Business Ethics - Science topic

They are also using big data to target perspective on campus students. Once they know a student is potentially interested in attending, they can delve into their test scores, high school academic history, and other information to determine if a student is likely to succeed.

The best way always in this regard: "Read, Read, and Read".

To check for a good topic to read about, I suggest you do the following:

1. Choose a number of peer-reviewed research papers related to, say, business ethics, from Google Scholar or similar websites, not from any other source such as Google, etc.

2. Read these research papers and check for the research gaps from within such research. You may find these gaps under the subtitle, Future Research or similar subtitles.

3. Make sure that such gaps are not covered by recent research. That is, for the gap that you want to cover, read to the last current research in this regard to make sure that no other author(s) already conducted such research.

4. Then, go ahead and start preparing for your research, preferably using the Literature Review Matrix where you put a table showing authors, title, objectives, problem statement, variables, methodologies used, findings, etc. for each research paper selected. By the way, you may want to keep such relevant research papers to use them as references in your research.

Dear Johann Pieterse,

The questionnaire to be completed by people interested in these doctoral studies, i.e. related to the research conducted on the issues of business ethics in the sharing economy, can be posted on the Internet. You can then submit a request for this questionnaire on the Research Gate website and other internet portals. The request should encourage people interested in undertaking doctoral studies in the field of business ethics in the sharing economy to complete this questionnaire. I think there will be people willing to participate in these doctoral studies, because the issues are interesting and developmental.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Raya Al-Naimi,

Yes, that's right. Ethics is a set of rules, written or unwritten, that can be of significant importance to consumers of products and services. If this is the case, then producers, service providers, traders take these issues into account in running their enterprises, companies, etc.

Thank you, Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Milan B. Vemić,

Thanks for the information on the webinar on big data collected on Big Data platforms and the processing of information collected in Big Data database systems. Thanks for the link to the YouTube video that addresses this issue.

Thank you very much,

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

It is mandatory to collect the Ethical Approval letter from your Institution before starting the data collection from the Physicians.

The same Ethical Clearance letter or Ethical sanction letter from the respective academic institutions or any Government offices are concerned about the cross-sectional survey jurisdiction.

This will help when go for publication.

The Editor used to ask this Ethical Approval letter along with your manuscript.

There are many formalities while you want to approach on Publications. Especially funding, Conflict of Interest or Competing Interest, Ethical Approval letter etc have to be submitted to the Editor.

You will be safe if you will submit Ethical issues certificate as well as to protect you if any questions raised by the third parties.

Mostly researchers who are publishing in Scopus Indexed Journals, Web of Science Journals are strictly following these procedures.

Hope you will get more answers from the RG users.

I quantitatively used it by analyzing the content of annual reports to determine the level of sustainability disclosure

Not only is this possible but it is a moral responsibility. Business leaders, like all leaders, are role models. In their day-to-day activities, business leaders lay the foundation for the ethical culture of the organization. It does not end there, however. There is a ripple effect in that it thereby influences broader communities and society in general as well. Generally speaking, the larger the organization, the more impactful the business is on society.

Burçak Hanım yolun başında genç bir araştırmacı olduğunuzu varsayıyorum. Size tavsiyem bu tartışma başlığının ekindeki makalelerimi okumanız. Teşekkürler.

Hello,

Thank you very much for reading recommendations!

Tatiana Garanina The findings of the study by Cai, Jo and Pan (2012) are interesting. Controversial industry managers in the United States regard CSR as important, even though they know their products are unhealthy.

Agostino Vollero I did not know your work. Yesterday I read your research and I will definitely cite it in my next works. Table 1 is very interesting! The research findings have theoretical and managerial implications.

Sudip Debkuumar I agree with you. Political interests must not come before social interests. These sectors are harmful to people's health.

Thank you Junghoon Park . I will check out the list of papers you suggested to me.

Privacy... Antón, A. I., Earp, J. B., & Young, J. D. (2010). How internet users' privacy concerns have evolved since 2002. IEEE Security & Privacy, 8(1), 21-27.

