Chemistry - Science topic

Locating a single proton from e density difference maps would be tricky to say the least. Structurally, μ₃-O^2- will be planar, whereas μ₃-OH^- will be pyramidal.

There are physical techniques like magnetometry and EPR that may help you assess the spin of the metal ions if they are magnetic.

Please read my responses again. No opinion(s) are given except that your question does not address the features available in most research grade chromatography software. Curve fits can not be categorized into just two types, linear and quadratic. You make it sound like we must choose only between these two choices. Are you using a software package that limits you to only 2 types of curve fits? If so, that may pose a problem for some sample types. Why do you limit this to just two curve fit types when in fact, several types may be needed for some sample types (e.g. the n-polynomial fits are useful too)? Some real world samples require far more than 2 (proof can be found from experience using many types of specialized detectors and different compounds. The literature is filled with examples, but the easiest way to see examples would be to search for HPLC-ELSD based methods). To ask 'why' instrument vendors include various curve fit options in their software does not address an actual need, but a perceived one. IN the case of curve fits, the DATA determines which fits are appropriate (not the vendor) and we are fortunate that so many chromatography software vendors have continued to include and offer many different types, similar to what is found in good quality statistical software packages.

I never stated that Linear output should always be used. I stated that you should use the best fit, the best formula that describes the data. This is not an opinion, but the mathematical model used to describe a data set.

Regarding calibration of mixtures. This has nothing to do with them all coming in the same vial. It is about measuring the response obtained from EACH sample or standard (which is not related to them being in the same vial. That is concentration, not response). We calibrate and fit points based on response. Two different proteins with the same concentration in solution can have two different responses (e.g. depending on the detector used), and this is why we measure it, record it and then plot it for each compound.

I recommend a Research proposal about organic chemistry for you :

1- Synthesis heterocycles compounds

2- Synthesis Nanocatalyst

Thank you.

The research knowledge shared during the webinar is much more significant .It also extend your CV and during promotion it will be helpful.

Also, weld^[1,2] two, independent, wires on each battery^[2,3], one (1^st) wire for i, and one (2^nd) wire for V.

Thanks for your invitation. We can contribute if publication charges are waived.

Ethyl methanesulfonate is a highly dangerous mutagenic and teratogenic organic compound with a melting point at around 25C, as you probably well know . No, you should not use it unless under a laboratory fume hood and GLP conditions, do not risk your health and professional character.

The chemistry would help respondents

Anything that would have a charge at basic pH, such as phosphate, sulfate, carboxylate, or tetrazole would help with solubility, but these are negative charges, of course. A quaternary ammonium group has a positive charge.

I will get back to you soon.

In the paper, "Heterogeneous photo–Fenton treatment for degradation of indigo carmine dye ". Cosme-Torres, et al., MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.451 . 23 de febrero 2020. https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms,

you can read about this topics

Dear Lokesh Murali, by in-situ polymerization, you can easily solve MXene and aniline in the same solutions, then mix them by ultrasonication, and next initiate polymerization with dropwise addition of APS. the following paper is the same approach for PANI and clay layers:

I agree with you Mr. Naimish Kumar Verma.

Kindly check https://www.jbc.org/content/239/8/2496.full.pdf

I. It is not clear from the enunciate if you are referring to volume of solvent (as it is often the case with solubility data) or to volume of solution (as it is typically the case for concentration given in volumetric basis).

II. I suggest that you check my posts elsewhere at this forum:

Well, if I were you, I wouldn't "mix a chemical reaction", just a reaction mixture. I wouldn't "move a chemical reaction" either. The chemical reaction also cannot be "pushed around by fluid flows" or "flow". Unfortunately, there are more awkward or incorrect phrases in your text. It is clear that you are a physicist and not a chemist.

Dear Jitesh Pandya, please check the attached file and the references therein. My Regards

I agree with Professor Duried Alwazeer if you meant that the total volume is aliquot + 75 ml.

