Science topic

Carbon Monoxide - Science topic

Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Questions related to Carbon Monoxide
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
Where can I obtain temperature sensors (such as thermocouples and IR cameras), pressure sensors, and gas analyzers (for CO₂, O₂, CO, NOₓ, and H₂O)? These will be used in Bucharest, Romania, and we are prepared to cover the costs for transportation, consumables, and equipment rental as part of an energy study on propulsion systems.
Relevant answer
Answer
I suggest Honeywell, RC Systems, or Figaro Sensor. I wait this information can be available.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
Question:I am conducting computational research on a ketone structure that contains two tetrazole rings and a carbon-oxygen bridge (CO). My goal is to remove the CO group and achieve a self-coupled product, similar to TKX-50, which involves the coupling of the tetrazole rings. However, I am encountering high energy barriers in this process, making it challenging to achieve the desired transformation.
Has anyone encountered similar challenges in overcoming high energy barriers during the removal of CO in similar systems? I am particularly interested in computational methods or strategies that can help lower these barriers, facilitate the self-coupling of the tetrazole rings, and provide insights into optimizing the reaction mechanism.
Additionally, any suggestions regarding non-metalic strategies, solvent conditions, or electronic modifications that may aid in lowering the activation energy would be greatly appreciated.
Relevant answer
Answer
You can reduce carbonyl group by wolff-kishner reduction by using hydrazine with sodium hydroxide.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
5 answers
I am attempting to plot a Boudouard diagram using Python in Google Colab. However, the results do not match the diagrams typically found in textbooks. Could anyone advise on how to obtain accurate thermodynamic data for the calculations and ensure the diagram is correctly drawn? Any suggestions or resources would be greatly appreciated.
The image from and the one I drawn.
Relevant answer
Answer
It seems OK now. I will try to add data from other sources.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
"Given the following parameters for water-gas shift reaction:
  • Feed gas composition in volume %
  • CO conversion percentage
  • CO2 selectivity percentage
Relevant answer
Answer
Hydrogen holds immense potential as a sustainable energy source as a result of its eco-friendliness and high energy density. Thus, hydrogen can solve the energy and environmental challenges. However, it is crucial to produce hydrogen using sustainable approaches in a cost-efficient manner. Currently, hydrogen can be produced by utilizing diverse feedstocks, such as natural gas, methane, ammonia, smaller organic molecules (methanol, ethanol, glycerol, and formic acid), biomass, and water. These feedstocks undergo conversion into hydrogen through different catalytic processes, including steam reforming, pyrolysis, catalytic decomposition, gasification, electrolysis, and photo-assisted methods (photoelectrochemical, photocatalysis, and biophotolysis). Researchers have extensively explored various catalysts, including metals, alloys, oxides, non-oxides, carbon-based materials, and metal–organic frameworks, for these catalytic methods. The primary objectives have been to attain higher activity, selectivity, stability, and cost effectiveness in hydrogen generation. The efficacy of these catalytic processes is significantly dependent upon the performance of the catalysts, emphasizing the need for further research and development to create more efficient catalysts. However, during catalytic hydrogen production, gases like CO2, O2, CO, N2, etc. are produced alongside hydrogen. Separation techniques, such as pressure swing adsorption, metal hydride separation, and membrane separation, are employed to obtain high-purity hydrogen. Furthermore, a techno-economic analysis indicates that catalytic hydrogen production through steam reforming of natural gas/methane is currently viable and commercially successful. Photovoltaic electrolysis has been commercialized, but the cost of hydrogen production is still higher. Meanwhile, other photo-assisted methods are in the development phase and hold the potential for future commercialization.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
I recently tried to use select permanent gases/CO2 column (CP7429) for the separation of N2, O2, CH4, CO, H2 and CO2. The column has both the molesieve and the Parabond PLOT Q column mounted in parallel to achieve this separation. Please I will like to discuss with anyone who has tried or successfully used this column for analysis. Thanks.
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi,
Did you eventually figure out if this column is suitable for the separation/detection of your gases? I am dealing with the same problem and would like to learn from your experience. Thanks a lot !
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
Hi all,
Has anyone here ever used a GC column that can separate the following gases?
O2, N2, CO, CO2, CH4, H2
I would appreciate any useful information
Thanks!!!!!!!!!
Relevant answer
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
5 answers
I need to calculate the correlations between excess CO and excess CO2 of my ambient measurements.
Relevant answer
Answer
The best method to assess the ratios between co-emitted compounds like CO and CO₂ in atmospheric measurements is through in-situ gas analyzers using techniques such as cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These methods provide high precision and real-time measurements of both gases. Additionally, using emission factor analysis from known sources can help estimate ratios.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
4 answers
Abstract: There is gas in the container: CO, O2, CO2, and solid C, among which there are four equations: three chemical equilibrium equations and one element conservation equation, but there are only three variables: the densities of three kinds of gases. In this way, the number of equations is greater than the number of variables, there is no solution, an isolated system has no equilibrium state, and the second law of thermodynamics fails.
See image for details
Scientists can determine the truth of the second law of thermodynamics as long as they can count. Come on!
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Bo Miao ,
I understand your concern, as at first glance, it seems like there are more equations than variables, which could imply that there is no solution. However, upon a more rigorous mathematical analysis, I believe the second law still holds in this case.
In your system, you have CO, O2, CO2 gases, and solid carbon (C) with three chemical equilibrium reactions: 2CO + O2 ⇌ CO2, C + O2 ⇌ CO2, and C + CO2 ⇌ 2CO. The corresponding equilibrium equations are ρ_co^2 / (ρ_co2 * ρ_o2) = K1, ρ_co2 / ρ_o2 = K2, and ρ_co^2 / ρ_co2 = K3. Additionally, you have an element conservation equation, 0.5ρ_co + ρ_co2 + ρ_o2 = A, where A is the average concentration of O2.
The equilibrium constants K1, K2, and K3 are not independent variables. They are related to the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) of each reaction at a given temperature T by the equation ΔG = -RT ln(K), where R is the gas constant. Therefore, only two of the three K values are independent.
We can rewrite the equilibrium equations in terms of ΔG: ΔG1 = -RT ln(K1) = -RT ln(ρ_co^2 / (ρ_co2 * ρ_o2)), ΔG2 = -RT ln(K2) = -RT ln(ρ_co2 / ρ_o2), and ΔG3 = -RT ln(K3) = -RT ln(ρ_co^2 / ρ_co2). The sum of the ΔG values for the three reactions must be zero, as the overall process is at equilibrium: ΔG1 + ΔG2 + ΔG3 = 0. Substituting the expressions for ΔG1, ΔG2, and ΔG3, we get -RT ln(ρ_co^2 / (ρ_co2 * ρ_o2)) - RT ln(ρ_co2 / ρ_o2) - RT ln(ρ_co^2 / ρ_co2) = 0.
