Carbonates - Science topic

Faults zones play a key role on groundwater flow, conditioning both local and regional pathways. They impact groundwater flow in different ways depending on host rock lithology, 3D architecture and internal structure. Despite fault zones in carbonates are widely studied, their impact on groundwater flow is still difficult to predict. In this study,...

In order to investigate the effect of palm fiber on the shear resistance of cohesive soil reinforced by EICP (Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitation), taking the cohesive purple soil in Three Gorges Reservoir Area as the research object, and 5 palm fiber dosages (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8%) combined with 5 cementing liquid concentrations (0 mol...

The carbonate platform margin is an important gathering place of large-scale oil and gas resources, and the study of paleogeographic differentiation is the basis to reveal the characteristics and development laws of the carbonate platform margin. Following the discovery of a trillion square meter natural gas gold accumulation zone in the platform m...

Stromatoporoid sponges flourished throughout the Silurian Period, during the Middle Devonian Epoch, and the first half of the Late Devonian Epoch (Frasnian Age). Their prime habitats were in shallow carbonate seas of the tropics and sub-tropics. During the middle Early Devonian (Pragian Age) there was a global decrease in stromatoporoid generic div...

U-Th geochronology is a key tool in Quaternary geology, widely applied to carbonate matrices with significant advancements achieved through MC-ICP-MS technology. However, 230 Th dating remains challenging for samples with low-uranium concentrations and high-detrital thorium content which often reflecting open-system behavior. These factors increase...

This study introduces new macroscopic and microscopic evidence for identifying archaeological animal penning areas: phosphatic crusts. Despite the importance of herding activities for reconstructing the social, economic, and ecological aspects of ancient communities, evidence for animal penning areas has traditionally relied on faint architectural...

Rising levels of atmospheric carbon containing greenhouse gases are transforming the climate and driving a rise in average global temperatures. In the 2016 Paris Accords there is a goal to reach Net Zero carbon emissions by 2050 to limit the rise in global temperatures to 1.5oC. This carbon is largely, although not entirely, released into the atmos...

Seismic rupture in carbonate rocks influences fault friction behavior through thermal evolution and mineral reactions. Focusing on the 1959 Mw 7.2 Hebgen Lake event in western Yellowstone, Montana, the largest earthquake on a normal fault in the United States, we analyze fault rock microstructures and mineralogical changes to constrain frictional h...

This article shows the analysis of statistical models of the dependence of oil recovery on the rate of fluid withdrawal in terrigenous reservoirs and the justification of these models. Statistical dependencies are presented for assessing the final oil recovery factor and the geological and physical conditions of their use. Based on these conditions...

The poor rate performance of hard carbon (HC) in carbonate electrolytes limits its applicability in hybrid capacitors, primarily due to the low working potential and the slow Na+ transport kinetics within the potential plateau region. The slow desolvation of Na+ at the electrode surface and sluggish transport of Na+ through the solid electrolyte in...

Developing chemically recyclable polymers using CO2 and sustainable co‐feedstocks is an important strategy for achieving carbon‐neutral production of new polymers and mitigating plastic pollution. Herein, a series of six‐membered cyclic carbonate monomers with different alkyl α‐substituents were synthesized using CO2 and bioderived 1,3‐alkanediol a...

Citation: Sánchez-Bellón, Á.; Molina-Piernas, E.; Anfuso, G.; Asensio-Montesinos, F.; Cabrera-Hernández, J.A.; Botero, C.M.; Pranzini, E. Textural, Mineralogical and Chromatic Characterisation of the Beach Sediments of Cuba: Management Implications. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13, 557. https://doi. Abstract: Although it is practically impossible to f...

Background The consumption of soft carbonated drinks and other sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) has been identified as a risk factor for several chronic diseases. We aimed to ascertain the proportion of carbonated beverage and SSB consumption, as well as the associated factors, in Hamadan, a city in the west of Iran. Methods This cross-sectional st...

The Upper Permian Castile Formation of the Delaware Basin is a 515.3 m (1690.6 ft) thick deep‐water laminated evaporitic sequence dominated by anhydrite and halite. This formation seals hydrocarbon reservoirs and produced‐water injection targets, and holds potential for salt cavern development due to its halite‐bearing intervals. This study present...

Environmentally sustainable and effective methods of recycling industrial waste are needed due to its continuous rise. This study therefore looked at whether sawdust waste might be used to make cement-bonded particleboards and how to improve the sawdust's compatibility with cement through the use of physical pretreatment techniques, the addition of...

