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Can ChatGPT be used in conducting market and other analyses that are helpful in managing a business entity?
What could be other applications of generative artificial intelligence, the ChatGPT language model or other similar artificial intelligence technologies in the business of companies and enterprises operating in the SME sector?
Currently and prospectively, generative artificial intelligence, a ChatGPT-type language model, is finding various applications helpful in analyses carried out for business purposes. ChatGPT can be helpful, for example, in quickly drawing up a competitive analysis against a specific company, enterprise, start-up or other type of business entity. This kind of real-time analysis can be helpful in the effective management of a business entity. However, an issue for the time being may be the outdatedness of the data and information contained in the database that ChatGPT uses to answer questions. The aforementioned database is a kind of Big Data database built from data and information collected from a selection of multiple websites, but not now only in 2021. Large corporations, including large technology companies, have the financial capacity to create research and development departments within their company structures, where they develop technological innovations, new technologies, technology standards, etc., in order to be technologically at the forefront and maintain their strong position in specific markets. Consequently, large technology companies also have an interest in ensuring that emerging new technologies and innovations are quickly incorporated into their business. This also applies to the currently developing Industry 4.0 technologies, including machine learning, deep learning and artificial intelligence. On the other hand, companies and enterprises operating in the SME sector, including above all micro-enterprises and start-ups, have much more limited financial possibilities to finance the creation of research and development departments within their organisations, where new technologies, innovations and technological standards would be created. Of course, SME companies are also interested in incorporating new technological solutions and innovations into their businesses. However, the new technologies that they implement are not mainly the result of their research activities, but are bought and then implemented as ready-made solutions, already proven technologies or patents applied in other companies. However, some technological solutions for new technologies and/or specific applied and open-access technological solutions for information Internet services are also available for use by companies and enterprises operating in the SME sector already in the early stages of business development and with relatively small financial investments. For example, these are the Internet-accessible new online media, social media and online information services offered by large Internet-based technology companies, which have created specific standards in the implementation of certain Industry 4.0 technologies and have established a strong position in the market for certain online information and other services. Consequently, the currently rapidly developing artificial intelligence technology, including specific solutions of it made available on the Internet such as ChatGPT, can be used in specific business development support applications by various types of business entities, including companies and enterprises in the SME sector. For example, ChatGPT can be used in carrying out market and other analyses that are helpful in managing a business entity also operating in the SME sector. However, the applicability of both this kind of shared technological tool, a kind of language model of generative artificial intelligence made available on the Internet under an open access formula, and other technological solutions of artificial intelligence, which will probably soon be offered by the technology companies creating them, is much greater.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
What are the applications of ChatGPT in the business of companies and enterprises operating in the SME sector?
Can ChatGPT be used in conducting market and other analyses that are helpful in managing a business entity?
What could be other applications of generative artificial intelligence, the ChatGPT language model or other similar artificial intelligence technologies in the business of companies and enterprises operating in the SME sector?
What is your opinion on this topic?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please answer,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Recently, there are many applications, plug-ins based on ChatGPT, which are dedicated to specific business applications in business entities.
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Can green computing save energy and how does green marketing affect sustainable business development?
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Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer. Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer.From PCs, power systems, HVAC and lighting systems, right through to your climate control unit, everything required energy to function. Green computing can make a huge difference when it comes to saving money on electricity and reducing energy consumption. A green cloud is an approach to cloud computing that aims to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact when deploying digital devices and systems. Cloud services are inherently more sustainable than on-premises IT infrastructure. It represents those renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the greatest environmental benefit. Within the U.S. voluntary market, green power is defined as electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, eligible biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources. As a source of energy, green energy often comes from renewable energy technologies such as solar energy, wind power, geothermal energy, biomass and hydroelectric power. Reducing energy consumption at home and in the workplace decreases the cost of the electric bill each month, but it also reduces air and water pollution, as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Energy efficiency improvements are a key part of emissions reductions strategies. Green marketing helps companies adopt more sustainable business practices as it helps promote the environmental benefits of their products and services. Furthermore, green marketing can raise awareness among consumers about the importance of sustainability and the environmental impact of their purchasing decisions.
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Hey everyone,
for my master thesis I am searching for contemporary Research Questions adressing sustainable design of companies and or municipalities.
Also I am searching for a supervisor with experience in this field, interested to accompany on this journey.
I am a frelance educator, currently teaching permaculture design and Social-Ecological Systems in an adult education centre in Northern Germany. I also do a master degree in Global Change Geography, have a background in anthropology. In another study programme I studied Design for Sustainability, applying Whole-Systems Design in creating community projects using holistic design tools (such as permaculture design, ecovillage design).
Below my idea and thought.
Happy to hear any suggestions, feedback.
One question that interests me is: 'Ecology in decision making: A cultural-ecology perspective in e.g.
* small and medium-sized companies in Germany/Switzerland
* municipal politicians
What is the level of understanding on ecology and ecosystem services (regulating, supporting) in municipal decision makers / small and medium-sized company leaders and to what extend do environmental aspects of regeneration and sustainability influence their decisions?
