Character - Science topic

Hi Bilal,

Even in history books, authors cannot always paraphrase reports. At one time or another, one is compelled to "cite" statements by the characters invoved in the discourse. In other words, the presentation assumes a hybrid nature where the author speaks and also gives the characters the opportunity to speak.

The question arises: How much do you want to speak for the characters? And how much do you want the characters to speak for themselves?

Having written novels and reviews and reported scientific experiments, I have found it very hard to write even a short story completely in stream of consciousness, that is, if you mean everything in your own words. It would work if you are just musing over something real or otherwise. Even then, I find that the writing has more impact and conveys a sense of reality when it is interspersed with dialogues even though it is fiction. Try this:

Write a short story as a stream. Then, render the same short story as a dialogue. Remember: The dialogue requires a narrator (you), and characters (actors). I often find that the later is more impactful.

That was just my side of the story.

Kawther Hakeem Ibraheim

Characterization of gold nanoparticles obtained by reducing gold ions with reducing agents from bacteria is complicated by a large number of impurities. Therefore, you need to wash these impurities in a test tube on a centrifuge with ethyl alcohol or acetone, dry. Then you can characterize them by TEM, DLS, UV-visible spectrum and other methods.

Personally, I perfer using apidog to do some quick testing to ensure that there isn't any error, the UI is much better than postman and makes me very easy to debug.

Yes, frequency rankings of letters based on their recurrence exist for many languages, including Romanian. Analyzing letter frequency is especially useful in cryptography, linguistics, and natural language processing tasks. Here is a rough frequency ranking for Romanian, based on corpus analysis:

1. E

2. I

3. A

4. R

5. N

6. T

7. U

8. O

9. S

10. L

11. C

12. D

13. P

14. M

15. Π(or  - both represent the same sound but differ based on spelling rules)

16. V

17. F

18. Z

19. B

20. G

21. H

22. Ș

23. Ț

24. J

25. X

26. Q

27. Y

28. K

Romanian also includes specific diacritics like Ș (S-comma), Ț (T-comma), Ă, Î, and Â, which can slightly affect letter frequency distribution, especially in more formal texts. These ranked letters and special characters are essential when working with Romanian text at the character level to handle diacritics accurately.

Martin Eden's character is multidimensional, demonstrating existential and intellectual depth. His soul is heavy with fragments of shattered dreams, carrying the terrible bitterness of disillusionment. His ungrounded ideals, unable to stand the test of reality, are lost in a world where materialism is preferred over substance and money is valued over eternal principles. Martin Eden's death can be interpreted in both literal and metaphorical ways. In the context of metaphor, his death symbolizes the incompatibility between ideals and harsh reality, as well as between moral and spiritual values and materialistic priorities. With his existential quest, emotional, and psychological complexities, Martin Eden's character holds a lasting place in American literature.

Cindy: You're absolutely right. I think that the racial hierarchy is to show that there are drees of goodness and badness. It's much more nuanced that just good vs. evil.

I hesitate to complicate things further.

David Shaw points to the context of leadership effectiveness as an important aspect of your question.

John Knights points to the question which character traits to study.

I may add the point: what do you mean by leadership effectiveness?

Is this, for instance, ‘in how far does the department or group perform to requirements set by higher echalons’, or is it something like ‘does the group do as the leader asks them to do?’, or perhaps ‘how satisfied are the people under the leader’s command?’ You may even ask: ‘are the people being led happy with their leader, supervisor, boss etcetera.

One may also think about differences in the tasks to be performed: do we talk about leadership effectiveness in a shoe-factory, a government department, a religious community…, you name it.

There is another point as well: whether a leader performs well also depends on the type of people he/she tries to lead: highly extravert people may perhaps need another type of leader then introverts, people used to (or preferring) a certain style of leadership (say participative, democratic, authoritarian) may make another type of leader effective.

So, I suggest to think about this type of questions before embarking on something great.

Good luck,

Laurens

The Sun God (Ra) was probably the oldest religion.

I would note that biogeographical regions (Neartic, Neotropical, etc) have no natural existence. They are purely artificial creations. this goes for all geographically bounded areas (including biomes, areas of endemism, ecological regions etc.).

