Charcoal - Science topic

Archaeological and geophysical investigations at Veøy indicate that iron production was of great significance for the place’s economy and prosperity during the Viking Age and the Middle Ages. Both soil samples and magnetic susceptibility indicate that large areas were used for iron-related activities. Radiocarbon dating shows that these activities...

Biochar is a charcoal-like substance produced by heating biomass (such as wood chips, crop residues or organic waste) in a low-oxygen environment, a process known as pyrolysis. This thermal conversion transforms biomass into a stable carbon-rich material with a highly porous structure. Unlike traditional charcoal used for fuel, biochar is specifica...

To prevent the spread of pine wilt disease (PWD), a transportable carbonization equipment was designed for in-situ treatment of infected pine wood (IPW). The equipment killed all pine wood nematodes (PWNs) in IPW when carbonization temperature was up to 200 °C. The optimal laboratory process of infected pine wood charcoal (IPWC) was carbonization t...

Coconut shell waste pollutes the environment and affects public health. Converting coconut shell waste to pyrolytic oil (liquid smoke) with antimicrobial properties using microwave-assisted pyrolysis and activated charcoal as an absorbent is a promising solution. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process factors involved in the manufa...

As promising energy-storage devices, zinc–air batteries (ZABs) exhibit slow reaction kinetics for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurring at their electrodes. High-performance bifunctional catalysts must thus be synthesized to accelerate the reversible conversion of oxygen and improve the rate and overall perfo...

Satay as a traditional Indonesian product is still sold directly in fresh processed form and none has been sold in frozen processed form. So far, various types of satay have been found based on raw materials, processing, spices used, and region of origin. One type of traditional satay is komoh. Inspired by products that can be sold in frozen proces...

This study aimed to explore the use of orange charcoal, which can be obtained at a low cost from local markets in Libya, as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Methyl Orange (MO) from aqueous solutions. The disposal of dyes into the environment, including MO, has become a global concern due to its negative impact on water resources. The study...

The groundwater around the Kodungaiyur dump yard, in Tamil Nadu, India, is polluted due to the percolation of leachate from the dumpsite. This paper proposes three remedial techniques to make the groundwater drinkable for the people living near the Kodungaiyur trash yard. Twelve bore wells around the Kodungaiyur dumpsite provided water samples for...

Salah satu jenis kacang-kacangan terbesar ketiga di Indonesia adalah kacang hijau. Viabilitas dan vigor benih yang digunakan dalam praktik budidaya dipengaruhi oleh mutu mutu benih selama penyimpanan. Deteriorasi yang terjadi selama penyimpanan menyebabkan penurunan mutu benih kacang hijau. Limbah pertanian seperti arang sekam, serbuk gergaji dan c...

Carbon-based polymeric nanocomposite hydrogels (NCHs) represent a groundbreaking advancement in biomedical materials by integrating nanoparticles such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon dots (CDs), and activated charcoal (AC) into polymeric matrices. These nanocomposites significantly enhance the mechanical strength, electrical conductivi...

Effective household wastewater management is crucial for environmental sustainability and public health, especially in areas with limited advanced treatment infrastructure. This study explores the use of activated charcoal as a cost-effective and efficient method for treating household wastewater. Known for its high adsorption capacity, activated c...

Achalinu ningshanensis (Yang, Huang, Jiang, Burbrink, and Huang, 2022) was first described in Ningshan County, Shaanxi Province, China in 2022, based on seven female specimens. In this study, based on phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (12S), 16S ribosomal RNA (16S), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), cytochrome b (cyt b...

The sustainability of reforestation initiatives depends on the involvement of local communities, whose lack of ownership compromises efforts to combat deforestation in the Lubumbashi Charcoal Production Basin. This study assesses reforestation activities in two village areas (Milando and Mwawa), based on individual interviews (50 individuals/villag...

The use of brewery waste for the removal of pollutants such as chromium has rarely been studied. In the present work, the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solutions was evaluated by brewer’s spent grain (BSG), brewing sewage sludge (BSS), and their mixture (MIX), which were obtained from the Bedele Brewery Share Company, Ethiopi...

The necropolis from Ferigile (consisting of 149 small barrows containing cremation graves) was completely excavated by Alexandru Vulpe between 1956 and 1962. With the monographic publication of 1967, this necropolis would become the defining site for the late period of the Early Iron Age south of the Carpathians. The succession of the cemetery’s ph...