Problem:
Decision makers are mainly grounded in law and economics. This one-sided education does not meet the necessary skills decision makers need, in times of ecological collapse and climate change. To properly address the environmental challenges (e.g. the planetary boundaries framework) more decision makers need a certain basic understanding of ecological processes and systems thinking, in order to a) better understand the complex ecological processes in landscapes and how human structures interfere with the health of ecosystems, and b) understand the far reching consequences of the interdependencies of the extractive economy and unsustainable development of munipalities on environmental processes.
Decisions that support a growth-economy and those continuing with the fragmentation of landscapes - as is the case of the federal road through the landscape reserve in the south of Hannover - show that local decisions are not made based on the scientific understanding of the severeness of a threatened biosphere integrity and its implications on climate change, water safety and other planetary boundaries.
It is known that, in terms of landscape and urban development, our society needs to make certain changes (e.g. green infrastructure, reduced fragmentation, soil protection and regeneration, protection of forests, etc.) in order to protect the biosphere integrity, which - according to Stefan et al. (2015) - is the foundation of all other 8 Planetary boundaries including climate change, and is highly at risk of collapse.
Potential approach
Through a questionnaire with decision makers, their understanding of regulating and supporting ecosystem services and systems thinking capacity will be acquired and one scenario concerning decisions of ecological importance will be played through.
Part of the participants will join a workshop communicating basic understandings of PBs and ecological design practices before going through a second scenario a few weeks after the education intervention.
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I wish that there can be a business development for ecological purposes. Yes, this concept can definitely be used to make money as they are already doing in most of the places. For example, in the name of enjoying sporting, ecological and scenic purposes they started mountaineering expeditions to Mount Everest. What do we have now? It's all destruction of that pristine environment what is really happening over there, though business is booming. Similarly, private companies are making money from the so-called ecological tours of National Parks in India, however all the real stakeholders of those parks are bearing the brunt of these activities and the wildlife. The only hope in this direction possible is if we take in to consideration the locals of the place and have them along to play a role in it. Otherwise, it will only be either an exercise on paper or decimation of these people's normal life for a business.
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How do the new ICT information technologies and Industry 4.0 contribute to improving the efficiency of the functioning of business entities?
The functioning of which areas of economic activity of companies and enterprises is improved by the implementation of ICT information technologies and/or Industry 4.0?
The pandemic has accelerated the implementation of ICT information technology into business operations and the use of the Internet to promote and sell product and service offerings. The SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic indirectly accelerated the development of ICT information technology applications in various aspects of business. During the pandemic, lockdowns were introduced on selected, mainly service sectors of the economy. As part of anti-pandemic security instruments, citizens infected with the coronavirus had to stay at home in quarantine for several to several days. As a result, quarantined consumers started ordering and buying products and services more via the Internet. On the other hand, companies under lockdown were able to conduct their business via the Internet. Consequently, many companies and businesses during the pandemic increased their use of the Internet for their business operations. Many businesses have increased the scale of sales of products and services offered to customers via the Internet. Many companies during the pandemic built or developed their online sales platforms. The scale of turnover carried out through the Internet in many companies and enterprises has even increased several times. As a result, the scale of e-commerce increased. The turnover of courier companies increased. E-logistics has developed. The use of ICT information technology and Industry 4.0 in various aspects of business has increased. When placing orders via the Internet and making purchases of products and services, citizens, including consumers and entrepreneurs, increasingly made payments for ordered products, services, semi-finished products, components, raw materials, etc. via the Internet. The development of online payments and settlements has resulted in the acceleration of the development of e-banking, especially online and mobile banking. In enterprises, computerized systems are being developed to support management processes, decision-making processes. The improvement of computerized enterprise management systems is currently being carried out by increasing the scale of use of Internet technologies and Industry 4.0. Examples are investments in computerized management and decision-making process support systems, in which so-called digital twins of economic, business processes and/or specific spheres of conducted production, service, trade, etc. are built. During the pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (Covid-19), the scale of investment by companies and enterprises in the development of computerized decision-making systems, in which the aforementioned digital twins and other innovations of Industry 4.0 technology are used, increased significantly. The development of information processing technologies in the era of the current technological revolution termed Industry 4.0 is determined by the development and growth of applications of ICT information technologies, Internet technologies and advanced data processing. The technological revolution currently taking place, referred to as Industry 4. 0 is determined by the development and implementation into economic processes of the following technologies: analytical and database technologies Big Data Analytics, Data Science, cloud computing, machine learning, personal and industrial Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, Business Intelligence, autonomous robots, horizontal and vertical data system integration, multi-criteria simulation models, digital twins, additive manufacturing, Blockchain, smart technologies, cyber security instruments, Virtual and Augmented Reality, and other advanced data processing technologies Data Mining. Thanks to the application of new Industry 4.0 technologies, computerized multi-criteria simulation models known as digital twins are now being created in many companies, enterprises and financial institutions. Building digital twins of entire processes of production, service provision, procurement logistics, manufacturing and distribution in information systems, the company obtains an excellent tool to support the process of managing the organization. Also, business analytics combined with Big Data Analytics technology supports the management process of an enterprise, company, financial institution or other type of business entity. With these solutions, it is also possible to create simulation models of the future development of complex, multi-faceted economic, social, financial, pandemic, natural, climatic, etc. processes. With the help of Big Data Analytics, many companies are already carrying out market research based on the analysis of Internet users' sentiment regarding changes in trends in the evaluation of the quality of product and service offerings, company reputation, logos, corporate branding, etc. The applications of Big Data technology in this area, including computerized market research, analysis of Internet user sentiment, in supporting business management processes, I have described in my publications posted on my profile of this Research Gate portal.
