemical and microbiological quality of water in a certain region of the Meia Ponte river basin, through monitoring water quality parameters, and also to verify the interference of the rainy season in water treatment. Methods: Physicochemical and microbiological analyzes were carried out, evalua...

A text book of Physical chemistry for B.Sc. 2 tear students of Sem III

Non-linear least-square regression is a common fitting method for data analysis in chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering. It is sometimes challenging to set up the problem in existing software packages. In this report, I introduce a naïve dynamic grid searching algorithm named Python jump-chain fitting (PyJCFit) that makes it easy to set up...

Recent experimental synthesis of ambient-stable MoSi2N4 monolayer has garnered enormous research interest. The intercalation morphology of MoSi2N4—composed of a transition metal nitride (Mo-N) inner sub-monolayer sandwiched by two silicon nitride (Si-N) outer sub-monolayers—has motivated the computational discovery of an expansive family of synthet...

Discount Dear Dr. /Prof. Researcher, We are pleased to announce that the Editorial Office of the University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science (UTJsci) is collecting articles for their upcoming issues. We would like to invite you to publish your valuable manuscripts. About UTJsci: University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science, the official journal of the C...

Mathematical models are used in many fields of science and technology, such as physics, chemistry, biology, economics, sociology, etc. In geoecology, they are used to analyze and predict changes in the environment caused by various anthropogenic and natural factors. One of the main tasks of mathematical modeling is the construction of models that m...

Dear Dr. /Prof. Researcher, We are happy to announce that the Editorial Office of the University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science (UTJsci) is collecting articles for their upcoming issues. We would like to invite you to publish your valuable manuscripts. About UTJsci: University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science, the official journal of the College of...

The modern innovative economy is characterized by global transformation processes caused by revolutionary changes in the natural sciences, and, above all, in biological science. This is explained by the fact that biology has reached the molecular and subcellular level due to inter- and transdisciplinary approaches to its development, where a synerg...

This manuscript introduces a novel General Chemistry experiment designed to incorporate modern instrumental methods and bioinspired materials in the context of marine environments and sustainability. The experiment explores the influence of collagen on the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) polymorphs over two 2 h lab sessions, focusing on vate...

This groundbreaking study addresses the complex phenomenon of quantum entanglement in biological systems, an area of research that remains at the forefront of modern science. With the aim of unraveling quantum interactions in fundamental biological processes, such as photosynthesis, we employ a set of cutting-edge theoretical and computational mode...

The oxidation of carbon monoxide over platinum is a relevant industrial reaction found in almost every automobile. This chemical process is essential to reduce the amount of carbon monoxide in our atmosphere. This oxidation chemical reaction has been studied since the early 70s under different conditions, and one of the interesting dynamic properti...

These are my thoughts on the brief and simple exploration the concept of alternative universes and their implications on macroeconomics. The concept of alternate universes has captivated the human imagination for centuries. From science fiction novels to blockbuster movies, the idea of parallel dimensions where different versions of ourselves exist...

Shannon entropy plays an important role in the field of information theory, and various graph entropies, including the chromatic entropy, have been proposed by researchers based on Shannon entropy with different graph variables. The applications of the graph entropies are found in numerous areas such as physical chemistry, medicine, and biology. Th...

While instructing an undergraduate physical chemistry course on quantum mechanics, I encountered difficulties in explaining the concept of the particle-in-a-box thought experiment, initially formulated by Erwin Schrödinger. In particular, the node distribution of the wavefunction. Born's Copenhagen interpretation assigns the modulus of the wavefunc...

Herbicides play a crucial role in weed control in various agricultural and non-agricultural settings. However, their behavior in the environment is complex and influenced by multiple factors. Understanding their fate and retention, transport, and transformation is essential for effective herbicide management and minimizing their impact on ecosystem...

Directional transport-dominated particle separation presents major challenges in many technological applications. The Feynman ratchet can convert the random perturbation into directional transport of particles, offering innovative separation schemes. Here, we propose the design of a dusty plasma ratchet system to accomplish the separation of micron...

It is well known that metal corrosion causes serious economy losses worldwide. One of the most effective ways to prevent corrosion is the continuous development of high-efficient and environment-friendly corrosion inhibitors. Among the widely used organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors, plant extracts are top candidates due to their nontoxic na...

Elucidating the responses of aquatic communities to environmental (e.g., chemical, habitat, and flow regime) and biological disturbances is essential to the maintenance and restoration of healthy ecosystems. This study investigated the interactions between environmental and biological disturbance factors and functional indicators of ecological heal...

Recent developments in nanoscience and technology have increased the importance of electron microscopes, specifically the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), in almost all fields of science and technology. Electron microscopes provide information such as morphology, composition, crystal structure , and cry...

