Cattle - Science topic

Dear Sandeep

I am from a human IVF background, and the culture seems to be contaminated; it could be culture media contamination or process-mediated contamination.

Kindly check your media and dishes, and other disposables and try to start the batch with fresh media and disposables. It should resolve the problem of the arrest.

If the strategy is not working out, you may have to look into the stimulation protocols and media quality assurance.

Regards,

Sanketh Dhumal Satya

Dear Gandham Sandeep

When you can store it at 4 to 8 degrees Celsius in a normal refrigerator, why do you want to store it at -40????

Thanks & Regards,

Sanleth Dhumal Satya

Hello Utibe,

Several technologies can be used to analyze the protein structure of different meat products, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and Gel Electrophoresis.

FTIR uses infrared light to analyze the chemical bonds in the proteins, providing information about the protein's composition and structure. MALDI-TOF MS provides a high-resolution mass spectrum of the samples' proteins, which can be used to identify specific proteins and their relative abundance. Gel electrophoresis separates proteins based on their size and charge, allowing for the visual analysis of protein profiles.

To differentiate the protein structure of cattle muscle from other livestock, such as poultry, these technologies can be used to analyze the protein profiles of the meat samples. The resulting protein profiles can then be compared to identify protein composition and structure differences. For example, FTIR can be used to analyze the protein spectra and identify differences in protein bonding. MALDI-TOF MS can be used to identify specific proteins unique to cattle muscle or poultry.

In conclusion, these technologies provide valuable tools for analyzing protein structure in different meat products, allowing for the differentiation of protein profiles between cattle muscle and other livestock, such as poultry.

I hope this helps.

Yours sincerely,

Edgar M Cambaza

Thank you for your responses @Juan Carlos Blandon

All of them definitely look like strongyle type gastrointestinal parasites egg most especially for B and D while A looks Monieza.

Dear Javad,

The work that you quote

Refers to an experiment to understand the effect on aminoacids (AA) availability in the gastrointestinal tract after exposure to a mycotoxin binder. If that is the goal to be sure that your product might not have an adverse effect on the absorption of nutrients, this is a good protocol. The main site of absorption of AA is the small intestine in ruminants, after digestion in the abomasum (acid digestion).

On the other hand, if your goal is to see if the mycotoxin binder has an effect on reducing toxins availability... you might want to simulate conditions in the forestomach (rumen) as this will be the place where the binding process might take place.

Regards,

José

Changes in the diet of humans as well as cattle feed. Plus, converting animal and dairy wastes into bioenergy.

This question has not a single answer.

Milk yield depends not only on nutritional regime but also on genetic merit, environmental conditions, body condition at the beginning of the lactation, etc. NRC and INRA give comprehensive methods to estimate requirements of dairy cows. The rationing would also depend on the ingredients (forages and concentrates) available for you.

dear umut thank you for your answer, but my point is the following if one specie ovulate with less diameter than other, it is possible that the explanation will be the number of receptors?

Make fully methylated control DNA using M.SssI CpG Methyltransferase enzyme (Thermo Scientific, Catalog number: EM0821) and Make fully unmethylated control DNA using Whole Genome Amplification (WGA) method with REPLI-G kits by QIAGEN.

Also, use the criteria mentioned in TK Wojdacz's article to design the MS-HRM primers

Hello Mr Saurabh Mandal

I will check them

Thank you a lot Saurabh Mandal

Ok, let me know if I can help further.

Leo

One of the elements influencing the sensory qualities of milk and meat products is the kind of forages consumed by ruminants. The impact of the type of forages (corn silage, grass-based forages), the conservation strategy (hay versus silage), and the botanical composition of the grass on the sensory qualities of cheeses (colour, texture, flavour) are discussed for dairy products. There is no scientific evidence that genetically modified feed has an effect on milk output or composition. It is crucial to remember that cows consuming GM food do not modify an animal's (or a person's) DNA. Cow's milk has no GMOs. A contrast may be made to diabetics who use insulin; the individual does not become GMO. A dairy contrast is that a cow given chocolate does not produce the milk that comes from that animal.

