Cancer Surgery - Science topic

INTRODUCTION: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a type of extracorporeal circulation used to divert blood from and deliver blood to peripheral blood vessels. Recently, the use of ECMO has been reported in various non-transplant surgeries. Particularly in tracheal surgeries, ECMO provides an unobstructed surgical field and enables safe i...

Breast cancer treatment has evolved significantly in recent decades, with personalized care models gaining prominence both for the optimization of oncological outcomes and aesthetic results. At the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS in Rome, Italy, we have developed a multidisciplinary, evidence-based model for the manageme...

Background On August 7, 2024, the inaugural total laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy with the Da Vinci robotic system was performed in the department of gastrointestinal surgery of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. The procedure, conducted by RENJI-GISH, employed the use of a Da Vinci robot system in conjunction w...

Background There is a gap in knowledge regarding the utility of preoperative exercise (PEx) among gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients undergoing surgery and how PEx impacts surgical outcomes. This study seeks to evaluate the mechanism behind PEx among patients undergoing major abdominal surgery for GI cancer through a randomized controlled trial...

Purpose Radiotherapy imposes a significant physiological and psychological burden on gynaecological cancer patients. Prehabilitation is being increasingly used to prepare individuals for cancer treatment and improve their well-being and resilience. Whilst prehabilitation has demonstrated benefit for individuals undergoing cancer surgery, the struct...

Cold ischemia time (CIT), the interval between tissue excision and preservation, is a critical preanalytical variable that profoundly impacts gene expression profiles. Variability in CIT can lead to inconsistent transcriptomic results, making study interpretation challenging and undermining reproducibility in biomedical research. Our study aimed to...

Background: Shoulder range of motion (ROM) limitations following breast cancer treatments are common. Remotely monitoring ROM changes after treatments through smartphone applications can expand rehabilitation options for breast cancer patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of ShApp—a breast cancer smartphone application—to di...

Rectal cancer surgery has undergone transformative advancements over the past few decades, evolving from radical, high-morbidity procedures to more refined techniques focused on both oncological outcomes and the preservation of anorectal function. This review provides a brief overview of the history of rectal cancer surgery, highlighting key innova...

Purpose Robot-assisted surgery has increasingly gained recognition in the treatment of rectal cancer. This study aimed to assess the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) that underwent robot-assisted radical rectal cancer surgery and to evaluate their influence on patient outcomes. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 360 patien...

Introduction The significance of the C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index [CALLY index (CI)] as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer remains unexplored. Therefore, this study assessed the utility of the CI as a predictor of short-term postoperative outcomes and long-term prognosis after gastric cancer surgery. Methods This study consisted...

Background The surgical management of breast cancer involves either modified radical mastectomy or a conservative approach. Breast-conserving surgery is the preferred surgical treatment for early breast cancer in developed countries, while mastectomy is still more favoured by most centres in developing countries. Objectives To report some quality...

The aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), also known as lusoria artery, is a relatively rare vascular malformation influencing 0.6% to 1.4% of the population, and this figure elevates exponentially to 26%–34% among Down-syndrome individuals. However, few cases are available on esophageal cancer associated with ARSA. Here, we report a 30-year-old...

Background To evaluate the prognostic value of the presence and number of tumor deposits (TDs) and the combination of TDs and number of positive lymph nodes (PLNs) in patients undergoing colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery, and to modify N staging. Method The clinical data of 1470 patients with stage I-IV CRC who underwent surgery in Wuhan Union Hospi...

Background After head and neck cancer surgery with free flap reconstruction, the use of glucocorticoids is often required to alleviate inflammation and edema. However, the impact of glucocorticoid on postoperative complications and cancer progression remains unclear. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 711 elderly patients who underwe...

Transmembrane protease serine 4 (TMPRSS4) is a member of the type II transmembrane serine protease family known to be upregulated in many malignancies. We previously showed that TMPRSS4 may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer (GC), especially in stage III. In this retrospective study conducted at 10 institutions, all...

