Cell Membrane - Science topic

Phytochlorins, a class of plant‐derived tetrapyrroles, show great potential as sonosensitizers in sonodynamic therapy (SDT). The development of new phytochlorin‐based sonosensitizers has significantly improved SDT, yet the absence of specialized sonodynamic systems limits their clinical translation. Herein, a dedicated ultrasound system along with...

The demonstration of the transformation process inEscherichia coli involves the uptake of foreign DNA, typically a plasmid carrying a selectable marker, into competent bacterial cells. This process is facilitated by either chemical treatment with calcium chloride followed by heat shock which enhance the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane....

Background SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, infiltrates the human body by binding to the ACE2 receptor in the respiratory system cell membranes, leading to severe lung tissue damage. An analog of ACE2, ACE1, has gained attention due to its well-known Deletion/Insertion (D/I) polymorphism, which seems to be associated with COVID-19...

Gelonin is a ribosome-inactivating protein with extreme intracellular toxicity but poor permeation into cells. Targeted disruption of cell membranes to facilitate gelonin entry is explored for cancer and tissue ablation. We demonstrate a hundreds- to thousands-fold enhancement of gelonin cytotoxicity by pulsed electric fields in the T24, U-87, and...

The presence of Hg²⁺ causes substantial stress to plants, adversely affecting growth and health by disrupting cell cycle divisions, photosynthesis, and ionic homeostasis. Accurate visualization of the spatiotemporal distribution of Hg²⁺ in plant tissues is crucial for the management of Hg pollution; however, the related research is still at its ear...

Planar cell polarity (PCP) is an evolutionarily conserved process for development and morphogenesis in metazoans. The well-organized polarity pattern in cells is established by the asymmetric distribution of two core protein complexes on opposite sides of the cell membrane. The Van Gogh-like (VANGL)-PRICKLE (PK) pair is one of these two key regulat...

The cytoskeleton is a crucial determinant of mammalian cell structure and function, providing mechanical resilience, supporting the cell membrane and orchestrating essential processes such as cell division and motility. Because of its fundamental role in living cells, developing a reconstituted or artificial cytoskeleton is of major interest. Here...

Propagation of membrane tension mediates mechanical signal transduction along surfaces of live cells and sets the time scale of mechanical equilibration of cell membranes. Recent studies in several cell types and under different conditions revealed a strikingly wide variation range of the tension propagation speeds including extremely low ones. The...

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have garnered considerable attention due to their remarkable efficacy in the treatment of various diseases. The COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine and RSV mRNA vaccine have been approved on the market. Due to the inherent nuclease‐instability and negative charge of mRNA, delivery systems are developed to protect the mRNA from d...

Membrane proteins often need to be inserted into or attached to the cell membrane to perform their functions. Understanding their transmembrane topology and conformational dynamics during insertion is crucial for elucidating their roles. However, it remains challenging to monitor nanoscale changes in the insertion depth of individual proteins in me...

Cephalic furrow (CF) is a transient epithelial invagination that forms during early gastrulation in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo. The initial stage of cephalic furrow formation (CFF) involves a shortening of initiator cells, generation of a localized asymmetric protrusion inwards, and then subsequent descent of cells into the yolk sac area. W...

Background: The precise correlation between blood grouping and the affinity of corona-virus for infection still is indecisive. Using blood grouping kits (ABO) the susceptibility of blood groupings to coronavirus pandemic was investigated in 894 patients from both genders (507 male and 387 female) positive victims admitted state hospitals and/or kep...

Cells are internally tensed, or prestressed, largely by actomyosin contractility. We hypothesized that nuclear shape is quantitatively predictable from cell shape since prestress couples them both. We trained machine learning models on a publicly available image database of the WTC-11 cell line and predicted shape modes of the nucleus with high acc...

In this work, a model for anisotropic interactions between proteins and cellular membranes is proposed for large-scale continuum simulations. The framework of the model is based on dynamic density functional theory, which provides a formalism to describe the lipid densities within the membrane as continuum fields while still maintaining the fidelit...

Membrane proteins often need to be inserted into or attached on the cell membrane to perform their functions. Understanding their transmembrane topology and conformational dynamics during insertion is crucial for elucidating their roles. However, it remains challenging to monitor nanoscale changes in insertion depth of individual proteins in membra...