This equation, along with the element conservation equation, forms a system of two equations with three variables (ρ_co, ρ_co2, ρ_o2). While this system is underdetermined, it does not necessarily mean there is no solution or that the second law of thermodynamics is violated. The second law states that the entropy of an isolated system at equilibrium is maximum, and the change in Gibbs free energy is zero. The equilibrium state of this system, if it exists, would satisfy these conditions.
The apparent contradiction between the number of equations and variables in this chemical system does not inherently violate the second law of thermodynamics. The equilibrium constants are related through the Gibbs free energy, reducing the number of independent equations. The system may have an equilibrium state consistent with the second law, even if it is not uniquely determined by the given equations alone. Additional constraints, such as the positivity of concentrations or the minimization of Gibbs free energy, could potentially lead to a unique solution.
The second law of thermodynamics is a fundamental principle that has been extensively verified experimentally. I think it is important to critically examine such principles, but the presented argument does not provide sufficient evidence to overturn this well-established law.
Best,
Alessandro Rizzo
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
Abstract: There are gases in the container: N0, NO2, CO, CO2, O2. Since O2 can participate in two chemical reactions at the same time, five related equations can be generated. After simplification, a one variable nine degree equation will be obtained, which will have multiple equilibrium solutions. The second law of thermodynamics requires that the equilibrium state is unique, and the system will be in a non-equilibrium chemical state.
See image for details
Relevant answer
Answer
So what is the problem? You obtain more than one solution; one of them has the lowest Gibbs energy (assuming that you keep the pressure and the temperature constant), and that is the stable state.
Changing the conditions, i.e., adding a mixture component, can eventually make the system jump to another stable state. This phenomenon has been described, for instance, for the ammonia synthesis from hydrogen and nitrogen.
There is no problem with the 2nd Law.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
4 answers
I haven't observed any products with C3N4 and TiO2.
Relevant answer
Answer
thank you so much! @Haiwei Su
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
I am doing a reaction in which terminal alkene was broken down into ketone, aldehyde, and another by product aldehyde (formaldehyde). The problem is that this formaldehyde reacts with another substrate, which causes a decrease in yield. I need to scavenge the formaldehyde (maybe the radial). Note that all these reactions are going on via a photocatalytic system.
Relevant answer
Answer
Photocatalytic processes are very complex. The selective scavenge of formaldehyde does not exist. An addition of whatever chemical to the system will make the system more complex. In order to better understand the role of formaldehyde, try to add some known amount of formaldehyde and see what happens.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
In modern warfare, the preparation and execution of Cyberspace Operations (COs) pose unique challenges distinct from traditional military planning. CO planners are tasked with analysing the operational environment and developing Courses of action. That navigate technical peculiarities inherent to cyberspace, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the logical layer. However, despite the prominence of the logical layer in COs, a critical need exists to incorporate elements from other layers for a holistic approach. The overarching problem lies in maintaining a practical overview of the Cyberspace Operations operational area and the need for a systematic planning framework within the logical layer.
Relevant answer
Answer
Effective cyberspace operations require advanced planning and real-time adaptation fueled by rich situational awareness. Success hinges on operators’ ability to orient within a complex, rapidly evolving digital battlefield. To strengthen planning and awareness, organizations should focus on improving coordination, intelligence, flexibility, and visualization.
Enhancing coordination across units promotes information sharing and convergence of cyber activities with broader operational goals. Formal collaboration mechanisms like liaison officers, integrated planning teams, and joint targeting sessions help break down silos between cyber and other warfighting domains. Issues like deconflicting cyber effects or supporting kinetic operations arise more smoothly through robust coordination.
Intelligence fuels planning by revealing critical targets, weaknesses, and windows of opportunity. Robust, fused intelligence from both automated and HUMINT sources sharpens the operating picture. Cyber teams should participate directly in intelligence processes and leverage AI analytics, compromising adversary networks, and partner agency inputs to continuously update plans against the most critical targets.
As cyber battles unfold rapidly, organizations must promote tactical flexibility to adapt. Mission-focused command philosophies enable operators to exploit fleeting opportunities that diverge from the original plan. Decentralized authority, thinly-specified playbooks, and left-of-boom decision making afford creativity in achieving commanders’ intent.
Finally, user-friendly visualization dashboards orient planners and operators to the unfolding situation. Integrating sensor data, intelligence feeds, network schemas, battle damage assessments and operation status into a common operational picture makes complex dynamics digestible. Intuitive UIs accelerating OODA loop decision-making as cyber skirmishes unfold at machine speed.
By emphasizing coordination, intelligence, flexibility and visualization, leaders can enhance situational awareness and planning to outmaneuver advanced threats. The complex and chaotic nature of cyberspace operations rewards organizations who prepare rigorously yet think creatively in winning high-stakes battles across the digital domain.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
4 answers
Considering that steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, how can we expect to produce steel with zero percent carbon dioxide? In fact, due to the presence of carbon, we will definitely produce CO, and CO2. I wonder why the term green steel was developed today with the goal of zero carbon dioxide production.
Relevant answer
Answer
On British television to-day it was stated that the UK effort to-wards nett zero emissions would involve the use of electric arc furnaces and hydrogen reduction processes to produce steel and the raw/ input material included large quantities of scrap steel. It must be remembered that that the steel making process starts with iron ore and with current technology this needs high grade coal and limestone for the reduction process. The gases evolving include a substantial quantity of carbon monoxide. it will be interesting to see whether we can eliminate all carbon input in the iron ore to high grade, including military grade, steel. Stephen A Lloyd.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
Greeting Researchers
What is the accepted level of CO and NOx gas emission to the atmosphere ????
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Samar
Kindly check my publication. Here I have mentioned accepted levels (Table 2) for rural and urban areas.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
Greetings,
Please how can i plot Cross or CO polarization on both hfss and cst
Thank you
Relevant answer
Answer
Please find the attached file for steps to plot co/cross pol patterns in HFSS. Hope it helps.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
Difference CO PULSE and CO2 PUSLE CHEMISORPTION for a catalyst characterization ? what are the information we will get from this experiments?
Also the diffrence between the NH3 TPD and Co2 TPD?
