Publications related to Carnivores (10,000)
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The processes involved in acquiring, trading, preparing, and consuming wild meat pose significant risks for the emergence of zoonotic infectious diseases. Several major viral outbreaks have been directly linked to the wild meat supply chain, yet our knowledge of the virome in many mammals involved in this chain remains limited and disproportionatel...
Sacred forests are traditional management systems aimed at biodiversity conservation, yet few studies focus on the mammalian fauna of these ecosystems. This study aims to assess mammal diversity in the Gbétitapéa sacred forest to promote this endogenous conservation approach. Specifically, it seeks to identify the mammal species present in this for...
Anthropogenic activities often lead to changes in the distribution and behavior of wild species. The mere presence of humans and free‐roaming domestic cats (Felis catus) can affect wildlife communities; however, responses to these disturbances might not be ubiquitous and may vary with local conditions. We investigated European pine marten's (Martes...
Bannerghatta National Park (BNP), a protected forest in southern India, historically has had only sporadic reports of tiger Panthera tigris presence, despite bordering known tiger habitats. This paper summarizes evidence collected from a tiger sighting in BNP over a nine-month period. The primary aim of this study was to identify the individual tig...
Animal activity patterns vary seasonally and between species, facilitating species coexistence. In Africa, however, factors affecting the activity of many small carnivores remain poorly understood, especially for congeneric and sympatric species whose similar sizes may lead to interspecific competition. Here, we investigated differences and variati...
Individual dietary specialization, where individuals occupy a subset of a population’s wider dietary niche, is a key factor determining a species resilience against environmental change. However, the ontogeny of individual specialization, as well as associated underlying social learning, genetic, and environmental drivers, remain poorly understood....
Summary
REMAINS OF JUVENILE MOSASAURS FROM THE UPPER
CRETACEOUS OF LIÈGE-LIMBURG AND POTENTIAL CLUES
FOR PREDATION ON THESE ANIMALS
The Maastrichtian limestone deposits of Liège-Limburg
(Maastrichtian type area) are famous for their yield of
mosasaur remains - large carnivorous marine reptiles that were
at the top of the food chain. Bones and...
The common leopard (Panthera pardus) is a large carnivore species primarily ranging in the protected areas within the flat plains of Nepal. Facing competition from tigers (Panthera tigris) and decline prey population within these areas, the leopards venture into the mid-hills, leading to increased conflicts with local people. This study was designe...
The Congo River abounds in a multitude of osteichthyan fish, notably Schilbe grenfelli Boulenger, 1900 (Siluriformes, Schilbeidae), commonly known in Kinshasa as "Lilangwa" in Lingala, one of the national languages of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The species is caught in artisanal fisheries, and its flesh is highly prized for its meat. The aim...
Asiatic lions (Panthera leo leo) have increased in range and abundance in densely populated India, a rare example of coexistence between humans and large carnivores. We sought to determine the underlying mechanisms of this coexistence and to infer lessons that could help conserve carnivores in multiuse landscapes, globally. Using data collected fro...
The common leopard (Panthera pardus) is a large carnivore species primarily ranging in the protected areas within the flat plains of Nepal. Facing competition from tigers (Panthera tigris) and decline prey population within these areas, the leopards venture into the mid-hills, leading to increased conflicts with local people. This study was designe...
Background
Dirofilariosis is a parasitic mosquito-borne disease caused by members of the genus Dirofilaria, which includes Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. Surveillance studies in Europe have revealed that D. immitis can also be detected in a range of wild carnivores, raising questions over the impact of infections on wild carnivore anim...
The gut microbiome is a vital factor in animal health and development, influenced by various elements. This review explores the bacterial strains within the microbiome and their roles in digestion, immunity, disease causation, and overall host well-being. Across all mammals, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes are the dominant phyla, with omnivores and ca...
Analysis of fossil assemblage structure can help illuminate the processes shaping the assembly of ecological communities. Using Bayesian network analysis methods, we investigated patterns of association between presences and abundances of 12 large-bodied mammal clades at Pleistocene fossil localities and their dependence on local environment types,...
Studies of interspecific differences in the physiological performance of animals and their relationship with metabolism may provide insight into how selection influences diversity in phenotypic traits. To investigate the effects of food habits on growth, digestion, specific dynamic action (SDA), and the intestinal microbiota and verify their relati...
