Chemistry, Physical - Science topic

This is the Q&A forum, not the RG service helpdesk.

However, if a wrong publication is appearing on your profile, you can open the "Research" tab there, search for the incorrect publication, click the small blue arrow and choose "Remove".

Dear Alexander M Bittner

I agree the APC info is well hidden but according to the following link https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/nanores and I quote "Nano Research is now adopting an Open Access publishing mode for all articles submitted after 3 September 2024. No Article Processing Charge (APC) is required currently"

When it comes to your remark about the qualifications of the editorial team I see qualified members

Best regards.

If you just need "stable dispersion of SiO2 in H2O", just buy Ludox (R). Otherwise, more details are needed (see Alans answer)

Dear Fatemeh Razavi As indicated by Madelaine Lawrence the references are incorrect. Even stronger: I think the references are fake and non-existing. I suspect that they are AI generated. See for example https://teche.mq.edu.au/2023/02/why-does-chatgpt-generate-fake-references/

Best regards.

These are suggested references, hope they will be helpful:

- Principles of Physical Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Hans Kuhn, David H. Waldeck, Horst-Dieter Försterling

- Principles of Physical Chemistry

Book by B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma, and M.S. Pathania

Normally we do not comment on the answers of our fellow contributors but when the answer ("nature can only be described in a unitary four-dimensional x-t space"

There is no basis for this claim.)

comes from our friend Professor John Francis Miller, this should be different.

You can't ask Mother Nature if she lives and performs her functions in 3D+t space or in 4D unitary space?

But when you model nature in a 4D unit space and the numerical results in solving problems in all areas of mathematics and physics are precise and breathtaking, we consider that a respectable baseline.

We remind you that the real proof of the Schrödinger equation only comes from its exact and diverse applications.

In the United States many schools have a course called General Science, which discusses the development of our understanding of the natural world through experiments and attempting to explain the results through hypotheses of cause and effect that can be applied to predict the results of future experiments. Issues such as as the effect of experimental error on the results, precision versus accuracy, and bias are discussed. The development of a few concepts, such as the shape of the earth, gravity, and the inheritance of some physical characteristics in plants and humans may be included. While there is not time to include the details of specific subjects such a biology, chemistry, and physics in such a course, these foundations of experimental science are important for all the sciences.

Well, thanks for sharing a Wonderful Research Question for Future Research about School Education, which deals with questions about curriculum to integrate physics, chemistry, biology, and geology (PCBG integration) as well.

While, it seems that all of it also refers to the Proposed Education of Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Math with Cymatics in High Schools with Hypothesis and Research of Philselfology as discussed in the following Research Proposal:

[1]

Now, it simply seems to raise a question of "Is it possible to have a Single or Common Subject of Education with Research for Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Math with Cymatics in High Schools?", and thus it is requested here as a question, where Name of Philselfology is also proposed for all of it as a Single, Common and Unified Subject as well.

It is also discussed more here as well:

ResearchGate Question and Discussion Reference: [1] Is it possible to have a Single or Common Subject of Education with Research for Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Math with Cymatics in High Schools? (https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_it_possible_to_have_a_Single_or_Common_Subject_of_Education_with_Research_for_Physics_Chemistry_Biology_and_Math_with_Cymatics_in_High_Schools)

Thanks for your precious time!

For a high level discussion see Dr. Werner Gitt, In the Beginning Was Information: A Scientist Explains the Incredible Design in Nature

He details 5 levels of information including the atomic scale.

MASTER BOOKS 2006 ISBN 9780890514610 https://www.christianbook.com/beginning-information-scientist-explains-incredible-nature/werner-gitt/9780890514610/pd/514615?event=ESRCG

Here are a few books on physical chemistry that cover the topic of extraction and include problems and solutions:

1. "Physical Chemistry: Principles and Applications in Biological Sciences" by Ignacio Tinoco Jr., Kenneth Sauer, James C. Wang, and Joseph D. Puglisi

2. "Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach" by Donald A. McQuarrie and John D. Simon

3. "Experiments in Physical Chemistry" by Carl W. Garland, Joseph W. Nibler, and David P. Shoemaker

4. "Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics, Statistical Mechanics, and Kinetics" by Andrew Cooksy

Good luck

Ajit, there is no shortage of "unsolved" problems or quandaries in sciences, especially in Physics (my background), however finding open data sets that will help students of science and technology address these problems is as well an "unsolved" problem. During the last decade of my career (2006-2017), I had the opportunity to visit with leading global research universities and labs (US and Europe); many held on to datasets developed (or acquired) that could help researchers address such problems but I am not sure now if any made it to the public domain.