You want to demonstrate that the abnormalities occur symmetrically, and you show this in a graph. That's ok and it should be sufficient.

The rest you describe is weird and wrong. Neither t-test nor U-test are able to show that the occurrences are symmetric. They answer completely different questions that are not interesting in this context.

You may, if you insist to "test" something, find some statistic that actually measures "symmetry" in some way and apply a test on that. The null hypothesis should not be "perfect symmetry" but rather the minimum relevant asymmetry. You may equivalently check if the confidence interval of your "symmetry"-statistic is fully withing the "range of negligibility". Such a confidence interval could be obtained by bootstrapping.

The reviewer has not understood anything and is just writing rubbish.

For an artistic perspective I would recommend "Theory for Theatre Studies: Emotion" and "Forms of Emotion: Human to Nonhuman in Drama, Theatre and Contemporary Performance", both by Peta Tait.

The perception of simplicity varies, and the depth of a message relies on context. If you prioritize brevity, explore languages like Toki Pona or Mini.

The story dictates the form. A stream of consciousness, however, should read like one, and a conversation should read as if different people were really speaking. Other than that, off you go!

Nice thought you've got, madam. With the English language and the dissemination of information today, the sky is the limit for African authors. Many researchers sent articles for me to edit. Most of them cite Bleeding Stubs, which is exceptional short fiction from his demographic.

I was about to buy Bleeding Stubs after all the recommendations, but I was delighted to find a free copy in this magazine https://sites.google.com/view/marvelousliterarymagazine

Fast paced, deep but with a dark end. Please can we read it and discuss it here?

There is a chance that a character flaw would be found

Dear friend Muhamad Hazim Ahmad Ghazali

Ah, the world of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene hybrids, fascinating stuff! Let me break it down for you Muhamad Hazim Ahmad Ghazali .

Firstly, CNTs are essentially rolled-up sheets of graphene, which is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Now, the notation (10,0) or (12,0) refers to the chirality of the carbon nanotube.

My article recently published can be a good reading:

The first number represents the number of unit vectors along the circumference of the tube in the graphene sheet, denoted as "n". The second number, if present, denotes the number of unit vectors along the direction of the tube's axis, typically labeled as "m". However, for the zigzag-type tubes like (10,0) and (12,0), there are no "m" components because they don't spiral around the tube.

Now, the "h" you Muhamad Hazim Ahmad Ghazali mentioned after the numbers signifies the hybridization of the carbon atoms within the nanotube. This hybridization dictates the electronic properties and stability of the nanotube. For example, (10,0) would be a 10-membered carbon ring forming the tube, and "h" indicates the hybridization state of the carbon atoms.

Regarding the inter-tube distance of 12 hexagons, it suggests the separation between adjacent nanotubes within the hybrid structure. This distance is measured in terms of the number of carbon hexagons between the outermost atoms of adjacent tubes.

In essence, when you Muhamad Hazim Ahmad Ghazali see (10,0) CNT (12,0) with an inter-tube distance of 12 hexagons, it's describing a specific type of carbon nanotube (10,0) with a certain hybridization, paired with another type (12,0) and spaced apart by 12 hexagons of carbon atoms. This precise arrangement has implications for the material's properties and potential applications. Cool, isn't it?

I was unable to find a translation that was labelled PD, so I used AI tools to try and create my own. I was unable to extract good sentences from the Chinese originals, and I had no way of checking the accuracy of the translation. So, I dumped that, and used the main points of the narrative, polished it a little, added some descriptions (old prose is often short of adjectives and moods). I then created an audio intro, made some graphics and recorded it with myself as narrator. It does actually have a little Hong Kong movie feel to it :) The poetry had to be modified as well. This is my "interpretation" a well known story adapted from vernacular legends by Feng Menglong in 16th century, or something. Reconstructing the story from the gibberish produced by the translators was very difficult. It is a PD character, and it was fun.

Andrea Desiderato

If you want to have separate experimental and control groups, you can use "random assignment" from the original sample. But be sure your overall sample size is large enough to ensure that you have the power to detect significance. If you are not familiar with assessing the power of a test, the most widely used tool is g*Power

Alexander Ohnemus

Your question is difficult to understand. Let me contextualize it with a historical example, that of indoctrinated and brainwashed German boys who were initiated into Jungvolk, were promoted to Hitler Youth, attended the special schools run by the SS, and were subsequently selected to be SS officers.