Research on the explosive growth of Ferroptosis in the past decade. Ferroptosis is the way of cell death that causes lipid peroxidation, and there are a variety of inducers for Ferroptosis that can lead to a decrease in cell antioxidant capacity and the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species(ROS) of through multiple regulatory pathways, whic...

Lipids make up 10–20% of the human body and serve as crucial energy storage substances as well as essential components of cell membranes [...]

The brain is a lipid-rich organ, mainly due to the very high lipid content of myelin, but in addition to this, all the neuronal cell membranes, of which there are over 80 billion in the human brain [...]

Dietary restriction (DR) has been reported to be a significant intervention that influences lipid metabolism and potentially modulates the aging process in a wide range of organisms. Lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in the regulation of aging and longevity. In this review, we summarize studies on the significant role of lipid metabolism in agi...

Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic, commonly used as last resort treatment against multidrug resistant Gram-positive pathogens. Despite its clinical success, the mechanism through which daptomycin exerts its antibacterial properties has remained controversial. Much of the debate is focused around daptomycin’s ability to depolarise the cytoplasm...

Synthesis of two novel compounds (1a and 1b) derived from analogue of antheminone A (1c) and their evaluation of anti-cancer activities are hereby described. This synthesis involved a multi-step reaction sequence involving the use of natural product (-)-quinic acid (1d) and unsymmetrical dicoumarol (1e) as precursors (Figure 1). Unsymmetrical dicou...

Fractal geometry provides a novel mathematical description that fits the chaotic nature of different phenomena. It was demonstrated widely that the benefits of the unique properties of fractal analysis are limitless. the concept of fractal dimension provided a perfect treatment of data on the architecture or dynamics of a certain system. This work...

Plasmodium undergoes a sophisticated invasion process to enter red blood cells (RBCs), a critical step in its life cycle. The invasion process is intricately regulated and involves a series of well-coordinated events. Membrane compartmentalization and dynamics play a central role in this process. The parasite actively reorganizes its membranes and...

Correction for ‘Hybrid cell membranes camouflage liposomes containing payloads to improve breast cancer chemo and photodynamic therapy’ by Chengfang Wang et al. , Biomater. Sci. , 2024, 12 , 4980–4992, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4BM00772G.

Neurons have an ionic system with several types of ion pumps and ion channels on their membranes. Each ion pump creates a specific difference in ion concentration inside and outside the neuron, and the energy resulting from this difference in concentration is maintained inside the neuron as a resting potential. Each ion channel senses the necessary...

The mechanical, electrical, optical, thermal, and chemical characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are remarkable. The structure, synthesis, and manufacturing kinds of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are examined in this paper, along with their uses in drug delivery systems, namely in the treatment of cancer. CNTs are efficient nano-carriers for targete...

Electroporation ablation is a minimally invasive nonthermal ablation technology that is applied to tumor ablation therapy. Given the varied morphologies of tumor cells, when an electric field is applied to the cell membrane surface, the direction of the electric field produces various angles with normal to the tangential plane of the cell membrane....

Pyroptosis, also known as inflammatory necrosis, is a form of programmed cell death characterized by the activation of gasdermin proteins, leading to the formation of pores in the cell membrane, continuous cell swelling, and eventual membrane rupture. This process results in the release of intracellular contents, including pro-inflammatory cytokine...

Bats are considered natural hosts for numerous viruses. Their ability to carry viruses that cause severe diseases or even death in other mammals without falling ill themselves has attracted widespread research attention. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) forms heterodimers with TLR1 or TLR6 on cell membranes, recognizing specific pathogen-associated mole...

Chitosan, a chitin derivative, is the second most widely distributed abundant natural polymer. Over the last decade, the number of uses of chitosan and its derivatives has significantly increased. The availability of information on biocompatible and biological characteristics of chitosan makes it a potential bioactive substance for agriculture. To...

The dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) has a crucial role in maintaining cell membrane stability and integrity by connecting the intracellular cytoskeleton with the surrounding extracellular matrix1, 2–3. Dysfunction of dystrophin and its associated proteins results in muscular dystrophy, a disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness a...

Una forma sencilla de estudiar las propiedades de la membrana celular y su interacción con otras moléculas es mediante el uso de sistemas modelo con la misma estructura básica. Estos utilizan unos pocos componentes básicos que simulan las condiciones de la membrana plasmática y se han utilizado ampliamente para estudiar las propiedades de las membr...