Recall that the award goes to someone that made a discovery with significant impact. The MRI for medicine, Black Holes for Physics, past organic chemistry discoveries for Chemistry, etc their is now a bit more a blur between physiology/medicine and chemistry. In the past so much was still being discovered in chemistry but now discovery is being made but the award is not for just discovery but for knowledge and impact. So the lines blur for medicine and chemistry. We find discoveries in chemistry that impact medicine and have real world impact. So the cheap answer is that the lines are blurring and utility and impact are becoming felt in society thus making an argument for the justification.

Hello

you will find the answer in the following articles

Previous studies are mostly using default commercial codes for their modelling, perhaps developing your own code for a specific model could be useful for future studies.

Elecia Henry International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry is not indexed in Scopus or Web of Science Master Journal List. Please make sure before submitting your paper that the journal is indexed at least one of them.

You can find the list of predatory journals here. https://predatoryjournals.com/publishers/

Dear Punet Kumar

Although MDPI journals offer a fast publication process, they are highly expensive. So, the choice is totally up to you.

Regards

Try to use processing in HMDS (hexamethyldisilazane). For photoresists it work well.

Please note that sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 245.3g/L is not to be obtained by dissolving 245.2 grams of sodium chloride into 1 L water. Instaed 245.3g of NaCl should be dissolved in somewhat less water, in a volumetric 1L flask, after that filled up to 1.000 L of solution.

1. Patience.

2. Knowledge of field and ability to impart that knowledge to others.

3. Ability to ask questions and define specific aims

4. Writing skills to produce grants and publications.

5. Research support in terms of grants or other types of research funding.

6. Contacts, perhaps a network of researchers with similar interests.

7. Foster attendance a scientific meetings, including presentations by students.

Dear Alvin Kissoondoyal, if it has such a shielding effect it will help and contribute in sound isolation. The main effect is that of PU bulk structure. My Regards

Thank you all

I agree with the method suggested by Frank T. Edelmann . You can even have excess liquid/copper solution and, given enough impregnation time, the diffusion of copper acetate should fully impregnate the MOF. You can determine the actual metal loading by measuring the copper concentration of the liquid before and after impregnation and calculate the loading by material balance.

Dear Lokesh Murali please see this useful article entitled MXene supported CoxAy (A = OH, P, Se) electrocatalysts for overall water splitting: unveiling the role of anions in intrinsic activity and stability

Hottest topics right now in organic chemistry research:

1)Synthesis of nano-materials involving metal catalyst to control COVID-19

2)Isolation of Biologically active compounds of plant products to control COVID-19

3)Develop recombinant DNA Technology to control COVID-19

4)Development of Green technology to produce COVID-19 vaccine

In the same way of Moosa Faniband, when you add NaCl, to aqueous phase become more polar, changing the partition coefficient. So, the analyte will be push to organic phase, increasing concentration in isooctane.

Hope helps

ball milling (maybe coating) and some solution methods (simple composition) are the easiest way, but not novel.

Some in-situ synthesis method could be tried out, which should be well-designed.

I think that the teacher can use some applications that are online intended for learning the nomenclature, elaboration and spatial representation of molecules. There are also reaction simulators and laboratory practices where through color change you can explain and discuss with students the causes of a color change or a gas release. Also the teacher and students can make representations through animation programs that are useful to represent (model) some change or transformation of the matter.

Hi Lokesh,

Can I ask more about your goals with this project? You can in principle get almost any conductive material to act as either a cathode or an anode based on the potential you apply to that material, so long as you have a counter electrode to facilitate the closure of the circuit. The question is how good of an anode or cathode your material is, and that will largely depend on what reaction you want to occur within that material or at its surface.