With theoretical physics, mathematicians might have some judging skills, but when it comes to judging experimental work, I don't see where they should be getting an advantage from. They wouldn't be able to make a judgement of their own and would have to rely on other experimental scientists to tell them what is actually a breakthrough and what's just overhyped publicly.

This would get worse in chemistry and even more so in biology because the fraction of experimentalists getting Mr. Nobel on a medal is rightfully higher than in physics.

You know, RG is interesting and fun, but it is certainly not a replacement for actual databases and libraries. Therefore RG metrics like its score and also other common social media denominators like the number of comments are definitely no meaningful indices of actual relevance. For that reason, a historic paper missing in RG is not a measure of lack of quality.

Having said that, for being a good physicochemist you should know what the Gibbs Free Energy is and how to use it which you can both learn from modern day textbook which is probably more accessible to most people. What part of the whole thing was derived by Gibbs and how he formulated it may be interesting [and helpful for the next science pub quiz], but not having read the original does not reduce your general qualification as a scientist.

Carnot efficiency=1-T1/T2<==>dE/dV=(dP/dT) * T-P. The accuracy of the second law of thermodynamics requires accurate E=E (V, T), P=P (V, T). Now, as long as you know that E is a function of volume, you can verify the correctness of the second law of thermodynamics.

In 2004 Novoselov, Geim, and colleagues succeeded in isolating graphene, awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize for Physics. Novoselov was 36 years old.

Hartmut Michel, The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988, “for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre” In 1982 Michel succeeded in crystallizing these types of proteins. The follow year he, along with Johann Deisenhofer and Robert Huber, determined the structure for the photosynthetic reaction center.

Saratu Abdullahi

Use the formulas provided in our Student Dictionary

After Optimization of certain conditions involved, stochiometric approach application.

Kalle Lintinen

Why don't you admit your mistakes? You didn't write my name and that's why I always looked for you for a long time. Now they wrote and the robot informed me about it. I can't send my article. She is preparing for publication. Read the modern review I sent and comment on it. I am participating in the discussion because I want to help you. I expressed my opinion about your theory. It does not correspond to the modern achievement of science. Write review errors about the Nuclear quantum effect. This is roughly what you are asking me to do after reading your theory.

The Seebeck coefficient depends on an imbalance between the density of electrons above the Fermi level and electrons below it. If the Density of States is rather flat (slope is small) the imbalance is small and the Seebeck is small. If the Density of States changes sharply near the Fermi level (large slope), the imbalance is large and so is the Seebeck. Note that the sign of the slope (positive or negative) near the Fermi level also determines if the Seebeck is "n-type or p-type". That is why some metals have a "p-type" Seebeck coefficient.

Look for the Boltzmann formulation of the Seebeck coefficient and the interpretation of the Fermi window (df/dE). I have attached my dissertation, read section 2.1.4.2, hopefully that will clear it up a little.

In principle the structure given by Ali A. Al-Allaq is correct. About the degree of detail you should discuss with your referee because that's a question of the standards within your department/faculty:

Some want a "closed" document in which you find everything so that the thesis is self-explanatory and does not require actually checking out the references while others have the attitude that they don't want to read too much so they want you to just briefly summarize your method and then reference more detailed introductions.

If you don't want to make it open access, are there any indicators why that shouldn't be possible?

The Abel prize is a new mathematics prize of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, dedicated to the memory of Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829) on the occasion of the bicentenary of his birth. It is modeled after the Nobel Prize, and developed from a proposal by the mathematics department at the University of Oslo in fulfillment of a request formulated by the Norwegian mathematician Sophus Lie towards the end of the 19th century.

From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/AbelPrize.html

I used 1 material in biology lab and recycle it that's used it in Field work

Dear all, Ostwald ripening may be behind such aggregation, this mostly happen when surface free energy in too high, i.e. fine nanoparticles with high specific surface area, so coarsening of nanoparticles is the mean by which size is increased and specific surface area is reduced. Small nanoparticles are more prone to aggregation because of their high surface free energy which for stability reason should be reduced, and for this purpose protective colloids techniques have been developped to prolonge stability time. My Regards

Kindly see also the following RG link:

All branches of Science overlaps, all branches of chemistry overlaps. There is no borderlines between them. The breakthroughs are commonly happened in the areas, where several branches of science/chemistry overlap. The classification of different branches of science is very important for librarians, who have to assign codes to books, journals, etc. I don't think that this question deserves any discussion.

Thank you all for your answers.

I have been working as a researcher in academy world since 2008 and becoming a Dr. in this academic term. Even though I'm a teacher in Physical/Nuclear Chemistry and very experienced, we all know even the most experienced may forget the fundamental terms because of hard working conditions.