The ongoing global research and development efforts on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have led the power conversion efficiency to a high record of 26.1%. The optimization of PSC processing methods, the development of new compositions, and the introduction of passivation strategies are key factors behind the meteoric rise in performance. In particula...

This book introduces the subject of impedance spectroscopy starting from fundamentals through to latest applications in areas such as ceramics, piezoelectric, sensors, agriculture, food quality control, medical diagnostics, cancer research and so forth. Within the ambit of impedance spectroscopy, plots simulated for useful equivalent circuit model...

Plastic phases are constituted by molecules whose centers of mass form a long range ordered crystalline lattice, but rotate in a more or less constrained way. Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) is a quasi-planar hexa-substituted benzene formed by a benzene ring decorated with a -NO2 group and five chlorine atoms that displays below the melting point a...

At a time of climate change (or disruption for some), it's high time to read Olivier Postel-Vinay's excellent French book, ‘Sapiens and the climate, a turbulent history’ (original inFrench: ‘Sapiens et le climat, une histoire bien chahutée (2022)’, which looks at the climate changes our species has undergone since Homo became sapiens, i.e. over the...

The adequated wood utilization depends on chemistry, physical and anatomical properties. Several biotic and abiotic factors can interfere, in higher or lower degree, in its properties and in its quality. This research had the objective to study the density variation, aiming to obtain knowledge towards its better application. The used wood samples w...

The past decade has witnessed rapid progress in deep learning for molecular design, owing to the availability of invertible and invariant representations for molecules such as simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES), which has powered cheminformatics since the late 1980s. However, the design of elemental components and their structura...

A standing puzzle in electrochemistry is that why the metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts generally exhibit dramatic activity drop for oxygen reduction when traversing from alkaline to acid. Here, taking FeCo-N6-C double-atom catalyst as a model system and combining the ab initio molecular dynamics simulation and in situ surface-enhanced infrared absor...

Cosmic large-scale structures, animal flocks and living tissues can be considered non-equilibrium organized systems created by dissipative processes. Replicating such properties in artificial systems is still difficult. Herein we report a dissipative network formation process in a dilute polymer–water mixture that leads to percolation-induced gel–g...

Currently, STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) teaching that applies scientific and technical processes is an approach to effectively implementing education in Vietnam. This paper describes the application of scientific and technical processes in teaching STEM topics in a school model associated with production, business, and s...

Pressure, as one of the fundamental thermodynamic parameters, can profoundly change the interatomic distances, electronic interactions, chemical bonding and crystal structures, leading to exotic structures and properties of materials. High-pressure techniques have significantly impacted disciplines like physics, chemistry, geology, and life science...

With the rapid development of industry, heavy metal pollution has seriously damaged the health of soil, and heavy metals spread through the food chain, posing a threat to human health. The firm existence of heavy metals in soil under earthy conditions is a center trouble faced by soil dense metal pollution solidification and correction technology....

The field of drug discovery has seen the emergence of several pre-trained models that exhibit exceptional performance across a range of downstream tasks. However, these pre-trained models resulting with large models and black-box models, which often break down when predicting data for which limited supervised information is available and lack inter...

Chemo-photothermal therapy has attracted extensive research attention because of its synergistic effect in destroying cancer cells, which makes it one of the most effective treatments. Gold nanorods conjugated with thiolated beta-cyclodextrin loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), AuNRs@S-β-CD-DOX nanocomposite, for intracellular delivery were designed to...

This research is a meta analysis. This study aim to analyze the effect of STEM integrated science innovative learning model on students' critical thinking skills. The data collection technique used is the literature review technique, namely by searching and collecting journal articles taken from Google Scholar. Data analysis used quantitative descr...

Tissue Forge is an open-source interactive environment for particle-based physics, chemistry and biology modeling and simulation. Tissue Forge allows users to create, simulate and explore models and virtual experiments based on soft condensed matter physics at multiple scales, from the molecular to the multicellular, using a simple, consistent inte...

The shortage of freshwater is critical concerns for contemporary society, and reverse osmosis desalination technology has gathered considerable awareness. It has been recognized that the desalination properties of water flow through the angstrom-sized pores exhibit tremendous reinforcement. However, it is challenging to obtain the angstrom-sized po...

Almost every model of muscle contraction in the literature to date is a molecular power stroke model, even though this corpuscular mechanism is opposed by centuries of science, by 85 years of unrefuted evidence that muscle is a thermodynamic system, and by a quarter century of direct observations that the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction i...

The thermal activation process by which a system passes from one local energy minimum to another is a recurring motif in physics, chemistry, and biology. For instance, biopolymer chains are typically modeled in terms of energy landscapes, with folded and unfolded conformations represented by two distinct wells separated by a barrier. The rate of tr...