Dear Arjun R for a young researcher / academic it s certainly not easy to judge the quality of a journal. I always urge my students to regularly read a good number of journals in our field to get an idea about the quality of the articles published in these journals. Reading articles yourself is the most important requirement for becoming an expert in your field. When it come to choosing a journal to publish your own work my advice would be to always adhere to established publishers like Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, Taylor & Francis etc. That way you can avoid stepping into the traps of predatory journals which are only interested in your money. In contrast, most of the journals published by respected publishers do not ask for publication fees or articles processing charges etc. Always choose a journal with an impact factor so that your paper will be read worldwide and eventually cited by other researchers.

Also controlling the negative impact on environment in the face of profit opportunities

Credit rating agencies have come under increased scrutiny since the financial crisis. Their failure to recognise the threats to the financial system prior to the crisis coupled with their steady downgrading of European sovereign debt has led to much criticism, especially from European politicians and economists.... This examines the major agencies' influence, independence and performance and explores whether a publicly funded European agency would improve the situation... Tichy, G., Lannoo, K., Ap Gwilym, O., Alsakka, R., Masciandaro, D., & Paudyn, B. (2011). Credit rating agencies: Part of the solution or part of the problem?. Intereconomics, 46(5), 232-262.

It is more important than ever before to teach ethics and values with emphasis on humanitarian and humanistic values. Not only has the world's population skyrocketed to billions of human beings, at the same time and with equal intensity, the demographics have diversified significantly. Given that the word "ethics" is etymologically rooted in the concept of "ethos," any approach to a discussion of ethics necessarily ought to take into account ethnicity, both as an insular concept pertaining to minority groups in a specific geographical location, and also as a globalized concept that encompasses all of the countless nations on the face of our Earth.

In view of the rapidity with which "difference" outpaces "sameness" in the world today, at some point in the educational process, each and every student ought to receive formal instruction and training in order to be prepared to meet the challenges presented by the demands of diversity, whether in day-to-day living or in interaction across national, linguistic, social, economic, religious, political, and other visible and palpable boundaries.

Ethical values pertain specifically to how to interact with our fellow human beings, at home, in the neighborhood, in our different community affiliations, in our town or city, precinct, prefecture, county, province, state, nation, and region. Each of these geophysical and geopolitical classifications has its own distinctive "ethos" and "collective ethos." The basis of teaching ethics is actually the place we call "home." Our first experience with ethics is in the home, i.e., what is the proper conduct of husband and wife, parents and children, family and neighbors?

By the time a child is ready to participate in a classroom under the supervision of a teacher, the process of assimilating the societal phenomenon of "ethics" has already begun.

the main ethic required to face this problem is to adhere of system within country whether educational system or social system

Thank you Santosh!

Respected Olutayo Kadmiel Osunsan. It seems that these discussions are universal, in my classes we also discuss these problems very frequently. I will express no opinion on this topic, very controversial and with which many people do not agree. A citizen who acts from well-defined moral values ​​is the one who would most respect the law. This type of citizen will assume the law as a natural process of a social nature. The law is mandatory, violating it means committing a crime that can mean being imprisoned. This type of action is preceded by a fact that ends in the repression in case of breaking the law. Nevertheless; acting by values, by convictions, by motivational levers is a significantly social way of assuming life in society, which includes respect for the law. It cannot be forgotten that man is a cultural being, eminently social and the law is a reflection of social relations and expression of the interests of the classes that are in power. That is why ethical action in the face of life is the type of citizen with real potential to develop any society. In my opinion, we can continue to discuss this issue in future exchanges. Thank you.

Ali

Great one..retail getting less and lass ethical

See Surveillance Capitalism Zuboff 2019

Best

dear Yanica, thanks for your contribution. this is indeed great, although I am included to separate CSR and RI (see attach). but this may definitely be an interesting avenue for further research.

ok Wonjae, great, but I guess that today's societal issues like global warming, but also new disruptive technologies like AI need more societal consideration as well. and there the paradox appears, because in order to become debatable, companies should at least try to reduce information asymmetries. but thanks for your engagement anyway. vincent

Morality is an attitude of always doing what is right.

I have this case study, could you help please?