Anthropogenic activities, such as the introduction of non-native aquaculture species, have significantly altered trophic interactions in marine ecosystems. The hybrid grouper (TGGG), an aquaculture product originating from an artificial F1 crossbreed between Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and E. lanceolatus, has been released into the wild through relig...
The present study aimed to investigate the episodes of per-acute mortality due to peste des petits ruminants (PPR) that resulted in the death of 30 animals of different species of cervids, namely, barking deer, four-horned antelope, hog deer, thamin, and mouse deer in the State Zoo of Assam, a northeastern state of India. The affected animals showe...
Surgical sterilization is one of the most common procedures performed by veterinarians on domestic carnivores. Often perceived as a “routine” procedure, its practice requires good mastery of surgical techniques. This survey, carried out in 14 veterinary practices located in the Dakar region, aimed to evaluate surgical sterilization techniques appli...
We investigated the genetic diversity of the contemporary Scottish pine marten population using neutral microsatellite markers, sampling 206 individuals across an area of almost 32,000 km². Our results revealed that the genetic diversity in the Scottish population is modest with the levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranging from the Hi...
Resolving human–carnivore conflict is crucial for the sustainable coexistence of humans and wildlife. Achieving this, however, requires a comprehensive understanding of the causes and complexities associated with the conflict. This study aimed to assess the nature, underlying causes and costs of human–carnivore conflict, as well as the conservation...
Trophic ecology of Plagioscion magdalenae (Pisces, Sciaenidae) in a neotropical reservoir in the lower Magdalena River Basin, Colombia. Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 22: 115-128. Abstract Trophic ecology of Plagioscion magdalenae (Pisces, Sciaenidae) in a neotropical reservoir in the lower Magdalena River Basin, Colombia. Plagioscion magdalenae...
The Tibetan Plateau is the largest plateau in the world. Although this plateau is not as rich in species as the rainforest, it still contains some specific flora and fauna (including mammals, birds, and some reptiles). These special organisms make up biodiversity. It refers to the sum total of genes, species and ecosystems within a given area. Biod...
Agricultural landscapes significantly impact biodiversity, particularly within vineyard ecosystems where the configuration of native vegetation and vineyard edges plays a pivotal role. This study investigated the structure of bird communities across vineyards, their edges, and adjacent native vegetation, utilizing generalized linear mixed models to...
The reduction of suspended solids is an important aspect of water management, especially in the mining industry. The ecological potential of sedimentation ponds has been identified, but many aspects of the coexistence of ecological and technological functions of these reservoirs are still unresolved. The aim of the study was to determine the effect...
Livestock predation constitutes the primary source of conflict between humans and large carnivores. Moreover, human factors, such as attitudes and emotions, can affect people’s tolerance towards carnivores, exacerbating the conflict. Such conflicts often lead to retaliatory killing of carnivores, which not only poses significant threats to species...
Community structure and ecosystem function may be driven by the size or the energy within a given habitat, but these metrics (space and energy) are difficult to separate, especially in systems where the habitat itself is also food, such as detritus. Only a handful of studies have attempted to isolate potential mechanisms experimentally, which has l...
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in various physiological functions of the host and can be modulated by numerous factors, including feeding habit or trophic level. In this study, the impact of host feeding habits on the gut microbiota of freshwater fish was explored. Ten fish species, classified into four feeding habit categories (herbivorou...
Hair offers a non‐invasive way to assess mercury exposure in diverse species, but variable and poorly understood molt patterns in wildlife may hamper the interpretation of tracer levels in hair. The reliability of using hair to precisely assess internal mercury burden, thus, varies across species, but few studies have assessed the reliability of us...
Advances in biomolecular methods, in particular the study of ancient proteins (paleoproteomics), have revolutionized how we can taxonomically identify archaeological bone fragments. Alongside traditional zooarchaeo-logical assignments based on the visual inspection of morphological criteria, variations in collagen type I amino acid sequences can no...
Archaeological animal bone assemblages are often highly fragmented, meaning that for over 70% of the recovered bone fragments we do not know what animal (or human) species they belonged to. This is especially problematic in Paleolithic contexts, when both humans and carnivores repeatedly occupied the same caves and rock shelters. Identifying bone f...
