Canada - Science topic

In the coming decade, we may see the advent of multinational federalism on an international scale. As great powers and international organizations become increasingly uncomfortable with the creation of new states, multinational federalism is now an important avenue to explore, and in recent decades the experiences of Canada and Quebec have had a ke...

In many countries, osteoporosis is predominantly managed by primary care physicians; however, management after a fragility fracture has not been widely investigated. We describe osteoporosis care gaps in a real-world patient cohort. Our findings help inform initiatives to identify and overcome obstacles to effective management of patients after fra...

Background Most epidemiologic reports focus on lower extremity amputation (LEA) caused specifically by diabetes mellitus. However, narrowing scope disregards the impact of other causes and types of limb amputation (LA) diminishing the true incidence and societal burden. We explored the rates of LEA and upper extremity amputation (UEA) by level of a...

Clinical artificial intelligence (AI) applications are rapidly developing but existing medical school curricula provide limited teaching covering this area. Here we describe an AI training curriculum we developed and delivered to Canadian medical undergraduates and provide recommendations for future training. Hu et al. describe their experiences ru...

Recently, in Winnipeg, the implementation of new bus rapid transit (BRT) system in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic has raised many concerns, challenging the rationale behind the untimely release. However, the new BRT service can benefit low-income, socio-economically vulnerable, and transit captive passengers who must travel to essential servic...

In recent decades, a number of training environments have moved toward program approaches targeting the development of competencies. Because of their complexity, monitoring the development of those competencies is a considerable challenge. Our hypothesis is that a computerized system could help overcome this challenge if it is well accepted by its...

Background Since 2014, the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), which performs health technology assessments for all federal, provincial and territorial government drug programs (except Quebec’s) and the pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance (pCPA), which conducts price negotiations with manufacturers for all government drug...

Background and aims We report on a cost analysis study, using population level data to determine the emergency service costs avoided from emergency overdose management at supervised consumption services (SCS). Design We completed a cost analysis from a payer’s perspective. In this setting, there is a single-payer model of service delivery. Settin...

Objective Person-to-person transmission can occur during outbreaks of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC), however the impact of this transmission route is not well understood. This study aimed to examine the role of person-to-person transmission during a VTEC outbreak, and how targeting this route may reduce outbreak size. A deterministic compar...

To offer a critical reflection on an impoverished neighborhood in Vancouver, Canada, and their access to oral health care. A review of how a lack of publicly funded oral health care affects the most vulnerable, uninsured, and underserved citizens is performed. Personal and professional accounts on how entrepreneurial innovations of not-for-profit o...

Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) extraction can augment energy supplies in countries with viable gas resources, but it risks damaging water resources. Water supply problems for fracking can also limit UOG extraction, especially in water-stressed regions. Regulations are one of the main tools used to minimize UOG extraction impacts on water resource...

Background The use of image guidance systems has gained widespread acceptance as an adjunctive tool for endoscopic sinus surgery. However, the accessibility and usage of this technology is variable across hospitals in Canada. Study objective The aim of this study is to investigate the availability, usage, and related issues surrounding the use of...

Key message This document describes a dataset obtained from a field sampling program conducted in Alberta, Canada. Field data were used to describe the structure and composition of forest stands, including several fuel loads (e.g., surface, understory, canopy fuels). The dataset can be downloaded from 10.17605/OSF.IO/FZ8E4 and metadata is available...

Selection of the best component arrangement and sizing measurement for hybrid energy systems (HES) is vital to provide a reliable, consistent, and cost-effective energy supply. This study investigates a techno-economic feasibility analysis of stand-alone HES on Western side of Pelee Island, Canada, whose load is 2426 kWh/day. Several hybridization...

The submission deadline for the 2022 International Conference on Human-Centric Smart Environments for Health and Well-being has been extended to July 25th, 2022. IHSH’2022 is planned as a hybrid event: some sessions in-person to be held in Lévis, Canada (QC) and some over the Internet. All presented papers will be submitted for publication in IEEE...

This paper reports on a survey of critical listening training offered at tertiary education providers in the USA, UK, Australia, and Canada. The purpose of the investigation is to explore the concept of mental representations in educational contexts, as instructional materials do not always consider this aspect despite a rich research terrain in th...

The Alberta wetland policy aims to protect the most valuable wetlands and maintain wetland functions despite unavoidable wetland loss. The Alberta Wetland Rapid Evaluation Tool-Actual (ABWRET-A) was developed to quantify wetland functions in support of policy implementation. We evaluated > 200 wetlands used to calibrate ABWRET-A and > 2000 wetlands...