In view of the above, I address the following questions to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
How do new ICT information technologies and Industry 4.0 contribute to improving the efficiency of business entities?
The functioning of which areas of economic activity of companies and enterprises is improved through the implementation of ICT information technologies and/or Industry 4.0?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Nice topic, but it needs more depth, So Information, and communication technologies (ICT) and Industry 4.0 can improve the efficiency of business operations in several ways. These technologies can facilitate the automation of certain processes, such as data analysis and management, and can also enable real-time monitoring and control of business operations. They can also help businesses to improve their communication and collaboration with employees, partners, and customers.
The implementation of ICT and Industry 4.0 can improve the functioning of various areas of economic activity within a company or enterprise. For example, they can improve the efficiency of manufacturing processes, supply chain management, and customer service. They can also facilitate the development of new products and services and enhance the ability of businesses to gather and analyze data to inform decision-making.
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of ICT and Industry 4.0 in many businesses, as companies have had to find ways to continue operating during lockdowns and other restrictions. This has led to an increase in the use of the internet for business operations, including the use of e-commerce, e-logistics, and online payments. The pandemic has also led to an increase in investment in computerized management and decision-making systems, including the use of digital twins and other Industry 4.0 technologies.
The implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) and Industry 4.0 can improve the functioning of various areas of economic activity within a company or enterprise. Some examples of areas that may be impacted include:
  1. Manufacturing: ICT and Industry 4.0 technologies can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of manufacturing processes through the use of automation, real-time monitoring, and advanced data analysis.
  2. Supply chain management: These technologies can enable more efficient and responsive supply chain operations, including the tracking and management of inventory and the optimization of logistics.
  3. Customer service: ICT and Industry 4.0 can improve customer service through the use of chatbots, online self-service portals, and other digital tools that enable customers to access information and assistance more easily.
  4. Product development: These technologies can facilitate the development of new products and services, including through the use of advanced data analysis, machine learning, and other tools.
  5. Data analysis and decision-making: ICT and Industry 4.0 can enable businesses to gather, analyze, and make use of data more effectively to inform decision-making processes and strategy development.
  6. Communication and collaboration: These technologies can improve communication and collaboration within a company or enterprise, including through the use of video conferencing, messaging, and project management tools.
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If you were managing a startup fund and had USD 1 billion to invest, what kind of business ventures would you fund?
What kind of startups would you co-found? What types of industries, themes, business development goals would you financially support if you were managing a fund investing in startups?
In which business fields of operating or start-ups would you financially support and develop?
What do you think?
Please reply,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Greetings,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Irrespective of the industry (or sector or theme), investors favor star-ups that :
  • Make clear the passion, commitment, and integrity of the founders;
  • Suggest that the market opportunity being addressed (and so the potential for the company) will grow;
  • Demonstrate a well thought-out business plan and evidence early progress toward its accomplishment;
  • Embody interesting technology or intellectual property;
  • Are appropriately valued, with reasonable terms; and
  • Offer the promise that additional rounds of startup funding can be raised if continuing progress is made.
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Hi there, I hope you're doing well. I assume that there are some tenders that require that the applicants be from the same country of the tender. Is there a way to filter results where only tenders that accept applicants from other countries show up? Please note that our field is e-learning (specifically education enabling by providing content digitization and a technological platform (LMS) in partnership with content creators & sellers).
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Haseeb Javed
by remote I mean, that you don't have to be in the country itself
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Currently I am working on Social Capital research to see the "effect of social networking on business development" I chosen the Structural Effect Modeling using Amos or Lisrel . Can I find some one who had experience on in using these software?
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What are the variables you have chosen can you give us some idea, are these qualitative ?
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How the tourism industry could effectively manage technology and Innovation in order to develop sustainable business during the Covid-19 pandemic in Qatar.
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Does the emergence of new technologies create new market niches for the development of innovative startups?
The development of new technologies creating market niches for the development of innovative startups
Currently, businesses and startups are being developed in many innovative, technological fields of business. Many of these rapidly developing ventures base their business development on new technologies, product, technological, process innovations, management, etc. Many startups develop their business projects trying to diagnose and use new market niches that also appear in connection with the development of new technologies, in including information technology, internet etc.
(The continuation of these considerations can be found in the comments below).
Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.
