Science topic
Causality - Science topic
The relating of causes to the effects they produce. Causes are termed necessary when they must always precede an effect and sufficient when they initiate or produce an effect. Any of several factors may be associated with the potential disease causation or outcome, including predisposing factors, enabling factors, precipitating factors, reinforcing factors, and risk factors.
Publications related to Causality (10,000)
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En el ámbito del derecho administrativo colombiano, la interacción entre los ciudadanos y las autoridades administrativas se regula mediante diversos mecanismos que garantizan la transparencia, la participación y la protección de los derechos individuales, por lo que, se analizan ciertos conceptos y procedimientos, resaltando su importancia en el m...
In recent times, the globe has gone through a terrible period because of the enormous global spread of COVID-19. This has led to intolerable levels of economic decline, unemployment, and inflation. Countries are still struggling hard to get back to normal. BRICS countries are also not exceptions to this situation. In this context, the present chapt...
Session 209: Celts of the East: A Methodological Approach to Understanding Celtic Presence in the Danubian Area __________________________________________________________ In the history of research on Celtic Europe, southeastern Europe-particularly the Danubian regions-holds a place of primary importance. It was these "Celts of the East" who attack...
Training and development of human resources within the human resource management system not only play a crucial role in increasing employees’ knowledge and skills but also contribute to improving organizational efficiency and effectiveness and adapting to environmental pressures. The primary reason for developing employees’ knowledge and skills lie...
Campaign messages are often issued by government and international agencies to persuade the public to adopt certain standpoints or take actions related to public issues. However, there is a paucity of empirical research investigating how to improve the messages to increase adoption—from an information and argumentation perspective. This study devel...
The aim of the study is to examine the determinants of quality of life in some African countries using carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions and health expenditures. For this purpose, annual data for the period 2000-2019 were considered for 20 African countries, and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator was used in the analysis. In the study,...
Il est nécessaire, pour les chercheurs, de s'assurer que le fruit de leur recherche soit vrai. Cependant, la notion de validité n'est ni bien comprise ni systématiquement faite dans la science de la conception, ce qui résulte en le développement et l'évaluation d'artefacts (modèles, méthodes, exemplifications et théories) pour résoudre des problème...
Digital start-ups leverage the power of large datasets, cloud computing, and digital technology-driven platforms to maintain a competitive edge in the entrepreneurial landscape. As a result, digital technology is a crucial tool for creating successful digital businesses. However, our knowledge of the causal interplay in digital start-up development...
While main goal of stimulus packages is to boost economic activity after a crisis, they may also affect environmental outcomes. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether incorporating green components into such packages affects the environment and to identify whether any effects are only temporary or affect countries’ trajectories towards a s...
Motivation can be key to creating commitment and ownership among employees in the innovation processes that lead to the creation of new products and services. Research in the last 20 years has sought to better understand the factors that can explain innovation, including motivation. When competition increases, knowledge of what motivates employees...
As a national high-stakes test of English proficiency, MSRT needs further scrutiny of reliability. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate different sources of variation that may impact the MSRT test-takers’ reading comprehension. Accordingly, some factors including the reading topics, item types, and participants’ general proficiency were del...
Although the National Immunization Program is one of Brazil’s most important health interventions, vaccination coverage has declined, requiring resumption strategies. Microplanning is a low-cost technology adopted in Latin American countries. It applies to local realities, which enab les reorganizing immunization work processes with the participati...
In recent decades, we have witnessed the democratization of AI-powered Educational Technology (AI-EdTech). However, despite the increased accessibility and evolving technological capabilities, its adoption is accompanied by significant challenges, predominantly rooted in social and psychological aspects. At the same time, limited research has been...
The recently published article by Gao et al identifies risk factors for anxiety and depression in patients with diabetic retinopathy. We supplement that there is pathophysiological evidence to show a complex and possibly bidirectional relation between diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and mood disorders, especially depression. Longitudinal studies ma...
Self-determination theory is one of the most established motivational theories both within second language learning and beyond. This theory has generated several mini-theories, namely: organismic integration theory, cognitive evaluation theory, basic psychological needs theory, goal contents theory, causality orientations theory, and relationships...
The UK Biobank study has produced thousands of brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) collected from more than 40,000 genotyped individuals so far, facilitating the investigation of genetic and imaging biomarkers for brain disorders. Motivated by efforts in genetics to integrate gene expression levels with genome-wide association studies (GWASs),...
