Cancer Research - Science topic

Signifcant sex and gender diferences exist in cancer mechanisms, incidence, and survival, yet it is difcult to translate these important diferences because cancer phenotypes do not segregate into dichotomous male versus female or man versus woman categories. Instead, sex and gender are developmental and environmental forces that work together to es...

Bladder cancer is a challenging urological malignancy with a high likelihood of recurrence, making it difficult to treat. Metabolomics is a promising approach for the detection and treatment of bladder cancer, as it helps understand metabolic alterations linked to the disease. Metabolomics research uses two methodologies: immunohistochemistry and m...

Over the past years, cancer research has transitioned from a ‘cancer cell-centered’ focus to a more integrative view of tumors as dynamic ecosystems. This paradigm shift emphasizes the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a complex network of interacting cellular and acellular components, where tumor cells orchestrate a supportive environment that facil...

Introduction Despite therapeutic and prognostic improvements in the early treatment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), screening for early detection of laryngeal cancer has not yet been established. Methods A study has been designed to address this issue based on an analysis of exosomal serum biomarkers for LSCC. A three‐step approach wa...

Transfer of extracellular and intracellular calcium ions (Ca²⁺) plays a crucial role in programmed cell death, with varied Ca²⁺ concentrations associated with cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and so on. Real‐time monitoring of extracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]e) can provide valuable quantitative insights into programmed cell death, wh...

Nanobody technology is a promising new approach to cancer research and treatment. Monoclonal antibodies have always been at the heart of targeted treatment, but their large size, cumbersome production, and restricted ability to penetrate tissue cause problems. Nanobodies are derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies and have intrinsic characteris...

Although EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective for EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), resistance inevitably develops through diverse mechanisms, including secondary genetic mutations, amplifications and as-yet undefined processes. To comprehensively unravel the mechanisms of EGFR-TKI resistance, we establish a biobank of pa...

Objectives Macrophages play a critical role in various diseases, including cancer, where their involvement is characterized by a dual nature. There is a growing focus on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in cancer research due to their complex interactions with tumor biology. With the expanding body of research in this area, a retrospective analy...

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) + chemotherapy became standard her2-GC first line treatment. Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate whether ICIs + chemo provides benefit for patients with low programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Design This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources We search...

Recent years have seen a rapid proliferation of single-cell cancer studies, yet most of these studies profiled few tumors, limiting their statistical power. Combining data and results across studies holds great promise but also involves various challenges. We recently began to address these challenges by curating a large collection of cancer single...

Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with lung metastasis presenting critical barriers to effective treatment and patient survival. This study conducts the first comprehensive bibliometric and visualized analysis of lung metastasis research in breast cancer from 2000 to 2024, illustrating evolving research trends and collabo...

Breast cancer represents the most prevalent cancer among women globally, constituting approximately 30% of newly diagnosed female malignancies and serving as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality, accounting for 11.6% of deaths. Despite notable advancements in survival rates and quality of life for breast cancer patients over recent...

The high-dimensional and heterogeneous nature of transcriptomics data from RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) experiments poses a challenge to routine downstream analysis steps, such as differential expression analysis and enrichment analysis. Additionally, due to practical and financial constraints, RNA-Seq experiments are often limited to a small number of...

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are pivotal in regulating cell cycle progression and transcription, making them crucial targets in cancer research. The two types of CDKs that regulate different biological activities are transcription-associated CDKs (e.g., CDK7, 8, 9, 12, and 13) and cell cycle-associated CDKs (e.g., CDK1, 2, 4, and 6). One charact...

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provides comprehensive genomic data across various cancer types. However, complex file naming conventions and the necessity of linking disparate data types to individual case IDs can be challenging for first-time users. While other tools have been introduced to facilitate TCGA data handling, they lack a straightforwar...

Melanoma is one of the deathliest cancers worldwide and its incidence is reaching epidemic proportions. It is characterized by intrinsic chemo-resistance, low response rates to treatment and high metastatic potential. Because of this, new therapeutic options are permanently required. Tessaria absinthioides (Hook. & Arn.) DC. is a traditional medici...

Because three-dimensional (3D) cultures can more closely resemble tissue-like structures than monolayer cultures, they are gaining popularity. In cancer research, 3D cell models more closely resemble the architecture and features of natural tumors. Therefore, 3D cell cultures are more ideal and promising models, especially for in vitro drug screeni...