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The development of ICT, Internet and Industry 4.0 information technologies as well as telecommunications technologies, the Internet of Things, devices such as smartphones, etc. cause that new market niches are constantly being created for specific, new information services available to citizens on smartphones.
Regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Dear friends,Thank you for the messages received! But, I sign my works with Voicu Alexandru Virgil or Voicu.A.V. ...
Professor (av.) Alexandru-Virgil VOICU
Mobile: +40 745 502 635; +972 58 601 4037; +373 610 36 072
B.A. in Physical Education in Sport/Emeritus Coach of Romania in Weightlifting
B.A. in Law/ Ph.D. in Civil Law
Doctoral supervisor in Law & Physical education and sports
Master degree in Business Development
Honorary Member of the Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee
Honorary Vice-President of the International Association of Sport Law
Correspondence Address: 49 Suceava Str, Cluj-Napoca, 400219, Romania
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Dear participants in Research Gate. I receive research results that do not fall within the scope of my specializations. I am a Professor of Law and Physical Education and Sports as well ... I collaborate with Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca and the National Academy of Physical Education and Sports Bucharest (both in Romania) and lead doctoral theses at Constantin Stere University in Chisinau - in the specialty of law (Republic of Moldova).
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I would like to compile a list of firms, with well documented corporate foresight practices/systems. I will add the ones I am aware off.
Thank you for sharing the ones you know!
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Corporate Governance in SMEs
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As a board member, angel investor and venture builder myself, I can attest that the answer is yes. Empirically speaking, ownership and board composition can effectively lead to internationalization. I have seen it and done it over the last years, including 1 exit last week in which the startup was launch already internationally and by successfully growing sales in different markets, reached a point in which it was acquired by a larger company.
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Hi, I am looking for research topic (ideas) and current research trends on international business management. It will be good to have what will be future research scope on International Business Management. I am particularly interested in these ( Risk analysis, operation, project management, strategy, digital marketing, leading people ) research. But these are not limiting factor, please leave your comment, I will surely look into it. Looking forward to your answers. Regards
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M M Zaman Tanim Institutional Process Improvement and Implementation
It is now seen that traditional project management from the pre-World War II is on the shelf in modern times. Many practitioners oppose the fact that there is a planning element in the projects and that it is desired to know everything from the beginning. Thousands of projects carried out in real terms have found that the traditional method works with a flawless linearity and straight logic, and that it is well understood. Many governments and companies have been thinking about improving processes and making them faster and more functional for decades. In this respect, it is inevitable for all kinds of companies to engage in a process improvement and total quality practice in order to meet the increasing needs and demands. It is now impossible for firms that act otherwise to respond to market needs and succeed. Today, many companies have personnel to think about business processes and strive to achieve excellence by improving these processes. Agile project management is an inevitable technique for companies for these reasons.
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Should they be political, economic, technological or others? What could be the most relevant ones? Also, which factors are most attractive for the respective businesses - factors of the Bulgarian business environment attracting BZ businesses and investments and vice versa?
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Jorge Morales Pedraza mentioned almost all of them and you can categorize them as the SSTEP-factors (social, sustainable, technological, economical/financial, political/legal) and make them easy to memorize. And you make a matrix of them by categorizing them further as internal or external factors.
Which of the factors are most important?
For bilateral business activities the regulations though everything will fail.
Which factors are important for doing business between Bulgaria and Brazil?
I would approach the Embassy of the countries, if there are, for information of the Chamber of Commerce of both countries. Or do some research.
Here are some comparative data about both countries:
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I am trying to find / establisch a link between Service Business Development (SBD) and Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (EE).
In my researsch i want to prove that the EE take place under a SBD strategy or following Business Model to develop regions or cities.
i would be more than happy to read your thoughts and ideas.
Thanks !
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The entrepreneurial ecosystem is fundamental or main, to favor business development, much better if considered under a regional development system, applicable to the characteristics of the region in particular.
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How do we see this nexus? How climate change affect business sustainability and safety, and how the policy and governance should look at this?
2. How the Business/development in sectors viz. agriculture, health, urban, infrastructure and industry recognizes these threats and overcome the risk?
3. Do we have case studies, researches and good practices and
4. What role management schools play in addressing these issues?
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I think that there are plenty of dimensions of practical use of both sustainability (sustainable development theory) and public policy nexus. One of them is support of the green jobs - wider about his topic with case studies and examples in my works:
Conference Paper Green jobs
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What are recent research topics that examine the relationship between communication in organizations with business development?
I will prepare to get Phd in communication . My passion for business development and communication , I hope to study in their relationship ..
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Dear Abdulwahed Alzubidi,
First, it depends on a type of organizations you study. For multinational companies please look at a review of the literature in the paper enclosed.
For a more broader view you can consult a chapter on internal communication in a book "Organizational Design" --
Bests,
Igor Gurkov
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For example, if a (public) pension scheme is too complicated or unstable can have negative effects on business environment. Do you know any papers that have studied this topic?
Thanks so much.