Bony fishes are among the best represented macrofossils from the earliest Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark. However, until now, otoliths from this formation have never been reported. Here we describe the first otolith from the Fur Formation, which was found isolated in a carbonate concretion. The specimen exhibits the typical features of an argentin...

An Fe(III)‐NHC complex has been employed for the green light driven catalysis of base‐promoted homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) reactions. Tributylamine was used as a sacrificial electron donor, together with potassium carbonate as base in dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent. In contrast to previously studied photocatalysts, the excited Fe(III)‐NHC...

Efficient and accurate estimations of submarine gas reservoir porosity and gas saturation are essential for successful exploration and development. Traditional methods often rely on cumbersome processes and empirical porosity relationships that lack clear physical significance in rock physics modeling. Additionally, these methods often overlook var...

This review discloses nickel‐ and cobalt‐catalyzed coupling reactions that allow C−P bond formation. Activation of C−halide bonds to form phosphonium, pentavalent phosphorus, or trivalent phosphorous compounds has been reported with both metals. However, the conversion of C−O bonds ((activated) ethers, carbonates, acetates) into C−P ones has been o...

With the advent of high‐power electronic devices, communication satellites, and military radar systems, electromagnetic (EM) waves have caused significant pollution. In this work, hollow Fe3O4@C (H‐FO@C) composites are synthesized by employing an in situ polymerization and carbonization treatment. Effects of carbonization temperature on electromagn...

One of the most debated issues in the geology of the Timan-Pechora basin is the drastic disparity between the huge generational potential of the folded rim of the Kos’yu-Rogov Trough and the very limited volume of oil and gas reserves identified in it. The conducted studies clarify the reasons for the low efficiency of exploration works. Many failu...

Developing effective treatment technologies for heavy metal-contaminated biomass is of great environmental significance. This study explores the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass contaminated with heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb), focusing on the migration, transformation, and ecological stability of these metals during the process. Biom...

Electrochemically driven carbon–carbon formation is receiving considerable interest in organic synthesis. In this study, we present an electrochemically driven method for the formation of C(sp³)–C(sp³) bonds using readily available allylic carbonates, as well as primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl bromides as electrophiles. This approach offers...

The grain sizes of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and solvation structure of electrolytes can affect Li⁺ ion transport across SEI and control the desolvation kinetics of solvated Li⁺ ions during fast‐charging of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the impact of the geometric structure of SEI grains on the fast charging capability of LIBs is rarel...

Submarine alteration of basaltic glass in pillow lavas and hyaloclastites result in (1) abiotic palagonite with smooth interface between the fresh and altered glass, and (2) biogenically-produced irregular granular and tubular textures. In the upper oceanic crust, the bio-generated textures are dominant, but become progressively less abundant downw...

The phases formed by alkaline precipitation of Ni(OH)2 at different temperatures and different levels of carbonate and nitrate anions have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, TG-MS, N2 physisorption and cyclic voltammetry. The dehydration-deanionization of α- to β-Ni(OH)2 passes through an interstratified...

Conversion of CO2 into high‐value‐added industrial raw materials, chemicals, or fuels has been considered as a way to reducing the global warming. For this purpose, imidazolium ionic liquids functionalized ZIF‐67 was designed and synthesized. The structure of functionalized ZIF‐67 was investigated using various characterization techniques including...

The cycloaddition of CO₂ with epoxides to synthesize cyclic carbonates is a crucial but challenging process. In particular, the co‐catalyst required for higher yields in this reaction inevitably dissolves in organic solvents, resulting in product impurities and solvent‐related hazards. Therefore, a heterogeneous catalyst that delivers high yields u...

Chemical admixtures are needed to enhance the reactivity of the industrial waste by-products to expand their utilization in the cement and concrete industry to create low CO 2 sustainable binders.

Low‐ionic conductivity within high‐loading cathode has greatly limited the application of solid polymer electrolytes in rechargeable batteries. Herein, solid polymer electrolyte with a three‐dimensionally conducting network is obtained by in situ polymerization of vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC) with the aid of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA)...

Professor Grzegorz Pieńkowski was an exceptional figure in Polish science, distinguished also in the world. To discuss his character holistically, is a task for a book-length biography, where the adventures of his personal life were intertwined with the various turns of fate of his distinguished scientific career. Below I present only his scientifi...