With the development of nanosystems, they are gradually utilized to ameliorate diverse cancer therapies. Specifically for immunotherapy, most nanosystems are elaborately designed to initiate the self‐sustaining “cancer immunity cycle (CIC)” to elicit the immune response. However, owing to the highly complex circulatory environment, nanosystems may...

A nonlinear model, based on the area difference elasticity theory, has been developed to predict the sequence of stomatocyte–discocyte–echinocyte transformation in red blood cells. This model coarsely grains the cell membrane into a triangular network, accounting for the shear deformation of membrane skeleton, the area dilation, volume variation, b...

Nanopores offer significant advantages in biosensing. Conventional nanopore sensors require probe modification within the pore, and there are two major obstacles: inhomogeneity of probe modification within the pore, and distortion of the detection signal due to the uncontrollable dynamics of the target within the pore. Here, we constructed a cell‐s...

This study aimed to analyze the potential of phytochemicals linalool and citronellal against E. coli and S. aureus biofilms and to compare the results to sodium hypochlorite. We tested the minimal inhibitory concentration, bacterial cell reduction, respiratory chain dehydrogenase activity, cell membrane integrity, and biomass reduction. The results...

We describe a biophysical mechanism for animal magnetoreception, orientation and navigation in the geomagnetic field (GMF), based on the ion forced oscillation (IFO) mechanism in animal cell membrane voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) (IFO-VGIC mechanism). We review previously suggested hypotheses. We describe the structure and function of VGICs an...

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF) are widely used, with excellent clinical outcomes. However, their mechanism of action has not yet been completely understood. The purpose of this review is to describe current observations on the mechanisms of PEMF, together with its clinical efficacy. Osteoblast responsiveness to PEMF is described on several sc...

Cells undergo electroporation (EP) and electrodeformation (ED) under the influence of pulsed electric fields, with the location of these effects significantly influenced by the direction of the applied pulse electric field. Studies indicate that in U87-MG cells, EP primarily occurs along the central axis parallel to the electric field. At the same...

The atmosphere is a vast reservoir whose composition is constantly changing through human activities, and these changes can have significant health and environmental consequences. Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems that poses a constant threat to the health and quality of life of residents. Nanoparticles (NPs) are of...

The mechanically activated ion channel PIEZO1 confers mechanosensitivity to many cell types and is thus essential for numerous physiological processes triggered by mechanical cues. PIEZO1 channels assemble as propeller-shaped trimers, which supposedly undergo a transition from a curved conformational state into a flattened state upon mechanical act...

Accurate identification of soybean leaf diseases is essential to improving quality and yield. Aiming at the problem of insufficient data volume that may lead to model overfitting and low recognition ability, this paper proposes a hypergraph cell membrane computing network model for soybean disease identification (HcmcNet). The main components of Hc...

Metastasis in oncological diseases remains one of the main reasons for negative prognosis regarding treatment. Any new data on the biophysical and biochemical characteristics of circulating metastatic cells will help to develop a concept for antimetastatic therapy. In this study, we found a number of differences in the spectroscopic and morphologic...

Irreversible electroporation is a nonthermal ablation technique that uses a high-voltage electric current to create nanosized pores in the cell membrane of a malignant tumor, thus resulting in cell death. In recent years, an increasing number of clinical studies have shown that irreversible electroporation is a safe and effective treatment for pros...

CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator), a naturally occurring anion channel essential for numerous biological processes, possesses a positively charged ion conduction pathway within its transmembrane domain, which serves as the core module for promoting the movement of anions across cell membranes. In this study, we developed no...

With the help of methodological adaptations and suitable protein standards, mass spectrometry can determine the number of protein molecules per cell. This article describes recent developments in absolute protein quantification extending the method to analytically challenging proteins from the cell membrane or the extracellular medium. Finally, the...

Background/Objectives: Overall survival for patients with Stage 3 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains limited, with a median survival of 12 to 15 months. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a local tumor ablation method that induces cancerous cell death by disrupting cell membrane homeostasis. The DIRECT Registry study was designed to...

Lipids are the basic biological molecules in plants, serving as glycerolipids for cell membranes and triacylglycerols as an energy source. Fatty acids are the major components of plant lipids. Both lipids and fatty acids significantly influence rice quality. Recent studies, through genetic analysis, have made significant progress in uncovering the...

Acquired resistance to hormonal therapy, particularly enzalutamide (ENZ), remains a significant obstacle in the treatment of advanced bone metastatic prostate cancer. Here, it is demonstrated that under ENZ treatment, osteoblasts in the bone microenvironment secrete increased levels of extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), which affects surroundin...