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Good day,
Obstacles are presented by policy, specially politically driven discourses. A clear obstacle can be observed when the pension system is dependant on the direct control of political institutions, instead of having an independent public administration entity to manage it. Also, an having a clear (constitutional) mandate to support social programs can help overcome temporary shortfall created by the market.
On the other hand, there is research that supports the need for public pensions schemes, specially an adverse selection effect wishes to be avoided. Also, by diluting the risk by enlarging the pool of participants, a public pension program can be more stable than a private one. Adding to the idea, having a steady stream of income, outside of the market, allows for a more general redistribution of wealth that softens the effects of economic cycles.
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In regards to product development / time to market, back in 1990, Cusumano and Nobeoka stated that “each day of delay for an average automobile has been estimated to cost a firm about $1 million in lost profits”. Does anyone have updated figures? Nowadays, what would be such cost? Thanks in advance for any literature tips.
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Dear Henrique Rocha,
I wonder if the analysis of the financial consequences of these delays in the time of introducing a specific car brand on the market is made in the same way or with a significant differentiation in the production of a car equipped with a classic internal combustion engine and for a car equipped with an electric motor? I invite you to the discussion
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I am designing a new Summer School Course for Bachelor Students and I would like to know the need of customers. Which strategic analysis would be helpful to understand the need of the students?
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I ask the above because needs of students will vary between the subject areas of study, how long they have been studying, etc. and more particularly on their own backgrounds and aspirations.
If you want to use a strategic tool, you may do so. But if you want to sow a flower bulb in your garden, you can use a small hand-held spade, or you can use a large gardener's spade or you can use a mechanical digger. It seems a recourse to a strategic tool sounds much like a mechanical digger.
I would create a small questionnaire and in that I would ask a couple of questions including few questions ( without names) about themselves and then a few along the lines of :
What do you want to achieve with your study?
What kind of work attracts you?
What kind of industry do you want to work in?
What is it that you find difficult in your studies, etc.
In what way can this school help you to achieve success in your studies?
Then, a simple frequency distribution should be more than suffice.
Here are a few ideas to think about:
First , Occam’s razor or the law of parsimony which says the simplest solution tends to be the right one
What about Albert Einstein’s assertion: “The definition of genius is taking the complex and making it simple.”?
Apologies for a long answer...
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I'm studying "digital business management" and looking for a topic for my master thesis in the field of "innovation-marketing" and the effects of it on the success of innovations.
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If innovation is considered a concept, process, practice, and capability—not an event, activity, or even outcome—it will stand to reason that innovation and marketing are (or should be) inseparable. "Because the purpose of business is to create a customer, the business enterprise has two—and only two—basic functions: marketing and innovation. Marketing and innovation produce results; all the rest are costs. Marketing is the distinguishing, unique function of the business." said Peter Drucker. (And yet, surveys of top management often show the priorities to be: finance, sales, production, management, legal, and people, in that order.)
In the private sector, for one, enormous investments are made in new products (but also services, processes, business models, etc.) but there are numerous failures. So, what determines the success of an innovation? With good sense, this query intuits that innovation marketing might be an important explanatory variable; and so, a research question in that field, however formulated, might relate to what specific contribution(s) marketing can make to innovation success. Since such a research question would (in this instance) be addressed in the course of a master's thesis, and it is not likely that a budget would be available, the researcher could identify a company currently working on an innovation, however defined, and offer to help that company conduct a pre-mortem designed to shine light on marketing.
PS: A premortem is the hypothetical opposite of a postmortem: projecting into the future, it investigates what might have gone wrong to generate plausible reasons for failure and embed corrective action before the fact.
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(in combination with new technology)
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Podrias crear un modelo para el reconocimiento y validacion de las startups u otras empresas de base tecnologica.
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I am currently working on my master’s thesis about Sustainable Marketing in Construction Industry, at Istanbul Technical University. My research aims to introduce marketing as a tool for sustainable construction business development for the creation of the sustainable built environment. It should only take 10 minutes to complete. All responses will remain anonymous.
Please find below the link to the survey:
Thanks in advance for your support
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Answered and Sent!
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just as Narasimhan Jegadeesh and Sheridan Titman do in their paper:returns to buying winners and selling losers implications for stock market efficiency 
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I want to establish the relationship between the accident rate m such features as gross domestic product, the auto industry, the number of inhabitants, the density of the road network, etc.
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we all have got great information. Thank you for asking such an interesting question.
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1)_Is there a positive or negative relationship between both.
2)_Will Industry 4.0 will be a massacre of employement in future or it is only exaggeration?
Some elaboration will be helpful and recommendation of good literature will be appreciated .
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Dear Faisal,
you can have a look at www.sme40.eu - it is a EU funded project working on SME 4.0 - Industry 4.0 for SMEs.
Best
Erwin
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We are planning to lunch courses for the business development. And we want to get access to books or any materials that have business development curriculum.
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I would like to know the factors & challenges that are effect the development of oil & gas business in middle east,
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Hi Mustafa,
The challenges effecting business development strategy in oil & gas sector specially in middle east are plenty. Take for example a simple case. Indis was importing most of its oil from middle east. Now it has started importing considerable amount of oil from USA which is cheaper than middle east.
