Cattle Diseases - Science topic

Please take a look at the following RG link and PDF attachment.

Could you please explain it in English. Thank you

Dear Lucinda Cole,

I am sorry to tell you that the information given in the "document" provided by Sunday Aderoju Olabi Dada are part of the biased anti-dairy vegan propaganda, and can not be considered as trustworthy. Furthermore, the document does not address pus producing bacteria.

Dr. G.V. Deshmukh was most likely not referring to a specific disease, but just generally to meat from animals with purulent infections. In meat inspection, every animal showing large abscesses and/or extended purulent infections in organs must undergo a bacteriological meat inspection before being cleared for consumption.

The most common purulent agent that can induce a food poisoning is staphylococcus spp. (producing thermostable enterotoxins), particularly staph. aureus.

Other pus-producing bacteria species that can lead to food-borne diseases are streptococcus spp., other coccus spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli and mycobacterium tuberculosis/bovis.

I hope this helps.

Strychnine toxicity is not very common in cattle, but when it occurs all visceral organs and tissues have the toxic dose (the kidney, liver and blood have higher concentrations) 48 hours after poisoning. Since the residues of this poison is virtually in all tissues/organ, I strongly oppose the consumption of such meat.

I am not sure. 

In the 1980ies we used in Israel a feed through insecticide, Rabon with the active ingredient tetrachlorovirnphos. It was aimed to kill larvae of houseflies, stable flies etc.. I found that this insecticide reduced a lot the breeding of Culicoides imicola. Any how this insecticide is banned for use in Israel.

From an epidemiological view point, and for major infectious diseases, no.

Dear Hujaz,

this review should be ok

BUFFALOES' REPRODUCTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE TRAITS AS  AFFECTED BY HEAT STRESS by  I.F.M. Marai * and A.A.M. Habeeb**

best regards

Martino

It would be helpful if you describe the situation in some more detail.Are the 188  in a single herd or multiple herds - what is the nature of their contact?

If there is a complex structure you may need to be aware of these models as well as the two-level repeated measures of occasion (at level1) nested in cows (at level 2).

There is an example in the following  of salmonella in chickens in different flocks (nut no time)

These models are not for the beginner; consulting with a biostatistician would be helpful.

thanks.

Both S.aureus and   other pathogens, ( E. coli; Str. uberis, etc.) are very important bacteria  causing mastitis and their patogenity might be favourized by oculte viral infections that decrease immunity, like BVD and also by any stressfull conditions. Endometritis is a source of infection

Protothecal mastitis reports are increasing.

Subclinical hypocalcemia decrease the tonus of mamelonar sphincter facilitating the colonization with fecal germs

Follicular cysts are generally over diagnosed in Vet practice with cows.  Mainly because a typical follicle wave lasts for 7-10 days and if you find a large follicle on an ovary today and go back and scan again in one week and find another large follicle on the same ovary then they are often incorrectly diagnosed as cystic.  The true incidence of follicle cysts in dairy cows is probably about 1-2% of cows.  They cause temporary infertility because while they are physiologically active (ie secreting oestradiol) they block subsequent follicle waves from emerging (negative effect on FSH).  However usually after 10-12 days or so they lose their physiological activity, and allow the next wave of follicles grow.  At that point the original cyst just takes time to morphologically disappear on the ovary.  The next follicle wave may be normal or may also become cystic.  In my opinion the reason they become cystic is that a follicle that becomes dominant acquires LH receptors in its granulosa layer around 9 mm.  However if the LH pulse frequency is increased, but not enough to drive ovulation (ie is intermediate between luteal and follicular LH pulse frequencies; LHPF), this stimulates the follicle to continue growing, but not ovulate.  Eg lame cows post partum before they resume cyclicity may have an increase in LH PF, but they cannot surge (inhibited by stress and pain of lameness) so eventually the follicle just continues growth as a cyst.

For luteal structures I think that persistent CL are a better term as they generally arise after ovulation, but generally because of uterine disease the PGF release cascade fails and you get persistent CL generally associated with uterine disease.

Sometimes the follicular cyst can luteinize because of the increased LHPF mentioned above, and these develop thin walled luteal structures with fluid contained inside - this would be basically ovulation failure.  Technically then these could be called luteal cysts or luteinized follicles.