Bukbhora ox-bow Lake (baor) is one of the most renowned baors in the south west Bangladesh and supports diverse fisheries communities. The present study was conducted to identify the types of fishing gears and crafts including their mode of operation in fishing in the Bukbhora baor during the period from July 2023 to June 2024. A total of 18 fishin...
A newly referred specimen of Coahomasuchus kahleorum (TMM 31100‐437) from the lower part of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas preserves much of the skeleton including the majority of the skull. Introduced in the literature in the 1980s as the “carnivorous aetosaur”, TMM 31100‐437 bears recurved teeth that previously were considered unique am...
The success or failure of apex carnivore reintroduction efforts can hinge on understanding and attending to diverse viewpoints of those involved in and impacted by reintroductions. Yet, viewpoints vary widely due to a suite of complex and intersecting factors, such as values, beliefs and sociocultural context. We ask, ‘what are the diverse viewpoin...
Leopards (Panthera pardus), as versatile carnivores, play a crucial role in ecosystem stability. However, their survival is threatened by habitat loss and poaching. Accurate population estimates are vital for effective conservation decisions, but precise data are often lacking. This study was conducted to assess the population dynamics and suitable...
The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) is a rarely spotted carnivore in India listed as Near Threatened (red list) by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2014. Hyena is considered as scavenger but also executes rare opportunistic attacks on humans. In India, reported cases of hyena attack on humans are very rare, because of remote l...
Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Cladorhizidae), contrary to the usual filter-feeding mechanism of sponges, are specialized in catching larger prey through adhesive surfaces or hook-like spicules. The mitochondrial DNA of sponges overall present several divergences from other metazoans, and while presenting unique features among major t...
The Arctic Ocean experiences significant seasonal to interannual environmental changes, including in temperature, light, sea ice, and surface nutrient concentrations, that influence the dynamics of marine plankton populations. Here, we use a hindcast simulation (1948–2009) of size-structured Arctic Ocean plankton communities, ocean circulation, and...
The present study was conducted to determine the food habits Salmo caspius in the Tonekabon River. A total of
63 specimens (42 males and 21 females) were caught using electrofishing in January 2016. The range of total
length for males and females was 10.3-17.0 and 10.4-19.3 cm, respectively. The range of weight of males and
females was 8.1- 46.1 an...
Amino acids are essential for the growth, development, and reproduction of carnivores. This literature review summarizes the amino acid patterns of different raw diets including whole prey, body tissue and muscle for felids under human care. In general, natural prey (and its parts) meet the minimum essential amino acid requirements outlined by the...
In this study, I discuss recent studies of human/wildlife mutualisms and suggest that several cases considered to represent domestication that has arisen through commensalism would be better considered as examples of mutualism between humans and various wild species. Species discussed include the only domesticated carnivores: cats (Felis sylvestris...
Spillover of infectious diseases from wild animal populations constitutes a long-standing threat to human health for which few globally viable solutions have been developed. The use of oral baits laden with conventional vaccines distributed en masse represents one success story but is costly and practicable primarily for rabies risk reduction in No...
Functional assessment approaches were used to identify the responses of fish to environmental change in the San Antonio Bay System (Texas, USA). Using a 26-year coastal fisheries dataset (1993–2018), multivariate analyses revealed relationships between functional group abundance and freshwater inflows in the upper segments (Hynes Bay and Guadalupe...
DNA metabarcoding is a contemporary technique in diet composition studies and stands to fill key knowledge gaps left by traditional diet analysis methods. For endangered species such as the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), the fulfilment of these knowledge gaps presents an opportunity for improved management practices and vulnerability assessments...
Large carnivores are keystone for ecosystems and flagships for conservation efforts but face severe threats globally. Protected areas are vital for the conservation of these charismatic species along with a host of ecological processes. However, the extent and scope of protected areas for conservation of all threatened species is limited, especiall...
Project RovQuant has produced density maps and abundance estimates for large carnivores (wolf, wolverine, and brown bear) throughout Scandinavia since 2019. These estimates are based on non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) and dead recovery data collected annually by Swedish and Norwegian authorities. The spatial capture recapture (SCR) method used...
The wolf (Canis lupus) is recovering and recolonizing its historic range in Europe. In places where wolves have long been absent, their recent recolonization could potentially provoke extensive livestock farmers’ opposition. To understand the conditions for extensive grazing-wolf co-existence, we conducted interviews with livestock farmers and shep...