Those men presumably regarded themselves as indubitably correct in their ideological convictions and morally superior to their subordinates, as well as all of those outside the Nazi fold, Germans as well as non-Germans. I take it that that would epitomize both self-righteousness and sincerity in adherence to the Nazi cause and its Führerprinzip.

You seem to be suggesting that mere self-righteousness is differentiated from sincere adherence to a cause, in that sincerity requires adherence to a host of moral principles. However, it seems to me that for such indoctrinated men such principles were adhered to mostly in regard to their Nazi superiors and equals, less so to their Nazi subsordinates, even less to (non-Jewish) Germans, and entirely optional as regards Jews and non-Germans.

On Wu Wei and Effortless Action: 道不可道，名不可名。道名始離 Dào bù kě dào, míng bù kě míng. Dào míng shǐ lí.

Translation 1: "The Dao that can be told is not the eternal Dao; the name that can be named is not the eternal name."

Translation 2: "The Way that can be told is not the eternal Way; the name that can be named is not the eternal name. The named is the mother of all things." (This is a translation of the famous opening lines from the "Dao De Jing" by Laozi.)

行無行，名無名。事無事，名無名 Xíng wú xíng, míng wú míng. Shì wú shì, míng wú míng.

Translation 1: "The way that can be walked is not the eternal way; the name that can be named is not the eternal name."

Translation 2: "In action, there is no action; in naming, there is no naming. In affairs, there is no affair; in naming, there is no naming."

Winston Churchill's dictum "We shape our buildings, and afterwards our buildings shape us" reflects a profound understanding of the relationship between humans and their built environment. This concept suggests that while we initially design and construct buildings to serve specific purposes, over time, these structures profoundly influence how we live, work, and interact.

Here are a few tangible examples to illustrate this concept:

Churchill's insight into the reciprocal relationship between architecture and human behavior highlights the importance of thoughtful design in our built environment. It underscores the fact that the spaces we inhabit are not just passive settings but active participants in shaping our daily lives and societal norms.

hi

a very old principle of natural philosophy is that "Natura non facit saltus". More scientifically Darwinian paradigm states that a species always originate from another species through gradual changes. All the biological diversity thus appeared through gradual changes. However, as life is though, most of species are extinct. And this introduces discontinuity, at all the level of biodiversity. Your question can thus be answered only once time scale is given. Cheers

Jubilee Centre (Birmingham), Aretai Centre (Genoa), Center for the Study of Moral Development (Alabama), Human Flourishing Program/Center (Harvard), Practical Wisdom Centre (Chicago), Center for Research on Adolescence (Stanford), Singapore Centre for Citizenship and Character Education,  Civic Humanism Centre (University of Navarra, Spain), Program/Center for Leadership and Character (Wake Forest U.), Center for Character and Citizenship (St. Louis).  I would also mention the Institute for Advanced Studies in Culture (U. of Virginia), although it is more sociological than educational.

There are some universities that are very strong in this area but have not established formal centres, for example The University of Humanistic Studies (Utrecht, Holland).

Postmodern authors like Kurt Vonnegut in "Breakfast of Champions" and Milan Kundera in "The Unbearable Lightness of Being" introduce themselves as characters or narrators in their works.

In the Theater of the Absurd, playwrights like Samuel Beckett in "Krapp's Last Tape" and Eugène Ionesco in "Exit the King" incorporate elements of self-reflection and self-exploration through characters who bear similarities to the authors themselves

You wrote:

"Complex numbers are only introduced because the area "under the curve" of a function is defined to be negative. Defining an area to be negative results in square roots of negative numbers being necessary to work with unknown values of x and y resulting in the "negative" area. Any physical representation using complex numbers can use other methods that are more physically specific for the representation by modifying the function that represents the system."