This study clarifies the interaction between autophagy and inflammasome within the cancer framework. The inflammasome generates pro-inflammatory cytokines to direct the immune response to pathogens and cellular stressors. Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis and can either promote or inhibit cancer. These pathways interact to affect tumorigenes...

Liver cancer remains a significant global health burden, necessitating robust preclinical models to study its pathophysiology and develop effective therapies. This review explores the utilization and comparative effectiveness of various mouse models in liver cancer research, including subcutaneous tumor models, orthotopic tumor models, spontaneous...

Dear Colleagues, The Iranian Journal of Breast Diseases (IJBD) journal invites original research and review manuscripts across the spectrum of breast cancer research. IJBD is a quarterly, open access journal publishing works in nine main areas: · Clinical reaserches · quality of life aspects · biomedical informatics · biomedical ethics and law...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the multifaceted bioactive potential of the ethanolic extract obtained from Origanum vulgareleaves. GC-MS analysis has been undertaken to identify the phytoconstituents, which unveiled the intricate profile of components of theextract. In addition, the study further explores the biological activities, in...

Background and objective Gene expression analysis plays a critical role in lung cancer research, offering molecular feature-based diagnostic insights that are particularly effective in distinguishing lung cancer subtypes. However, the high dimensionality and inherent imbalance of gene expression data create significant challenges for accurate diagn...

The perspective article by Yang et al., “Build the virtual cell with artificial intelligence: a perspective for cancer research”, provides a compelling vision for the transformative potential of artificial intelligence virtual cells (AIVCs) in oncology. The authors outline how AIVCs could revolutionize cancer research by enabling in silico experime...

Screening is widely considered one of the most effective methods for the early detection of prostate cancer. Early detection allows for prompt treatment, which increases the likelihood of a full recovery. This review sought to summarize studies on screening methods related to prostate cancer. It examined trends in screening practices and organized...

Infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, and in vitro fertilization is a key therapeutic strategy for achieving parenthood. Despite advances, the first IVF attempt fails in ∼60% of patients, highlighting the need for innovative solutions to improve clinical outcomes. Challenges include the limited ability to study embryo implantation, ina...

Background The differentiation characteristics of neutrophils within the gastric cancer (GC) tumor microenvironment (TME) and their interactions with malignant gastric epithelial cells require further investigation. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in immunotherapy remains inadequately explored. Methods...

Purpose of Review Advocacy has played a pivotal role in shaping and enhancing cancer research to more effectively and meaningfully consider outcomes that matter most to patients. Guidelines and frameworks for cancer advocacy have been developed to support cancer patients, including those from equity-deserving groups. Despite the fact that cancer pa...

Background Although Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on lung cancer (LC) have grown significantly, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis remains lacking. This study addresses that gap by examining global research trends, leading contributors, and emerging themes in MR related to LC. Methods We conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications...

The regulatory role of ferroptosis and autophagy in lipid metabolism during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains largely unexplored. Through integrated analysis of TCGA, MsigDB, FerrDb, and HADb datasets, we identified 33 ferroptosis and autophagy-dependent lipid metabolism-related genes (Fer-Aut-LMRGs) with prognostic significance. A...

CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in tumor immunotherapy, especially in immune checkpoint therapy, and therefore have become the focus of cancer research. However, although immune checkpoint treatment has shown some efficacy in clinical trials, its effect is still limited by tumor immune escape. Tumors weaken CD8+ T cell function by adapting to immu...

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a phorbol ester and protein kinase C (PKC) activator, is widely used to induce monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in THP-1 cells. Upon PMA treatment, THP-1 cells undergo morphological and functional changes, including adhesion, cell cycle arrest, and expression of macrophage-specific surface markers (e.g.,...

Cancer, uncontrolled cell growth due to the loss of cell cycle regulation, is often found to be associated with viral infections and, as recent studies show, with bacterial infections as well. Emerging reports also suggest a strong link between fungi and cancer. The crucial virulence trait of fungi, the switch from yeast (Y) to hyphal (H) form, is...