To give a concrete example - and sorry here if I am using a different sign convention (these things can be tricky, but I come from a U.S. Chemical Engineering background): if I apply a cathodic (negative/reductive) potential to a platinum electrode in a conductive aqueous solution, I'll drive a net cathodic/reductive reaction (such as hydrogen evolution). If I apply an anodic (positive/oxidative) potential to that same platinum electrode in that same aqueous solution, I'll drive a net anodic/oxidative reaction (such as oxygen evolution). And if I have two platinum electrodes in the system at the same time, then one can act as a counter to the other; one will drive hydrogen evolution, and the other, oxygen evolution. There is nothing different about the electrodes or the solutions they are in, except the fact that I am controlling the relative potentials of the electrodes through the input of energy into a potentiostat (or similar device). Note: this is an electrolytic example, but I'm happy to discuss things from a galvanic cell perspective if that is more useful.

Best wishes,

Kindle

When I was in high school I did an experiment on 3 different light colours (red, blue and green) and their respective effects on green bean plant growth. You can try this experiment using different light colours or different plants.

Or you can conduct a research on the effects on soil pH on plant growth.

Hi,

For those having a cross-talk problem, it is better to choose the deuterium or carbon isotope dilution method for internal standard (IS) quantitation. If you cant provide the isotope synthesized molecule or co-elution exist and you cant improve the chromatographic resolution then I strongly suggest switching your IS with an analog molecule, which behaves like your target compound (Extraction yield, ionization suppression effects etc.) but also giving fragmentation product at different MW far away from your target fragments.

Mr P. Contreras for introduction, you may read this popular review: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/time-crystals-could-be-legitimate-form-perpetual-motion/#:~:text=Once%20set%20in%20motion%2C%20a,system%20without%20first%20adding%20energy.

What you need is the enthalpy of reaction, the average specific heat and the density of the reaction mixture. You seem to need a database of the physico-chemical properties of the ingredients more than a ΔT_ad calculating software.

For Chemical Structure and Graphic

1. ChemSketch: https://www.acdlabs.com/

2. ChemDraw: https://www.perkinelmer.com/

For scientific modeling and graphic design you may use-

1. Biorender: https://biorender.com/

2. Blender: http://www.blender.org/

3. Adobe Illustrator: https://www.adobe.com/

4. 3d Max: https://www.autodesk.com/

4. GIMP: https://www.gimp.org/

Not possible it is in dissolved state. You need to use evaporative crystallizer

Brilliant, thanks for confirming!

Welcome Frank T. Edelmann

Another important attached concept is:

1. Principal Investigator (PI) usually after the name has ** PI

2. Co-Principal Investigator or Co-Investigator (Co-PI/Co-I)

3. Faculty Participant

https://www.umass.edu/research/policy/pi-and-co-pi-roles-and-responsibilities

Traditionally, the last author position is reserved for the supervisor or principal investigator. As such, this person receives much of the credit when the research goes well and the flak when things go wrong.

Multiple “first” authors. Additional “first” authors can be noted by an asterisk or other symbol accompanied by an explanatory note. This practice is common in interdisciplinary studies; however, as we shall explain further below, the first name listed on a paper will still enjoy more visibility than any other “first” author. https://wordvice.com/journal-article-author-order/

Multiple “last” authors. Similar to recognizing several first authors, multiple last authors can be recognized via typographical symbols and footnotes. This practice arose as some journals wanted to increase accountability by requiring senior lab members to review all data and interpretations produced in their labs.

https://wordvice.com/journal-article-author-order/

For details please read attached PDFs

What equation? Do you mean the Michaelis-Menten equation? They can be determined graphically on the basis of the V = f (c_S) curve, or can be calculated using, for example, non-linear regression.

LanguagesEnglishAccessProvidersElsevierCostSubscriptionCoverageDisciplinesLife sciences; social sciences; physical sciences; health sciencesTemporal coverage2004–presentGeospatial coverageWorldwideNo. of records69 millionLinks

Hi Luis, metabolomics studies the metabolome in a top-down, experimental manner. The metabolome comprehends the whole ensemble of small molecules, with grey limits within biological oligomers. Proteins, genes, transcripts, are not part of the metabolome, neither lipids or glycans in my opinion. While MS or NMR can/will 'virtually' be able to obtain information about any molecule, for sure it will not be in a high-throughput manner, measuring everything at the same time. In fact, metabolomics is the least high-throughput omic technique where robust bioinformatic pipelines are still under development when compared to proteomics, genomics, etc. Many analytical techniques are 'the true' technique to answer the problem to which the technique is focused to retrieve data valuable to be evaluated.