Corruption can exist in any type of political regime. However, in a sound democracy, it is easier to fight with it, thanks to the public control (including free media), various institutional arrangements, independence of courts, political culture, and the rule of law. Regarding the 'lawful autocrat' issue, it is the leader with the legitimacy. Legitimacy is one of the key notions of political science and is inseparably linked to ideas such as the state, power, citizens, rights, and obligations, etc. Definitions continue to be the subject of much debate, but I will confine myself here to the one proposed by Bertrand Badie. In his view, “legitimacy may be defined as the formula by which individuals accept power and consider their obedience as a just commitment” (Badie, Sociology of Legitimacy, 2001). When rulers wield the power they have no right to wield, it is said that they exert power without legitimacy. Legitimacy concerns the relation between citizens, or subjects, and the state authority or, as e.g. in Sub-Saharan Africa, the local traditional authority. Above all, it involves such basic issues as the subjects’ or citizens’ submission to, or compliance with, the decisions made by the authorities and the right of the state or traditional authority to limit the subjects’ or citizens’ freedom. The authorities in today’s democratic states draw their legitimacy from the will of the electorate as expressed through elections. Nonetheless, even in such a seemingly ideal state of affairs, legitimacy is at times a subject of discussion. Seymour Martin Lipset (Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics, 1983) says in this context that legitimacy is evaluative and considers that people of a state recognize a political system as legitimate or not “according to the way in which its values fit with theirs.” Thus, for example, when in a democratic state a candidate we support is elected to office we automatically recognize that candidate as having legitimacy. If the same elections are won by a candidate whom we do not trust or support, we may question that person’s legitimacy, especially if he or she was elected in conditions of low voter turnout. But, for example, in the states of post-colonial Africa, the problem of legitimacy is much more complicated than in the Western world. In the case of many post-colonial African states, traditional authority, which is connected with the faith of the ruled in the sanctity of the traditional order and in the power of the ruler, exists on the local level side by side with the legal national authority (which is based on election, appointment, or other means). In many African states, numerous different pre-colonial systems of power – such as kingships, sultanates or chieftaincies – which have a traditional legitimacy often confirmed in colonial and post-colonial times, have survived till our day.

Dariusz Prokopowicz Nice question

I agreed with Juan Manuel Montero Peña that the answer will be spited in 2 part Adheem Naeem

1st Ethic in banking procedure:

As banks are commercial entities working for profits & the staff has there target-KRA ~ incentive corresponding to the targets such situtation can occur. Additionally banker cant afford to loss large institutional or HNI clients thus th procudere might be at stake.

2nd for CSR thought kindly refer my project & allied paper

https://www.researchgate.net/project/Sustainable-Management-4

No there is no need of CSR activities in School and Colleges but they must creat awareness about CSR or get CSR add on means provide support to profit making enterprise for CSR activities

Yes, for example, the mortgage that shook the United States and caused a major shake-up in world stock exchanges in 2008 and the aftermath of several years

Yes it is, but as pharmaceutical products are like double edge sword which require art of weighing of benefits vs risk so less likely.

According to Robbins and Judge (2009) the following is list of what management can do to create a more ethical organizational culture. They suggest a combination of the following practices:

Thank you Gopi for sharing this with me. From my (long) working experience in four continents I can say that indeed responsibility for the things you do, say or 'share' is a key factor. In addition, a full understanding of the culture, practices and morality of the people you interact with is another key factor. Furthermore, I would argue that respect is yet another key factor, independent on what the 'other side' says, thinks or does.

Best wishes,

Jan

Ethics on code of conduct should be entrenched in companies that want to thrive in the domain of influence. Ethical code of conduct is key to any organization's overall performance.

Hi dear Colleague,

First of all, Obviously, I want toI thank you for raising the ethical issue in the university sphere, that has remained unresolved in our universities.

The question of academia's ethics have been very little discussed.

According to me, what you qualify as "academic dishonesty" or "pestilence and crisis" not reflect the reality of the university disaster. I think there is a deep problem in academicians values system ​​and ethics in the university sphere. This bitter reality leads to the development of what I just called a "Scientific Mafia" in universities. Lobbying, calculation and loss of principles and academic values ​​to the detriment of personal interest concern. The lobby of chief editors of the scientific journals is one of the facets of the "Scientific Mafia". also, groups of academic interest seeking international funded projects are also another facet of this scientific Mafia. Therefore, how do you expect students to behave ethically, if their teachers have unethical behavior?