In electrical engineering, we use complex numbers, fundamentally because with them, the differential equations that result from Maxwell's equations, can be reduced to simple algebraic equations, which simplify the solution of those equations, and that is for the remarkable property of Euler's Equation, to remain the same, with those operations that represent change, I mean integration and differentiation, and in fact, sqr(-1) is just a symbol, for differention, as it were, two different order of reality such as active power and reactive power in IE, or time and space, in the case of QM, as is shown, with Schrödinger's wave equation based on complex numbers; here is in fact the great incompatibility, between QM and GR, because GR was coinceived by using a set of "real equations" in which time was a kind of variable of the same sort as space.

Einstein never thought of using complex numbers, and here lies in a certain sense of even the incompatibility between ER and GR...the one for linear systems, and the second for rotational systems.

When we treat both ER and GR with complex numbers, there is no incompatibility anymore as I have shown in various paper, including that one The Principle of Synergy and Isomorphic Units. Or in my unplished book in spanish, Física, Semiótica y Ontología.

Anyway this is the point of view of an IE, that had the opportunity, to text the use of complex numbers, for solving the state of a system of interconnected nodes of that network that constitute the most complex system built by man, I mean the Power System, from which we all depends daily. Solving with a real time state Estimator, a complex system of multiple interconected nodes, certainly is the best proof that complex numbers are for real... there is a real need, in my humble opinion of real paradigm shift regarding the unfortunate use of complex numbers, for considering sqr(-1), an imaginary unit as was named by Descartes... it is a symbol for separating two different orders of reality, that cannot be reduced the one to the other just as time and space.

There are various methods and frameworks for measuring character development in students. One approach is to use surveys or questionnaires that assess specific character traits, such as perseverance, empathy, and honesty. These surveys can be self-reported by the students or given to those who know the students well, such as their teachers or parents.

Another approach is to use performance-based assessments, where students are given tasks or scenarios that require them to demonstrate specific character traits. For instance, students may be asked to work in teams to solve a complex problem, requiring them to show collaboration and communication skills.

Moreover, some researchers have proposed using a combination of both approaches, where character traits are both self-reported and measured through performance-based assessments.

Overall, measuring character development in students is a complex process that requires careful consideration of the specific traits to be measured and the methods used for assessment. However, by placing more emphasis on character development in addition to academic achievement, we can help to foster well-rounded individuals who are more likely to succeed in all aspects of their lives.

A 32-bit memory can store a total of 2^32 different values. However, the number of characters that can be stored in this memory depends on the encoding scheme used for the characters.

Assuming a common encoding scheme such as ASCII, which assigns each character a unique 8-bit binary code, a 32-bit memory can store up to 4 characters. This is because 4 characters each encoded with 8 bits would require a total of 32 bits of memory space.

However, if a different encoding scheme with larger or smaller character sizes is used, the number of characters that can be stored in a 32-bit memory would be different.

Qualitative analysis of characters in movies can be a challenging task. Here are some tips that may help you:

Some books that may be useful for your research include:

Good luck with your thesis!

Well you can try a conventional breeding strategy of crossing the plant with another one say white. If the next progeny remains red you can say it is a dominant gene. Or you can check the SSR responsible for it and start genotyping all the progenies.

Thank you so much, Saad! I found your response so helpful and will go ahead to experiment with both encoding types.

1. Bactrocera dorsalis has a distinctive V-shaped black band on the wing, whereas Bactrocera latifrons has a more diffuse and less distinct black band on the wing.

2. Bactrocera dorsalis has a dark, mostly black scutellum, while latifrons has a yellowish-brown scutellum with two dark spots.

3. In latifrons, the aculeus is shorter and stouter than that of dorsalis.

4. Dorsalis has a yellowish-brown body with dark bands on the abdomen, while latifrons has a darker body with less distinct banding.

But these characters are not always reliable in distinguishing. Molecular techniques may be usef for accurate identification. Additionally, it is important to consult with experts or use other resources to confirm the identification of the fruit fly species.

Each of your answers is a conclusion for me!

I think you will need to use your three-dimensional gear to defeat this bestial titan. What do you think about this ?

its because your access denied from windows firewall ! to solve: delete and install (recommended: another version of app) then allow access to firewall.