Hard carbon (HC), which is one of the anode materials widely used in commercial sodium-ion batteries at present, suffers from a thick and unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer formed by the self-reduction in traditional carbonate-based electrolytes on its surface. This phenomenon impacts the battery’s Coulomb efficiency, cycle stability,...

Carbonates are characterized by a complex system of pores, caves, vugs and fractures that significantly influence fluid flow and the physical behaviors of rocks. Six rock samples are taken from a carbonate reservoir in China's Sichuan Basin to perform computed tomography (CT), X‐ray diffraction and thin section analyses. The samples are classified...

Geosites are sources of the knowledge of diverse geological phenomena, including carbonate rocks. The Sakhray Canyon geosite represents several geological features of the Western Caucasus. Field and laboratory investigations indicated on its lateral differences. Four segments of the geosite, five entrance points, and five principal localities were...

Porosity prediction from seismic data is of significance in reservoir property assessment, reservoir architecture delineation, and reservoir model building. However, it is still challenging to use traditional model-driven methodology to characterize carbonate reservoirs because of the highly nonlinear mapping relationship between porosity and elast...

The process of purification and concentration of wet process phosphoric acid (WPA) creates the possibility of obtaining more concentrated phosphorus - containing products, such as ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, liquid complex fertilizers for drip irrigati...

Despite the formidable challenge of concurrently managing both the regiochemistry and stereochemistry of the process, organocatalytic remote stereocontrol has emerged as an appealing approach to establish stereocenters at specified locations distant from reactive functional groups. Herein, we achieved the first organocatalyzed remote stereocontroll...

Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of ore-forming fluid of nephrite deposits have always been changing due to mixings between different fluids and oxygen isotope exchanges between the ore-forming fluid and country rocks, resulting in that the tremolite (or actinolite) has to constantly re-establish new isotope fractionation equilibriums with the dynamic...

A new process for the extraction of SiO2 by low-temperature roasting with potassium feldspar as raw material and sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate (NaOH-Na2CO3) as auxiliaries was investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the silica extraction rate reached 99.59%. Through the design of alkali ore ratio, NaOH-Na2CO3 molar ratio, roasting tempe...

The field of liquid phase catalysis has explored the replacement of traditional solvents with ionic liquids, as well as the use of ionic liquids as catalyst. Herein, a novel silica-supported Fe-based Brønsted-Lewis functionalized ionic liquid (BLsIL-Fe) was synthesized and used as a catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO 2 to propylene oxide, yieldin...

The role of meteorite impacts in the origin, modification, and destruction of crust during the first two billion years of Earth history (4.5–2.5 billion years ago; Ga) is disputed. Whereas some argue for a relatively minor contribution overall, others have proposed that individual giant impactors (>10–50 km diameter) can initiate subduction zones a...

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) suffer from severe lithium dendrite growth and side reactions in conventional carbonate electrolytes, which are characterized by low coulombic efficiency and poor cycling stability, and electrolyte engineering is an effective method for increasing the reversibility of lithium anodes. Herein, the solubility of lithium...

Orientation tools in borehole imaging logs acquire magnetic information that is currently used for spatial and geographical orientation of the images. We propose to use this magnetic field information to estimate both magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetization of rocks inside wells. Measurements of these magnetic parameters are not often av...

This study investigates the combined effects of impurities in CO2 stream, geochemistry, water salinity, and wettability alteration on oil recovery and CO2 storage in carbonate reservoirs and optimizes injection strategy to maximize oil recovery and CO2 storage ratio. Specifically, it compares the performance of pure CO2 water-alternating gas (WAG),...

Constructing a stable cathode‐electrolyte‐interphase (CEI) on cathode surface constitutes the foundation of realizing high‐voltage Li‐ion batteries, yet its formation, a highly heterogeneous process involving irreversible reactions between electrolyte components and cathode materials, remains poorly understood. Herein, combining multiple in situ/op...

To address the global challenge of reducing CO 2 emissions in the cement industry, barium (Ba)-doped rankinite (C 3 S 2) was successfully developed to enhance carbonation reactivity and CO 2 sequestration. The synthesis, carbonation strength, reaction products, CO 2 uptake efficiency, and microstructural evolution were evaluated to identify the opt...

Large Igneous Province (LIP) eruptions are thought to have driven environmental and climate change over wide temporal scales ranging from a few to thousands of years. Since the radiative effects and atmospheric lifetime of carbon dioxide (CO2, warming) and sulfur dioxide (SO2, cooling) are very different, the conventional assumption has been to ana...