A theoretical study of urethane formation through the reaction of phenyl isocyanate and butan-1-ol was carried out, without and in the presence of morpholine, and 4-methylmorpholine catalysts. The reaction with and without catalysts was studied at BHandHLYP/6-31G(d) and G3MP2BHandHLYP levels of theories. The reaction mechanism in the presence of ca...

In this work, to evaluate solute–solute, solute–solvent and phase separation in aqueous systems containing {betaine + poly ethylene glycol dimethyl ether with molar mass 250 g mol⁻¹ (PEGDME250)}, {betaine + K3PO4} and {betaine + K2HPO4}, first water activity measurements were made at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure using the isopiestic technique....

We have an opening for a Ph.D. candidate in a highly interdisciplinary project connecting soft matter physics & chemistry to robotics and computer science: http://emea3.mrted.ly/3j9kd . It is a collaboration with Prof. Holger Voos and Prof. Gabriele Lenzini at SnT, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust of the University of Lu...

Thermodynamics is one of the most fascinating parts of physical chemistry, involved in different natural phenomena. In particular, the spontaneity or non-spontaneity of a chemical reaction is directly linked to fundamental thermodynamic parameters such as the Gibbs free energy change. Commonly this can be easily correlated with the electric work pr...

Liquid-liquid phase separation yields spherical droplets that eventually coarsen to one large, stable droplet governed by the principle of minimal free energy. In chemically fueled phase separation, the formation of phase-separating molecules is coupled to a fuel-driven, non-equilibrium reaction cycle. It thus yields dissipative structures sustaine...

In the natural sciences, MATLAB is a versatile and essential tool that has revolutionized research across various disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and environmental sciences. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of MATLAB's applications in data analysis, modeling, simulation, image processing, computationa...

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are promising porous materials for adsorption and storage of greenhouse gases, especially CO 2 . In this study, guided by the CO 2 phase diagram, we explore the adsorption behavior of solid CO 2 loaded with ZIF-8 framework by heating the sample under high pressures, resultin...

Nanoscience is one of the most important research and development areas in modern science. In recent years, nanotechnology research has emerged as an interdisciplinary technology related to physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, pharmacy and medicine. The Green.Synthesis method, which emerged as an alternative to traditional methods, is an...

Formation of bis-azomethines from hydrazine and heterocyclic aromatic carbaldehydes, namely pyridine-2-carbaldehyde and pyrazine-2-carbaldehyde, is studied using density functional theory. The theoretical investigation is correlated with experimental results obtained by means of NMR spectroscopy. The presence of bis-hemiaminal intermediates is evid...

B.E.T.A.=Bureau of Extra-Terrestrial Affairs Constants of Physmatics and Nature X J FGH 2023 1. Constants of universal Physics, Chemistry and Nature 1.1. General universal constants Vacuum characteristic impedance: Z 0 =µ 0 c=376,730 313 668(57) Ω. Base units: kg · m 2 · s −3 · A −2. It is a magnitude that relates the electric field and magnetic fi...

Droplet encapsulations using liquid or solid shells are of significant interest in microreactors, drug delivery, crystallization, and cell growth applications. Despite progress in droplet-related technologies, tuning micron-scale shell thickness over a large range of droplet sizes is still a major challenge. In this work, we report capillary force...

In recent years, the design and fabrication of nanomachines have obtained many significant achievements due to the development of chemical synthesis and bottom-up self-assembly. The rise of DNA nanomachines is one of the essential proceedings that not only broadened the research domain of mechanical science but also opened new doors for developing...

Nickel(II) porphyrins typically adopt a square planar coordination geometry, with the nickel atom located at the center of the porphyrin ring and the coordinating atoms arranged in a square plane. The additional atoms or groups coordinated to the nickel atom in nickel(II) porphyrins are called ligands. Porphyrins have been investigated as potential...

This work is the first part of a series of papers on a comprehensive analysis of the processes of prebiotic self-organization and protophotosynthesis on the surface of semiconductor minerals and in systems of natural dispersed semiconductors. Comprehensive analysis within the framework of the "semiconductor world" concept allows integrating a varie...

Fabric softeners are formulated to enhance textile softness and impart a pleasant scent. One of the most efficient technologies for controlled fragrance delivery onto fabrics involves encapsulating scent molecules in polymer capsules. Here, we investigate the adsorption of anionic fragrance capsules on cotton fabrics with the goal of reducing the r...

Spatiotemporal control over crystal nucleation and growth is of fundamental interest for understanding how organisms assemble high-performance biominerals, and holds relevance for manufacturing of functional materials. Many methods have been developed towards static or global control, however gaining simultaneously dynamic and local control over cr...

Nanotechnology is a promising science based on length scales (between 1-100 nanometers). It is not a single entity but an interdisciplinary domain which incorporates physics, chemistry, material science, electronics, and biotechnology. Nanoscale particles, materials and devices can be fabricated using either "bottom-up" or "top-down" fabrication ap...