Taenia multiceps'in erişkin formu son konak olan köpek, çakal ve tilki gibi karnivorların ince bağırsağında yaşarken, larvası olan Coenurus cerebralis koyun, keçi, sığır, manda, deve ve nadir olarak insanların merkezi sinir sistemi ve omuriliğine yerleşir ve coenurosise sebep olur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, C. cerebralis kist sıvısı antijeninin koyunlar...
This poster provides information about blood-feeding and carnivorous bats.
Information on long‐range dispersal in tropical carnivores is limited compared to their temperate counterparts. Here we present data on long‐range, transboundary dispersals for three species of tropical carnivores: African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), African lion (Panthera leo), and spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta). The dispersals we document in our s...
The current study aims to determine the type and abundance of food for two species of crabs, Pachygrapsus marmoratus and Eriphia verrucosa, that inhabit the rocky beaches in the south. Mediterranean coast. A total of 40 crabs of each species collected during 2022 were used. We found that P. marmoratus and Eriphia verrucosa are carnivores, meaning t...
Various species inhabit cities around the world, and numerous changes in their biology can be observed. Among them, changes in the time of reproduction or productivity are often recorded in urban populations. Firstly, we compared selected reproductive features (i.e., litter size and time of breeding) of two red fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations, one...
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Intraguild interactions influence the structure and local dynamics of carnivore mammals’ assemblages. The potential effects of these interactions are often determined by the body size of competing members and may result in negative relationships in their abundance and, ultimately, lead to species exclusion or coexistence. The relative importance of...
One biomimetic approach to surface passivation involves a series of surface coatings based on the slick surfaces of carnivorous pitcher plants (Nepenthes), termed slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS). This study introduces a simplified method to produce SLIPS using a polydopamine (PDA) anchor layer, inspired by mussel adhesion. SLIPS lay...
Small semi-aquatic mammals play a critical role in the river ecosystem and can be used as bioindicators of environmental health. Many populations of these species are threatened by multiple factors, mainly habitat degradation, but also by other causes such as predation. Among potential predators, the Eurasian otter ( Lutra lutra ) is known to prey...
Mountain lions, Puma concolor, are widespread and adaptable carnivores. However, due to their large home ranges and long distance dispersals, they are strongly impacted by habitat fragmentation, which results in small and isolated populations. Genomic analyses play an important role in understanding and predicting the impacts of increased isolation...
Background
Carnivore parvovirus is commonly detected in canines and felines and results in a range of symptoms, including diarrhoea, with a high lethality rate. In recent years, the gradual restoration of urban ecosystems coupled with a lack of natural predators means that wild raccoon dogs have gradually entered residential neighbourhoods in Shang...
An attempt has been made from March 2023 to February 2024 to study the community composition and diversity of invertebrate macrofauna in the wide intertidal region of the Chandipur coast, Odisha, one of the less documented parts of the east coast of India. A total of 46 invertebrate species belonging to 5 phyla were observed. The most species-rich...
In the digital age online platforms provide new models of engagement between science and society. Garnering sufficient involvement in conservation relies largely on communicating the aims and findings of research projects. Here, the role of social media in understanding the ecology of an elusive wildcat, the caracal (Caracal caracal), in Cape Town,...
Soybean product utilization in carnivorous fish feeding is limited due to the presence of antinutritional factors (ANFs), which can affect fish growth performance and health status. Probiotic bacteria are commonly used to improve feed utilization in animals unable to digest high levels of protein, carbohydrate, and complex lipids from plant origin....
The successful European expansion of the golden jackal ( Canis aureus ) is influenced by space use and an exploration of their movement ecology may promote the application of appropriate population management. However, little is known about their home range dynamics in forest–agricultural landscapes with dense populations and high hunting pressure....
Over several years, the Kapchagay Geological Expedition carried out excavations in the Lower Miocene deposits of the Middle Member of the Chul'adyr formation in the Aktau Mountains, south-eastern Kazakhstan. During the course of this work, numerous fossil remains were uncovered, including well preserved finds of carnivores: amphicyonids ('daphoenin...
Niche partitioning according to time, space, or resources is the key to interspecific coexistence. Interactions among carnivore species are complex: interference is common, although positive relationships may develop through trophic facilitation. In turn, differen