Dear Willy De Mattia ,

Qualitative methods potentially add depth to prevention research, but can produce large amounts of complex data even with small samples. Studies conducted with culturally distinct samples often produce voluminous qualitative data, but may lack sufficient sample sizes for sophisticated quantitative analysis. Currently lacking in mixed methods research are methods allowing for more fully integrating qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques. Cluster analysis can be applied to coded qualitative data to clarify the findings of prevention studies by aiding efforts to reveal such things as the motives of participants for their actions and the reasons behind counterintuitive findings. By clustering groups of participants with similar profiles of codes in a quantitative analysis, cluster analysis can serve as a key component in mixed methods research.

Regards,

Shafagat

Hi Christopher - thank you so much for the suggestions, and apologies for such a sluggish response. This is some good food for thought indeed. (Happy 2023!).

(The larynx is a beautiful place - its beauty needs to be visually promoted.)

When you group data in SQL, when you see the number “-9999”, you understand that this is an error in the data or they were not recorded. I immediately realized this when I worked with data on cotton and guayule(Matthew and Bronson).

Semantic segmentation is a technique used in image processing and computer vision to identify and classify different objects in an image. It is often used for image recognition tasks, such as character recognition. To use semantic segmentation for character recognition, you would first need to train a semantic segmentation model on a dataset of labeled images that include characters. This would involve feeding the model a large number of images, along with the corresponding labels for each image, so that it can learn to identify and classify different characters.

Once the model is trained, you can then use it to segment characters in new images. This involves providing the model with an input image and asking it to predict the labels for each pixel in the image. The model will then output a segmented image, with each pixel labeled according to the character it belongs to. This can be used to identify and recognize the different characters in the image.

One important thing to note is that semantic segmentation is not a perfect solution for character recognition, and it may not always be able to accurately identify and classify every character in an image. However, it can be a useful tool in certain situations, particularly when combined with other techniques, such as optical character recognition (OCR).

@Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University

This is only true for the specific cases of dual-phase steels. It is well tested for it and so on. Martensite in dual-phase steels will deliver much worse BC than ferrite. In the best case, martensite and ferrite have two separate distributions of BC. Take a look at these papers:

In your case, you showed us two ferrite grains. There will be ferrite grain BC distribution, lets say, around the value of 150 of BC with some spread related to different orientations and there will be another peak in BC distribution related to martensite at, let's say 90. Martensite in dual-phase steels has lower BC because the martensitic transformation is quite "violent" and there are more defects that are blurring the pattern.

I was intrigued by your question.

I would suggest that a mentor is someone who offers wisdom, insight and advice and also, a role-model who can connect their "mentee" with people in their networks. They credibly do this, through having sufficient experience which does take time to accumulate. That said, with people changing their jobs and career directions much more readily these days, age is probably not the determining factor - a younger person with sufficient experience could mentor an older person who has just moved to that field of work. The dynamic is reversed, if I understand what you're saying correctly, but differing generational attitudes will still be present. Regardless which way around the mentoring and age differentials are, each party will need to be aware and manage that dynamic for a successful mentoring outcome.

Good luck with your research.

Perhaps looking in the World Wide Web or by an Ukranian colleague.

Typability is the ability of a method to effectively characterize organism(s) deeper than species level; possible to subspecies and/or strain level without ambiguity. The method should be consistent even when handling large pool of organisms. Reliable methods with assured typability does not limit its focus on the anatomy of the organism as an organism with flagella can occasionally lose it, yet its identity remains (illustration: losing a leg does not stop a human from being human)

The publication supplementary materials might have the tree file. Or, you could contact the authors and request the .tre or nexus file.

Hi Bhargab,

It might be a parsing error, where either the variables or the 12*0.0 is not being processed properly. As a very simple first try I would put in the 48 actual numbers on the MAGMOM line, and see if VASP will accept those.

In any case there should be few common taxa. Any comparative method will address this overlapping part. I have used 2 methods: one is quartet-based. There are only 3 different topologies of a 4-leaves tree, thus one may count the ratio of similar quartets. Average ration or occasionally coinciding quartets is 1/3. If you have more, the trees are similar in the overlapping part. The other (seemingly more common) is based on phyletic distances between OTUs and is implemented in Python library ete3 (http://etetoolkit.org). Caution there: there is some format incompatibility in tree-drawing part on a linux/python-3.10 box. Hope they will fix it!