Good luck with your scientific studies and sincere regards.

Hilmi Arkut Akalın

Ph.D. Scholar in Physical/Nuclear Chemistry

Généralement les réactions d'oxydation sont lente

Recently, single photon emitter (or Quantum emitter) is actively researching in many labs, which means intensity of quantum emitter is very weak. That could be why the quantum emitter is not commercially available.

The circular polarized light can be easily formed with a linear-polarizer and a quarter-wave plate.

Dear Quan-Doan Mai ,

I could suggest you to have a look on these two publications:

This book could also be of great help:

Hello,

First of all, the bound charges are inherently generated by the ferroelectrics, by its definition, so I guess what you ask is the origin of screening charges. Screening charges comes from band bending, surface reconstruction, and absorption, etc, their characteristic dynamics are diverse.

If the bound charges are not fully screened, then comes the depolarisation field. Usually this leads to domain reconfiguration. The ferroelectrics will reduce its depolarisation field to reach minimum energy. So it should be not large if the system is stable, but it is not a criteria of whether it is good or bad.

Screening process do exist in all the preparation techniques.

Please refer this review for details.

Kalinin, Sergei V, Yunseok Kim, Dillon D Fong, and Anna N Morozovska. “Surface-Screening Mechanisms in Ferroelectric Thin Films and Their Effect on Polarization Dynamics and Domain Structures.” Reports on Progress in Physics 81, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 036502. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa915a.

Nanoprocedes+nanomateriaux+technique de caractérisation

I would choose materials with unique properties.

maybe this could work?

Susanna Monti, Vincenzo Carravetta, and Hans Ågren Simulation of Gold Functionalization with Cysteine by Reactive Molecular Dynamics J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2016, 7 (2), pp 272-276

Hi Ashfaque Alam

Yes and no! There's a number of fields which welcome researchers into projects from what might be a non-linear point of view, and there are even some programmes to encourage cross-pollination. However, it doesn't sound like you want to do an anthology of physics project or similar (science and technology studies etc).

Activism studies is also an underfunded but tightknit area, which means you will be competing with people who have developed strong connections and a network through their masters and PhD. It is also now increasingly common to have published during your PhD.

However, there are quite a few opportunities to volunteer on research projects, esp with monitoring and evaluation with charities/third sector organisations. This would help you build up your connects in relation to the area you want to work in, and learn from experts.

It also depends on your long term goals -if you want to work in a uni long term, you are better getting a PhD in the subject you want to work within. If you want to go into international or charity work, then I don't think there would be a value in that. Instead, it is more important to build up a coherent narrative of your background and showing that you have connects.

Good luck!

Dear Jan Gries, you have to search for the answers by yourself by reading documents such as the attached one, no one can do your 'homework' at your place. My Regards

Hi,

Computational chemistry about graphene, fullerene, puyuelènes is a good research subject.

It seems to me that the priority, in order not to waste time, is to obtain new carbon macromolecules for new treatments for COVID-19, bipolar disorder and special alloys to reduce gravity useful in the automotive and aerospace industry.

In short: little time in R&D and more responsiveness in B2B and industrialization of new solutions.

In addition to the good points made above, any journal that charges a "substantial fee for publishing" is a predatory journal. Nice trick, " We'll put your name on the editorial board and take your money for each article you publish."

For Gas:

The pressure and volume change in temperature and the amount of heat required to raise the temperature for 1(gmol) of gas through 1°C depends on the way gas is heated.

Specific heat possesses infinite values. The specific heat of the gas is not constant. If you supply heat at constant pressure, you must have Cp. If you supply heat at constant volume, you must have Cv. For an ideal gas:

Cp – Cv = nR, where n is amount of substance, R:8.314 J /(mol K ).

Therefore, Cp is greater than Cv for gases.

For Solids and liquids:

The volume and the pressure of solid remains constant when heated through a small range of temperature. So, Cp=Cv.

As part of my PhD project, which is developing a platform for teaching and practical works in robotics, I've conducted a study on how remote and virtual laboratories can be effective in a pedagogical activity. A questionnaire was given to a number of our teachers (who were 10 teachers) and the results showed that simulation and even practical activities on remote laboratories can be as effective as usual activities IF we can provide a platform in which interactions between students and teachers are possible. Student must have the possibility of asking their teachers any question at any time, they should work together and do their practical activity with their classmate even if they are apart. Teachers have to follow their students progress during the activity and ask questions, conduct tests and rectify their mistake. The list is long, but the main idea is that if we want to develop a full practical activity using simulated or remote labs their are pedagogical aspects and criteria we have to take into consideration. My results are sill primary, to validate those results I need more time to test the platform I put together on real pedagogical activities, in teaching a robotic course and to check the effectiveness of the platform on students. I hope I'll find support from my department!