Nanosheets of chitosan-Schiff base copper complex (CS-Schiff-Cu) were synthesized by coordination of Cu²⁺ with chitosan-salicylaldehyde Schiff base. Then, nanoparticles of copper-nitrogen codoped biochar (Cu–N-C-700) were prepared by pyrolysis of CS-Schiff-Cu nanosheets in N2 atmosphere at 700 °C. Morphological and structural characterizations indi...

The Puymorens iron mine is located at an altitude of between 2,100 and 2,200 m at the western edge of the Pyrénées-Orientales department (France), which is bordered by the Ariège department in France and Andorra to the west and Spain to the south. It is the highest-altitude iron ore exploitation in the Pyrenees mountains. A major transportation cor...

In 2015, two pottery kilns were found in the historic centre of Ghent. Their dating in the late 9th or 10th century based on both archaeomagnetic research and radiocarbon analysis on charcoal places this production in direct relation to the earliest phase of Ghent's portus. In the whole discussion concerning the origin and layout of the trading set...

Biological charcoal loaded with nano zero-valent iron (nZVI@BC) was synthesized using the bioleaching co-pyrolysis method. This study analyzed the formulation sequence of nZVI@BC and its influence on chromium elimination from water and soil, along with the involved mechanisms. The bioleaching method facilitated ionic iron incorporation onto biochar...

A novel, optimized, polysaccharide and biochar-based, compostable hydrogel horticultural growing substrate for use in hydroponics and vertical farming was created based upon empirical methods and statistical design of experiments. A 15-run D-optimal mixture design of experiments was completed that increased the 14-day plant growing ability of a fiv...

p> Background: traditional ecological knowledge generated by different human groups is manifested in the various forms of appropriation of nature, particularly by intervening in the growth processes of plant species to take advantage of them and maintain them in the long term. The sierra of Zongolica is one of the most important indigenous areas in...

Conflict resolution is a vital component of effective forest resource management, attracting the attention of various stakeholders in many protected forest areas in Zambia. Challenges in achieving peaceful resolutions, disputes over land control, over-exploitation of forests for charcoal production, and agricultural expansion have led to the shrink...

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX) and formaldehyde (HCHO) impact the environment and human health due to their deleterious effect and are of great concern. In the present study, diurnal and seasonal trend of BTEX and HCHO along with trace gases are reported. BTEX samples were collected by activated charcoal tubes and analysed by Gas Ch...

The sustainability of reforestation initiatives depends on the involvement of local communities, whose lack of ownership compromises efforts to combat deforestation in the Lubumbashi Charcoal Production Basin. This study assesses reforestation activities in two village areas (Milando and Mwawa), based on individual interviews (50 individuals/villag...

The widespread use of fossil fuel has led to severe environmental consequences, such as climate change and pollution. As a remedial response, the global energy landscape has decidedly shifted from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, such as solar energy and biofuel for bioenergy. As a country rich in resources, Malaysia has had a golden oppor...

We explore gathering practices related to woody species for firewood, fruits and seeds by Middle and Late Holocene hunter gatherer occupations (between ca. 6000 and ca. 950 YP) in the central area of Argentina. Firewood was one of the main vegetable resources used during the occupation of rockshelters (N=5) in Ongamira valley (Córdoba) but also the...

The Cavendish banana (Musa acuminata L.) is a highly significant cultivated plant for individuals living in tropical and subtropical regions. In vitro cultivation serves as a viable option for banana propagation, particularly for the Cavendish variety. The objective of this study is to identify the optimal medium for the in vitro multiplication of...

The degradation of headwaters in the Republic of Guinea is becoming increasingly complex and poses a major challenge for the conservation of natural resources. To contribute to the protection of the headwater of the Niger River, a study was conducted in the Forokonia District/Bakando sector, under the Kobikoro sub-prefecture, Faranah prefecture, du...

The experiment was conducted from November, 2022 to February, 2023 (rabi season) and July, 2023 to October, 2023 (kharif season) respectively at the Agricultural Research Station, Karimnagar, Telangana State, India to identify resistant hybrids for charcoal rot disease in maize. 469 entries with check were screened in randomized block design by too...

Background Charcoal rot of soybean is caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, a global crop destroyer and an important pathogen in the midwestern USA. The quantitative nature of host resistance and the complexity of the soybean-M. phaseolina interaction at the molecular level have hampered resistance breeding. A previous study...

Blacksmiths manufacture farm equipment that still uses conventional systems in their production. The fabrication process goes through the heating stage of steel to a temperature of 850°C as the primary raw material (carbon steel). Heating aims to make the steel easy to shape into farm tools. Conventional furnace designs, such as those at blacksmith...