Relevant answer
NH3-TPD is for identifying the total acidity, while CO2-TPD is for identifying the total basicity of the catalyst.
The major difference between CO-Pulse and CO2-Pulse is the gas used for the chemisorption. CO-Pulse chemisorption generally used to measure the dispersion of metal onto the support.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
find the flame temperature or adiabatic flame temperature of syngas with the following composition:
  • O2 - 6.7
  • CO - 2.2
  • H2 - 2.5
  • CO2 - 12.42
  • CH4 - 2.97
  • GCV - Calculated at 3.39
Looking to find the method and an example please as this isnt really a strong point of mine and I have found myself deep down a hole!!!
Relevant answer
Answer
I had the same issue. Iz Thelegend, you can check the following link. It might help in finding the right keywords:
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
Many noble metal catalysts require hydrogen pretreatment for the oxidation of carbon monoxide. What is the purpose of this?
Relevant answer
Answer
The hydrogen pretreatment of many noble metal catalysts for oxidising carbon monoxide (CO) is a well-known process that enhances catalytic activity. The reasons for this are multifaceted and include changes to the catalyst surface, oxidation state, and active site accessibility. Here's a breakdown of why hydrogen reduction might lead to an increase in the activity of a CO oxidation catalyst:
  1. Removal of Surface Oxides: Noble metals like Pt, Pd, and Rh can form surface oxides that block active sites. The reduction with hydrogen (H2) can remove these oxides, freeing up more surface area and exposing fresh active sites for CO oxidation.
  2. Changing the Oxidation State: Some noble metal catalysts work more efficiently in a particular oxidation state. Hydrogen reduction can change the oxidation state of the metal, possibly rendering it more active for the particular reaction.
  3. Redistribution of Active Sites: The interaction of hydrogen with the catalyst surface may lead to a redistribution of the active sites, creating more favourable sites for CO oxidation.
  4. Enhanced Dispersion: Reduction with hydrogen can lead to a higher dispersion of the metal particles on the support, thereby increasing the surface area available for the reaction. This, in turn, can enhance the catalytic activity.
  5. Modifying Electronic Properties: Hydrogen can modify the electronic structure of the metal, possibly leading to an increased affinity for CO or oxygen, depending on the particular mechanism of the reaction. This could change the rate at which intermediates are formed or products are released, leading to a higher catalytic activity.
  6. Activation of the Support: If the catalyst is supported on a material like a metal oxide, hydrogen reduction can also modify the properties of the support itself, leading to a synergistic effect that enhances CO oxidation.
  7. Cleaning the Surface: Hydrogen can also remove impurities and contaminants from the catalyst's surface, which may hinder the catalytic activity.
In summary, hydrogen pretreatment is not a one-size-fits-all method, and the actual mechanism can depend on the specific catalyst, support, reaction conditions, and other factors. It often requires careful characterization and understanding of the catalyst system to utilize hydrogen pretreatment effectively. Research in this area continues, and modern surface science and catalysis techniques are providing more insights into these complex processes.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
Wondering, if the addition of DEE with biodiesel influences the HC, CO, NO and Smoke emissions. Its a great honor to get answer from expertise answer from the RG community. Kindly provide your valuable answers.
Relevant answer
Answer
DEE does influence the emission outcomes from a diesel engine.
One important property of DEE is its high Cetane number, which helps to improve combustion, reduce ignition delay period etc, which are higher with the usage of biodiesel fuels. Which in turn leads to variations in the emissions and performance outcome.
You can find many more papers in this topic.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
I am working on a paper regarding the impact of air pollution on warming the Global Climate. So, I need to know about the Global Warming potential values of different air pollutants. Therefore, I am requesting to all reasearch community to help me in this regard.
Relevant answer
Answer
I’m going to start my response with a quote from a 20-year-old paper: “GWP values cannot easily be developed for all substances known to have an impact on climate. Calculations of GWPs for some species are problematic and controversial, notably substances whose chemical lifetime is shorter than the time for homogeneous mixing in the troposphere” (Fuglestvedt et al. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023905326842). All three of the molecules you mentioned have short atmospheric lifetimes, which may be part of the reason that their GWPs aren’t easy to find.
That said, Chapter 8 in the 2013 IPCC Working Group I synthesis report (Myhre et al. 2013. Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) has some information that you might find useful (there also may be updated information in the 2023 IPCC synthesis report). Specifically, I suggest that Section 8.7.2.2 (Metrics for Near-term Climate Forcing), Table 8.A.3 (for NOx), and Table 8.A.4 (for CO) will be particularly helpful. I was particularly struck by the high geographic variability in the GWPs for NOx, which is probably related to its short atmospheric lifetime.
I did not see similar text or tables about ozone, which I suspect is because the radiative effects of ozone are included in the GWPs for molecules such as CO and NOx. In support of this, I note that Section 8.7.2.2 in the same IPCC chapter says, “Metric values for NOX usually include the short-lived ozone effect, CH4 changes and the CH4-controlled O3 response” and “Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) lead to production of ozone on short time scales. By affecting OH and thereby the levels of CH4 they also initiate a positive long-term ozone effect.” I’m getting outside my direct area of expertise here, but it seems that using GWPs for O3, CO, and NOx could result in some “double-counting” of the climate impacts of these gases.
Good luck with your paper.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
If we try to reduce iron ores by carbon monoxide - by injecting from different tuyere lances- and replace metallurgical coke with it in the blast furnaces. What is the maximum met. coke replacement with CO theoretically? Is 90% reduction of coke possible? And the rest 10% of met. coke would be used for mechanical support of the furnace?
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Berkman
best times for you
Replacing metallurgical coke with carbon monoxide in a blast furnace is a complex process that depends on various factors such as the iron ore properties, the injection system design, the operating conditions, and the desired quality of the final product. Therefore, there is no single maximum limit for coke replacement with carbon monoxide.
However, it is important to note that coke plays a critical role in the blast furnace process by providing both heat and reducing agents. The heat generated by the combustion of coke is necessary for melting the iron ore and the reducing agents produced by coke reactions with CO2 and Fe2O3 are necessary for converting the iron ore to metallic iron.
Replacing coke with carbon monoxide in the blast furnace injection system can potentially reduce the amount of coke required and improve the overall efficiency of the process. However, the amount of coke replacement with carbon monoxide is limited by the availability of reducing agents and the need to maintain sufficient heat in the furnace.