Over the past two decades, surgical techniques in colorectal cancer (CRC) have improved patient outcomes through precision and reduced invasiveness. Open colectomy, laparoscopic surgery, robotic-assisted procedures, and advanced rectal cancer treatments such as total mesorectal excision (TME) and transanal TME are discussed in this article. Traditi...

Objective Postoperative hypoalbuminemia increases the risk of delayed wound healing and infections and prolongs hospital stays, and may even increases mortality. Hypoalbuminemia is commonly observed after radical ovarian cancer surgery. The primary aim of this study is to determine risk factors for postoperative hypoalbuminemia after radical ovaria...

Robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) has shown potential benefits over conventional procedures for esophageal cancer. However, uniform surgical protocols are lacking, leading to variability in outcomes and increased costs. This retrospective study included 180 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent RAMIE between May 2018 a...

Breast cancer accounts for about 30% of all new female cancers each year, and its incidence is increasing 0.6% per year. An enhanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis has led to the development of constantly evolving strategies for local and systemic therapies. Perioperative chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and endocrine thera...

Background: Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) following conservative mastectomy is the most common approach for women undergoing breast cancer surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the oncological outcomes of conservative mastectomy combined with prepectoral IBBR to the subpectoral technique. Methods: The clinical and demographic d...

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the safety and reliability of an innovative technique-fixation of the food loop and duodenal stump-by investigating its impact on postoperative complications and overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on pat...

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major risk for cancer patients undergoing surgery due to hypercoagulability and surgical stress. Traditional low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are used as the standard of care for VTE prophylaxis, but subcutaneous administration often leads to suboptimal patient adherence. Direc...

Objective To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided bilateral superficial cervical plexus nerve blocks with Ropivacaine or a combination of different adjuvants on perioperative analgesia and quality of postoperative recovery in patients undergoing radical thyroid cancer surgery under general anesthesia with nerve monitoring without muscarinic...

Objective Hoopicoach is a digital health tool designed to support patients throughout all stages of gynecologic surgery, including pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative phases. It offers a personalized care pathway based on the type of surgery, providing reliable medical information through easily understandable content, diagrams, a chatbot, and videos p...

Background In the current study, we surveyed the trend of breast cancer operations in the past two decades and compared mastectomy alone or with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) with the measurement of the outcome reported by patients and oncologic safety evaluation. Methods A retrospective study surveyed the trends in breast cancer surgery m...

Background: Patients with rectal cancer may be exposed to a loss of muscle strength and quality. This study aimed to assess the role of preoperative CT-based sarcopenia on postoperative clinical, pathological, and oncological outcomes after rectal cancer surgery. Methods: This retrospective monocentric study included patients who underwent elective...

Purpose This quantitative study aimed to determine whether the quality of discharge teaching, anxiety, depression, and various demographic and disease-related factors predict discharge readiness among cervical cancer surgical patients in Western Region of China. Methods From November 2023 to May 2024, a convenience sampling method was employed to...

Introduction Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignancies, and obtaining sufficient lymph nodes after surgeries is critical for staging and subsequent treatment planning. While guidelines advocate collecting at least 12 lymph nodes, insufficient lymph node sampling can have catastrophic consequences. Methods This was a retrospective study t...

Background: Gastric cancer remains a leading global health challenge, despite advances in surgical techniques and perioperative care. Patients with gastric cancer present with a degree of postoperative complications, most notably anastomotic fistulas, which can lead to a high level of morbidity and mortality. Although significant advances have been...

Background/Objectives: Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging is widely utilized for visualizing hepatic tumors, hepatic segmentation, and biliary anatomy, improving the safety and curability of cancer surgery. However, its application for perfusion assessment in hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HBP) surgery has been less explored. Methods: This...

Background and Study Aims Endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery is an effective treatment for superficial laryngopharyngeal cancer, particularly in cases with prior esophageal cancer treatment. Despite its frequent application, reports on the risk factors for postoperative complications are limited. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for...