Dear Reads Nima Tabatabaei Rezaei,

Have you tried the way I propose to go ahead for the same? Just try it.Somebody has done and successfully got some very interesting synthesis results.

Because of the good thermal stability and superior carrier transport characteristics of formamidinium lead trihalide perovskite HC(NH2)2PbX3 (FAPbX3) has been considered to be a better optoelectronic material than conventional CH3NH3PbX3 (MAPbX3). The FAPbBr3 photodetector’s responsivity to two-photon absorption with an 800-nm excitation source can reach 0.07 A W−1, which is four orders of magnitude higher than that of its MAPbBr3 counterparts. Materials such as Formamidine acetate, lead bromide (PbBr2, > 98%) and hydrobromic acid (48 wt% in water), Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) may required for synthesis.

Formamidinium iodide (FAI) and formamidinium bromide (FABr) can be synthesised by dissolving formamidinium acetate powder in a 2x molar excess of 57%w/w hydroiodic acid (for FAI) or 48%w/w hydrobromic acid (for FABr). FABr can be synthesized by slowly dropping 10 mL hydrobromic acid into 50 mmol (5.205 g) formamidine acetate in a flask, accompanied by continuous stirring at 0 °C for 2 h under argon atmosphere. The product FABr was formed once the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator at 70 °C. The crude white powder was dissolved in ethanol and subsequently reprecipitated in diethyl ether. Then, the filtered product was dried at 60 °C in a vacuum oven for 24 h for further use.

Ashish

Dear Michael Pujari-Palmer, why don't you use directly AFM for contact measurement? My Regards

Dear Ana

If you intend to determine all double bonds (including aromatic, carbonyl and etc) I recommend using the NMR analysis, although you will need a specific lab, this equipment is usual in chemical departments.

Some articles may help you with this problem.

Hi Alida, this is a really good question. I think that the basis for this is the combination of basic and acidic dyes to stain acidic/basophilic, and basic/acidophilic molecules in tissue, respectively. I realize that your question is really asking why some stains won't work without their counterpart. I know that you must use basic dyes before acidic dyes, and alcohol before aqueous, otherwise staining will not work. I suggest Animal tissue techniques (A Series of books in biology) 3rd ed. by Gretchen L Humason. It was published in 1972, but is still one of the best histology books I've ever seen. You can get it on amazon for about $10, ISBN-10: 9780716706922 .

That is the weakness of lumping: The mass balance of components requires information on the product composition, which is not accessible after lumping. One might use average values for the products, such as molar mass or density. Those average values, however, depend on the composition, which is not known after lumping. The mass balance consequently contains errors. Therefore it is probably more meaningful to go for molar balances assuming constant density or flow rate (note that appropriate assumptions depend on the specific problem).

In general the applicability of lumping always depends on the accuracy required, which is defined in the problem statement. Therefore it has to be clear, which kind of assumptions are appropriate (e.g. constant density, flow rate, etc.). Furthermore, none of the products should affect the kinetics of the involved reactions.

Please also keep in mind that your question is rather generic and can't be answered in general, as the answer always depends on the specific problem.

Dear Maciej Spiegel ,

If you were using Gaussian09, you might wanna try b97d3 or wb97xd functional which includes a better dispersion correction.

Try Zinc15 or VulcanChem (https://www.vulcanchem.com/) Or a vendor listed on PubChem. They are usually more responsive than others found on the Internet.

Please go to this link:

@Muhammad Shoaib thanks for asking this question. The answers here my mind to a greater extent.thanks

It depends on the topic and process of the university and the cooperation of supervisors as well.