Sravya Jasthi Hope this answer is relevant to your query.

And kindly check:

Impact of hot weather on animal performance and genetic strategies to minimise the effect

Not safe if the dog is infected with zoonotic diseases like PPR

The amount of sodium bicarbonate is usually depending upon the degree of base deficit according to the following equation by Constable et al. (2017)*:

Total Base Deficit (mmol/L) TBD = BW (kg) + 0.6 + BD (mmol/L), where 0.6 is a factor reflecting the amount of bicarbonate in the extracellular space, BE is the number of mmol of bicarbonate to correct the acidosis and usually obtained by blood gas analysis of blood samples using blood gas analyzer.

Let's assume that the reading of blood gas analyzer gives BD as 15mmol/L

Then TBD = 450 + 0.6 + 15 = 4050 mmol/L. however, one gram of sodium bicarbonate gives 12 mmol bicarb., so the total amount of soidum bicarb for a 450kg cow with severe lactic acidosis and has a base deficit of 15 mmol/L would be: 4050/12 = 337.5g.

* Constable P, Hinchcliff K, Done S, Gruenberg W. Veterinary medicine: a

textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, and goats. 11th ed.

Missouri: Elsevier; 2017.

As noted above, camels are not typically bred to produce meat, but certainly produce milk of high value to local communities. That fact that are managed in extensive grazing models, rather than intensively, means that they will inevitably contribute lower GHG emissions. But they are typically held as wealth assets and as a livelihood component, rather than for high productivity output. As such, they are not really comparable to conventional meat or dairy cattle.

Temperature may be decisive too

A good and standard management and routine practices, with a balance ration and adequate feeding standard would help bring out the best in any specified local breed of cow, but won't compete with exotic breeds because of genetic endowment and makeup. The best a local breed of cow could offer under improved management system, may not be competitively compared to exotic breeds.

This number is suitable for cattle comfortable temperature (generally 15 to 18℃), house feeding, light activity, no stress environment. When the temperature is below 12℃, the maintenance energy needs to increase by 1% for every 1℃ decrease. Net energy for weight gain (kj) of growing-finishing cattle = (2090+25.1W)X daily gain /1- (0.3x daily gain) [where W is body weight (kg)

Dear Nurul,

For Multiplex PCR, you must dilute your working primers in the cocktail primers for all the species in a single tube that will be your working primer tube. From that cocktail primer tube, you have to use 1 ul of primer for your 10ul PCR reaction volume.

Although, you have to ensure that the efficiency of your PCR master mix and optimization of primers will also be required.

ما هو الفرق بين وزن الجسم النهائي والزيادة الوزنية الكلية في الحيوان

These articles may help

Correct

Dear Muhammad, kindly find the link for an article that perhaps help in your context:

10.4271/2014-01-2580

Best wishes!

I do agree with Mamerto Reyes Hernández.

you can check the standard methods established by FDA & FAO for analytical methods as well check the standard for codex Alimentarius

Thank you Dr Naikoo for your expert comments . Actually I have already mentioned that I want to detect latency related genetic material in live animal.

Thanks alot

Thanks @ Victor Emojevwe your suggestion and the material is appreciated.

Regards

Visit kindly the following useful link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/buffaloes

Thanks Aitsana Maslakova !

So I am looking for the Antibodies in the serum, not serum antigens.

The antigens are being made as recombinant proteins, so I need a defined (non parasitic) antigen that would have the respective antibodies in all cows.

Tom

no it can not be on your profile. you may remove it if it does not belong to you.

The following RG link is also very useful:

pH is measurement of the ionisation of molecules. see the Herdenson Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + Log Base/Acid.

As the equilibrium shift to the acid a lower pH, more H3O+ molecules are formed, the opposite if the base increases.

However, pH does not measure concentrations, just the equilibrium between both bases and acids.

For instance these two solutions have exactly the same pH. Although the concentrations is 10 greater..

pH = pKa + log 10/10 and pH = pKa log 100/100.