Background/Objective: Despite surgery being the primary curative treatment for cancer, patients with compromised preoperative physical, nutritional, and psychological status are often at a higher risk for complications. While various screening tools exist to assess physical, nutritional, and psychological status, there is currently no standardised...

Introduction Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography has been introduced to assess parathyroid perfusion intraoperatively. This study aimed to evaluate whether the number of well-vascularized parathyroid glands identified using ICG fluorescence could predict the maintenance of adequate parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the immediate post...

The aim of this study was to analyze the factors contributing to the development of pneumonia after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery and to develop a validated nomogram to predict the risk. We retrospectively collected information on patients who underwent radical CRC resection at a single clinical center from January 2011 to December 2021. The info...

Background/Objectives: Robotic-assisted surgery is an attractive and promising option with unique advantages in rectal cancer surgery, but the optimal surgical approach is still debatable. Therefore, we aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of the robotic-assisted approach with the laparoscopic-assisted and open approaches. Methods: A...

Objective Nosocomial infections are one of the severe postoperative complications that compromise perioperative safety in patients with colon cancer. However, there are limited studies on constructing visual risk prediction screening tools for nosocomial infections in these patients. The objective of this study is to construct a nomogram for predic...

INTRODUCTION: The right top pulmonary vein (RTPV) is a rare anatomical variant that arises independently of the right superior lobe. It drains behind the right main bronchus or bronchus intermedius and into the left atrium or another pulmonary vein. This anomaly poses challenges during subcarinal lymph node dissection in thoracic surgery, such as e...

Background: Serum albumin, a marker of nutritional status, has been associated with surgical outcomes. This study evaluated the correlation between serum albumin levels and early postoperative complications in gastric cancer surgery patients. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted from July 2017 to March 2019 at th...

Background: Psychological disorders are prevalent in patients having undergone gastrointestinal cancer surgery, and their emotional status may further deteriorate during subsequent chemotherapy. Psychobiotics are specific probiotics that have the unique characteristics of producing neuroactive substances that are thought to act on the brain–gut axi...

Background/Objectives: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare malignancy with a globally rising incidence. Due to the paucity of specific evidence, therapeutic strategies are often extrapolated from female breast cancer guidelines. The quality of life (QoL) among MBC patients remains underexplored. Methods: This single-institution retrospective study a...

Background: In the cardio-respiratory rehabilitation field, thermal medicine represents an interesting complementary therapy approach. It can aid in complex medical contexts characterized by cardio-respiratory deficiency, functional limitation, and pain determined by the invasiveness of pharmacological and surgical treatments in combination with li...

Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is a significant complication after sphincter-preserving rectal cancer surgery and negatively impacts a patient’s quality of life. Treatment of LARS is multimodal, and many treatments require engagement from the patient. Understanding the complex array of treatment options and the potential additive effects of...

In 2020, there were approximately 2.3 million new cases of breast cancer worldwide. Breast-conserving surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy has replaced radical and modified radical mastectomy as the standard treatment for patients with early-stage breast cancer, with equivalent overall survival and disease-free survival rates. Oncoplastic tech...

Despite advancements in breast cancer surgery, the decision-making process for axillary treatment remains complex, necessitating new predictors like the tumor size to Ki67 proliferation index ratio. Intraoperative examination of the sentinel lymph node is performed to reduce the risk of a secondary surgery. Several studies have demonstrated that ev...

Introduction: Following the rapid advances in minimally invasive surgery, there are a multitude of surgical modalities available for resecting rectal cancers. Robotic resections represent the current pinnacle of surgical approaches. Currently, decisions on the surgical modality depend on local resources and the expertise of the surgical team. Given...