Approximately 3-4.

There must be some problem with the pH meter then.. U should show it to a technician so that it can be fixed.

@ Chandra, please have a look of the attached file.

Can have a look - on the attached manuscripts

Please check the following link, I hope this can help:

I've made a synthesis in French a few months ago. Hope it will help.

I highly agree with the opinion reported by Frank T. Edelmann

Regards

The virus uses several protease enzymes, they are particularity sensitive to pH changes .

Mostly pH is affected.

Dear all, hope the attached basics books will be helpfull. My Regards

Dear Oussama,

From this picture I cannot state with certainty if it is the same structure (= the same molecule with the same crystal packing) or not, because the representation is different. The coordinates of the atoms are chosen differently with respect to the origin in A and B. You can probably shift your atoms in the unit cell so that the two structures look more similar.

From the unit cell it seems the same structure: the difference in volume is "negligible" and the different reported Z, Z' is likely due to a different definition of the moiety formula or sum formula.

But, in principle, the unit cell is not enough to decide if it's the same structure. As suggested, you can compare the simulated powder patterns. I also suggest to carefully compare the crystal packing by analyzing the intermolecular contacts and examining a bigger packing range (like for example 2x2x2 unit cells). Some programs also allow to overlay two crystal structures, to visually compare them.

In any case, you can most probably publish your structure along with the solvated form, with more focus on this latter, as it is new. Compare if there are real differences with the literature structure, for example, were they measured at the same temperature? Any conformational differences? I suggest you adopt the same atom labelling names and the most similar setting to the published structure, in order to facilitate the comparison both for you and for the readers.

Best wishes,

Arianna

Joseph Tham, thanks for a thought provoking question. I think we should tolerate and respect beliefs and ideas that are not considered scientific. Our intolerance of such beliefs and ideas could be the result of a lack of understanding of the science behind them. We should therefore subject them to rigorous testing using the scientific method. A practical example is the fact that the World Health Organization has not dismissed out of hand the herbal remedy from Madagascar that is claimed to prevent illness from COVID-19. Instead the remedy is going to be tested using established scientific principles. The null hypothesis can then be rejected or accepted. This is how Indigenous Knowledge Systems contribute to scientific advancement.

Sometimes it is just but a misconception and a result of peer pressure. Such students require alot of motivation for a positive attitude to the subject.

Dear , in such redox reactions, it is not possible that all reagents are being reduced. Oxidation and reduction must always take place simultaneously. In this case., the metallic copper is oxidized by iron(III) chloride, i.e. FeCl₃ is the oxidizing agent which is itself being reduced to Fe²⁺. On the other hand, you start with metallic copper (Cu⁰), which is the reducing agent. During the reaction, Cu⁰ is oxidized to Cu²⁺, i.e. the copper foil slowly dissolves.

Herbst, J. F., and J. J. Croat. "Neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets." Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 100, no. 1-3 (1991): 57-78.

Hi Saeed,

If you have the top view and side view of the MXene, with dimensions present on the figure, you can make the system. The top view and side view of relaxed MXene systems should be available online.

Also, if you have the atomic coordinates for a unit cell, you can use the lattice vectors to make large supercells.

I have attached another book. It is not possible to attached them together.

Hi Alexxandra Jane Ty

The relationship between rates of lipid oxidation and moisture is complex. The amount of water, the water activity and the state of water in a food, along with other factors, must all be considered.

For most fresh or tissue foods that have moisture contents between 60 - 95% have a water activity very close to 1.T he mode of deterioration at this water activity is generally microbial or enzymatic in nature. Direct lipid oxidation (i.e. not enzyme-mediated) is not an important source of deterioration at this high water activity since other modes of degradation will deteriorate the food first.

Concentration, freezing, and drying are mechanisms by which the water activity of food can be reduced. Such processes may bring the food into the intermediate moisture or low-moisture region where direct lipid oxidation becomes a more important mode of degradation. Also, during dehydration, free radicals can be formed which accelerates lipid oxidation. Freezing can also lead to the acceleration of lipid oxidation rates through the concentration of substrates and catalysts in the unfrozen portion of the system.