Several studies have shown that up to 20% of coke replacement with carbon monoxide is possible in the blast furnace injection system. However, the actual coke replacement limit may vary depending on the specific conditions of the blast furnace operation and the desired quality of the final product.
best regards
raghd
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
If the mixture of CO gas and high purity air is allowed to pass through bed of SiO2 (7.54 cm3 vol.). At What temperature CO will convert to CO2. Please
Relevant answer
Answer
Temperature range will be 200 to 280 Deg C
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
Hello.Please explain why the guidelines for air pollutants concentrations are higher in an indoor environment than in an outdoor environment.Like in case of PM10, 50µg/m3 (24-hr mean) for indoor (WHO, 2005& 2010) and 45 µg/m3 (24-hour) for outdoor (WHO, 2021).Same for CO, 7 µg/m3 (for 24 hours) for outdoor (WHO, 2021) and 7 mg/m3 (for 24 hours) for indoor (WHO, 2005 & 2010).Kindly elaborate with some supporting documents. Thank you.e air pollutants' (PM10, PM2.5, CO, etc.) concentration guidelines (like WHO, EPA, Singapore, etc.) higher indoors than outdoors?
Hello.
Please explain why the guidelines for air pollutants concentrations are higher in an indoor environment than in an outdoor environment.
Like in case of PM10, 50µg/m3 (24-hr mean) for indoor (WHO, 2005& 2010) and 45 µg/m3 (24-hour) for outdoor (WHO, 2021).
Same for CO, 7 µg/m3 (for 24 hours) for outdoor (WHO, 2021) and 7 mg/m3 (for 24 hours) for indoor (WHO, 2005 & 2010).
As we are spending our majority of the time (80 to 90 %) in an indoor environment, and indoor environment are believed to be less polluted compared to outdoor environment in common belief so air pollutants guidelines must be lesser in indoor compared to outdoor environment.
Kindly elaborate with some supporting documents. Thank you.
Relevant answer
Answer
The explanation may be quite simple - the date of publication of these guidelines is distant in time by more than 15 years. For outdoor air, they have been published recently. For indoor air the guidelines are from 2005 and may be revised soon. I am a member of ISIAQ (International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Qlimate) https://www.isiaq.org/. One of our scientific committees has prepared the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) guidelines database. More information can be found at the links https://ieqguidelines.org/
I hope these data will be of help to you. Regards, Amelia
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
I need a papers about designing MOF for capturing CO. I searched so much about it but i don't have any idea how i should start.
Relevant answer
Answer
Designing a MOF for capturing CO involves several steps. Here is a general overview of the process:
  1. Identify a metal ion that can form a stable complex with CO. Metal ions such as Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ are commonly used in MOFs for CO capture.
  2. Select an organic linker that can coordinate with the metal ion and also bind to CO. Common linkers used in MOFs for CO capture include imidazole and pyrazine.
  3. Synthesize the MOF using a suitable method such as solvothermal or hydrothermal synthesis. This method allows for the formation of the MOF crystal structure.
  4. Characterize the MOF using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms to determine its crystal structure, surface area, and pore size.
  5. Evaluate the CO uptake and release properties of the MOF using techniques such as volumetric adsorption or gas chromatography.
  6. Optimize the MOF structure by modifying the metal ion or linker to improve its CO capture properties.
  7. Test the MOF's stability and recycling performance under different conditions, such as varying temperatures, pressures and humidities.
Please note that this is a general overview of designing a MOF for capturing CO. A more detailed study of the literature is required to design specific MOFs.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
5 answers
I ran a simulation but in the results I only get de CO2 production. I wonder if it is necessary to activate any additional boxes or I am missing something.
Relevant answer
Answer
I think you can use rgibbs to produces the thermal and prompt nox, but for the fuel nox, it needs experimental data. You can refer to this paper
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
Box models such as Geocarbsulf (2006) indicate that the mass of O2 has changed over geological time and Johnson & Goldblatt note in their EarthN model that N2 has also not been constant; thus Patm has probably varied together with pCO2.
At the ocean interface there is a fractionation of 13C which has been actively examined at different temperatures and values are higher, for example, in colder waters. It seems likely that the very high Henry's Constant for CO@ would alos facilitate higher 13C values at higher Patm. I could not find, however, any experimental (or theoretical) work on this
Regards
Alan
Relevant answer
Answer
There were a couple of typos in the question, a cleaner version follows:
"Box models such as Geocarbsulf (2006) indicate that the mass of O2 has changed over geological time and Johnson & Goldblatt note in their EarthN model that N2 has also not been constant; thus Patm has probably varied over time as has pCO2.
At the ocean interface there is a fractionation of 13C which has been actively examined at different temperatures and values are higher, for example, in colder waters. At higher Patm (i.e. higher energy) the stronger 13C bonds may be more easily overcome allowing for higher 13C values. I could not find, however, any experimental (or theoretical) work on this.
Best
Alan
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
There is a database (Real) I am looking for that has ambient air refration indices based on carbon monoxide concentrations?
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Prof. Bouazzi
Unfortunately, there is no specific database that contains this information. However, you can find ambient air refraction indices based on carbon monoxide concentrations in various environmental studies. You can search for these studies in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. You can also search for government documents, such as the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Air Quality Index, which includes information on ambient air refraction indices.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
How to convert the IC engine exhaust gas emission measurement in ppm (NOx, HC) and % (CO, smoke & CO2) into g/kWh and g/Km?
Relevant answer
Answer
BSHC = (HCin ppm × Molecular weight of HC × (mass of fuel + mass of air) × 3600 × 1000)/ (Molecular weight of exhaust gas × 1000000 × Brake Power)
The converstion formula is given in the follwoing paper
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
n/a
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello Vivek,
A mixture of KMnO4 and NaOH can be used.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
7 answers
I have been using folmer primer for the amplication of CO I gene in Caridean shrimps. But even though the DNA quantity is good, I'm not getting bands in AGE after doing PCR. I tried with dilution of DNA in 1/10 and 1/20 and put it on a gradient temperature PCR at an annealing temperature range of 47-55 degrees. Can anyone help me with this problem?
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Vineesh, May be before going for the PCR please check the primer in AGE first then try to go for Touchdown PCR. Less amount of DNA is good, Please see if it is a Universal primer having degenerate bases sometimes this happens. But please go for touchdown PCR it may help.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
I have observed a similar decreasing trend for both CO and CO2 emissions in gasoline engine when increasing the load. what will be the reason for this effect?
Relevant answer
Answer
Better combustion i figger.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
I want to use mercury as sodium-amalgam for reaction in Tube-type reactor.
1) Do mercury attach to surface of metal reactor?