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Clearly evident is the proliferation of technologies in ensuring business success. However, what is perplexing is the lack of adoption of the technologies in the developing world. As a result the pace of development is so low that there is always reliance on the developed world for value added products.
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Please let me know if the following references/sites are useful to you:
1.  Supply Chain Visibility: A Critical Strategy to Enhance ... - GS1 Global
https://www.gs1.org/docs/visibility/Supply_Chain_Visibility_Aberdeen_Report.pdf Supply Chain Visibility: A Critical Strategy to Optimize Cost and Service. Page 2 ... visibility event accuracy at 30% is the third highest priority). It is not surprising ...
2.  Beyond Supply Chains Empowering Responsible Value Chains - www3 ...
Beyond Supply Chains has developed a decision framework that prioritizes the identified ... Improve supply chain visibility (availability of data & analytics).
3.  Private Sector Role in Health Supply Chains - World Health ...
http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s16323e/s16323e.pdf  Engagement in Developing Country Health Supply Chains ... October 2008. Dalberg Global Development Advisors and the MIT-Zaragoza International ..... chain visibility and oversight, making product integrity and quality harder to ensure. The.
4.  The 10 Keys to Global Logistics Excellence - Supply Chain Digest
http://www.scdigest.com/assets/Reps/SCDigest_Global_Logistics_Excellence.pdf The Global Supply Chain – You Better be Good. Globalization .... level of supply chain visibility they desire, or have the ... not enough time on developing better.
Dennis
Dennis Mazur
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I'm researching for the drivers improve or weaken the performance of the firms bcoz of second generation as the CEO of family firms
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May I recommend you to have a look at the attached articles which I do hope to be helpful for you.
@Christiane Bughin
@Ine Umans
@Mats Westerberg
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I have a problem with my research. my research is talking about organizational commitment, career growth and turnover intention at in either banking industrial. for identifying the division who have high level in turnover intention, i did an early assessment to get the highest turnover intention in specific division with turnover intention scale by Mobley. The problem is, the results is tend to be neutral and i can't to identify a division who have a highest turnover intention. 
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The attached articles by Prof. Mark Saunders and Prof. Yehuda Baruch will be useful for your studies.
Good Luck
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Improving lifelong learning is an important objective as a result of multiple social and economic implications, given the positive influence, among other factors, on the career development and employment, the individual productivity and competitiveness growth of the company.
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Thank you everyone for the interesting opinions and views about lifelong-learning in SMEs, as well as for the very useful links and documents that you have provided (Phil, Arpita, Sarah, Gabriel, Leonidas, Fatima).
Having in mind the complexity of the “lifelong-learning” concept, I appreciate that everyone made an effort to tackle it from their area of expertise and thus highlighted key areas of this field. On the other hand, I have to elevate Mr. Leonidas who was able to basically give a full literature review on “lifelong-learning” and then pin point its application in SME’s by giving some very interesting techniques of analysis, through game theory methods based on the “win-win-win” perspective.
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The OE dimensions are innovation, proactiveness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy. Can some or all of these be used to measure SMEs' survival?
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Dear Francis
SMEs' survival is a performance variable. However, EO is a determinant of performance. So, EO can't be a indicator of performance.
When you talk about EO, you talk about strategic orientation adopted by the CEOs' or Top Managers of SMEs. it's a strategic choice or "intent" to adapt their SMEs to the external environment.
some essential references:
Covin and Slevin (1989)
Wiklund and Shepherd 2005
(Lumpkin and Dess 1996)...
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Corporates, generally, have well defined rules and regulations. They have their infrastructure, plant & machinary etc. which is difficult to dismantle time and again with changes in the environment. In big firms, the Corporate Bureaucracy, which is limiting factor for innovation and which leaves no space for entrepreneurship, is well known. Then why are living with term Corporate Entrepreneurship.
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Hi Amir,
Thanks for nice inputs.
Entrepreneurs (Start-up) don’t work for large companies; they create them. In University campuses, Corporate carrier is considered to be the end of entrepreneurial spirit in the student. How come, then, we think of corporate as entrepreneur. Obviously corporates cannot become entrepreneurs; they are corporates with their systems, processes and bureaucracy.. 
A new construct 'Corporate Entrepreneurship' is in vogue in the entrepreneurship literature.  encompasses a set of activities. Various authors have defined Corporate Entrepreneurship as attitudes, and actions that are believed to help large companies regain some of this lost magic. Some employees work effectively by leveraging the strengths of their organization towards their entrepreneurial endeavors. Most of corporate growth usually comes from such employees of the company being willing to be an entrepreneur (and the company supports the endeavor). Therefore, the form (corporate) only facilitates; It is the employees who show entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviour. Therefore, I consider the term 'Corporate Entrepreneurship' an Oxymoron.