Microalgae show promise as a biomass and bioproduct for applications in various industries. The cultivation of microalgae plays a crucial role in optimizing biomass yield and bioproduct accumulation. The provision of inorganic carbon substrates substantially enhances microalgal growth and lipid biosynthesis, resulting in marked increases in the pro...

Premature deterioration of reinforced concrete structures, often caused by chloride and carbonation-induced corrosion, significantly shortens service life. In many instances, signs of degradation such as cracks in the cover concrete appear within a few years of construction. This study evaluates the effect of mixture proportions on the durability-r...

Presently, geothermal resources have been globally recognized as an indispensable component of the energy system due to their sustainability. However, previous studies on geothermal reservoirs focus primarily on single reservoirs, lacking a systematic investigation of composite geothermal reservoirs. The geothermal reservoirs in the northwestern Sh...

Global warming and related climate change urgently call for approaches to reduce carbon emissions and simultaneously reuse them as readily available carbon sources. Carbon dioxide (CO2) represents the most familiar one and conversion of it into useful organic compounds can be both economically and environmentally attractive. To enable these targets...

The behavior of iron carbonates at high pressures is relevant for geological processes occurring in Earth interiors. Here, cubic iron sp³-carbonate Fe2[C4O10] was synthesized in diamond anvil cell by reacting Fe2O3 and CO2 at 65(4) GPa and 3000(±500) K, simulating the environment of localized thermal anomalies in the mantle. The crystal structure,...

The accumulation of steel slag has become a significant obstacle for the steel industry in achieving ultra-low emission targets. Given its composition is similar to that of road construction materials, steel slag holds substantial potential for application in sustainable road construction. This study investigated the current status and future trend...

Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is one of the important green chemicals, and the oxidative carbonylation of methanol is thermodynamically beneficial, which has been regarded as the most promising route for DMC synthesis. Herein, this review highlights recent developments in various catalysts for synthesizing DMC via oxidative carbonylation of methanol. In...

Present wetlands have proven to be delicate, biodiverse ecosystems, that are natural sinks for CO2 and act as good indicators for climate changes. This means that ancient wetlands found in the fossil record may be very useful for inferring past climate changes. Since the times of early humans, wetlands have played an important role in providing res...

The solvation environments of Li$^+$ in conventional non-aqueous battery electrolytes, such as LiPF$_6$ in mixtures of ethylene carbaronate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), are often used to rationalize the transport properties of electrolytes and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. In the SEI, the solvation environments in the comp...

This study investigates the use of bean husks as a precursor for the synthesis of an efficient and regenerable catalyst, with the aim of offering an economical and sustainable alternative for biodiesel production. Residual bean shell biomass (RBBH) was calcined at different temperatures (350–500 °C) and times (1–4 h) to determine the optimum synthe...

The present study investigated the ureolytic airborne bacteria for microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) applications, seeking resilient strains in order to address the problems of bacterial survivability and adaptability in biocementation treatment and to contribute a robust approach that can effectively stabilize diverse soils. Since t...

Permeability prediction is a crucial aspect of reservoir characterization, typically derived from core analysis. Using mercury injection test data, permeability can also be predicted. Various models have been proposed for permeability estimation, with their coefficients depending on the pore geometry, rock heterogeneity, and pore throat size. Most...

LiNO3 is known to significantly enhance the reversibility of lithium metal batteries; however, the modification of solvation structures in various solvents and its further impact on the interface have not been fully revealed. Herein, we systematically studied the evolution of solvation structures with increasing LiNO3 concentration in both carbonat...

Biomass waste like a banana peel is an appropriate precursor for preparing activated carbon through chemical activation. Banana peel shows promise for commercial usage because of its efficiency and widespread availability. The prepared activated carbon derived from banana peel possesses high porosity and massive surface area making it an efficient...

Ethylene carbonate is, among other applications, used in Li-ion batteries as an electrolyte solvent to dissociate Li-salt. Supercritical CO2 extraction is a promising method for the recycling of electrolyte solvents from spent batteries. To design an extraction process, knowledge of the solute solubility is essential. In this work, the solubility o...

The distribution of kerogen and its thermal maturity within petroleum source rocks is often associated with uncertainties and subjective interpretations, particularly regarding the impact of source-rock bitumen and free hydrocarbons (oils) on pyrolysis results. Various fluids—such as free hydrocarbons, expelled bitumen, and residual heavy hydrocarb...