2) If mercury binds to reactor, we can clean it up? with what?
Reaction condition is like that 60 psi of CO, at least 20 hours, and 60 celcious degree.
Thank you for your recommand!
Relevant answer
Answer
What is the surface element of the reactor? Sodium sulfite stabilizes Hg.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
The procedures in the literature are vague about details. We followed a general procedure from the literature and ended up with dark brown precipitate which is not the general appearance of the material. I appreciate your help in advance.
Relevant answer
Hello,
Here you are.
I hope this link can help you:
Best wishes
F.Nazari Khanamiri
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
5 answers
I need to measure gas concentration in a system before and after filtering. But I don't have access to some of these gases sensors and I don't have enough information about available analysis methods for this purpose. Is there any analysis method capable of doing that for me?
Relevant answer
Answer
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
50 cc/min
Relevant answer
Answer
Zakia Akter Sonia, Just divide the gas flow rate by the catalyst volume, here in cc, and multiply by 60 to refer to one hour.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
Dear all,
Is it possible to separate CO2 from syngas without affecting CO concentration? I got syngas from wood gasification that consists of H2 (32%), CO (21%), CO2 (15%), N2 (30%), and CH4 (2%). I want to remove CO2 to perform CO-methanation without CO2. To what extent this is possible?
Thank you
Relevant answer
Answer
The Syn Gas can be absorbed MEA solution , aqueous MEA is used to remove carbon dioxide (CO 2) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) from various gas streams; e.g., flue gas and sour natural gas or Hot Potassium Carbonate ((K2CO3))solution.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
Why steam to carbon ratio is increased with decreasing the feed flow rate at the reformer inlet?
Also why Steam/CO ratio is increased at inlet of isothermal (MT) shift reactor inlet at turn-down condition? -
Relevant answer
Answer
Decreasing in the flow rate will increase the residence time which may favor the formation of more by-products. The catalyst and its selectivity will also play an important role.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
I have heard that the new BME688 sensor can be used to detect Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), and other gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen. However, we could not really understand how to interface this sensor and which codes to use in order to obtain these data. Presently, we know of codes that can help us find out Air Quality Index but that is limited to temperature, pressure, and humidity. If anyone has researched about it or knows a way to obtain the other data using Raspberry Pi, please let me know! Thanks!
Relevant answer
Answer
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
I'm currently working on a batch type gas phase photocatalytic reaction. For product analysis, i draw the gas samples from the reactor using a gas tight syringe and then inject directly into the GC column (GC TCD/FID) through septum. As for now, I'm using 0.5ml of gas samples, but i found that there is poor data reproducibility and the signal for CO peak is too strong for both TCD and FID throughout reaction period. I'm aware that FID should not detect CO but in my case the signal for CO is HUGE! However, I'm getting good results for other gas products such as H2, C2H6 and C2H4. I suspect the volume of gas sample could be one of the reasons, therefore if anyone have experience in analyzing gas samples by manually injecting into GC, please share your thoughts. Thanks in advance.
Relevant answer
Answer
Moles of the gas have an impact on the pressure drop in the loop so if you adjust your method to fill up the loop and inject it later, that solved the problem in my case.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
Clostridium acetobutylicum is a solventogenic bacteria, still can it use C1 compounds like CO and CO2 as substrates for fermentation process.
Relevant answer
Answer
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
Hi,
I am working on Fuel Cells, especially SOFC. I am using a tool to model the SOFC. While providing data for Polarization Curves, the tool request for Limiting and Exchange Current Density for Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide individually. I thought that these two parameters are specific to the Fuel Cell chosen. Literature & books I have verified so far has listed these two parameters concerning Fuel Cell of choice.
Is there something I am missing over here? I would be glad to learn and understand the theory & methods to estimate the limiting and exchange current density for the 3 elements H2, O2, & CO. I wanted to understand why did the tool choose limiting and exchange current density for 3 chemical elements H2, CO, O2 separately.
Thank you
Regards
Raghu
Relevant answer
Answer
Actually, I suggest you be more precise with your question.
Perhaps my answer however can help you I guess.
In the actual SOFC systems, fuels containing CO and various hydrocarbons associated with internal reforming can be used on the anode side. Internal reforming reaction and shift reaction should be then taken into account. i.e., CO(g)+H2O(g)⇌CO2(g)+H2O(g)
In addition, if CO(g) is involved in the electrochemical reactions, the corresponding reactions with CO should be taken into account.
In addition, I'd like you to learn formulating the exchange current density of SOFC electrodes as a function of equilibrium constants of adsorption and dissociation reactions, rate constants of electrochemical reactions, and gas partial pressures.
.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
13 answers
CO methanation : CO + 3H2 ↔ CH4 + H2O ; △H°298K = −206 kJ/mol
CO2 methanation: CO2 + 4H2 ↔ CH4 + 2H2O ; △H°298K = −165 kJ/mol
Based on the equation above, we can conclude that CO2 methanation is easier to occur since its heat of formation is lower (-165 kJ/mol) than CO methanation (-206 kJ/mol). In comparison to CO methanation, CO2 methanation requires less energy (low temperature).
However, several pieces of literature claim that CO methanation is easier and more favorable at lower temperatures than CO2 because of the large kinetic barriers caused by the eight-electron reduction of CO2 by H2. Therefore suggests that CO2 is far more difficult to breakdown than CO.
So, which one is correct? Which is most likely to occur at lower temperatures?
Relevant answer
Answer
Abdul Hakim Hatta, you can read the thermodynamic aspects of methanation in the attached paper
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
Reaction of I with palladium acetate, 1,3-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)propane (DCPP), K2CO3, water and NMP under 30 psi of carbon monoxide at 120 C gives II. Please explain the mechanism for the conversion. thanks in advance.
Relevant answer
Answer
A "classic" in catalysis,
;good overview of carbonylation reactions and the use of different ligands.
Also the cat. cycle is shown.
Best regards
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
11 answers
Hi all,
CO is one of the major air pollutants which toxic. Most of the literature says catalytic oxidation as a removal remedy for CO, by using catalysts especially Pd in nano size. Can anybody tell why the nano dimension is required for CO oxidation? What will happen if the catalyst size is micro in size and why?
Also, is there any other way of removing CO than catalytic oxidation? If yes, then what is the advantages of catalytic oxidation of CO over the other methods?
Thanks in advance,
ANSARI P
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Ansari Palliyarayil,
your question is so simple that you yourself could easily answer it if you thought a little.