Background: Preoperative planning of patients diagnosed with pancreatic head cancer is difficult and requires specific expertise. This pilot study assesses the added value of three-dimensional (3D) patient models and computer-aided detection (CAD) algorithms in determining the resectability of pancreatic head tumors. Methods: This study included 14...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the usefulness of the conventional umbilical longitudinal incision and the Pfannenstiel incision for specimen extraction site during minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer. Methods: In our retrospective cohort study, 64 patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery (DST anastomosis) for...

Objective. The aim of the research was to determine the frequency of BI-RADS category 3 findings in ultrasound examinations in relation to the total number of patients, the frequency of malignant lesions, and their average size at the time of detection in BI-RADS 3 ultrasound findings. Patients and Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed on...

Background Unlike advanced cancer populations, for whom early and routine specialty palliative care (PC) referral has demonstrated clear benefits for quality of life and symptom control, evidence supporting PC for patients undergoing curative-intent cancer surgery has been inconclusive. Method A systematic review of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Li...

Importance Inflammation impacts cancer risk and tumor biological processes, yet studies linking it to social and environmental risk factors are lacking. Objective To investigate the association of neighborhood deprivation and air pollution with breast adipose inflammation as well as the association between crown-like structures of the breast (CLS-...

Background In developing countries, breast reconstruction has multiple barriers, especially related to microsurgical procedures. Our aim was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients who underwent deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap in 2 Latin American countries (Peru and Mexico) performed by recent postgraduate mi...

Approximately 5–10% of primary breast cancer cases present as de novo stage IV disease, characterized by distant metastases at diagnosis. Traditionally, systemic therapies such as chemotherapy, endocrine therapy and targeted treatments have formed the cornerstone of treatment for metastatic breast cancer (MBC), focusing on disease control, symptom...

The incidence of right colon cancer presenting in a stage with complications is significant. There are major differences in therapeutic approach between elective colon cancer surgery and emergency surgery. Complications such as hemorrhage, obstruction, and perforation require careful evaluation of prognostic factors, with morbidity and mortality ra...

The most common cause for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is cirrhosis. Furthermore, cirrhosis is a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma (CC). Detection of HCC and CC can be challenging in both radiologic imaging and during surgical resection, especially in patients with an underlying parenchymal liver disease such as cirrhosis. Therefore, radioactive...

The optimal extent of lymph node dissection in colon cancer surgery is specified in guidelines based on the results of past analyses. However, with advances in surgical techniques and multidisciplinary treatments, the clinical significance of dissecting each lymph node may change. In this study, we re-examined the optimal dissection range in each c...

Background/Objectives: Patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy have ample time to engage in exercise prehabilitation. This study aimed to describe the current status, facilitators, and barriers of exercise prehabilitation among this population. Methods: This sequential explanatory mixed-methods evaluation was conducted at a general tertiary hospita...

Purpose To identify barriers and enablers of an exercise-based prehabilitation service for surgical patients with breast cancer and medical professionals in a regional healthcare setting. Methods A cross-sectional survey was distributed to patients with breast cancer and medical professionals from regional populations. Surveys included closed and...

Purpose CALGB 40903 (Alliance) was a phase II single arm multicenter trial conducted in postmenopausal patients diagnosed with estrogen-receptor (ER) positive breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) without invasion. Patients were treated with the aromatase inhibitor (AI) letrozole for 6 months prior to surgery with change in magnetic resonance imag...

Contrast-enhanced chest CT (CECT) is more sensitive than non-contrast-enhanced chest CT (NCECT), but NCECT may have comparable efficacy in detecting new primary lung cancer among stage I NSCLC survivors after two years of surveillance. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of NCECT versus CECT for surveillance among stage I NSCLC patients survi...

Background Postoperative ileus occurs in up to 30% of patients following major oncologic surgery for colorectal cancer, leading to significant morbidity, patient distress, as well as increased utilization of healthcare resources. Various modalities to reduce postoperative ileus rates have been explored. One such modality is the perioperative admini...

Introduction Gastric cancer (GC) families as a whole face the stressful time of cancer together, and the quality of life (QoL) of both the patient and the caregiver can be affected. Most past researchers have focused on the QoL of GC patients, but have neglected the role that caregivers play in the treatment process. The purpose of this study was t...