The purpose of this research is to gain a better understanding of how co-creation, engagement, and participation work together to improve relationship quality within the context of co-creation in brand communities. The study uses a cross-sectional survey that was conducted among the members of various brand communities from Canada and the United St...

Purpose To establish the content validity of LIMB-Q Kids, a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for children with lower limb deformities. This study focused on three key components of content validity, i.e., comprehension, comprehensiveness, and relevance. Methods Cognitive debriefing interviews (CDIs) with children with lower limb deformi...

This qualitative study aimed to understand how migration experiences shape im/migrant women's needs, desire for, and expectations of healthcare in the British Columbia (BC), Canada context. Interviews with 33 im/migrant women (December 2018–January 2020) highlighted that traumatic experiences across migration increased healthcare needs; insufficien...

Professeur(e)s, chercheuses et chercheurs, étudiant(e)s, professionnel(le)s, et grand public. Nous avons l’honneur de vous inviter à notre École internationale d’été : 𝗦𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗲́ 𝗲𝘁 𝘀𝗲́𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗲́ 𝗱𝘂 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹 𝗱𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝘂𝗻 𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗲 𝗲𝗻 𝗽𝗹𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗺𝘂𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 — 𝗿𝗲́𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗲́𝘀, 𝗱𝗲́𝗳𝗶𝘀 𝗲𝘁 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲𝘀. L’École se déroule à l’UQTR - Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Ville de...

The sustainability of housing is a main issue in the modern world. The United Nations has espoused sustainable development goals to ensure that the resources are applied appropriately and that society can increase. This research will not only contribute to the general goal of sustainability for societal benefit but also improve the sustainability a...

This article considers how documentation enrichesliteracieslearninginhighereducation, specifically in a graduate course designed for language teachers.Building on a one-year research study with graduate studentsata university inthe Atlantic regionof Canada, the authors demonstrate how participant-generated documentation, including cartography,prese...

This reference document was prepared using mostly publicly available information. The majority of the information contained in the document was updated prior to May 1, 2021. The global fusion energy industry is growing and changing as time progresses, and so any new and important developments in fusion science and technology that have occurred afte...

Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is the primary intervention for opioid use disorder (OUD) in Canada and the USA. Yet, a number of barriers contribute to sub-optimal treatment uptake and retention, including daily-supervised medication administration. Thus, clients are eventually granted access to take-home OAT doses (i.e., ‘carries’) to reduce this...

A summary presentation on the history of the development of Canadian Medicare, the decentralized nature of the Canadian health system, and the different layers of health services in Canada.

Piscine orthoreovirus genotype-1 (PRV-1) is a virus commonly associated with Atlantic salmon aquaculture with global variability in prevalence and association with disease. From August 2016 to November 2019, 2,070 fish sampled at 64 Atlantic salmon net-pen farm sites during 302 sampling events from British Columbia, Canada, were screened for PRV-1...

In this paper, I estimate a gravity model that provides strong evidence that border effects are heterogeneous by region and test for the presence of the spatial attenuation effect and international market access costs. I introduce GDP, importer population density, and importer metropolitan statistical area count as determinants of the border effect...

Ecological Investigation of the Coalfield Community Pasture, Saskatchewan, Canada

Indoor radon concentration activity measurement has been considered as a useful parameter in evaluation of health hazards due to radon. The major health hazard is lung cancer attributable to radon in Canada which causes 16% of total lung cancer deaths. The purpose of this study is to determine indoor radon concentration (Bq/m 3) and effective annua...

Revolucionando la conversación sobre Palestina. ILAN PAPPE Prólogo de Palestina por Martín Martinelli Pensé que podría prologar este importante libro señalando el regreso del discurso revolucionario al mundo de la erudición y el activismo de y para Palestina. En el centro de la revolución discursiva se encuentra el retorno de la descolonización com...

Les jeux de hasards au Canada

Soil gas radon concentration measurement studies have been carried out globally to determine the health hazard effects of radon due to its seepage in indoor air of dwellings. It is a useful parameter for geochemical exploration of Uranium and earthquake precursory studies. Most of the countries, including Canada, have designed building codes to red...

The aim of this contribution is to present some ciliate reports from Amsterdam, the Netherlands. They are: Acineta nitocrae Dovgal, 1984, Metacineta micraster (Penard, 1914), Opercularia sp., Campanella sp., Platycola decumbens Ehrenberg, 1830, Thuricola folliculata Kent, 1881, and Stentor sp. The systematic position of the several finds of these s...