The catalyst allows the oxidation of carbon monoxide at low temperatures, since it reduces the activation energy of the reaction 2CO + O2 = 2CO2
Of course, carbon monoxide can be oxidized without a catalyst, but this will require higher temperatures than, for example, in the exhaust system of a car. The efficiency of the catalyst is the higher, the larger its specific surface area (the ratio of surface area to mass). For this reason, the use of nanosized catalyst powders allows one to save its amount (coarser-grained catalyst powders are also quite workable, just the larger the particle size the more they are needed to oxidize the same amount of carbon monoxide).
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
H2 : 16.16 %
O2 : 0.03 %
N2 : 49.98 %
CH4 : 1.83 %
CO : 17.15 %
CO2 : 14.83 %
( All % are on volume basis)
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
Hi all,
We are working on CO production from CO2 dissociation. In this system, the recombination of CO and O2 to reproduce CO2 at high temperatures (>1000 °C) severely limits the conversion of CO2. We are thinking to in-situ absorb O2 physically or chemically to hinder the reverse reactions.
Any ideas on how to realize this? using any metals?
Thank you!
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi Seyed, thank you very much for your answer. Sorry I should have made it clear that what I mean is to remove CO from the mixture but not detect it. But, thanks a lot, anyway.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
I have a getter film consist of Zr,Ti,V alloy. I want to calculate the getter capacity, sorption performance, diffusion coefficient of CO and O2 theoretically. How can I calculate these terms?
Relevant answer
Answer
I agree with Mohamed Khedawy.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
8 answers
CO and CO2 level somehow signifies the level of wastewater.
Relevant answer
Answer
Probably your (bio)reactors produce CO2 from the conversion of organics. When you cover the reactors, CO2 will accumulate in the headspace (gas phase).
Then, according to Henry's law, more CO2 will remain dissolved in the water. Because CO2 is acid, the pH will drop accordingly.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
4 answers
Can anyone please help me suggesting any reference/journal mentioning how to do calibration of CO gas to get a graph?
Relevant answer
Answer
Sorry for my delay in answering.
That depends on the total composition. In most cases may be done by trap to trap condensation in liquid Nitrogen of everything but CO. In fact, initially the total pressure at constant T,V is measured in the vessel, then the mixture is cooled down, CO is pumped off, and the final pressure is determined. CO pressure is obtained by difference. Please take into account that CO will be liberated through the exhaust of the vacuum pump.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
In general, syngas from gasification or steam reforming, etc, can generate H2, CO, CO2, and/or CH4.
However, many papers compared only H2/CO.
Therefore, I want to know the reason why H2/CO2 is not used.
Is there a characteristic or importance of H2/CO?
Thank you so much!
Relevant answer
Answer
Colleaque ,more informations in the attached ref:Sciencedirect.Com.topics/en
Best regards
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
What are the electronic properties
Relevant answer
Answer
Ru a good metal for the selective methanation of CO. it exhibits good activity due to pore size , surface area and selectivity in CO methanation.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
123 answers
The fundamental physical constants, ħ, c and G, appear to be the same everywhere in the observable universe. Observers in different gravitational potentials or with different relative velocity, encounter the same values of ħ, c and G. What enforces this uniformity? For example, angular momentum is quantized everywhere in the universe. An isolated carbon monoxide molecule (CO) never stops rotating. Even in its lowest energy state, it has ħ/2 quantized angular momentum zero-point energy causing a 57 GHz rotation. The observable CO absorption and emission frequencies are integer multiples of ħ quantized angular momentum. An isolated CO molecule cannot be forced to rotate with some non-integer angular momentum such as 0.7ħ. What enforces this?
Even though the rates of time are different in different gravitational potentials, the locally measured speed of light is constant. What enforces a constant speed of light? It is not sufficient to mention covariance of the laws of physics without further explanation. This just gives a different name to the mysteries.
Are the natural laws imposed on the universe by an unseen internal or external entity? Do the properties of vacuum fluctuations create the fundamental physical constants? Are the physical constants the same when they are not observed?
Relevant answer
Answer
The question is relevant from my humble point of view.
I don't know what is the source of them, but we as theorists, the same as experimentalists use our own units of measurement & visualization and ignore them sometimes.
We normalized quantities when T ---> 0 at very low temperatures for example.
But the units you mention ( Planck units) ħ = c = G = ( I add one more) kB = 1 allow us to treat difficult problems such as scattering in a unified way by using energy in meV for instance.
They are really fundamental, all these natural units systems such be studied in general physics courses.
Best Regards.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
Iron is one of the elements undoubtedly known to the ancient world. Using of Iron is increasing every day and it is important to find new sources.
Economical extraction needs high grade source of iron and it is essential to convert low grade iron ore to high grade one.
low grade hematite are abundant and by conversion hematite to magnetite it is possible to get high grade iron ore.
There are some methods to convert hematite to magnetite but there is this question it is conceptually right to convert hematite to magnetite and magnetically separate them to get high grade iron ore? Are hematite to Magnetite Conversion economical with CO and C?
I heard there are some companies in China but i could not find any information of them in English search.
Relevant answer
Answer
The formation of magnetite at low temperature was thermodynamically more favorable in CO compared to the H2 atmosphere. The thermodynamic calculation revealed that CO acts as a better reducer than H2 as the enthalpy change of a reaction is more exothermic than H2 and the change in Gibbs free energy (DG) at about 500 C is directed to more spontaneous reaction in converting Fe2O3 to Fe3O4.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
6 answers
Dear RG members
I am working with low valent metal complexes especially metal carbonyls. As a continuation of my work, I would like to work with Co2(CO)8 in near future. However, this is a toxic, CO evolving, carcinogenic and pyrophoric compound. Would you like to suggest me precautionary measures to be taken while working with it? Sharing of your working experience with it will be highly appreciated.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Shafikul,
many thanks for sharing this very interesting technical question with the RG community. I think that Florian already provided a very helpful and comprehensive answer. We also worked with Co2(CO)8 frequently in the past. The points "toxic, CO evolving, carcinogenic" are not really serious as you are certainly not planning to eat your cobalt carbonyl. You also don't want to decompose it to release the CO, right? The only significant problem with Co2(CO)8 is its pronounced air-sensitivity and lack of long-term thermal stability. Very pure Co2(CO)8 should form nice orange crystals. Quite often even commercial samples are purple or even black, which indicates the presence of the decomposition product Co4(CO)12. This can be removed either by sublimation under vacuum or recrystallization from pentane. In any case you should work with cobalt carbonyl under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen or argon using a Schlenk line or dry-box.