This study presents a novel approach for producing xylitol from xylose‐rich hydrolysate derived from pistachio shells. Initially, xylose‐rich hydrolysate was obtained through microwave‐assisted high‐pressure CO2/H2O hydrolysis, achieving a maximum xylose concentration of 14.58 ± 0.11 g L⁻¹ and yield of 62.01 ± 0.92% (w w⁻¹). Prior to the bioconvers...

This community service program aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of the members of the Papaling Women's Farmers Group (KWT.PAPALING) in processing hybrid corn waste into charcoal briquettes (bricorn) as an effort to improve the community's economic literacy. The implementation methods for this service include situational and problem analysis...

Archaeological investigations have revealed important finds that testify to the processing of ore and the production of metal goods in medieval times. Of the common metals, the most coveted, sought after and used throughout most of history was iron. Its special properties, efficiency and resistance to wear, and the possibility of processing discard...

This research investigates the adsorption capabilities of magnesium oxide (MgO), activated charcoal, and a composite mixture (1 : 1 ratio) of these materials as adsorbents. A batch experimental procedure was employed, ensuring the precision of results through triplicate sample preparation and experimentation. The study delved into the adsorption be...

Doner kebab is a traditional Turkish meat product produced from lamb, beef or poultry meat seasoned with a blend of spices such as salt, black pepper, cumin, thyme and/or sauces. The aim of this study was to determine 16 EU priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in doner kebabs cooked under four different heating sources (electricity, ope...

The leaves of ’khat’ (Catha edulis Forsk), a plant widely grown in Ethiopia are chewed by local people for their stimulant action. Its branches and part of the leaves are thrown as solid waste. The objectives of this study was to characterize fuel briquette made from this waste disposed in Hawassa city, Ethiopia. First, charcoal fines were prepared...

The mung bean crop (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) is widely recognized as a key source of pulse food worldwide. However, this crop suffers substantial yield losses due to humid environments, particularly from infestations by the fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina, which causes charcoal rot disease. This infestation results in significant agro...

Starry triggerfish bone is the leftovers of fish products, and the utilization as carbon active is still minimal. Fish bones are organic waste containing carbon; therefore, they could be utilized as adsorbents (charcoal and activated carbon). This study aims to determine the characteristics of charcoal and activated carbon produced from starry trig...

This research was motivated by the large potential of dry leaf waste in the campus environment of the University of North Sumatra and the awareness of the importance of appropriate innovation in the use of dry leaf waste as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel. The aim of this research was to determine the potential of leaf waste in the cam...

Background This study aimed to investigate the in vitro effect of a charcoal-containing dentifrice with different toothbrush stiffness on enamel. Methods Four main groups were applied: distilled water, conventional fluoridated toothpaste (Colgate® Total® 12 Clean Mint Toothpaste), charcoal toothpaste (Colgate® Total® Charcoal Toothpaste) and white...

This paper discusses the theme of crime as depicted in the works of Polish literary classic Henryk Sienkiewicz and the prominent representative of Georgian critical realism in the late 19th century, Egnate Ninoshvili. The name Ninoshvili is introduced for the first time into the study of Polish–Georgian literary relations. According to the author,...

Biochar stands out for its valuable characteristics in enhancing soil properties but the high cost of pyrolizers for large scale biochar production has hindered local farmers from enjoying these benefits leading to suggestion of achieving similar benefits from readily available cooking charcoal. Thus, need to compare the reactions of these two blac...

Potato chips are popular and frequently consumed ready-to-eat food in the world. Acrylamide is a possible carcinogenic and neurotoxic compound formed in potato chips during heat processing, a public health concern. This study aimed to develop potato chips to mitigate acrylamide formation, followed by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines wi...

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is widely used in industrial production due to its pharmacological properties, particularly cannabidiol (CBD). For commercial production, it is essential to have a large-scale propagation that is consistently disease-free and rapid. Thus, this study aims to establish a protocol for exponentially increasing the amount of hi...

In Tanzania, Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) are established on village lands, usually adjacent to centrally managed core protected areas like national parks and game reserves, and managed in a devolved manner by local village authorities. WMAs are intended to conserve wildlife outside such core protected areas, while also providing opportunities...

Longer‐term perspectives—equivalent to the lifespans of long‐lived trees—are required to fully inform perceptions of ‘naturalness’ used in woodland conservation and management. Stand‐scale dynamics of an old growth temperate woodland are reconstructed using palaeoecological data. The study site is Cambusurich Wood, Scotland, a woodland designated f...

The Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites in the Carpathians and Danube lowlands constitute key contexts for tracing the dispersal of Homo sapiens into central‐western Europe and the replacement of Homo neanderthalensis . Surprisingly, the Romanian archaeological inventory lacks transitional technologies and only a few sites have been systematically...

Sn-Bi solders are considered by PV manufacturers as acceptable Pb-free alternative due to its low operating temperature and cost, despite being prone to brittleness caused by coarse Bi phases. Bamboo charcoal (BC) is a sustainable and environment-friendly resource with high surface area and its addition to Sn-Bi solder meets the requirement of a gr...

Nearly half of the global population rely on solid polluting fuels such as firewood, charcoal, animal and plant wastes for cooking. Continued reliance on such fuels and technologies has severe negative health, environmental, and development impacts. Using a systematic literature review methodology, this study sought to unveil factors influencing ch...

White seabass (Lates calcarifer) is classified as a fishery commodity that has a high selling value with an easy cultivation method. However, water quality is an obstacle in the fish cultivation process. Therefore, it is necessary to implement an appropriate cultivation system, including a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). RAS is reuse of wat...

Between October 2021 and July 2024, radon measurements in air and soil were carried out in the South and East flanks of Etna volcano to check the possible correlation between radon emissions and active faults/eruptive fissures and to obtain preliminary data on any negative impacts on human health. Fifteen continuous indoor radon monitors were insta...

Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) is a keystone species, providing food and habitat to wildlife, in high-elevation ecological communities. In recent years, this important species has been negatively impacted by changes in fire regimes, increased Dendroctonus ponderosae (mountain pine beetle) outbreaks associated with human landscape and climate mod...

Soil is a planting material that has various functions in it, its main function has a lot of influence on life and almost all living things on earth. The most significant role is when the soil becomes a cultivation medium for plants, it is required to provide all the needs of plants to live so the role of soil is very crucial. Control of land impro...

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is responsible for wilt diseases of tomato. The present study was investigated the isolation screening, molecular characterization of a native Trichoderma sp. and use them to control of fusarium wilt of BARI-15 and BARI-17 tomato in field conditions. BLAST search and phylogenetic tree analysis confirm the ident...

Gastric ulceration is frequent in adult horses, bringing significant economic and welfare implications to these animals. Treatment may employ several drugs, but adsorbents, such as activated charcoal, are not mentioned. Activated charcoal may be a valuable therapeutic option mainly because of its few adverse effects, fecal elimination, and low cost...

To extract technetium-99m (99mTc) from low-specific-activity molybdenum-99 (99Mo) in a short time without being influenced by the volume of molybdenum solution. The method for recovering 99mTc from low-specific-activity 99Mo is a method in which the daughter nuclide 99mTc produced through the decay of 99Mo with a low-specific activity contained in...

Agricultural activities, charcoal production, and logging are the main causes of deforestation and forest degradation in Miombo woodlands (MW), but they also provide opportunities for MW to recover through land abandonment after disturbance. However, our understanding of the ecological impacts of disturbance and the potential pathways for the regro...

Symbiotically speaking, cutting a tree is akin to cutting a man or any of its counterparts in the animal kingdom. Besides solar energy, heat energy's role in humans’ daily life calls for its taming, artificial ignition, and fuelling of same for its reuse as and when due. Hence, humans’ ability to ignite and fuel fire marked a significant achievemen...

Background A comprehensive summary of evidence about oral health in slum settings that could inform policy directions is lacking. Objective To summarise the latest evidence regarding oral disease burden and their determinants, perceptions, practices, and service utilization in the slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs. Design Systematic revi...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat that affects cancer patients more than the general population. In this work, a composite system based on Zn-alginate hydrogel and activated charcoal (AC) particles that, upon contact with physiological fluids, simultaneously releases bioactive agents (Zn2+ and AC particles impregnated...

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of poisoning-related deaths, particularly affecting organs with high oxygen demands such as the heart and brain. Cardiac complications, including non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), can occur due to CO poisoning but are not frequently reported in the elderly. We present the case of an 8...

Cities globally must make urgent decisions to ensure a sustainable future as rising pollution, particularly PM2.5, poses severe health risks like respiratory and heart diseases. PM2.5’s harmful composition also impacts vegetation and the environment. Immediate government intervention is necessary to mitigate these effects. This study tackles the ur...