Agree with Frank T. Edelmann this article may help you

The development of OLabs includes the study and use of mathematical techniques to demonstrate the various complex functions in diverse areas of science The OLabs are hosted at www.olabs.edu.in. Access to OLabs is free for Schools upon registration.

One thing that comes to mind in regards to your primary question is hydrodynamic quantum analogs. These experiments were done at MIT in July of 2013 published in Physical Review Letters E. Dr. Daniel M. Harris displayed that "a coherent wavelike statistical behavior emerges from the complex underlying dynamics and that the probability distribution is prescribed by the Faraday wave mode of the corral." I hope this helps!

More informative and interesting responses are welcome

If the paper doesn't justify their reasoning, you may contact the authors.

Thank you for your help!

It would take a LOT of work to answer that question, but there is some useful information pertaining to recent rates of change of STEM graduates across the globe:

Do not mistake every blue- or red-shift as being due to changes in the bonding strength / energy. An absorbance spectrum is prone to many optical influences based on orientation, interference, particle shape and matrix effects etc. See e.g.

Furthermore, the peak maximum of absorbance usually blue-shifts the stronger the oscillator is (peak maximum and oscillator frequency do generally not coincide!).

let's express our thanks for your answers.

Stokes law.

By definition of nanoparticles as smaller or equal to 100 nm in at least one dimension most nanoparticles will not or only slowly settle at gravity.

Well, "the" classical cheap silver complex is Diammine silver [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺. Just add ammonia to water-dispersed AgCl and you've got a solution. If you want your complex to be soluble in different solvent, check out the catalogue of special chemical providers. Aldrich actually has a "Silver Complexes" segment.

Comparison of New and Old Thermodynamics

1. Logic of the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Subjectivism, Logical Jump, Interdisciplinary Argumentation.

2. New thermodynamics pursues universality, two theoretical cornerstones:

2.1 Boltzmann formula: ro=A*exp(-Mgh/RT) - Isotope centrifugal separation experiments show that it is suitable for gases and liquids.

2.2. Hydrostatic equilibrium: applicable to gases and liquids.

3. The second and third sonic virial coefficients of R143a derived from the new thermodynamics are in agreement with the experimental results.

3.1. The third velocity Virial coefficient derived is in agreement with the experimental data, which shows that the theory is still correct when the critical density is reached.

4. See Appendix Pictures and Documents for details.

hello,

you can separate the mixture to enhance the phase rule is F= C-P+2 or F=C-P+1 or F= C-P......

Yes, supernatural forces definitely govern life on Earth. How else you can explain statistical data that Earth population became dumber and less educated?

Moving from computational chemistry back to experimentes is precisely what I did proceeding from undergraduate to Dipl./PhD works without losing any time; several other people did the same so it is definitely not an unusual path. However, classical chemical thermodynamics are often no longer performed by physical chemistry institutes but can rather be found in engineering faculties/departments. So if you want to move your location for your PhD, I would recommend you to check out those facilities; many of them also offer chemical PhD degrees, if you prefer that.

Following

Dear Avinash v Dass,

Attached herewith Book/Research Paper links on Thermophoresis.

01.

02.

03.

04.

05.

06.

07.

08.

09.

10.

11.

12.

I hope I have answered your question.

With Best Wishes,

Samir G. Pandya

Dear search the website of the journal using the abstract and title of the work.

@sci-hub.tw/

Of course, yes. To give an example, from quantum chemistry, let z be a perturbation parameter and suppose that we computed E(z) function by using Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation series (n>3 order). This function involves singularity points in the complex z plane which are responsible for the convergence of the perturbation series. In terms of Schrödinger equation (and conformal mapping) these singularities manifests some changes in molecular geometry or in basis set. Such points may connect the ground state to an excited state of the molecule (generally to a low lying excited state or the one as its lowest symmetry). Some other points behave as critical points upon dissociation. MP4 and CCSD(T) type computations reveal such phenomena.

Atkins' Physical Chemistry, Eleventh Edition, Oxford University press, Peter Atkins, Julio de Paula, and James Keeler.(ISBN: 9780198769866)

I quote: "Atkins' Physical Chemistry epitomises the benchmark of achievement for a chemistry degree throughout the world. Its broad coverage, concise explanations, and robust mathematical support are clearly presented in an engaging style to furnish students with a solid foundation in the subject."

In other words: as a student (long time ago...) it was already an excellent book. Nowadays it is supported with all sorts of additional features.

Good luck and enjoy!

Mr. Phogat,

Via MS.