Numerous nanoparticles have the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. such as Nanoparticles of gold and silver. It affects these microbes' cell membranes, which results in cell death .Aim of study the study aimed to find the difference between the influence of silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles on inhibit growth of...

During phagocytosis, the FcGR–IgG bond is thought to be necessary to promote cell-membrane extension as the zipper mechanism. However, does this zipper mechanism provide a spatial antigen discrimination capability that allows macrophages to selectively phagocytose only antigens, especially for clusters with a mixture of antigens and non-antigens? T...

Pyroptosis is a lytic and inflammatory form of gasdermin protein-mediated programmed cell death that is typically initiated by inflammasomes. The inflammasome response is an effective mechanism for eradicating germs and cancer cells in the event of cellular injury. The gasdermin family is responsible for initiating pyroptosis, a process in which ho...

Actin is the most abundant protein in eukaryotic cells. They form filamentous polymers that are organized in different ways within the cell to perform various functions. For instance, prominent parallel bundles of F-actins mediate the formation and dynamics of filopodia that are long, finger-like protrusions of cell membrane occurring in certain ce...

Polymersomes are synthetic vesicles that mimic the architecture of cellular compartments such as the cell membrane and organelles. These biomimetic compartments facilitate the creation of cell‐like chemical systems, including microreactors and synthetic organelles. However, the construction of hierarchical multi‐compartment systems remains challeng...

Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory programmed cell death, and is activated by pathogen infections or endogenous danger signals. The canonical pyroptosis process is characterized by the inflammasome (typically NLRP3)-mediated activation of caspase-1, which in turn cleaves and activates IL-1β and IL-18, as well as gasdermin D, which is a pore-formi...

Cellular nanoparticles (CNPs), which refer to nanoparticles coated with natural cell membranes, are promising for neutralizing pathological agents. Here, we use CNPs as a medical countermeasure against the infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants in an animal model. CNPs comprise polymeric cores coated with the plasma membranes of human macrophages. The re...

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists are antidiabetic drugs that possess a suppressive effect on the progression of atherosclerosis, and it has been thought that their anti‐inflammatory effect is involved in their effect, but the detailed mechanism was unknown. Recently, Ben Nasr and colleagues have proposed easily understood mechanism...

It remains a mystery why nature evolved the unique structural characteristics of GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) and continues to sustain the complex, energy-intensive process of synthesizing these proteins. GPI-APs, despite their small size, rely on the coordinated activity of nearly 30 genes for their synthesis and remodeling, raising important e...

Potassium ion channels play a fundamental role in regulating cell membrane repolarization, modulating the frequency and shape of action potentials, and maintaining the resting membrane potential. A growing number of studies have indicated that dysfunction in potassium channels associates with the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. However, t...

Staphylococcus aureus, a versatile human pathogen, poses a significant challenge in healthcare settings due to its ability to develop antibiotic resistance and form robust biofilms. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying the antibiotic resistance is crucial for effective infection treatment and control. This comprehensive review delves i...

The mechanosensitive ion channels Piezo 1 and 2 induce a curved protein-membrane nanodome that flattens with increasing membrane tension γ. The tension-induced flattening of the nanodome is associated with Piezo activation and driven by the energy γΔ A where Δ A is the excess area of the curved nanodome relative to its planar projected area. Based...

All cells are encapsulated by a lipid membrane that facilitates their interactions with the environment. How cells manage diverse mixtures of lipids, which dictate membrane property and function, is experimentally challenging to address. Here, we present an approach to tune and minimize membrane lipid composition in the bacterium Mycoplasma mycoide...

The bacterial cell membrane primarily houses lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins forming a barrier and interface that maintains cellular integrity, supports homeostasis, and senses environmental changes. Compared to lipid components and excreted secondary metabolites, compounds embedded in the producer cell membrane are often overlooked due to thei...

In this paper, the active substances of bactericides and the mechanisms of their action are considered. Information on the mechanism of bacterial adsorption to the metal surface, which forms the most corrosive form of bacterial colonies – the adhered one – is presented. Methods of biological contamination control, both physical and chemical, are al...

Background: Inflammation is caused by an excess of Sodium ions inside the cell. This generates a variation in the cell’s membrane electric potential, becoming a steady state from a thermodynamic viewpoint. Methods: This paper introduces a thermodynamic approach to inflammation based on the fundamental role of the electric potential of the cell memb...