For VFA equilibrium the HH is

pH = pKa + log diss SCFA/undiss SCFA

In reality, there is a relationship between all molecules concentrations in a solution which depends on the temperature and the ionic strength of the fluid according to the Debye-Hückle limiting law for diluted solutions. But, that is another story.

Dear Dr Ahmed, this is very interesting; can you give us more details!

For details regarding manure production per animal you can consult this page: http://go.usa.gov/Zcr3

and you can instal AWM software which is a a planning/design tool for waste storage structures for animal feeding operations. It estimates the amount of manure, bedding, and process water based upon the type and number of animals and management followed.

Agricultural crop residues (for example, straw or stalks), cereal wastes of food production or fallen leaves with high C:N ratio can be added as co-substrates. Alternatively, carbon sources such as fat waste or glycerol in small amounts can be added. The most easy way is to add glucose or other carbohydrate but it depends on the purpose of the study. Some references:

To calculate CO2 you need a proximate and ultimate analysis plus the gross CV of whatever fuel you are using. To get the Bio %age your need to look at the c14 %age via a mass spec.

Yes,

Temperature, microbial composition, carbon nitrogen balance etc are important in the rate of conversion. Adding one article which may be of some use to you.

Christer Thrane thank you for your responses. I appreciate your help

Genetic and functional analysis of the bovine uterine ...

https://www.sciencedirect.com › science › article › p

Thank you...

Also, kindly check the attached pdf:

وتقع على جانبي الحلق هو الاسم الذي يطلق على كتلة الأنسجة اللمفاوية.

t is necessary to pay attention to the administrative aspects, which must be accurate in order to control the conditions of the experiment, in order to achieve good results

May be it could help https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKoEFBC3M5g

Thanks for an excellent idea.

I wonder why scientists still do not consider the term "selection" which is very specific and clear.

This selection is done naturally based on anthropogenic activities.

"Fitness" is a confusing term and can be explained in a no. of ways (biased term).

In the cow tapetum lucidum located is located within the choroid layer of the eye, it is found in retina superonasal..

Serological means as FAT and ELISA for detection of viral protein antigen in tissue specimens & molecular means as PCR for detection of RNA.

Virus isolation in tissue culture cells as MDBK cells and detection of viral antigen by serological means.

Detection of antibodies in serum samples by SNT.

1. hydrogen and methane, both can't be produced together

2. methane is not formed by bacteria

3. isolation is just used for identification and characterization. From an application point of view, isolation is not at all required. Also, one can't isolate something unless they know what to isolate. Anaerobic digestion is a community job and not done by one or few microbes.

4. to get a basic understanding of AD please have a look at this

Thank you Bayesa Tolasa Itafa for a great question. I think the feeding depends on the type of cow, the area and available pasture. Below article can assist further and happy reading,

Global warming and climate change Negatively affecting the system

I recommend you to treat the cow with Progesterone. For this, insert a Progesterone implant and keep it for 11-14 days. After this, the implant can be removed, and two Prostaglandin shots must be applied, one in the day of implant removal, and another in the next day. Two days after the second prostaglandin, apply GnRH or hCG to induce ovulation. Then, the cow will probably ovulate, and the next cycle should be normal (no cystic).

A dewatering machine will instead lead to loss of dissolved nutrients. i think solar drying is the most appropriate

Eisenia fetida has the ability to tolerate wide range of temperature, moisture and pH.

Dear Isam A.AZIZ Attar

I hope you are doing great. You mentioned that you are going to add water to fresh cow dung at 1:1 ratio, but the important thing here is that the "fresh cow dung" contains up to 80% water in it, depending on type of the cattle, what it eats, and how the manure is collected from the cattle farm. So that you should initially measure the water content of the dung. Afterwards, by adding more water, you will exactly know the amount of water in your anaerobic digester. If you wanna calculate the remaining water content in your AD digester, you should know the operation temperature of the digestion process at first which good be 10-60 centigrade degrees. Then you can calculate the amount of remaining water using energy balance equations related to sensible and latent heat flows. Another option could be measuring the water content of the produced digestate or slurry, if you have a continuous anaerobic digester. So by having the percentage of the water in the digestate, you could estimate the approximate mass percentage of the remaining water in the digester.