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I was curious as I am interested in the retailing market, specifically Germany and researching in the DC domain and therefore interested in the RBV. Thanks and regards, Gabriel
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In Colombia. It was about small retailers, his Competitiveness, The owners skills and implementation of category management
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Many evidence from the countries of western and central Europe show that the development of SMEs sector and entrepreneurship is a key factor for a successful transformation from command to market based economy in sector in the WBCs.
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I agree with fellow researchers. Definitely countries that are undergoing development rely on SMEs in order to be economically strengthened. However, the presence of large companies shouldn't be brushed aside. Presence of large companies especially MNC indicate that the country is actually worth investing and the economic environment will give ROI. Thus, it should be clearly weighed before one of the organization type is chosen as the pushing factor in transition countries. 
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Do government, environmental agencies across the world have "Agenda of sustainability for SME/small firm/small business or MSMEs" similar to DESD-Decade of education for sustainable development".
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Dear Manvendra:
I have been working with small business and ‘sustainability’ opportunities since 1993. While the core of my research was derived from reading reports on every subject matter from over 40 years of member surveys conducted by the Canadian Federation of Independent Business (CFIB), I have found that the composite knowledge gained from CFIB is applicable to small business around the world.  While there is no consistent definition of small business in the international fora, generally small businesses are those with fewer than 100 employees. There is variance in how information about sustainability needs to be applied due to local, environmental, cultural and regional economic factors. I have worked in over 60 countries on environmental management issues and have had the privilege of meeting small business owners in these countries. I have been witness to the situations in developed country economies, transitional or emerging economies and developing countries.
I have also had the honour of working with organizations like the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) on their Green Productivity strategy and tactics, and supportive products and services. One product in particular has been extremely useful; it’s a little pocket guide that is a companion to their ‘Handbook on Green Productivity’. “Greening on the Go” provides simple explanations to over 80 environmental terms, with insight on how to use the tools or techniques using a simple ‘journalistic six’ approach – what, why, how, where, when and who. I have found it surprising how popular it is, not only with small business, but it has also proven to be a hit with big companies. A renowned environmental lawyer in Canada bought hard copies for all of her clients one year as a part of a ‘thank you gift bag’. APO is long out of its hard copies, but anyone can download a copy off their website. Here is the link: http://www.apo-tokyo.org/publications/ebooks/greening-on-the-go-a-pocket-guide-to-green-productivity-pdf-8mb/
However, at the core, the single most important driver for small business owners that I have talked with is the same. Overwhelmingly, small business owners are motivated to make changes to their business as they believe they can do better. They believe that they can protect the environment and grow their economy at the same time. This fact stands far above any other factor. It has been identified as the consistent primary motivator for small business owners since the first member survey completed by CFIB in 1991. They have conducted three environmental surveys since; the most recent was completed in 2016.
The challenge for small business owners to implement action to marry their belief with action is that they are hampered by a lack of knowledge, not because they are of lower intelligence, but as they have so little time to attend to this while keeping the business alive, hopefully profitable, and preferably prosperous. They have to balance their desire to do better with less, not more with less, against the need to maintain cash flow and be ever mindful of the very tight margins under which they operate. To really help them, governments and policy makers have to shift their thinking to address three questions. These three questions have to be provided in a time constrained period ranging from 30 seconds to 3 minutes. Seriously. The three questions are:
1.      “What’s in it for you?”
2.      “What’s it going to cost you?”
3.      “What is it?”
International agreements and their related programmes and policy development, however well-intentioned, are set by big, formally managed organizations. 95% of businesses in the world operate informally. There is a culture divide that is as deep as the Marianas Trench (off the coast of Japan), or the Grand Canyon in the western US. There is, however, a continuum that small business experts (not environmental experts) seem to agree on, that enables a small business to shift towards more formal management – a conversation for another day.
Words matter when speaking to a small business owner. Sustainability is a ‘policy-wonk’ term that has little meaning to them. In fact there are still far too few people that can really explain what sustainability really means to them and to their business even in big companies and governments. To regurgitate the Bruntland Commission’s one-liner does not demonstrate that they have really thought it through, and comprehend what it means relative to the purpose of their business. After 30 years of the publication of ‘Our Common Future’, that is distressing. 
I have found that using APO’s branded approach, Green Productivity, is a much easier introduction in the time limit I have with small business owners that enables a robust conversation. It is typically followed by action within 24 hours. In Canada, I asked Canadian small business owners to advise me how they wanted to hear about the opportunities to do ‘better with less’. The branding they chose was “Going for the Green”. I wrote a practical guidebook for small business owners in the manufacturing sector, with CFIB and small business owners giving feedback that shaped it. Without any advertising or marketing, in the first month there were 3,000 downloads. By the end of the two years it was posted on the CFIB website, CFIB advised there were 57,000 downloads, and it became the second most popular download. To me it proved the ‘natural’ interest of small business owners. CISCO advised attendees at a conference to download it, stating that it did not matter what sector you were in or where in the world you operated, this was the book of choice.
If you are starting to do research that is intended to help small business, I strongly recommend that you start by asking small business owners what they want and need. Get their help, and then go talk to policy makers and shapers. I think you will find this a far more rewarding and results-oriented process. Good luck!