Dear Cam,

Based on what you write, it seems that you are eminently qualified to teach and that you have expertise in areas that are in great demand in business schools around the world. In particular, ethics and leadership have risen in prominence in recent years. Once you have decided which countries you prefer, make direct contact with people at business schools in those countries.

Best of luck, I hope you get want you want.

John

The important phenomenon to which this query refers can be approached from the angle of "reverse logistics", which is the process of moving unsold (or defective) goods from their typical final destination—back up the supply chain—for the purpose of capturing value, repairing, recycling, or proper disposal. In literature, an early use of the term was in "Reverse Logistics: White Paper", (Stock, 1992) published by the Council of Logistics Management. The number of publications on the topic has since increased significantly, as a search on Google Scholar demonstrates. (Of course, concern for sustainability are, ever more, associated with reverse logistics.)

I recommend this article:

It summarizes the value-enhancing capabilities of firms’ social and environmental activities that exist in theory, but fail to find convincing empirical evidence to link CSR efforts with greater business success.

Well, it's upon you to protect yourself.

There will always be people either just crossing the line or directly trying to rob you.

They might be doing it for money directly, i.e. to collect these bucks one by one from as many people as they can. They can also be trying to rob you of your sensitive data, or to compromise your computer. They would then sell the data or access to the computer to others, who make big bucks on it.

There is no such thing as a lunch for free. Do not believe any of them ads and when you see them popping up on your screen, do the only reasonable thing - hit "Esc" or quit the browser, if it does not help. Do not touch anything in the popped-up window. Remember, do not touch it. Just kill it by any means.

Last, but not least, enable pop-up window blocking, disable tracing of your activity, disable Java script (you can always enable it on specific pages you deem secure), and install ad-blocker from a trusted source. If you wish to do even more, use some sort of safe browser, such as Tor.

Check with Dr. Adrian Doss from the University of West Alabama for assistance, he is very good.

Dear Waleed

Please refer to:

Information Management Model for Intellectual Capital of HEIs in Oman: Theoretical Quantitative Approach and Practical Results. J. of Information and Knowledge Management, 2018, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.1-38. (World Scientific).

· HEIs Quality Improvement Through Students and Academic Staff’s Perception: Data Analysis and Robustness of the Results. International Journal for Quality Research, 2017, Vol.11, No.2, pp.261-278.

· Al-Farahidi Performative model to assess HEIs. 4th OQNHE Conference 2017, pp.1-15.

· A Framework for Fostering the Quality of HEIs: Data Collection, Evaluation, Indication and Validation. Int. J. of Quality and Innovation, Vol.3, No.1, pp.42-66 (Inderscience ).

Regards,

Zuhair

As we have all seen too many times, it is about the money and power that is linked to the money. Unfortunately few companies place the welfare of their employees above the bottom line of profit/loss. It is also so well known that employees will be one of the things impacted by down-sizing or automation.

Dear Gwenola

Please check the following streams of research of the problem you mentioned:

1. Investigation of direct link between sustainable and economic value in the "integrated reporting" research, for instance:

Maniora J (2017) Is Integrated Reporting Really the Superior Mechanism for the Integration of Ethics into the Core Business Model? An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics (2017) 140:755–786

2. Investigation of "innovative Local David vs Global Goliath competition" in sustainable values (my favorite, because (1) they use meanings to explain innovations and (2) make the knowledge about the local sustainable values important)

Hokerts K (2009) Greening Goliaths versus Emerging Davids – Theorizing about the Role of Incumbents and New Entrants in Sustainable Entrepreneurship. WORKING PAPER NO. 01-2009, CBS Center for Corporate Social Responsibility, CBS Working Paper Series, 1-44.

3. Experiments in how sustainable values affect consumers perceptions

Lundqvist, A., Liljander, V., Gummerus, J. and van Riel, A. (2013), “The impact of storytelling on the consumer brand experience: the case of a firm-originated story”, Journal of Brand Management 20, 283-297 (February/March 2013), doi:10.1057/bm.2012.15

There are more streams of research of the problem in question.

Green Management is an initiative aiming at continuously improving the foundation of environmental management, such as the development of personnel responsible for environmental activities, environmental managementsystems, and environmental communication as well as conservation of biodiversity.