Best

Hi Saba, I hope this email finds you well. AS you mentioned in this area researchers face the three-step models. Firstly, an experimental model that indicates how much biogas produce and digestate reminds at end of the anaerobic digestion procedure that I put some document related to this part, I hope they show u what does happen in this procedure overall. Secondly, u requested some simple models for improving the accuracy of the results. To be honest, I give much credit to these models due to the fact that they are more practical in comparison with complicated models and they integrated easily with other models for predicting the bigger systems. I attached one of these models. Finally, researchers use complicated models such as ADM1 or some equations with non-conventional reaction kinetic forms that have been existed in a lot of software such as Aspen Plus. But I believe they are used for the specific condition that accuracy is very pivotal. BTW, I suggested focusing on the first and second models and for complicated models, you can use equations of other materials such as wastewater or plants. I believe you can investigate these models if it is necessary for your research and developed them for your topic. stay safe and well.

best regards

Danial

Hi Takunda, you can but you should not. The general linear model is for continuous data, you should analyze it was multivariate or you can set the response of yes (1) or not (0) to each rank and then present the % in each rank and you can use a GLIMIX with a binomial distribution.

in sas:

proc glimmix;

class block trt ;

model rank1 = trt block/ dist=binomial ddfm=satterth;

lsmeans trt / pdiff ilink;

run;

good luck

ale

Hi Dr Isam A.AZIZ Attar . I hope the following links could help you: 1.http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/100/1/012177/pdf

2.

Artificial insemination and embryo transfer is increasing day by day all of the world. Especially to increase milk and meat production in near future, embryo transfer become much important solution for many countries. Health criteria and health conditions should checked very carefully and frequently for donors and recipent cows in the research center and embryo production farms, universyties. Because, Brucella, Tuberculosis, IBR, BVD, Leucosis, Bluetongue exc. diseases very dangerous for farm animals and humans (zoonotic). So in my opinion control systems of these diseases have to strict both semen and embryos to protect animals also humans in the country. Otherwise we can not control health system for animals, zoonotic diseases also we can loose huge number of farm animals in the country.

Genotyping and Quality Control

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Genet., 10 October 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00438

Samples were genotyped at Geneseek (Neogen Corporation, Nebraska, United States) using the Geneseek Genomic Profiler (GGP) High Density (HD) SNP array consisting of 150,000 SNPs, while SNPs for the reference breeds had been genotyped with the Illumina HD Bovine (777K SNPs) array. The SNPs in GGP array were optimised for use in dairy cattle having the most informative SNPs from Illumina Bovine 50k and 770k chips and additional variants known to have a large effect on disease susceptibility and performance. Genotype data quality control and cheques were carried out using PLINK v 1.9 (Purcell et al., 2007) and included removal of SNPs with less than 90% call rate, less than 5% minor allele frequency (MAF) and samples with more than 10% missing genotypes. Additional removal of SNPs not mapped to any chromosome left a total of 120,591 SNPs for analysis. Of the 299 animals, 12 failed the above outlined quality cheques and were removed from the analysis. Total genotyping rate in remaining samples was 0.991. The 120,591 SNPs used in the analysis covered 2516.25 Mb with an average distance of 22.67 kb between adjacent SNPs. The mean chromosomal length ranged between 42.8 Mb on BTA 25 and 158.86 Mb on BTA 1. The mean length of adjacent SNPs per chromosome ranged between 18.67 and 23.89 kb on BTA 14 and BTA 29, respectively. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the genome averaged 0.41. Private alleles, defined as variants which are segregating in only one population when evaluating multiple populations, were identified using a custom script in R. A total of 143 private variants, most (132) of which originated from the Rwanda cattle population were detected.