On the other hand, Chou et al. (1973) found that water activity primarily affects matrix swelling and thus substrate/reaction site availability as well as catalyst mobility.

Hereinbelow the tow common theories related to the relationship between water activity/content and lipid oxidation are briefly discussed:

Unlike most aqueous chemical reactions, the rate of lipid oxidation that takes place in the oil phase is observed to increase as water activity is decreased below the monolayer (i.e. water molecules that are bound tightly to the food surface). This can be explained by considering the role of water in this reaction. It has been suggested that the monolayer of water—or rather, the water saturation of polar groups in lipids—is necessary to cover the surface of the lipid, preventing it from direct exposure to air. This monolayer is essentially “bound” water with limited mobility and is assumed to not participate in chemical reactions. Several studies have found that a variety of foods are most stable to lipid oxidation at a relative humidity or aw consistent with the monolayer.

On the other hand, water can form a hydration sphere around metal catalysts such as Cu, Fe, Co, and Cd. In the dry state, the metal catalysts are most active. As water activity increases, the metals may hydrate which may reduce their catalytic action thus slowing the rate of lipid oxidation.

This monolayer theory, however, cannot be applied universally.

According to the glass transition theory, one important function of water is its ability to act as a plasticizing agent. The plasticization of a matrix involves swelling of the polymer matrix when moisture is increased. The resulting increase in free volume might allow for faster diffusion of substrates in the aqueous phase which may lead to faster reaction rates. Plasticization may also increase the contact of the absorbed aqueous phase with the lipid phase. The number of catalytic sites increases such that the rate of lipid oxidation increases.

The above discussion shows that water plays both protective and prooxidative roles in lipid oxidation. In some foods at low aw near the monolayer moisture content, water is protective, presumably because it provides a barrier between the lipid and oxygen.

While the classic food stability map proposed by Labuza et al. (1972) shows lipid oxidation having a U-shaped relationship to aw, no U-shape was also observed; lipid oxidation actually slowed as aw increased as the case of freeze-dried food.

Overall, monolayer and glass transition concepts might not effectively predict lipid oxidation reactions in some foods if oxidation is primarily occurring in the lipid phase and thus would not be significantly impacted by water and the physical state of proteins and carbohydrates. On the other hand, water can play a major role in lipid oxidation chemistry if reactions are primarily promoted by water-soluble prooxidants such as metals. Unfortunately, the causes of lipid oxidation in low-moisture foods are poorly understood, which could be why measurements of water activity, monolayers, and glass transitions do not consistently predict lipid oxidation kinetics.

Sources:

https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1159&context=dissertations_2

Thats a very good idea to unite and make joint efforts to defeat the pandemic the world is suffering.

Flow measurement can be performed with different methods. Accuracy of reading may depend on different factors like samples water etc.

The Sarbecoviruses (SARS and SARS-related beta coronaviruses) are a faily diverse clade of coronaviruses. Merbecoviruses (MERS and MERS-related beta coronaviruses) are another clade with similar diversity. The SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 sarbecoviruses are quite distant from each other.

It may be due to aggregation, use stabilizing agents to reduce aggregation.

MestReNova , ChemDraw professional for synthesis

Gold, Moe, Glide for computetional docking

Pymole

I see some very good answers - we do the estimation by measuring the change in thermal conductivity of the space. The measurement can be more meaningful if you know the composition of the mineral deposit. The thermal conductivity of common water system scales is known. If the accumulation is, in fact, deposited, not grown in place - then the thermal conductivity model would be more relevant within repeated accumulation/settling of solids in that location.

Thermal conductivity is an accurate means of measuring the relative thickness but the results are more material with repeated measures or an accurate knowledge of the physical and chemical composition of the matter of interest.