This presentation slide was prepared during my fifth semester for the course titled "Crop Diseases and Their Management" (PLP 302) as a part of assignment.
Recent developments in physics, information theory, and complex systems science suggest that reality's fundamental architecture can be fruitfully modeled as an intricate network of informational relationships. This perspective posits that physical entities and phenomena emerge from the underlying connectivity and processing of information within th...
Quantum theory lives in abstract, complex, linear Hilbert space, is unitary and non-dissipative, and has been shown not to be embeddable in spacetime for N ≥ 2 quantum entities. It is per definition unobservable (in itself). Classical physics describes the causal, nonlinear dynamics of actual events, which lie in, and also define, four-dimensional...
There have been few studies examining the connection between dietary riboflavin intake and stroke. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of stroke and the association between dietary riboflavin intake and stroke in the United States population. Participants in this extensive, cross‐sectional study were drawn from the National Health and Nutrition...
Considering the increasing importance of imported capital goods in the developing economy's manufacturing sector, our empirical study explores the relationship between imported capital goods, inflation, financial development, trade openness, and manufacturing output in Bangladesh using data from 1991 to 2022. The econometric analyses utilize the au...
This study explores how the financial market environment reshapes corporate social responsibility using a quasi-natural experiment provided by China’s New Asset Management Regulation. Our research focuses on the adaptive strategies of non-financial firms in response to stringent financial market regulation, and we use a generalized DID model to ide...
Multiple-mediator analyses with clustered data are common in educational and behavioral sciences, but limited methods exist to assess the causal mediation effects via each of multiple mediators. In this study, we extend the multiply robust method to make inferences on the causal mediation effects for two mediators with clustered data. The developed...
We explore the long-term impact of railway infrastructure on air pollution by examining Japan’s railway network expansion over a 25-year period. Using Difference-in-Differences, regression analysis with market access, and instrumental variables strategies, we identify a causal link between railway development and improved air quality. Our findings...
Background
The cardiometabolic index (CMI), initially devised as a diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus, has evolved into a composite biomarker for evaluating metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk. In order to shed light on any possible interactions between sarcopenia and CMI, this study will look at the relationship between the two....
Failures of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can lead to property damage and casualties, making it imperative to preemptively diagnose failures. Most existing methods do not adequately address the temporal consistency of flight sequence data and often overlook the issue of data imbalance among various fault types. To address these shortcomings, this p...
This paper directly challenges the recent NAD⁺ hypothesis, which reduces TSW to mitochondrial overactivity and offers metabolic dampening as a solution. While NAD⁺ elevation is measurable, it is not causal — it is a residue of deeper failure. Our model reframes TSW as a systemic collapse of terrain integrity, driven by the failure of neuroimmune re...
This paper uses data from polling in US Swing states to evaluate the correlation between a states affiliation towards the Democratic or republican party and how it affects their CCPM recycling rate. Across the board of top CCPM recycling states, 17 of the states are democratic states, with only one being a republican state (being at number 20). On...
Impulsivity has been proposed as a key driver of obesity. However, evidence linking impulsivity and obesity has relied on the study of individual factors, with limited account for the urban attributes of obesogenic environments. Here, we investigate the relationship between obesity and impulsivity through urban scaling and causal discovery. For 915...
To elucidate the genetic etiology of hearing impairment (HI) in South Africa, 45 nonsyndromic HI (NSHI) and syndromic HI (SHI) families with ≥ 2 affected members were analyzed. Exome and sanger sequencing were used to identify causal genes. For NSHI, 14 of 24 families segregated variants in NSHI genes, that is, CDH23, GJB2, MITF, MYO7A, MYO15A, PCD...
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the foundation of Nepal's economy, but their competitive strategies significantly impact their success. The primary goal of this research is to investigate the effects of cost leadership and focus strategy on the performance of SMEs in Nepal. To address this, the study examined whether implementing cost...
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are globally pervasive, encompassing abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction before age 18, with enduring consequences for both physical and mental health. Recent studies further indicate that ACEs are a significant risk factor in the onset, development, and exacerbation of Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). However...
Quantum nonlocality-the phenomenon whereby entangled particles exhibit correlations instantaneously across spatial separations-challenges classical notions of locality and causality. Traditional quantum mechanics accommodates nonlocal effects without specifying an underlying medium or mechanism. The meta-vacuum framework offers a novel ontological...