This how we define Transpersonal Leaders, the kind of leader we need for the 21st Century:

Transpersonal Leaders operate beyond their ego, continuing personal development and learning. They are radical, ethical and authentic while emotionally intelligent and caring.

They are able to:

• embed authentic, ethical and emotionally intelligent behaviours into the DNA of the organisation

• build strong, empathetic and collaborative relationships within the organisation and with all stakeholders

• create a Performance Enhancing Culture that is Ethical, Caring and Sustainable

Our acclaimed book, "Leading Beyond the Ego", takes the reader on a detailed journey of development to become a Transpersonal Leader. Also see www.leadershapeglobal.com - hope this helps. John

Pr. Kaijie Ewe 尤恺杰 :

The works by Greimas on narratology and by William Labov on narrative structure can show some light on that point. The tradition initiated by Ruth Berman and Dan Slobin, with children in different cultures, show how these abilities are developed through childhood.

Many works on literary theory are about how authors use language and discourse to create some image in readers and the idea of some stories, and Aidan Chambers show how it could be cultivated with children in schools in conversation on stories that they are reading. By other way, Jerome Bruner state that there is different functioning between analysis and narrative, that most of our daily way to think is facilitated using narrative formats. Even classic works on psychology and neuropsychology show that the memory on episodes tend to have a narrative organisation, different from the memory on concepts or the memory on procedures.

That would by my first answer to your question. Let me know if I am understanding your question in a correct way, please.

In addition to the above worthy suggestions, I suggest you pick one of the leading 20th-century classic crime novelists such as Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, Ross Macdonald, or John D. MacDonald. Then choose 3 – 5 novels^* that are either (1) most acclaimed or (2) have a recurring protagonist, e.g. Travis McGee or Phillip Marlowe, or (3) have film adaptations. Or etc. – i.e. some salient common feature(s) that link(s) your chosen novels.

^* Even if you concentrate on a few novels, you should still be prepared to refer to other works (including short stories) in the author's oeuvre.

I could not upload the file. So, if someone is interested in how the makers of BISAR solved the problem, please send me a request using the address Ad_Pronk@hotmail.com

I am really surprised to discover via your research that humour has realationship with other domains. However, I think that humour and sports are closely related in the fact that both of them remove stress within individuals. So, I think that humour can be a branch of sports.

There are many factors that may affect Entrepreneur. Successful entrepreneurs have a passion for what they do. They must be self-confident, have a vision, and also have characteristic adaptations.

Hi,

here is a link to an old paper of mine. It discusses pros and cons of different approaches up to 2010 or so.

Br, Kimmo

ENTREPRENEURSHIP , ENTREPRENOLOGY & ENTREPRENEURLOGY | Stefan Lindstrom | 2 updates | Research Project (researchgate.net)

Because the character of the person is the key to his way of living and his feeling of satisfaction, which in turn generates the inner conviction that makes him happy and thus creates the motivation to achieve his goals in life. My sincere gratitude to all.

Positive personality affects the brain and makes it work better in a positive mental state away from negativity and stress, and this generates a feeling of happiness. And the happier a person becomes, the more motivation he gains for success...My sincere gratitude to all.

The purpose of experiments with cells in culture is to simulate similar cellular processes in vivo. The transfer of patterns identified in vitro to the in vivo system is always problematic. The tolerances for such a transfer are obviously greater than those that have to be taken when working with cells that have been in "bad" conditions... Unless, of course, these bad conditions are associated with exposure to obvious mutagens or carcinogens.

B is the right answer.

IMMUNE CELLs, BEHAVIOR = EPIGENIC CHANGES, allostatic failure, allostatic overload

Someone asked a similar question here:

One example of software:

I wish I knew -- have just encountered this for the first time!

there are distance education platforms that allow you to create surveys and questionnaires, as well as the possibility of uploading subjects and courses, we use MOODLE, if you are interested I can help you

It depends on what your goal for the job is. If you have the morphometric data during the months, a comparison test can be done for a single species during the months of collection. However, I say and I repeat, it depends on your goal.

Check the package manual and example data.