I think a great read on the effect of university rankings on institutional practices is by Wendy Espeland and co-author, see their newest book Engines of Anxiety: Academic Rankings, Reputation, and Accountability (with Michael Sauder). It's a huge study of how ranking of law schools in the US affects their practices, also taking into account differences in the reputation of the institutions. Many of the findings could be relevant for other cases of HE league tables, depending on the stakes these rankings have. For law schools the stakes turn to be very high, as the research explains.

We can collaborate by adopting the ( Ambidexterity strategies and digital leadership)

Best regards

The ethical decisions of auditing and accounting are affected by organizational culture and ethical culture. Considering that the ethical ideology of people is affected by their religion and culture, therefore it can play an important role in configuration of ethical judgment of everyone. In fact, ethical values, attitude and behavioral evolution are affected by culture. The research carried out on development of ethics in accounting professions implies that there are “systematic features in this profession that control individuals’ ethics and prevent the remaining of people in higher levels of ethical growth”. I recommend that you identify these systemic features.

Herron, T. L. and D. L. Gilbertson: 2004, ‘Ethical Principles vs. Ethical Rules: The Moderating Effect of Moral Development on Audit Independence Judgments’, Business Ethics Quarterly 14(3), 499–523.

Keller (2007). Do gender, educational level, religiosity and work experience affect the ethical decision making of U.S. accountants? Critical Perspectives on Accounting 18: 299-314.

Douglas, P. C., Davidson, R. A., & Schwartz, B. N. (2001). The effect of organizational culture and ethical orientation on

Sweeney, B., Arnold, D., & Pierce, B. (2010). The impact of perceived ethical culture of the firm and demographic variables on auditors’ ethical evaluation and intention to act decisions. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(4), 531–551.

Dear Nurtraev,

If you are looking for an American newspaper to reach Americans, I would just publish it somewhere else and with the impact it may cause, you will surely be read in New York and have some more doors opened. 

Dear Vergil,

Thank you very much for the interesting links, I noticed in the articles that Corporate social responsibility may also affect directors performance any contribution in respect. opinion, journals, case study would be very helpful.

Regards,

Celeste. 

Absolutely agree with Hemlata, above; and with Peter, that researchers "..do stuff.."---with the aim of consolidating, and sometimes furthering knowledge in their field; otherwise, there's no point "..doing stuff..".

I think, there is big difference between the two terms: social reputation and academic social media! so do you mean the second term in your question? since we are all academic researcher in the RG platform and very far way from pure social interaction like other non academic social media!

Regards, Emad

I am actually looking for open access journals where I will not have to pay publications fees to publish in not ones I can access for reading or research purposes.

Very simply answer: Stakeholders are THE most neglected factor in (project) success.

Look at the 'Brent Spa' incident or the 'Knock Nevis' or even the Batillus class ships. Failure to incorporate Stakeholder's perception is crucial.

While it makes sense from a business point of view, engaging with your Stakeholders is nothing but CSR in itself. Please see below for references.

Kind Regards

Roland

Branco, M., Rodrigues, L.L., 2007. Positioning stakeholder theory within the debate on corporate social responsibility. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies 12, 5–15.

Crane, A., Matten, D., Spence, L.J. (Eds.), 2014. Corporate social responsibility: readings and cases in a global context, 2nd ed. ed. Routledge, London ; New York, NY.

Harrison, J.S., Wicks, A.C., 2013. Stakeholder Theory, Value, and Firm Performance. Business Ethics Quarterly 23, 97–124.

You might want to look also at neighbouring fields, such as brand activism. Particularly, boycotting, culture jamming, anti-branding...

Dear Grace,

I suggest these papers for your research:

Botosan, C. A. (1997). Disclosure level and the cost of equity capital. Accounting review, 323-349.

Chen, S., DeFond, M. L., & Park, C. W. (2002). Voluntary disclosure of balance sheet information in quarterly earnings announcements. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 33(2), 229-251.

Francis, J. R., Khurana, I. K., & Pereira, R. (2005). Disclosure incentives and effects on cost of capital around the world. The Accounting Review, 80(4), 1125-1162.