Hi Annie, you can try to search the CIF file you need at COD (crystallographic open database - http://www.crystallography.net/cod/) or Materials Project ( https://materialsproject.org/) database. They are free of charge.

You have answered your own question. Proper chromatography methods require detection methods which are applicable to the samples under analysis. You may want to review the types of instruments, detectors, columns and materials available at your school before deciding on a final approach. Have someone in the school's analytical instrument lab assist you.

For HPLC samples with weak or no chromaphore, you will need to use a detector that does not rely on wavelength based light absorbance such as an RID, ELSD, CAD or MS, to name a few. Put a little time into researching this basic question so you will better understand the uses and limitations of these methods and detectors. I often suggest my students start with a keyword search on the web (GOOGLE or BING) to find examples and articles to review. This is one of the best ways to learn. Once you have familiarized yourself with the basics, be sure to ask your teacher for help in setting up and running some example methods.

BTW: You may also be able to derivatize some of your samples and use GC/FID or GC/MSD as an alternative to HPLC (only if the samples are appropriate).

I read that after leaching of oxidized zinc concentrates with sulfuric acid, the resulting solution is purified from harmful impurities like iron, copper, cobalt, nickel. And with a weakly acidic medium, pH = 5.2–5.3 iron ions are practically precipitated by the formation of hydroxides.

hi Spvnd Sumalatha ,

If a person is good in mathematics and has command over it, that means he has good logic aptitude and grasping ability. If now he want to do research in Fluid mechanics of course he can. He should start with reading the basic physics books and gradually increase the level to engineering fluid mechanics. Which, at this stage, should be a matter of not more than 6 focused months. after that he will be able to do like masters. Do not run behind paper publication from the start it will a by product of your focused learning and problem solving.

Dear Dr Gilson

I am ready to help if I could and be grateful to do something due to make progress!

I think many valuable media and journals could be useful for you such as:

https://www.nature.com/subjects/environmental-chemistry

https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Environmental+Chemistry+at+a+Glance-p-9781405135320

https://www.springer.com/journal/10311

Hydazine hydrate solution in water is basic (pH=11) but the solution of Hydrazinesulfate in water is acidic (pH = 3). So to get the hydrazine hydrate from hydrazine sulfate , the pH of the hydrazine sulfate solution has to be tuned to pH= 11.

Here the procedure:

Dissolve the Hydrazinesulfate in water ( 1 g in 30 ml), check the pH (then add Ambersep 900 hydroxide from resin (or any other OH from resins) and adjust its pH to 11. Filter the solution to obtain Hydrazine hydrate.

I have used this procedure recently, it works very well.

Hi,

as mentioned, it is indeed necessary to provide a more specific question in this case. Depending on the machines available in your lab it could be possible to perform an analysis more than another. Of course some basic chemicals are in every lab, but to avoid misleading you it could be better to receive more information about the type of research you want to carry.

Please have a look at the following link:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303898318_PHYTOCHEMICAL_TECHNIQUES_-_A_REVIEW

Best regards

Mostly adipic acid, manufactured from hexane, and also 1,6 Hexane Diamine, also made from hexane. Or Caprolactam made from hexane.

see below link

https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/five-apps/five-tips-for-extending-lithium-ion-battery-life/

It looks like neither the journal nor EndNote provide a style file, thus you will have to edit an existing style (perhaps ACS). If you have EndNote on your computer (not the plug-in but the stand alone program), go to Edit/Output Style/Edit "ACS"/Bibliography/Templates. Edit the journal article template, then save the edited style with a new name. When you reopen Word, you should see it when you "Select another style".

Dont worry. Dr Kafferlein. We are all here for discussion. That's no wrong or right answers. Thank you so much for your contribution.

It could be anything, from contaminants to side reactions/unexpected reactions. To check, I suggest eliminating one after another as follows:

Check the expiry date of the materials being used. Confirm from literature what/how you expect your mixture or solvent to look like at every step, if already published.

- Use well cleaned and completely dried glassware

If persists

- buy new solvent