Stöltzner coined the expression ‘Vienna indeterminism’ to describe a philosophical tradition centered on the Viennese physicist Exner, serving as the ‘historical link’ between Mach and Boltzmann, on the one hand, and von Mises and Frank, on the other. During the early 1930s debate on quantum mechanics, there was a ‘rapprochement’ between Vienna ind...
Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is a significant research area in remote sensing with a wide range of application scenarios. Recently, numerous HSI classification methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Transformers have demonstrated promising classification performance. However, these methods demonstrate insufficient cap...
Purpose
The goal of this study was to investigate how face masks influenced the acoustic features of Chinese running speech in both temporal and spectral domains and how the intelligibility of the speech with face masks was affected in quiet and multitalker babbles. The relationship between the acoustic features and speech intelligibility was also...
This article introduces the Ilefos model — a coherence-based framework for unifying quantum and cosmological physics. Instead of treating force as fundamental, the model proposes five interacting energy types that give rise to structure, gravity, and field dynamics through resonance and energetic architecture.
It offers causal explanations for dark...
Drought tolerance of tree species is a concern in the context of climate change, and tree ring analyses can be used to assess past growth response(s), to drought events. In the current study, we applied this approach to 1281 individuals with known pedigree in long‐term genetic test plantations of lodgepole pine in western Canada. We assessed resist...
This autoethnography unearths my reflections to unravel the unpredictable journey from a reluctant student to an English language teacher still striving for professional efficacy. Born into a lower middle-class family in Nepal’s far western hills near the Indian border, I saw no reason to study English—or anything—amid a context of agricultural feu...
Language model (LM) agents are increasingly used as autonomous decision-makers who need to actively gather information to guide their decisions. A crucial cognitive skill for such agents is the efficient exploration and understanding of the causal structure of the world -- key to robust, scientifically grounded reasoning. Yet, it remains unclear wh...
The interpretation of quantum measurements remains contested between collapse-based frameworks like the Copenhagen Interpretation and no-collapse approaches like the Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI). We propose the Branched Hilbert Subspace Interpretation (BHSI) as a minimalist alternative that preserves unitarity while avoiding both wavefunction c...
Background
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) has received increasing attention for its role in the development and maintenance of generalized anxiety. However, little is known about the temporal and causal relationships between IU and generalized anxiety, particularly in adolescents. Furthermore, much of the existing literature treats IU and generali...
The genetic architecture underlying traits related to Human Musculoskeletal System Aging (MSA) remains largely unexplored. In this study, we conducted a large‐scale multivariate genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of MSA utilizing Genomic Structural Equation Modeling (Genomic SEM). We estimated causal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associa...
A brief introduction to causal loop diagramming with an application to a case study.
Настоящият доклад изследва философските концепции за случайност (chance) и причинност (causality), техните исторически трансформации и съвременни интерпретации. Разгледани са различни философски традиции и начините, по които те концептуализират тези фундаментални понятия. Анализът включва класически и съвременни философски перспективи, както и взаи...
Choice behaviour of animals is characterized by two main tendencies: taking actions that led to rewards and repeating past actions1,2. Theory suggests that these strategies may be reinforced by different types of dopaminergic teaching signals: reward prediction error to reinforce value-based associations and movement-based action prediction errors...
Bell's theorem states that no model that respects Local Causality and Statistical Independence can account for the correlations predicted by quantum mechanics via entangled states. This paper proposes a new approach, using backward-in-time conditional probabilities, which relaxes conventional assumptions of temporal ordering while preserving Statis...
This article examines the five inductive methods proposed by John Stuart Mill, the prominent 19th-century philosopher, which have played a significant role in shaping empirical logic. These methods-namely the Method of Agreement, the Method of Difference, the Joint Method of Agreement and Difference, the Method of Residues, and the Method of Concom...
Fish swimming together in schools interact via multiple sensory pathways, including vision, acoustics and hydrodynamics, to coordinate their movements. Disentangling the specific role of each sensory pathway is an open and important question. Here, we propose an information-theoretic approach to dissect interactions between swimming fish based on t...