Les jeux de hasard sont courants au Canada, comme dans de nombreux autres pays. La plupart des personnes qui jouent à des jeux de hasard le font sans conséquences dommageables, mais une minorité d’entre elles subiront des répercussions négatives. Au Canada, les possibilités de jouer à des jeux de hasard n’ont cessé d’augmenter au fil du temps, et...

Gambling is common in Canada, as it is in many other countries. The majority of people who gamble do so without harm, but a minority will be adversely affected. The availability of gambling opportunities in Canada has been increasing over time, and the introduction of new gambling technologies, such as online poker and sports betting, has amplified...

In this article, we describe a gender peak effect that women's relative share in COVID-19 infections increases when there is a sharp increase in cases, and it reaches the highest level during peak times in each wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. We demonstrate this gender peak effect by analyzing detailed, sex-disaggregated Public Health Agency of Cana...

Gambling in Canada

L'intelligence artificielle peut-elle être considérée comme un simple outil alors que c'est une technologie qui déploie une certaine vision du monde et renferme des enjeux de pouvoirs ? Un article qui analyse cette question sous l'angle de la participation, de la justice sociale et des communs, en prenant l'exemple, entre autres, des robots sociau...

The optimum level of functional or metabolic effectiveness of a living organism is known as health. Adolescence means a stage of development in which a human being transition from childhood to adulthood. This juncture is extremely important, since these changes are formative in the life of a person, where major physical, behavioral and psychologica...

Traditionally, environmental authorities make regulatory policies for controlling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution based upon the mitigation of dominant VOC sources. However, the emission from each VOC source has a unique combination of VOC species of different toxicities. Without quantitatively assessing the health risk associated with...

Purpose To examine the risk of perinatal mental illness, including new-onset disorders and recurrent or ongoing use of mental health care, comparing women with physical, sensory, intellectual/developmental, and multiple disabilities to those without a disability. Methods From all women aged 15–49 years with a singleton birth in Ontario, Canada (20...

This article adopts the perspective of Sen’s capability approach to examine elite athletes’ environment and their capability to plan and prepare a career transition out of sport. Interviews were conducted with 14 elite athletes in Canada and results from the thematic analysis reveal that discrepancies exist in the athletes’ environment. Three types...

While Canadian public schools do not charge students tuition the same way post-secondary institutions do, we are increasingly seeing neoliberal pressures contribute to a lucrative market for tuition-based international students in K-12 education similar to higher education. This study focuses on how neoliberalization is shaping and contributing to...

Burnout is a healthcare concern affecting physicians around the world. Physicians experiencing burnout tend to display signs of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment. Ongoing burnout trends have posed numerous challenges to Canadian physicians, notwithstanding the added complexity of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact...

Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) was historically abundant in Lake of the Woods, Canada/USA, and was the first species to be commercially harvested from that waterbody commencing in 1888. The number of pound nets used annually was documented from 1888 to 1910 and used as a surrogate for effort in a surplus-production model using a Bayesian appr...

Introduction The treatment of glioma with temozolomide chemoradiotherapy predisposes patients to pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Because PCP is a rare outcome, very little is known about specific clinical risk factors for its development in patients with glioma. Methods We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study of glioma patients un...

A commonly assumed pattern in species assemblages is the abundance–occupancy relationship (AOR), which refers to a relationship between the mean local abundance of each species and the proportion of local sites that each species occupies. The AOR concept is relevant because it allows researchers to make inferences or predictions between species abu...

The ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is detectable in municipal wastewater as infected individuals can shed the virus in their feces. Viral concentration in wastewater can inform the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic but observations can be noisy and sparse and hence hamper the epidemiologic...

This article discusses how the evolution of media industry in Canada affects the construction of identities and careers in digital journalism. It is based on 17 in-depth interviews with professionals working in Canadian Anglophone and Francophone media. Based on an interactionist theoretical approach, this article underlines how journalists negotia...

The electoral success of nativist parties in several Western democracies in the last decade surprised many political operators and academics alike, in part due to an insufficient understanding of the confluence of triggers of anti-immigrant sentiments. The extent of knowledge has since improved with notable strides made at the intersection of multi...

The final formatting of the fourth ED Guide was a final funded initiative in November 2021, and carries the previous (historic) branding. The guide is CC-BY so we encourage promoting and sharing widely. We are thankful to the authors for their continued efforts and insightful contribution to educational development. “A Comprehensive Guide to Worki...