Hello John; Are you old enough to remember Willi Hennig? Many of the Numerical Taxonomists were pretty sure that they had developed the most superior methodology. They were trying to overcome the problems caused by choosing "significant" characters. By their logic more characters would overwhelm poor choices of a few characters. And on and on... And anyway, what were the paleontologists supposed to do? I found the feud to be pretty tiring. Cheers, Jim Des Lauriers

Linkage and Pleiotropy refer to carrying over the pieces of information together. Though, the phenotypic state may change due to recombination among the genes in the case of linkage where two or more than two genes are located physically on the same chromosome. In the case of pleiotropy, the situation at the molecular level is different from those of linkage. We know that multiple traits affected by one factor is generally referred to as pleiotropy. In fact, there are very few examples quoted in a textbook on pleiotropic gene action. One very prominent example that I consider as an example of pleiotropic gene action is in dwarf varieties of wheat and rice. In fact, in both cases, the height of the tall and traditional varieties was reduced due to the deployment of height reducing gene (rht) from dwarf varieties Norin 10 and De Geo Woo Gen. Apart from the height of the plant, many other traits namely lodging tolerance, higher harvest index, responsive to fertilizer, flowering and maturity duration, and so many other traits were also modified drastically. Thus, height () is one of the examples of the pleiotropy gene and reduced height leads to changes in the expression of so many traits.

You are the first ever to get concern about the resulting length of an alignment. It is also strange to me because what ever you are trying to do and whatever you mean with the duplicated length, does not make any sense.

Why is there a need for a specific term for analysis of the protagonist? I don't understand why you require this?

Hi Abdelhafid Jabri , you could borrow appraoches from the social sciences (which are usually not applied to literary works but rather newspaper articles or interview data).

You could either pick methods of qualitative content analysis, where you would develop a coding sheme based on your philosophical theory and then fine-tune it inductively on your data, see, e.g.,

Software, that supports you nicely for such endevors would be MAXQDA or NVivo.

Or, if you want to treat your theory as relatively fixed, you test it in a purely deductive way and thus develop the coding scheme completely beforehand based on your theory and then apply quantitative content analysis to your novels.

This here is the go-to introduction to the quantitative approach:

Software supporting such an approach are the 'classical' statistics tools such as SPSS (or it's free dupe PSPP), STATA or R (if you want to go pro and start programming for your project).

Here's a nice example, where R was applied to analyzing not novels with philosophical theory but at least philosophical texts themselves. It might give you a good idea of what is possible with R:

Anyway, good luck with your project!

As to my understanding, both Bacteriastrum and Chaetoceros are members of the same family Chaetocerotaceae and therefore are related.

To qualify as an outgroup, a genus must must not be a member of the ingroup (Chaetoceros) + it must be related to the ingroup closely enough for meaningful comparisons. Usually, an appropriate outgroup must be unambiguously outside the clade of interest.

It does not means your selected outgroup is inappropriate but for my study I personally would either select a genus from another family which is related to Chaetocerotaceae but is not a member of it.

Passion to teach, Commitment, Hardworking, self-learner, and most imp patience

Look up java imputation methods like I did. You may have to add BEAGLE 4.1 to the Google query but think about how you might answer your own question. See the attachment for what I found.

. David Booth

Hi Dr Surendra Gopal K. . Please see the following RG link:

This might give you a clue, hopefully..

Good luck

Hi Lazaros Moysis ,

If you are considering only the ASCII characters from 32 to 127 the maximum Shannon-entropy is 7 bits. Actually your can represent every character (95) in log(95)/log(2)=6.569 bits. It means you will never have to use 7 bits to represent the actual entropy of an ASCII text. However I recommend to use always the whole ASCII table (256 different characters) to represent the entropy of any text. If you are using the standard 8-bits entropy scale, you can compare ASCII text, images, encrypted data. However if you are using the 7-bits scale as you mentioned it is make no sense to compare an encrypted AES output with standard ASCII text (because they are measured in different entropy scale).

You can represent everything in the standard 8-bits entropy scale , however this is not true for the 7-bits scale. For example If you are encrypting a message and represent the result using only 7 bits, it is misleading, because actually you have more than 7 bits of entropy.

Most of the programs (MATLAB, PARI/GP, ent built-in linux command) are using the 8-bit (2^8) standard entropy scale, because the result is comparable. (no matter what is the actual maximum entropy)

I hope this help you a little bit.

Regards,

Norbert