Background Differences in overall survival (OS) between pediatric and adult patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma are poorly understood. The objective of this study is to compare the OS of pediatric and adult patients with osteosarcoma, identify prognostic factors associated with OS, and explore factors specifically associated with pediatric osteosa...

Background Risky surgical manipulations that can cause postoperative intra-abdominal infections (IAICs) have not been identified in gastric cancer surgery. We conducted a study to evaluate surgical videos and identify risky surgical maneuvers. Methods This was a multicenter case–control study. Patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy with l...

Medical decisions driving the clinical management of octogenarians who require either major or urgent surgery still depend on the patient's age rather than individual functions. This report created the privileged opportunity to illustrate the clinical effectiveness of a comprehensive function‐based assessment. This was the case of an 83‐year‐old ge...

Background Shifts in healthcare delivery have resulted in most U.S. hospitals participating in integrated health systems, many of which selectively refer complex cancer surgery to high-volume centers. However, this centralization may exacerbate barriers to access and may not be necessary for all cancer types. This study describes the prevalence and...

Background/Objectives: Major surgery for gastrointestinal cancer carries a 50% risk of postoperative complications. Physiotherapists commonly provide interventions to patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery for cancer with the intent of preventing complications and improving recovery. However, the evidence is unclear if physiotherapy is effect...

Objective: To enhance the diagnostic accuracy of new nodules on the surgical side after breast cancer surgery using machine learning techniques and to explore the role of multifeature fusion. Methods: Data from 137 breast cancer postoperative patients with new nodules from January 2016 to April 2024 were analyzed. Clinical, ultrasound, immunohistoc...

Background/Objectives: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by rapidly developing, painful ulcerative lesions. It exhibits pathergy, a phenomenon in which minor trauma or injury to the skin triggers an exaggerated inflammatory response. This leads to the development of new skin lesions or the worsening of existi...

Pancreatic cancer remains a deadly disease with a low survival rate specifically if diagnosed at later stages. Surgery is one of the mainstay treatments for early stage disease but is accompanied by significant mortality and morbidity even in high volume centers. In the present study we wanted to determine the influence of pre-operative weight loss...

Purpose Growing breast cancer is associated with an inherent risk of metastasis. If surgical treatment of breast cancer is delayed, the prognosis worsens with increasing tumor size. This justifies the search for a safe time interval between diagnosis and surgery. Methods The 2022 population-based data on incidence and the time interval to initial...

Background: Ovarian cancer surgery requires multiple radical resections with a high risk of complications. The objective of this single-centre, retrospective study was to identify the factors associated with pulmonary complications following cytoreduction. Methods: The study included 179 patients who underwent surgery at the gynaecological oncology...

Background To explore the risk factors of post pancreatectomy diabetes mellitus (PPTDM)in pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) patients and the value of perioperative fasting blood glucose (FBG) level expression on the long-term survival after surgery. Materials and methods Between December 2015 and December 2019, a cohort of 509 patients diagnosed...

Surgical treatment is commonly employed to treat patients with gynecologic cancer, although surgery itself may function as a stressor, reducing the patients’ functional capacity and recovery. Prehabilitation programs attempt to improve patients’ overall health and baseline function prior to surgery, thereby enhancing recovery and lowering morbidity...

Objective: This study investigates the preventive and therapeutic effects of medical radiation protection spray (Bergmann) compared to triethanolamine cream in patients undergoing radiotherapy following breast cancer surgery. Methods: Ninety patients with breast cancer who received postoperative radiotherapy between July 2018 and July 2021 were ran...

Background Prehabilitation optimizes colorectal cancer patients’ health during the preoperative waiting period, by increasing functional capacity, reducing postoperative complications, and speeding recovery. However, challenges in implementation include patients’ willingness to attend multiple hospital visits, and hospitals needing trained personne...