Good luck with your work and best wishes, Frank Edelmann
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
4 answers
I am doing CO adsorption experiment. When I collect the CO gas phase spectrum there are two peaks for CO. One at around 2114 cm-1 and the other one is around 2170 cm-1. I don't know the reason why there are two peaks for CO there.
Relevant answer
Answer
I would think that the explanation is much simpler than the ones stated above. Factor in that CO is in the gaseous state which means that with high spectral resolution you see typically a lot of peaks due to the rotational fine structure with P- and R-branch (cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational%E2%80%93vibrational_spectroscopy#/media/File:Vib_rot_CO.png). Once you decrease resolution, you get two bands, one for the P- and one for the R-branch with a gap in between. Finally, if you decrease the resolution further, you obtain a single band.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
6 answers
Ni hydrogenation
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Lutf Ullah although we are inorganic chemists I'm not an expert enough to give you a qualified answer to your interesting technical question. However, you might want to check out the following potentially useful review article with many details about the palladium-catalyzed CO-oxidation:
Perspective on CO oxidation over Pd-based catalysts
This article has been posted by the authors as public full text on RG, so you can freely download the pdf file.
Good luck with your research and best wishes!
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
ni more.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Lutf Ullah thank you for asking this very interesting technical question. It is well established that the catalytic behaviors of gold and palladium are different, but it is difficult to explain the specific activity / inactivity in certain reactions. Often this is just a matter of trial and error. The catalyst Pd/SBA-15 has been previously reported to be effective in the catalytic CO oxidation. This has been described in the following useful reference:
Preparation and characterization of SBA-15 supported Pd catalyst for CO oxidation
Unfortunately this paper has not been posted as public full text on RG, but the Abstract is already quite informative.
Au/SBA-15 is also catalytically active in CO oxidation when it is combined with a co-catalyst such as CeO2 or Fe2O3. For more information about this please have a look at the following interesting papers:
Au/CeO2-SBA-15 catalysts for CO oxidation: Effect of ceria loading on physic-chemical properties and catalytic performances
and
CO oxidation at 20 °C over Au/SBA15 catalysts decorated by Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
Ni
Relevant answer
Answer
During oxidation, CO molecules collide with oxygen molecules. But only active molecules with a certain activation energy lead to a reaction in a collision. Temperature and catalyst reduce the activation energy. In your case, active molecules appear on the catalyst surface at temperatures above 100 ° C. In our studies on a platinum catalyst, more than 120 ° C.
You can see the basics of kinetics and catalysis in the tutorial
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
The reactions are as below:
CO2=CO+1/2O2
H2O=H2+1/2O2
These reactions are from syngas production.
Relevant answer
Answer
Study the Ellingham diagram for the reactions. This tells you that CO formation is favored over CO2 in high temperatures.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
ni more?
Relevant answer
Answer
The tendency of metals to sinter is inversely proportional to their melting point. In other words, metals with a higher melting point are sintered at higher temperatures than metals with a lower melting point. The melting points of gold and palladium are respectively 1064°C and 1555°C, so gold is sintered at a significantly lower temperature than palladium.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
Experiment #
1, Carbon monoxide (CO) in the given air sample
2, Methane (CH4)
3, Formaldehyde
4, Lead (Pb)
5, Nitrogen Oxide
6, Pesticides
7, Particulate Matter, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides and Sulfur dioxide
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
Hi,
I am currently looking for an industrial process that can use some intensification in the separation part of the process. I am very interested in intensified separation for biofuel processes (bioethanol/propanol/butanol), intensified methanol production using pressure swing to produce CO from CO2 from the revers WGS reaction, intensified carbon capture,...
If anyone has experience in these fields and can inform me if one of these could be a good dissertation, I would like to hear it! I am also curious for other processes that can use some intensification to reduce energy use/cost...
If you have any info you can also send me a message!
Relevant answer
Answer
Question intéressante
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
I have an electrochemical system with two cathodes and one anode. CO2 is being bubbled into an aqueous environment where it is getting reduced at one cathode to CO. At the other cathode, water is being reduced to H2. There is only one counter electrode or anode where the oxidative half-reaction of both reductions takes place.
What should be the half-reactions in this system? The project description I have only mentions the cathodic half-reactions as follows.
CO2 + H2O + 2e- → CO + 2OH- (E0 = -0.52 V)
2H2O + 2e- → H2 + 2OH- (E0 = -0.41 V)
But there is no information available on the oxidation or anodic half-reaction. Anyway, the way the above two reductions are mentioned seems so confusing to me. I have never seen water reduction half-reaction expressed this way. And I noticed that different authors (e.g. Hori, 2008; Hiragond et. al, 2020) state the CO2 reduction to CO half-reaction differently. Even more confusing is that these half-reactions don't seem to add up a sensible net reaction (which should be simply CO2 + H2O → CO + O2 + H2).
Can anyone shed some light on how this electrolysis should look like? Any help would be highly appreciated. I am attaching a picture of the reaction scheme I have at hand.
Thanks.
References
Hiragond, C. B., Kim, H., Lee, J., Sorcar, S., Erkey, C., & In, S. I. (2020). Electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO catalyzed by 2D nanostructures. Catalysts, 10(1), 98. DOI: 10.3390/catal10010098
Hori, Y. Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Metal Electrodes. In Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry; Vayenas, C. G., Gamboa-Aldeco, M., White, R. E., Eds.; SpringerLink 42; Springer New York: New York, NY, 2008; pp 89–189. DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-49489-0_3.
Relevant answer
Answer
You need a two compartment cell with a proton permeable membrane. On anode 2 H2O -4e = O2 + 4 H+
on cathode two competing reactions
2H+ + 2e = H2
CO2 + 2H+ + 2e = CO + H2O
Yours "water is being reduced to CO2" does not make any sense.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
4 answers
hydroformylation
[RhCl(CO)2]2
precursor
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Amravati Singh this is certainly an interesting and somewhat unusual technical question. It is not really clear to me what you mean by a "terrible precursor"? To me, [RhCl(CO)2]2 is a normal organometallic rhodium complex as many others. It is fairly easily accessible through reaction of RhCl3x3H2O with CO under different conditions (see e.g. G. Wilkinson, Inorg. Synth. 1966, 8, 211). The compound forms nice orange-red crystals, so what is "terrible" about it?
For more general information about the use organorhodium complexes as hydroformylation catalysts please have a look at the following useful review article:
Current State of the Art of the Solid Rh-Based Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Short-Chain Olefins
The paper has been posted as public full text on RG and can be freely downloaded as pdf file.