![Figure 2. R1-reinforcing loop [Source: Elaborated by the author].](profile/Fuat-Emre-Kaya/publication/391765780/figure/fig2/AS:11431281440536837@1747306773508/R1-reinforcing-loop-Source-Elaborated-by-the-author_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 3. Stock-flow diagram [Source: Elaborated by the author].](profile/Fuat-Emre-Kaya/publication/391765780/figure/fig3/AS:11431281440536842@1747306797469/Stock-flow-diagram-Source-Elaborated-by-the-author_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 4. Final system dynamics model [Source: Elaborated by the author].](profile/Fuat-Emre-Kaya/publication/391765780/figure/fig4/AS:11431281440623222@1747306823841/Final-system-dynamics-model-Source-Elaborated-by-the-author_Q320.jpg)
The building sector holds significant potential to mitigate climate change by adopting the circular economy. However, its transition is impeded by fragmented stakeholder engagement arising from complex socio-organisational dynamics. To address this, this article adopted the system dynamics (SD) modelling tool, which enables structured visualisation...
Every emission of radiation in gravity also includes a non-wave-like component that leaves a permanent change in proper distances of the spacetime it travels through. This phenomenon is known as gravitational displacement memory. Building up on a recently developed computation framework that harnesses Isaacson's insights on a fundamental definition...
initial genetic structure of a successful invasive population depends on several factors, including effective population size of the introduction event(s), the genetic diversity of the source population(s) and the number of founding sources (Stepien et al., 2002). However, data concerning the molecular genetic structure of nonindigenous populations...
Risk refers to a situation with potential loss or the chance of a loss. Every stage in the construction process inevitably carries potential risk hazards that can threaten the safety of workers, the environment, and the surrounding community. Therefore, a study was conducted to analyse possible risks during mobilising heavy equipment and material v...
Prescriptive Process Monitoring (PresPM) is an emerging area within Process Mining, focused on optimizing processes through real-time interventions for effective decision-making. PresPM holds significant promise for organizations seeking enhanced operational performance. However, the current literature faces two key limitations: a lack of extensive...
The origins of “wolf warrior diplomacy” have been a focus of studies on Chinese diplomacy in the Xi Jinping era. Building on existing research that emphasizes its foreign origins, our study zooms into a micro-level factor: aggressive journalistic questioning. We investigate the linguistic and interactional dynamics between foreign media and the Chi...
This paper proposes a causal discovery method for mixed bivariate data consisting of one continuous and one discrete variable. Existing constraint-based approaches are ineffective in the bivariate setting, as they rely on conditional independence tests that are not suited to bivariate data. Score-based methods either impose strong distributional as...
Despite recent advances in video understanding, the capabilities of Large Video Language Models (LVLMs) to perform video-based causal reasoning remains underexplored, largely due to the absence of relevant and dedicated benchmarks for evaluating causal reasoning in visually grounded and goal-driven settings. To fill this gap, we introduce a novel b...
Socioeconomic status (SES) influences physical and mental health, however its relation with brain structure is less well documented. Here, we examine the role of SES on brain structure using Mendelian randomisation. First, we conduct a multivariate genome-wide association study of SES using educational attainment, household income, occupational pre...
Interannual forecasts provide skilful predictions of El Niño-Southern oscillation (ENSO) up to a year in advance, however our understanding of what drives the ensemble skill and diversity of outcomes across members is limited. Using a fully coupled ocean–atmosphere ensemble forecasting system, we investigate the causality of regional perturbations...
We find that common ownership among acquirers enhances rather than hinders competition in the firm sale process. One common owner raises the likelihood that target firms are sold through auction (vs. negotiation with one buyer) by 21.5%. The effect is causal according to identifications based on mergers between financial institutions. Exploring eco...
Climate change detection and attribution (D&A) is concerned with determining the extent to which anthropogenic activities have influenced specific aspects of the global climate system. D&A fits within the broader field of causal inference, the collection of statistical methods that identify cause and effect relationships. There are a wide variety o...
Causal AI is an emerging field within AI. It goes beyond correlations to understand causal relationships and it
aims to build AI systems that can reason about the world by understanding how actions lead to consequences. Causal AI is
based on the concept of causality and the mathematics of causal inference, which require sufficiently strong and accu...
Human genetics holds great potential for drug discovery, but challenges in identifying causal genes limit its clinical translation. Pleiotropy, the phenomenon where genetic variants or genes influence multiple traits, has been previously used to explain clinical associations between diseases and propose drug repurposing opportunities. However, its...
Network interference occurs when treatments assigned to some units affect the outcomes of others. Traditional approaches often assume that the observed network correctly specifies the interference structure. However, in practice, researchers frequently only have access to proxy measurements of the interference network due to limitations in data col...