Some references-

DOI: 10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60173-X

Ringworm is a Hard Cycle to Break - DTN/Progressive Farmer

I think there are two factors that affect embryo implantation. The first is the quality of the embryo, the second is the availability of the endometrium. Embryo quality is largely composed of chromosomal errors and affects implantation. To prevent this, relatively young animals should be used and embryo evaluation should be done very well. The suitability of the uterine endometrium is the age of the recipients, hormonal status, thyroid disorders, autoimmune diseases and endometrial inflammations.

You should have a look at earlier attempts made by Turner and Hodgetts, 1955. Buffer systems in the rumen of sheep. (A and B).

Hille et al., 2016 did a good job to actualise the technique to measure HCO3-

However, that is not enough, the buffer capacity depends mainly on CO2 species equilibrium. Therefore, dissolved carbon dioxide and bicarbonate concentration should be measured, because the constant formation of ruminal HCO3- from CO2 hydration catalysed by carbonic anhydrase is a key element on the ruminal buffering capacity.

Neither ruminal dCO2 concentrations or CO2 hydration has been well documented. Please have a look to some of my articles (Laporte-Uribe, 2016; 2019).

Therefore, even when you can monitor ruminal buffer capacity in vitro, you might not have a similar response in vivo and, I am afraid, we still do not know much about this process, yet.

But by all means please use the approach of those references.

Something is wrong with microbiome

Oh, Ok. Just use two glasses of carbonated water. Add dishwasher soap to one of them and stir gently. You will be able to simulate what happens when you feed cattle and see that by adding the soap you will create the same effect: slowdown the bubbles formation and the size of the bubbles. You will be also able to produce stable foam by the addition of salts. it is the same mechanism.

CO2 holdup also is the cause of ruminal acidosis. The accumulation of dissolved carbon dioxide in the rumen liquid leads to CO2 poisoning.

a semi-liquid mixture, typically of fine particles of manure, cement, or coal suspended in water. It might be mire or muck, silt, alluvium, etc.

Meanwhile, compost is a refuse heap or a mixture of ingredients used to fertilise and improve soil. Compost is commonly prepared by decomposing plant and food waste, recycling the organic materials so that the mixture is rich in plant nutrients and beneficial organisms such as worms and fungal mycelium.

Thus, depending on the raw material from which it is made, compost might always be relatively richer than slurry and vise versa. Copost normally contains at least a bit or even a lot of all the nutrients present in slurry.

Slurry might be easily absorbed by plants but will last for a shorter period as compared to compost.

Bashu Gautam basically the balloon or the bag or the fabrics used for these type of bag digesters are usually quite thin and the temperature is maintained by exposing it to the air/atmosphere at the same time the L/D ratio is completely different in this case and more bacteria gets more surface area and thus the gas enhancement or production is seen more in this case

I think it is an empirical choice that depends on local settings such as field challenge.

Hi Tony,

I've been considering the same questions lately. Have you explored this more? My suspicion is that it could be related to stocking rates - which would be a combination of the factors you mentioned. For instance, here in the Chihuahuan desert it might take ~350 acres to raise a single cow whereas in the northern great plains it might be around 20 acres/cow. Of course the stocking rates are driven by vegetation which is determined by climate and geography. My hunch is that other economic factors like available grazing permits versus private land ranches might also be affecting the trend. I'm interested to hear your thoughts.

Matt

In deed, leaf of grasses have less energy concentration, both in tropical and temperate places if you compare with legumes.

Regards

it is my understanding that PGF2alpha is synthesized in the uterus (endometrium) and not the uterine horn. it is converted from arachidonic acid in the bovine, ovine and caprine

The bacterium Moraxella bovis (M. bovis) is the main infectious cause of pinkeye in cattle.

M. bovis organism is sensitive to Oxytetracycline and penicillin.

Check https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316704963_Effect_of_selenium_and_vitamin_E_supplementation_as_a_nutritional_treatment_for_some_physiological_and_productive_traits_of_Holstein_dairy_cows_under_Egyptian_summer_conditions