A novel 3D porous Cu(II)-metal-organic framework (MOF) with exposed Lewis acidic Cu sites has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions utilizing the new tetratopic linker, 4'-((3,5-dicarboxyphenoxy)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. The synthesized Cu(II)-MOF is thoroughly characterized by various physicochemical methods: powder X...

Cotton is a widely cultivated cash crop and represents one of the most significant raw materials for textiles on a global scale. The rapid development of the cotton industry has resulted in the production of substantial amounts of cotton husks, which are frequently underutilized or discarded. This study utilizes agricultural waste, specifically cot...

Electrolytes with anion‐rich solvated structures are promising for high‐voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs) due to their good interfacial compatibility. Nevertheless, limited Li‐ion transport of these electrolytes has hindered their high‐rate application. Here we demonstrate that Li‐ion transport in anion‐rich solvated electrolytes could be faci...

This article examines the caves of the Moroccan Middle Atlas using a multi-scale approach, both at the regional and outcrop levels. Our study employs a dual approach, combining numerical analysis and field observation, to investigate the formation of karst features. The results reveal a notable diversity in cave morphology, shaped by regional geolo...

Carbonate reservoirs have various types of reservoir spaces and complex pore structures, so the evaluation of microscopic pore structures is of great significance to favorable reservoir identification. In order to accurately characterize the micro-pore structure of carbonate reservoir, this paper uses the NMR experiment, high-pressure mercury injec...

The study focuses on the Central Fergana region, which is characterized by an arid climate and low natural drainage capacity. It has been observed that even the salts accumulating at a slow rate in such soils eventually reach significant concentrations. In irrigated lands, an additional 1–1.5 g of salts per liter of irrigation water is continuously...

This study investigates groundwater flow patterns in a landslide area above the settlement of Koroška Bela in NW Slovenia using a series of tracer tests with sodium chloride (NaCl) and fluorescein (uranine). The tracer experiments, using a combination of pumping tests and continuous groundwater observations, reveal two distinct groundwater flow hor...

Several new foraminiferal taxa are described from the Changhsingian carbonates of southern Turkey, and their evolutionary relationships are discussed within the middle to late Permian time frame. Comprising Retroseptellina , Septoglobivalvulina , and Paraglobivalvulinoides , Retroseptellininae n. subfam. originated in the Wordian with thin and dens...

This study is constituted of the chemical activation of camelina meal (CM) biochar and the utilization of these activated carbon for the adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from water. Camelina meal, a sustainable agro-based byproduct, underwent slow pyrolysis and subsequent chemical activation with potassium carbonate (K2CO3), potassium hy...

The high‐capacity silicon (Si) anode usually suffers from rapid capacity decay and low Coulombic efficiency in carbonate electrolytes resulting from large volume expansion and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). In addition, the sluggish electrode kinetics in routine electrolytes at subzero temperatures severely hampers the operational cap...

Dual-porosity carbonates exhibit abundant macropores and micropores, yet the mechanisms governing oil/water flow at the dual-porosity scale remain inadequately understood. This study investigates the flow behavior in dual-porosity carbonates during forced imbibition. Initially, carbonate characteristics were extracted using a random field method to...

Physical entrainment of suspended pollutants in water via filtration is one of the cheapest and easiest means of improving the quality of water to a degree that is fit for some beneficial use. Agri-wastes from local and endemic crops have the potential to be used as filter media. Despite their above-mentioned potential, these have yet to be thoroug...

The Marius Canal is considered the first significant Roman hydraulic infrastructure in Gaul. This navigable canal, constructed at the end of the 2nd century BCE, was located in the Rhône Delta in southern France, connecting the Rhône River to the Mediterranean Sea. In the period following the construction of the canal, the large port known as Fossa...

Building sustainable earth construction to replace cement concrete is a major challenge in fast-developing tropical regions. Poured earth, shaped like concrete, offers a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative. Poured earth usually relies on industrial dispersants and hydraulic binders to fluidify and solidify the soil paste. However, these add...

Stubble burning is a traditional soil management method that affects soil quality and fertility and has often been preferred by farmers. In this study conducted to understand the short-term effects of stubble burning on soil properties in alkaline agricultural soils, 100 soil samples were taken from 20 wheat fields with stubble burned (STB, n=10) a...

A block-type of three-dimensional carbonate apatite bone graft (3D-CO3Ap) is demanded for applying large bone defects. Although we fabricated the 3D-CO3Ap with high mechanical strength by fusing polymer-bound spherical precursor, the optimized condition has not yet been found. In this study, we indicated the optimized condition for 3D-CO3Ap by cont...