The increase in crime rates in developed and developing countries causes attention to
be turned into this field. Whether the notion of crime is related to economic variables
has been discussed for many years. Economic structure, poverty, unemployment, wage,
inequality in income distribution and education level are among the determinant factors
of c...
Scientific articles, for instance in the field of astrophysics, are often filled with a variety of images. In philosophical studies, these images are usually analyzed in terms of their function within the scientific argument presented in the article. However, not all images that can be found in astrophysical articles are relevant to the scientific...
Background
Previous studies have examined the cellular and molecular interactions between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and PANoptosis, yet the genetic underpinnings remain unclear.
Materials
Data at the summary level regarding the methylation, gene expression, and protein levels associated with PANoptosis were obtained from quantitative trait locu...
The true causal relationship between pancreas divisum (PD) and pancreatitis is underexplored. Through this study, we aim to determine the prevalence and type of PD, and its association with idiopathic pancreatitis.
We retrospectively reviewed all magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographies (MRCPs) done in our center over 6 months (n = 2,762) for...
We present a (proto) Foundation Model for Nuclear Physics, capable of operating on low-level detector inputs from Imaging Cherenkov Detectors at the future Electron Ion Collider. To address limitations in existing next-token prediction approaches-namely resolution loss from VQ-VAE tokenization and lack of conditional generation-we propose three key...
Generalization in reinforcement learning (RL) remains a significant challenge, especially when agents encounter novel environments with unseen dynamics. Drawing inspiration from human compositional reasoning -- where known components are reconfigured to handle new situations -- we introduce World Modeling with Compositional Causal Components (WM3C)...
In this article, we propose a business ethics-inspired approach to address the distribution dimension of responsibility gaps introduced by general-purpose AI models, particularly large language models (LLMs). We argue that the pervasive deployment of LLMs exacerbates the long-standing problem of "many hands" in business ethics, which concerns the c...
Purpose
Past literature reveals strong country-of-origin effects in corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting. The purpose of this study is to examine whether use of multiple CSR frameworks/standards/guidelines (hereafter, CSR pronouncements) mitigates this, that is, promotes harmonisation of CSR reporting.
Design/methodology/approach
A samp...
Involving only the measurements of commuting observables (the setting and the corresponding solution of the problem), quantum algorithms should be subject to classical logic. Under this assumption, their customary quantum description can be flunked by a classical logic description. This creates a new perspective under which to see them. The classic...
This research aimed to better understand the impact of a mother's work on girls' and boys' school progression at the end of primary school in Senegal. The observed correlations between a child's educational success and the mother's labor market involvement may not indicate causation but could instead result from other shared factors influencing bot...
The use of large language models (LLMs) as feature enhancers to optimize node representations, which are then used as inputs for graph neural networks (GNNs), has shown significant potential in graph representation learning. However, the fundamental properties of this approach remain underexplored. To address this issue, we propose conducting a mor...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of verbal bullying
among adolescents in Aceh, Indonesia.
METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 264 adolescents in the Aceh Besar
district of Indonesia from June to August 2024. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to
ensure repres...
El presente trabajo analizó la aplicación de la octava causal de admisión de la Acción Extraordinaria de Protección contenida en el artículo 62 de la Ley Orgánica de Garantías Jurisdiccionales y Control Constitucional, concretamente en lo que refiere a los asuntos de relevancia y trascendencia nacional y su relación con los tipos de jurisprudencia...
Background:
Falls among middle- and older-aged adults are a significant public health concern. However, a holistic understanding of how different indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP) are associated with falls is lacking, particularly for SEP across the life course.
Methods:
We systematically searched for observational studies analysing the as...
S. Plasma lipids in circulation are integral to the physiopathological processes of the ovary and may impact the development of various ovarian conditions, including ovarian cancer (OC). This study utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization method to examine the causal link between changes in 179 plasma lipid groups and ovarian cancer (OC) to ga...
Before applying a nonparametric model such as a generalized additive model (GAM), it is natural to ask whether a simpler parametric model suffices to capture the variation in the data. To address this fundamental question, we propose a new methodology named Test for Arbitrary Parametric Structure (TAPS), which provides estimation and inference tool...