Lopes, A. B., & de Alencar, R. C. (2010). Disclosure and cost of equity capital in emerging markets: The Brazilian case. The International Journal of Accounting, 45(4), 443-464.

Souissi, M., & Khlif, H. (2012). Meta-analytic review of disclosure level and cost of equity capital. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 20(1), 49-62.

Botosan, C. A. (2006). Disclosure and the cost of capital: what do we know?. Accounting and business research, 36(sup1), 31-40.

Poshakwale, S., & Courtis, J. K. (2005). Disclosure level and cost of equity capital: evidence from the banking industry. Managerial and Decision Economics, 26(7), 431-444.

Bravo Urquiza, F., Abad Navarro, M. C., & Trombetta, M. (2012). Disclosure strategies and cost of capital. Managerial and decision economics, 33(7-8), 501-509.

Best wishes

Anna

Thanks David and Yeda for your links - regards Simon 

Thank you, Dear Fatima,

Very interesting article. I agree that we should not promote their products, but many people around the world eat there.

The DVUSD Continuous Improvement Journey is one of alignment and integration. Beginning with the Strategic Plan and guided by the Baldrige Framework, the district and schools draft Organizational Profiles that highlight details such as student-centered processes, programs, and information regarding our skilled workforce. The Organizational Profile also hosts the mission and vision statements, as well as the core values that define the DVUSD community. To ensure that continuous improvement is at the forefront of all decisions, Deer Valley seeks out feedback from external organizations that can lead to action. In our quest for effective and efficient process improvements, in which students receive the optimal education, Deer Valley employs the AdvancED protocols to maintain district-wide accreditation.

Deer Valley's Strategic Plan is the framework to focus and align our work through 2018. Thus, the entire Deer Valley organization will be positioned to ensure we are fulfilling the mission and achieving the vision of graduating life-long learners to successfully compete, lead, and positively impact the world.

Throughout the 2016-2017 school year, DVUSD will be gathering input from all stakeholders in support of refining our core values and strategic plan. We will examine ways to refine, refocus, and recommit to our district’s key strategic objectives. Continuous improvement is a journey, not an event. Deer Valley supports all employees in the implementation of continuous improvement principles aligned to the Strategic Plan. These principles are embedded throughout the organization through a variety of supports, including quarterly feedback for improvement plans. These CI efforts have been included within our historical story, Our Journey, in which our core values and priorities are portrayed.  Our Journey to Extraordinary. 

Over the course of many years, the Asian Development Bank has developed and refined a set of procurement guidelines, available in several languages (including Chinese) at https://www.adb.org/documents/procurement-guidelines. The purpose is to inform those carrying out projects that are financed in whole or in part by loans from ADB, ADB-financed grants, or ADB-administered funds, but the of the guidelines are state-of-the-art and should be of interest to anyone with interest in procurement.

Dear Daniel,

I gather you are suggesting to publish it in a journal, in which case we have a project on the same topic in a journal planned for 2017-18.

Hi,

You might be interested by this paper:

Financial Contracting and Organizational Form: Evidence from the Regulation of Trade Credit

Journal of Financefebruary 2017, (pages 291–324)

EMILY BREZA and ANDRES LIBERMAN

Best regards

Dear Ali

Yes. Median is preferable particularly when you have some extreme low and high values in the data distribution. When this is the case, the median is a better measure of central tendency than the mean.

You seem very interested to use the mean.  You can proceed to use the mean if the skewness test gives you a value close to zero, indicating no skewness, if the skewness test gives you zero, then you can rely on the mean. You can run the skewness test easily in excel spreadsheet using the formular at the top ribbon.

Hope this helps

Regards

Peterson

Linda,

Please see attached a template of my 2012 survey tool. Hope this helps.

Robert, 

As you know, nobody claims that I'm an unethical person! So measuring unethical behavior is something impossible using a questionnaire. I recommend you to adopt this scale of Justification of unethical behavior comprising "Displacement of responsibility", "Diffusion of responsibility" and "Attribution of Blame." 

Good luck with your research

Interposed entities in Australia are covered in my thesis 'Miners' Motivation'.  The practice received a lot of attention in Australia in the 1980s.  It might be worth a look at the thesis.