Background To date, many types of immune cells have been identified, but their precise role in cancer immunity remains unclear. Understanding the immune responses involved in cancer and the cancer microenvironment is becoming increasingly important for elucidating disease mechanisms. In recent years, the application of intravital imaging in cancer...

Purpose Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) affect the oral mucosa and increase the risk of oral cancer. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a key antioxidant mediator and regulator of ferroptosis, has garnered significant attention in cancer research. This study is to investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism GPX...

Non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in tumorigenesis. In this perspective, we briefly review the significance of ncRNA in cancer biology and highlight recent technological advancements in characterization of ncRNA in cancer research. Specifically, we discuss how these advanced approaches, such as Patho‐DBiT, CRISPR screens, and...

Tumor tissues are characterized by dysregulated gene expression patterns leading to altered cellular pathways and molecular functions as a result of their transition from normal to tumor state. Further, tumor-adjacent normal tissues (TANTs), utilized as a control in cancer research, are not molecularly normal and differ from healthy normal tissues....

Cancer organoids are three-dimensional in vitro models that closely replicate the genetic, phenotypic, and heterogeneity characteristics of original tumors, making them valuable tools in cancer research. However, the lack of standardized protocols limits their broader application. This study evaluates the role of enzymatic isolation in generating p...

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are widely used in cancer research. Genomic andtranscriptomic profiling of PDXs are inevitably contaminated by sequencing reads originated frommouse cells. Here, we examine the impact of mouse read contamination on RNA sequencing(RNAseq), Whole Exome Sequencing (WES), and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data of...

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, particularly in developing countries, where it poses a significant financial burden. Early detection and timely treatment remain challenging due to the complex mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of liver cancer. Thi...

Objective: Science mapping is a systematic approach to analyzing the intricate network of relationships in the scientific literature. Science mapping methodology investigates the networks of relationships among scientific articles, authors, journals, keywords, and research topics. This study aims to comprehend the literature in the field of brain t...

Background Although quality-assured oncological exercise therapy (qOET) has proven effective for cancer patients at any stage of treatment and during aftercare, it is not yet incorporated into standard care in Germany and, to the best of our knowledge, in any other country. A collaboration involving eight German research institutions was initiated...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and challenging malignancy of the digestive tract. Unfortunately, patients with advanced HCC frequently experience limited long-term benefits from current treatments, highlighting the critical need for innovative therapeutic agents. The discovery and development of new small-molecule compounds that target...

Comparative oncology is the study of naturally-occurring cancer in companion (pet) animals, mainly dogs, and is a powerful tool in cancer research and drug development. Comparative oncology clinical trials are defined by their translational value to human cancer research through unique opportunities to evaluate in vivo target modulation, drug toler...

Cytokine therapy is a rapidly evolving field in bladder cancer research, with treatments designed to enhance immune responses, improve targeting, and promote tumor cell recognition and elimination. This review explores pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, engineered cytokines and fusion proteins, and combination therapies. Chall...

Background: Hodgkin lymphoma is a common and highly curable malignancy in children and adolescents. Due to low-resource settings, there are many clinical and pathological variations and alterations of treatment modalities in low-middle-income countries. This study aims to explore the clinicopathological profile of paediatric Hodgkin lymphoma and it...

The murine mammary gland is sustained by distinct pools of stem cells that are limited in space and time, exhibiting both unipotency and bipotency. However, the specific identities of the bipotent and unipotent mammary stem cells remain unclear. In this study, we investigated spatial heterogeneity of the mammary gland at the single-cell transcripti...

Objectives To present the long‐term outcomes of men with Grade Group (GG) 1 prostate cancer (PCa), included in the Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance (PRIAS) study, and to assess the effect of the inclusion of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within the active surveillance (AS) protocol. Patients and Methods The PRIAS study...

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors among women and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in females, primarily due to delays in diagnosis and shortcomings in treatment strategies. Consequently, there is a pressing need to identify reliable therapeutic targets and strategies. In recent years, the identif...

Transformer-based models have achieved remarkable success in natural language and vision tasks, but their application to gene expression analysis remains limited due to data sparsity, high dimensionality, and missing values. We present GexBERT, a transformer-based autoencoder framework for robust representation learning of gene expression data. Gex...

This study assessed the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) in both maintenance and consolidation therapies for MM patients. A comprehensive search across multiple databases was conducted, including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, CNKI, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and others, to identify randomized controlled tria...