Despite over 13 billion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses administered globally, persistent post-vaccination symptoms, termed post-COVID-19 vaccine syndrome (PCVS), resemble post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Symptoms like cardiac, vascular, and neurological issues often emerge shortly after vaccination and persist for months to years, mirroring PASC....
Based on a variational formalism we argue that the wave function has the same ontological status as the electromagnetic field, thus it is conjectured that all interactions in nature (gravitational, strong and weak nuclear) have the same ontological status as the wave function. One then can deduce that the only possible determinism in nature is dete...
It remains debated how well any LM understands natural language or generates reliable metalinguistic judgments. Moreover, relatively little work has demonstrated that LMs can represent and respect subtle relationships between form and function proposed by linguists. We here focus on a particular such relationship established in recent work: English...
Predicting the future citation rates of academic papers is an important step toward the automation of research evaluation and the acceleration of scientific progress. We present $\textbf{ForeCite}$, a simple but powerful framework to append pre-trained causal language models with a linear head for average monthly citation rate prediction. Adapting...
In observational causal inference, it is common to encounter multiple adjustment sets that appear equally plausible. It is often untestable which of these adjustment sets are valid to adjust for (i.e., satisfies ignorability). This discrepancy can pose practical challenges as it is typically unclear how to reconcile multiple, possibly conflicting e...
A bang-bang (BB) algorithm prepares the ground state of a lattice quantum many-body Hamiltonian $H=H_1+H_2$ by evolving an initial product state alternating between $H_1$ and $H_2$. We optimize the algorithm with tensor networks in one and two dimensions. The optimization has two stages. In stage one, a shallow translationally-invariant circuit is...
We show that productivity at both the firm and employee (i.e., analyst and inventor) level temporarily declines upon announcements of takeover rumors that do not materialize. Such speculative news may hurt productivity because uncertainty and the threat of job loss cause anxiety, distraction, and reduced commitment among employees and managers. Con...
The integration of large language models (LLMs) into drug design is gaining momentum; however, existing approaches often struggle to effectively incorporate three-dimensional molecular structures. Here, we present Token-Mol, a token-only 3D drug design model that encodes both 2D and 3D structural information, along with molecular properties, into d...
This paper introduces a novel framework that unifies quantum field theory (QFT) and general relativity (GR) through the emergence of a staged scalar field. Rather than ψ quantizing gravity or geometrizing quantum mechanics, the-emergence model reframes ψ spacetime, matter, and causality as structured stages in an informational resolution process. T...
The development of ecological specialty industries has emerged as a research priority in recent years. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research that has examined the impact of the interconnection between ecological specialty industries and farmers' livelihoods. To investigate the causal relationship between the local vine tea industry and farme...
Telling apart the cause and effect between two random variables with purely observational data is a challenging problem that finds applications in various scientific disciplines. A key principle utilized in this task is the algorithmic Markov condition, which postulates that the joint distribution, when factorized according to the causal direction,...
In competitive organizations and projects, assessing risks related to human capital is essential for improving workplace conditions and ensuring project success. This study evaluates primary, secondary, and residual human capital risks in urban water transfer projects using an innovative hybrid DEMATEL-MARCOS approach. The DEMATEL method was employ...
This article argues that the ruling Georgian Dream party promoted populist-conservative discourse to set value borders with the European Union (EU). The populist rhetoric denounces the liberal project of Europe as inconsistent with the traditional-conservative and Orthodox-religious values of Georgia and synchronises its policy with the populist-co...
Although the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and banking performance has been the subject of several articles, the non-linear relationship between CSR disclosure and banking efficiency remains less explored, specifically in the Islamic banking sector and notably in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. Moreover, the...
Structural causal models (SCMs), with an underlying directed acyclic graph (DAG), provide a powerful analytical framework to describe the interaction mechanisms in large-scale complex systems. However, when the system exhibits extreme events, the governing mechanisms can change dramatically, and SCMs with a focus on rare events are needed. We propo...
Introduction
As a new enterprise development model, digitalization is an important driver for improving energy efficiency and can provide carbon reduction services across the entire chain.
Methods
In this study, we utilize the panel data of relevant listed firms from 2009 to 2022 to investigate the causal impact of digital transformation on corpor...
We propose a set of causal estimands that we call “the mediated probabilities of causation.” These estimands quantify the probabilities that an observed negative outcome was induced via a mediating pathway versus a direct pathway in a stylized setting involving a binary exposure or intervention, a single binary mediator, and a binary outcome. We ou...