Best wishes for your research! 👍
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
Hi everyone. I am working on a project regarding gasification of lignite. The problem that i am facing in the problem setup is that when i select lignite-air mixture, i am not getting the desired species i.e. methane, CO and hydrogen. It automatically provides species such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, volatile matter, nitrogen. Can someone help me in this.
Regards
Relevant answer
Answer
Frank T. Edelmann thankyou for your valuable advice. I hope this article would be great help.
Regards
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
I am running CO oxidation using GC and the column can only seperate O2, N2 and CO so if there is any CO2 produced, the GC cant detect it. I could only find the decrease of CO during the reaction but my advisor said it will be better to find the peak for CO2, is it necessary? If so, I will need to find a new column and re-do all the tests.
Also, if you know the column for such test, please let me know, thanks in advance!
Relevant answer
Answer
Thermal Conductivity Detector, comes as a standard option for Agilent GC FID/TCD dual mode.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
During my experiment I found that different dissolution time may cause totally different activity. I use high pressure CO and 0.1M KHCO3 electrolyte, the CO gas didn't purged into solution but a stirring bar served to be the source of forced convection. I want to quantify the dissociation process so I need some data of CO dissolution rate. Hope someone can me some clues about this information.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Jiajie Hou thank you for your interesting technical question. What I'm wondering is: Are you sure that you mean CO (carbon monoxide) and not CO2 (carbon dioxide)? A search for this question revealed numerous references concerning carbon dioxide such as the following potentially useful article:
Determination of the rate constants for the carbon dioxide to bicarbonate inter-conversion in pH-buffered seawater systems
In contrast, I found no related article concerning CO. I may be wrong, but why and how should carbon monoxide dissociate when purged into a solution of KHCO3? 😳
In principle, the dissociation of CO is possible, but I don't think it will occur in aqueous systems:
The dissociation of carbon monoxide
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
3 answers
I have daily CO measurements of a city from different stations. How can i calculate the daily mean CO of this city?
Relevant answer
Ersin Aytaç I need to add you one more handout which is CO2 sources and in what kind of urban CO2 are you going to measure, you have to consider the amount of CO2 that we s release in urban areas are different during the weekday. Please consider all of these and I have a lot to say if you tell me more about your area of work and the city name...
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
7 answers
I am attempting to design a membrane separation unit to separate a gas feed of approximately 94.1 mol% of hydrogen but I am having trouble finding performance equations/sizing parameters and heuristics which could be used to do so. Can anybody recommend any textooks or reports to help with this? If it helps the stream also contains carbon monoxide and dioxide, nitrogen and methane.
Relevant answer
Answer
if i understand you in the right direction, you don't want to seperate hydrogen, you want to seperate the rest out of a hydrogen stream. So you know what the rest is ? that would help to answer your question.
Where is the stream from ?
beste regards
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
11 answers
Regarding a steam methane reforming reaction for hydrogen production three reactions are choosen for study.
CH4 + H2 → CO + 3 H2
CO + H2O → CO2 + H2 ( Water gas shift reaction)
CH4 + 2 H2O → 4H2 + CO2 (direct reforming)
In modelling what the rate constants to be provided in fluent window? As in figure attached..
Its the order of reaction i think. For each species rate constants are needed. As iam only looking towards only the f orward reaction, the products rate exponents are zero. What rate constants I need to input for each species in the reactants for the three equations?
I am new to this chemical reaction / species transport area. If anybody have previous experience in setting this for methane steam reforming please help me in solving this.
Thank you
Relevant answer
Answer
Before we consider one or another kinetic equation based on one mechanism or another, or even want to use empirical equations based, for example, on the Hougen-Young concept, we must first perform kinetic tests. It is also worth remembering about the reversibility of reactions.
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
4 answers
If the CO and O2 concentration change, how will the kinetic energy of CO oxidation be influenced?
Case 1: 3000ppm CO + 10% O2;
Case 2: 3000ppm CO + 0.2% O2;
Case 3: 2% CO + 10% O2
Relevant answer
Answer
Many thanks for your answers and the references, Dr. Nadir Fadhil Habubi . Will go through the papers later. Is there any method to correlate the kinetic energies tested under different initial concentrations?
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
My research is in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell field. I've been looking for a cost effective gas analyzer. I need it to continuously analyze H2, H2O, CO, CO2, CH4.The prices for some of them is $100K which is too high for our group's budget. I need some recommendation based on your experience. Thank you in advance.
Relevant answer
Answer
I wanted to help you, but it is not in my specialty
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
2 answers
I am trying to perform Co chemisorption in my catalysts with Pt, but the results are very strange, I only get low values. I had measured using pulses.
My loop is 5ul, I don't know if it is so big, that could explain the low dispersion.
So, I would like to get some information about loop volumes and their results. For example, for 1%Pt/Carbon (commercial one) I get 25% of dispersion.
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello,
Is it possible to measure metal dispersion for carbon encapsulated iron particles by pulse CO chemisorption?
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
4 answers
I have downloaded Sentinel 5p TROPOMI data sets and managed to Process the netCDF file in R subsetting the data for the desired region and Quality values. Can anyone suggest a way to map the data frame so generated with lat/lon/time/ CO columns, be plotted in base map.
Relevant answer
Answer
I downloaded level 1 S5p data which is photon radiance in unit of "mol.m-2.nm-1.sr-1.s-1". How to convert it into unit of"W.m-2.nm-1.sr-1".
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide
Question
1 answer
Hi,
I am currently looking for emission factors for emissions, especially for other substances such as CO, VOC, SOx, etc. I search that majority of the documents refer to OGP Report no 2.59/197. However, the document itself is no longer available for download on the OGP websites. Are there any documents that directly refer to that report (as in, the revised version)? I have found another reference, released by IPIECA in 2019, but when I try to do some crosscheck, the emission factor value is very different, as the used unit is also different
(for instance, the OGP report used ton emission/ton fuel, while IPIECA used kg/TJ).
Thank you in advance
Relevant answer
Answer
The emissions you list are highly dependent on the process or operating device in question. I doubt some "average" or "typical" value like 0.03% by weight of fuel consumed would be useful for anything. Some processes emit VOCs but no CO or SOx. Some produce high levels of CO but no NOx. I think you must first clarify what processes or devices you are focusing on. Are these combustion gas turbines? Stationary diesel engines? Auto paint and body shop? John Deere tractor factory? City buses running propane? Politicians' private jets? Space-X launch rocket?
  • asked a question related to Carbon Monoxide