Dear Colleagues, Piezoelectric materials have been widely used in a variety of applications, for example, as actuators, pressure sensors, and ultrasonic transducers. They are one of the key energy materials which can be used to carry out the conversion of mechanical energy to electric energy. Within this research field, the performance of lead-fr...

Cross-sensitivity limits accurate quantitative detection of species concentrations in all sensor technologies, including laser-based absorption techniques. Absorption sensors capture a signal that combines contributions from all interfering species at a given detection wavelength. Careful selection of the probed spectral line, broadband detection,...

Phase transitions of water and its mixtures are of fundamental importance in physical chemistry, the pharmaceutical industry, materials sciences, and atmospheric sciences. However, current understanding remains elusive to explain relevant observations, especially at the nanoscale. Here, by using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the di...

Designing efficient plasma processes requires a fundamental understanding of the plasma properties and the underlying physical chemistry . Reaction kinetic (global) plasma modeling is capable of simulating complex plasma systems, without being overly computationally intensive. In this work, we focus on the excitation of electronic states in a high...

The most stylish beard in human beings for well pattern one by usually a carbon content of earth element major proportion. The rule of proportion with proper contents yield thick and thin beard. It may be any shape size dense one. The long hair in head and short hair dense thick also by planetic energy from Rahu. The Prithvi as earth one from origi...

Objectives. The paper analyzes the results of research into the formation of photonic crystal structures from polymer microspheres and the mechanisms of spectral shifts during selective reflection of non-monochromatic incident radiation from them in the visible and infrared light, as well as the use of polymer microspheres as sensors for detecting...

In material physics, characterization techniques are foremost crucial for obtaining the materials data regarding the physical properties as well as structural, electronics, magnetic, optic, dielectric, and spectroscopic characteristics [1]. However, for many materials, ensuring availability and safe accessibility is not always easy and fully warran...

Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) has been intensively examined since the 1970s, with researchers looking at their electrochemical time varying electrolyte concentration time variation equations for negative and positive half cells, its thermal time variation equations, and fluid flow equations. The chemistry behavior of the electrolyte ions hav...

Trophic state (TS) characterizes a waterbody’s biological productivity and depends on its morphometry, physics, chemistry, biology, climate, and history. However, multiple TS operational definitions have emerged to meet use-specific classification needs. These differing operational definitions can create inconsistent understanding, can lead to misc...

As Nature’s version of machine learning, evolution has solved many extraordinarily complex problems, none perhaps more remarkable than learning to harness an increase in chemical entropy (disorder) to generate directed chemical forces (order). Using muscle as a model system, here I describe the basic mechanism by which life creates order from disor...

This book is based on a multimedia course for biological and chemical engineers, which is designed to trigger students' curiosity and initiative. A solid basic knowledge of thermodynamics and kinetics is necessary for understanding many technical, chemical, and biological processes. The one-semester basic lecture course was divided into 12 workshop...

Environmental education (EE) in elementary schools (6 − 15 years old) in Slovakia is not systematically defined, it is often dependent on the voluntary efforts and enthusiasm of teachers. Schoolchildren acquire environmental knowledge in a limited form during the teaching of individual subjects, especially Biology, Geography and to some extent, als...

Corrosion is of importance to multidisciplinary study groups as it includes materials science, chemistry, physics, metallurgy, and chemical engineering. Corrosion is induced by an environment's chemical and electrochemical impact on metals and alloys. The objective of this work is to investigate the corrosion inhibition behavior of triglycidyl ethe...

Dependency distance has increasingly become a key measure of interest in cross-linguistic corpus studies from multiple perspectives. Based on a syntactically annotated corpus of 400 PhD dissertation abstracts written by native English (L1) and English as a foreign language (L2) academic writers, the current study investigated the mean dependency di...

Investigations of the electrical conductivity as well as the charge transportation properties of various types of metal complexes are observed to be an emerging trend in contemporary research. Scientific analyses on the implementation of metal complexes in the fabrication of electrical conductivity based photosensitive switching devices are being c...

Water level drawdowns are increasingly common in lakes and reservoirs worldwide as a result of both climate change and water management. Drawdowns can have direct effects on physical properties of a waterbody (e.g., by altering stratification and light dynamics), and can also have emergent effects on the waterbody’s biology and chemistry. However,...

China’s Loess Plateau is both the largest and deepest loess deposit in the world, and it has long been one of the most severely eroded areas on Earth. With the implementation of the Grain-for-Green Project in 1999, the Loess Plateau has become the most successful ecological restoration zone, and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration has greatly i...

Nowadays, organometallic complexes receive particular attention because of their use in the design of pure nanoscale metal structures. In the present work, we present results obtained from a series of studies on the degradation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate)s induced by low-energy electrons. These slow particles induce the formation of the acety...