In a widely acclaimed contribution to Management International Review, Hennart (2007) challenged one of the mainstream theories of International Business, the S-curve relationship between multinationality and performance, by arguing that there is no positive impact on performance aside from the scale enhancing effect resulting from increasing multi...

The marketing and sale of oxycodone (OxyContin) by Purdue Pharma has commanded a great deal of legal and policy attention due to the drug’s central role in the ongoing overdose crisis. However, little is known about the basis for OxyContin’s approval by regulators, such as Health Canada in 1996. Taking advantage of a recently created online databas...

Fragility fractures (i.e., low-energy fractures) account for most fractures among older Canadians and are associated with significant increases in morbidity and mortality. Study results suggest that low-energy fracture rates (associated with surgical intervention and outcomes) declined slightly, but largely remained stable in the first few months o...

To halve per capita global food waste by 2030, policies and programs that effectively reduce household food waste generation are needed. Building upon a previous randomized controlled trial, this study evaluated the long-term effectiveness of the “Reduce Food Waste, Save Money” household food waste reduction intervention by comparing direct measure...

Objectives Food insecurity and paediatric obesity are two major public health issues in Canada that may have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed food insecurity and its correlates among households of children receiving care at a paediatric obesity management clinic in Montreal. We also assessed whether the prevalence of food inse...

The article provides information on the pace of construction and commissioning of nuclear power units at nuclear power plants in the world over the past 60 years. Nuclear energy is the most important factor in ensuring the energy independence of Ukraine. As of 2022, 80% of the entire fleet of Ukrainian nuclear power units (12 out of 15) have alread...

Hybrid zones reveal the strength of reproductive isolation between populations undergoing speciation and are thus a key tool used in evolutionary biology research. Multiple replicate transects across the same hybrid zone offer further insight into the dynamics of hybridization in different environments, clarifying the role of extrinsic forces on th...

Community-engaged research calls on us to rethink ourselves as researchers and to address lopsided researcher-researched relationships. As a group of university researchers, we participated in a research-practice partnership that included a research-intensive university, an internationally recognized professional learning network, a ministry of edu...

We are pleased that submission rates at Ecological Monographs have been increasing for the last four years; they are up 7% from 2020 and 18% from 2019. Perhaps this partly reflects a pandemic bump in author productivity, but 2022 has also started with a high pace of submissions. We are receiving more varied and cross-cutting manuscripts than ever b...

Tracking the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages using phylogenetics has proven critical to inform the timing and stringency of COVID-19 public health interventions. We investigated the effectiveness of international travel restrictions at reducing SARS-CoV-2 importations and transmission in Canada in the first two waves of 2020 and early 2...

There is limited research that examines the employment-related geographical mobility (E-RGM) of journeypersons in the construction industry. Such an investigation is important because migration can help reduce labour shortages and surpluses and allow journeypersons to obtain gainful employment. In this paper we investigate the E-RGM of construction...

Quatre espèces, Aporrectodea rosea, A. turgida, Lumbricus rubellus et Octolasion tyrtaeum ont été observées pour la première fois dans le comté d'Arthabaska, Québec. On atteint donc le nombre de onze espèces connues dans ce comté. L'amélioration des sols, les communautés de vers de terre et la biomasse sont discutés. Mots clé: Canada, Québec, Comté...

Accurate management of exploited fish populations is essential to ensure their long-term sustainability. The use of eDNA as a tool for providing information on population relative abundance offers much potential although few examples in a fishery context have been documented. In this study, we collected 600 water samples from 30 lakes in Québec (Ca...

Laboratory incidents that result in an exposure to human pathogens and toxins can lead to laboratory-acquired infections or intoxications (LAIs). These infections can pose a risk to the public as well, should person-to-person transmission occur outside the laboratory after an LAI. Understanding factors that contribute to exposure incidents involvin...

A structural health monitoring system was installed on the 60-year-old Diefenbaker Bridge, located in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada, to investigate in-situ bridge behaviours, such as the degree of composite action, lateral load distribution, and dynamic load influence. The 304 m long, seven span bridge consists of two separate fracture critic...

Background The Canada's Food Guide (CFG) is recognized as the most prominent authoritative guideline for healthy eating in Canada. In 2019, Health Canada released the latest iteration of the CFG with substantial changes to its messaging and format from the previous 2007 CFG.Objective This study compared the awareness, use, knowledge, and opinions o...

Parental reflective functioning is a potential target for promoting sensitive caregiving behaviors, particularly for parents at higher risk for difficulties in reflective functioning due to depressive symptomatology. The present study tested the modifiability of parental reflective functioning using a brief online intervention. Parents (n = 94; mea...