Thyroid Cancer (TC) is one of the most prevalent endocrine malignancies, with early detection being critical for patient management. The motivation for integrating Machine Learning (ML) in thyroid cancer research stems from the limitations of conventional diagnostic and monitoring approaches, as ML offers transformative potential for reducing human...

Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models have advanced cancer research by better mimicking the tumour microenvironment compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. However, challenges persist in high-throughput analysis of morphological characteristics and cell viability, as traditional methods like manual fluorescence analysis are lab...

Cancer research has long been dominated by a gene-centric, substantialist ontology that reduces the disease to static mutations, overlooking its dynamic, relational nature. This commentary proposes a processual ontology, inspired by Alfred North Whitehead’s philosophy, to reframe cancer as a system of interactions across genetic, epigenetic, and en...

Background Accurate documentation of tumours presents significant opportunities for advancing cancer research and improving patient care, yet it also poses challenges for healthcare management. Objective This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and resource implications of source data verification (SDV) in enhancing the quality of tumour docum...

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with increasing attention being given to novel therapeutic strategies that target the mechanisms underlying tumor growth and drug resistance. Among these, ferroptosis, a regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has become a key focus in cancer researc...

Cancer seriously threatens the lives and health of people worldwide, and exosomes seem to play an important role in managing cancer effectively, which has attracted extensive attention from researchers in recent years. This study aimed to scientifically visualize exosomes research in cancer (ERC) through bibliometric analysis, reviewing the past, s...

Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapy has revolutionized cancer research by enabling versatile delivery systems for therapeutic applications. The future of mRNA-based cancer therapies shows promise amidst challenges such as delivery efficiency, immunogenicity, and tumor heterogeneity. Recent progress has adapted various strategies such as design flexi...

Tumor growth is a complex, multi-dimensional process that involves a range of interactions at the cellular, tissue, and organ levels. Traditional models of tumor growth often focus on a single scale, neglecting the intricate interactions between these different levels. However, a comprehensive understanding of cancer progression requires an integra...

Serine is crucial for tumor initiation, progression, and adaptive immunity. Metabolic pathways for serine synthesis, acquisition, and utilization in tumors and tumor-associated cells are influenced by various physiological factors and the tumor microenvironment, leading to metabolic reprogramming and amplification. Excessive serine metabolism promo...

Nanotechnology, could possibly in a decade, change the basic concepts of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticle science is considered the foundation on which most nanotechnological cancer therapies are based. A Nanoparticle (NP) possesses unique properties like quantum effects and surface area effects. The NP circulates through the body, dete...

Personalized medicine in oncology: Small molecule inhibitors, biologics and immunotherapies Priya Hays, PhD, CEO of Hays Documentation Specialists, discusses innovations and advancements in the development and evaluation of personalized cancer therapies. Advancements in cancer research have led to changes in the treatment of patients with cancer, r...

The Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model (CDM) supports large-scale research by enabling distributed network analyses. However, the breadth of its adoption in cancer research is not well understood. We conducted a scoping review to describe the adoption of the OMOP CDM in cancer research. A total of 49 unique articles...

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in and relationships between return to work (RTW), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and Psychological Stress in patients with non-invasive bladder cancer during bladder perfusion therapy after electrosurgical resection. Design: In this prospective observational study Methods: Patients who underwent bladder pe...

Background Understanding the variation in perioperative care across a population is fundamental to improving the management and outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer. Currently, there is limited individual patient level data available to assess this variation. Therefore, as part of an improvement programme, we conducted an audit to understand...

Purpose Meditation is well known for its positive effects on recovery and quality of life enhancement among cancer patients. Meditation as an adjuvant therapy has received extensive attention from international scholars in relieving pain, reducing psychological pressure and improving the quality of life of cancer patients. In this study, we examine...

Apoptosis is vital for improving the efficacy of lung cancer (LC) immunotherapy by targeting cancer cell elimination. Despite its importance, there is a lack of comprehensive bibliometric studies analyzing global research on apoptosis in LC immunotherapy. This analysis aims to address this gap by highlighting key trends, contributors, and future di...