Once you have luteal tissue present then the animal should respond to PGF treatment to cause regression of the structure and then they should resolve.

If there is a follicular cyst present then there are two treatment options either progesterone (CIDR or PRID) for 7-10 days to decrease LHPF, allowing that structure lose its physiological effects and a new follicle wave can emerge and then on device removal the animal should go into a follicular phase and ovulate.  Alternatively you can use GnRH to luteinize the follicular cyst (if it is still physiologically active) and follow up with PGF 7 days later.

I have a number of review papers on my profile that describe the pattern of resumption of ovulation in post partum cows - these patterns include normal early resumption (in dairy cows), delayed resumption with follicle wave turnover (some times in poor BCS or high NEB dairy cows and in beef cows nursing a calf), follicle cysts and ovulation followed by formation of persistent CL.

Whats harm in it. Drench or electuary  both are good .

P.K.Sethi

Dear Bliss,

     Ist one Eimeria spp. sporulated oocyst ; 4th and 5th -Unsporulated oocyst of Eimeria spp.

Remaining all are artifacts. Before considering anything as egg/oocyst/ova look whether it satisfies these three things................

1. Definitive shape.

2. Uniformity in egg wall/cyst wall.

3. Presence of embryonic mass inside.

One more thing is......... since your using floating medium there are chances of eggs/oocysts getting distorted.

Thank you very much for the answer.

Dear Mateo,

If you want to find the prevalence of subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle, there is a interesting and cheap device that already has been evaluated for that proposes (IWERSEN M., FALKENBERG U., VOIGTSBERGER R., FORDERUNG D., HEUWIESER W. 2009. Evaluation of an electronic cowside test to detect subclinical ketosis in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 92: 2618-2624.), It is a cowside test that measures B-hydroxybutyric acid concentrations (quantitatively) in whole blood and gives you the information in 10 seconds, we have had excelent results using that ketone-meter (Precision Xtra, Optium Xceed or FreeStyle Optium are the names of the device according to the Abbott selling area), I strongly recommend you to read that paper before you start measuring ketone bodies.

Best wishes

In multi-valent vaccines, they have been normally tested so that they dont interact/overload the immune response, and thats why some vaccines can not be given in the same syringe. Theoretically, the dose recommended always contains a "safety buffer", to ensure that all vaccinated animals show a response. Thus, I guess the only way you can find out is by i.e. using a third of the recommended dose, and see what answer (and protection) you will achieve. Another possibility is to give the three different vaccines at the same time, but at different sites, i.e. left-right shoulder, and a rear site. Thus, you would hopefully trigger a local response (in the regional draining Lymphnode), which may not result in a complete immunosuppression. However, as before, it is trial and error :-)

A) Use swinging sieves with < 1 mm cutoff or less. Depends on the case  -  and each case is different, as everybody knows by experience !

B) Improve the handling of the manure by allowing separation by gravity at first and pump from the middle level of the tank with less TS.

Best regards  

Hi Gregory,I would like to share my thoughts. You can look for NSAIDS called meloxican. We ran a trial last year in which animals that received meloxican had better imune response (decrease cortisol and acute fase proteins) compared with cohorts. Those imune response are related with BRD problems. Other ingredients you can look for are polyunsaturated fatty acids which are related to decrease immune response and cortisol concentration.

I hope that informations were useful

نه ندارم داداش!!!

The infestation of poultry with Argas persicus follows with reduction of egg production (Adene & Dipeolu, 1975, Bull. Animal Health Production in Africa, 23: 333-335). I don't know studies concerning reduction in animal reproduction after tick infestation, such studies mainly deal with loss of blood, emaciation and mortality. Try and see an interesting paper by Patterson et al., 2013, PLoS ONE, 8(2).

Best regards.

The shallow ground water (from dug wells) is more vulnerable to contamination than the deeper one / Bore wells. If the water bearing zone (Aquifer) in deep bore well is separated by a impermeable (clay) layer then the water may not be contaminated by anthropological activities from surface until it is directly contaminated. However, deep Bore well can be contaminated by geogenic pollutants such as Fluoride, Arsenic, Radioisotopes etc.