Some writers in link attached, wrote about business ethics, good practices in some areas. Maybe it will be mean something.

I think you would always find a gap in terms of quality when it comes to trained and untrained interpreters on the market. The most I can say is that the trained ones should be paid their just due as opposed to the untrained ones. If you received mediocre work then you should decide whether you would ask for the work to be improved before the final payment for the job.

Many thanks,

Debra

You're welcome Sanjeev jee. All the best

Hello Patryk:

There many international standards for evaluating business ethics, these are indexes, indicators and guidelines, please see this papers:

Plasencia-Soler, J. A., Marrero-Delgado, F., Nicado-Garcia, M., & Collada-Peña, I. (2016). Evaluación de la sostenibilidad de organizaciones cubanas. DYNA MANAGEMENT, 4(3), 0. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/mn7966

Plasencia-Soler, J., Marrero-Delgado, F., & Nicado-Garcia, M. (2017). Metodología para evaluar el nivel ético en las organizaciones. Ingeniare, Revista Chilena de Ingeniería, 25(1).

Salvado, M. F., Azevedo, S. G., Matias, J. C. O., & Ferreira, L. M. (2015). Proposal of a Sustainability Index for the Automotive Industry. Sustainability, 7, 2113–2144. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7022113

Polanco, J. P., Ramírez, F., & Orozco, M. (2016). Incidencia de estándares internacionales en la sostenibilidad corporativa: una perspectiva de la alta dirección. Estudios Gerenciales, 32(139), 181–192.

Guo, D., DeFrancia, K., Chen, M., Filiatraut, B., & Zhang, C. (2015). Assessing Sustainability: Frameworks and Indices. Research Program on Sustainability Policy and Management. Earth Institute. Columbia University. Retrieved from http://spm.ei.columbia.edu/files/2015/06/SPM_Metrics_WhitePaper_3.pdf.

Singh, R. K., Murty, H. R., Gupta, S. K., & Dikshit, A. K. (2012). An overview of sustainability assessment methodologies. Ecological Indicators, 15(1), 281–299. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.01.007

I waiting that will be util for you

Best regards

Juan A

Put simply, communication is the process by which information is conveyed through a common system of symbols, signs, or behaviors. In actual fact, it is the process through which relationships are instituted, sustained, altered, or ended by increases or reductions in meaning.

So, unlike conventional public relations or corporate communication, global communication must be considered a process of strategic, imbedded interventions initiated by individuals, communities, and organizations and designed to advance the public good. Needless to say, this is easier said than done; indeed, it is impossible if global communication is not considered a systemic issue, meaning, something linked to political economy and what institutions (or forces) and processes shape that. Nonetheless, some progress may be achieved if strategic communications consider the what, why, where, and how of comprehensive engagement at international, national, sector, and thematic as well as project levels. Based on what values they espouse, principles of continuity, credibility, dialogue, integration, precision, results-orientation, ubiquity, and understanding can underpin a (very necessary) measure of success.

Communications for Development Outcomes, available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266476992_Communications_for_Development_Outcomes, may be of related interest.

Thanks Dear Konadu ji for your wonderful reply.

Social performance of the business may be measured through measure of success of corporate in implementing green concepts in product, process and technology, as well providing direct benefits to the society through CSR activities. CSR encompasses the factors: social benefits, work culture & employee motivation, corporate strategy for environmental protection. The integration of the factors shall create competitive advantage and provide both tangible & intangible benefits by creating an identity as socially and environmentally conscious and responsible business.    

Dear Graham,

Some days ago I came across this paper: Jones, C.L.& Roberts, A.. (2006) Management of Financial Information in Charitable Organizations: the Case of Joint-Cost Allocations. The Accounting Review, 81(1), 159-178.

Well, charities also engage in earnings management... I am wondering whether the donors are aware of this...

Paul    

This question can often be broken into a long view vs. short view perspective.  In the short view the socially responsible behavior may have an economic cost that negatively impacts company performance.   In the long run the public response to the socially responsible behavior can cause a string of positive economic realizations for the business, and these positive impacts can offset or outweigh the short run negative.  The end result is unharmed or enhanced long term performance associated with positive social behavior at the firm level.    Everybody wins.....