Back ground: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women counting about 125 per 100000 per year new case in United States and about 1.4milion new cases worldwide. In the last twenty years early diagnosis, neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic treatment that targeted to specific molecular targets have significantly reduced the mortality from bre...

Cancer is a major public health and economic issue faced globally today, significantly affecting human health and life. Due to various constraints, exploring the causal relationship between risk factors and cancer is challenging and not exactly accurate. The advent of Mendelian randomization (MR) effectively addresses these issues, providing new av...

This article reflects on the process of conducting community-and health facility-based research on cancer awareness and early diagnosis in selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa, namely, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe. We draw from two research projects: the African Women Awareness of CANcer project and the African aWAreness of CANcer and Earl...

Breast cancer genomic landscapes differ across ethnic groups, yet the somatic profile of Thai breast tumours has remained uncharacterised. This study analysed 1676 high-hereditary-risk Thai breast cancer patients, identified according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline. Germline alterations were assessed in 1370 cases using a...

This paper presents the Adaptive Hill Climbing Artificial Lemming Algorithm (AHALA), a novel optimization method designed to improve miRNA-based breast cancer subtyping and classification. By integrating Hill Climbing into the Artificial Lemming Algorithm, AHALA balances global exploration and local exploitation through adaptive boundary handling a...

Background: Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy worldwide, and its incidence and mortality are increasing annually. In recent years, researchers have gradually realized that the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. The in-depth study of CRC and its microenvironment provides not on...

Academic posters have evolved significantly, shifting from rare presentation opportunities to a common method of scientific dissemination. As speaking time and individualized attention for posters have diminished, new challenges have emerged, emphasizing the need for effective visual communication. This study aimed to evaluate the adoption and effe...

This protocol outlines the maintenance, subculturing, and cryopreservation of TR146 oral squamous carcinoma cells for use in cancer research

Cancer is one of the leading causes of global death. For ages, research has been carried out to find a lasting cure to this global burden. Conventional cancer treatment such as Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy had been helpful over the years. But this treatment has its adverse side effect which makes it not an effective tool in cancer treatment. Of recen...

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into cancer research holds significant promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy, predicting treatment responses, and personalizing patient care. However, the effectiveness of AI models is heavily contingent upon the quality of the data used for training and validation. This study aims to evaluate the...

Background Studies have reported higher lung cancer incidence among groups with lower socioeconomic position (SEP). However, it is not known how this difference in lung cancer incidence between SEP groups varies across different geographical settings. Furthermore, most prior studies that assessed the association between SEP and lung cancer incidenc...

Current research highlights the importance of genomics in predicting tumor progression, identifying driver mutations, and informing personalized therapies in many types of cancer. This Special Issue will cover genomic alterations, driver mutations, tumor evolution metrics, and the integration of genomics with clinicopathological and artificial inte...

Background Journals and publishers vary in the methods they use to detect plagiarism, when they implement these methods, and how they respond when plagiarism is suspected both before and after publication. This study aims to determine the policies and procedures of oncology journals for detecting and responding to suspected plagiarism in unpublishe...

I start the new project:"Develop interdisciplinary AI agents that can generate novel cancer research hypotheses and design research plans for experimental validation" with research objectives as following: • Develop AI-driven models to simulate Mg-28’s impact on cancer cells, including: o Simulation of Auger electrons, beta-minus particles, and re...

Background: Cancer research targeting people in the Central Asian region is of great importance to conduct successful cancer treatment. On the other hand, the quality of the research is also important and should meet the required scientific criteria. In this context, we aimed to examine the oncology research in Uzbekistan. Materials and Methods: A...

Traditional 2D cell culture models present significant limitations in replicating the intricate architecture and microenvironment of in vivo solid tumors, which are essential for accurately studying cancer initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis. This underscores the need for the development of advanced preclinical models to accelerate rese...

Background The Cancer Behaviour Inventory–Brief Version was designed to assess cancer‐coping self‐efficacy in clinical and research settings where minimising patient burden is essential. However, there is no evidence of its longitudinal validity. Although widely used in cancer research, the lack of evidence for longitudinal invariance significantly...

In modern cancer research, the vast volume of medical data generated is often underutilised due to challenges related to patient privacy. The OncoReg Challenge addresses this issue by enabling researchers to develop and validate image registration methods through a two-phase framework that ensures patient privacy while fostering the development of...