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What are the limitations of the Resource Based View (RBV) Theory of the firm?
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I agree with Lawrie's view that RBV should be employed as a framework to build upon, for example: 1. What were considered valuable, rare, inimitable and non substitutable, may not always remain so. Have these resources been further developed, or have they been eroded over time? 2. Where do these resources stand in the current/ future business scenario? 3. How has the organisation exploited opportunities using these resources? How have the organisation's capabilities to attract, acquire, use and develop such resources changed over time?
These dynamic elements would have to be woven into the RBV.
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I would like to know if there is any paper which has empirically measured the opportunity exploitation process strategies specifically which mentioned by Shane in his book.  Shane himself mentioned Survival, Growth, Profit, sales, initial public offering as the performance indicators. These measurements have massively used in the literature. I would like to be more specific on the measurements I'm looking for as follows:
1. Organizing (not by opening new venture), can be a dynamic process, mode of organizing, choice of markets etc.
2. Strategies which can be scale, control of resources, legal barriers, reputation, and innovation etc.
 3. Resources acquisitions which can be self-financing, contract structure etc
 All these mentioned by Shane, and are the one I'm interested in using them as my dependent variables. I want to use these on the fact that entrepreneurial ventures are not always making a profit, but their capabilities matter to achieve their venture's growth, sales, and profit.etc.
Suggestions and corrections are also welcomed.
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Hello Frida, Amazon.com sells Shane's book. Here is a breakdown of the offering. Rather expensive, but it is a keepsake.
A General Theory Of Entrepreneurship: The Individual-opportunity Nexus (New Horizons in Entrepreneurship Series)
Jul 4, 2004
by Scott Andrew Shane
Paperback
$ 46 34 $63.00
More Buying Choices
$42.22used & new(30 offers)
Hardcover
$ 104 31 $165.00
Only 1 left in stock - order soon.
More Buying Choices
$44.59used & new(21 offers)
Regards,
Dr. Solis
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How to categorize whether a firm is following X theory or Y approach in their decision making 
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Dear Amita,
You can look at strategic orientation of a firm (see enclosed).
Bests,
Igo
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It is evident from different research that SMEs are also considered for applying sustainability practices. Any composite work (PhD work) available on emerging topic. Kindly help...
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Thanks for the comprehensive answer, Leonidas A. Papakonstantinidis!
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Our control lab is in the process of expansion and we are looking forward to having a 3-axis inertially stabilized platform (ISP) for the purpose of research. I would like to know if there is any good vendor who supplies this on an educational scale. 
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Thank You Sir !!
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Key research questions
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Thanks to all for the great insights. I'm still in the reading phase and your suggestions has given me more perspective. I would really like to contact you all some more to share my progress.
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Should i consolidate financial statements of the both companies into one company? And what model i should use for valuation?
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My problem is how to arrange FCFF, based on the past data of core company, or devide the FCFF on two parts. The company existed for 7 years as one company and then in the 8th year got seperated into two companies. How do arrange FCFF for new two companies that has been created from the mother company?
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Challenges would be from the employer, employees, knowledge, policy, working culture, office environment and stakeholders expectation.
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One of the main challenges in implementing Financial Risk Management in any organization is the resistance of change. Management should explain the need for risk management.
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IPR in MSMEs.
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Online course materials which are protected under IPR have immense scope among the Micro and Small enterprises in Emerging Markets like China and India .Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in the context of ownership of online course materials in particular, the copyright has several facets of ownership including issues related to the faculty owned course material and institute owned course materials .
Just owning the course material in the area of Micro and Small enterprises may not bring in much benefit for the institute and the faculty. Utilization of the networking system can help tremendously in knowledge distribution beyond its boundaries, classrooms, space and time and both can be benefited. Then, who should own these course materials? The faculty who is the creditor of this bundle of knowledge or the institute which has engaged these full time facilities? This topic requires in depth study and research as the recent developments in Internet and communication technology have drastically changed the scenario of education in online context. The total system of information flow has become fuzzy and fluid. Learners are inclined more towards taking up online/distance education courses in higher education rather than classical type of education especially in the area of Micro and Small enterprises .The copyright protection of these courses materials is of major concern today, as both the institute and the faculty face the threat of losing the authority and benefit of owning these materials because of these drastic developments. Hence traditional way of dealing with IPR in the context of online course materials in the area of   Micro and Small enterprises  need be taken into consideration.
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Some business angel networks (BANs) specially in developing countries have very few investments, what are the challenges that they face in increasing their investments? 
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Many times the entrepreneurs have an exaggerated enthusiasm, thinking that they have invented "the wheel". This enthusiasm, usually, is not accompanied with market knowledge and solid competences. If you ally this to "ridiculous and utopian" finantial projections you will see that not many Angels would be willing to invest!
For start-ups, bussiness plans are not very suitable because as I mentioned they are often utopian, I suggest Bussiness Model Canvas. This later model forces the entrepreneur to look to his /her idea in a 360 degrees perspective.
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I need to find TOTAL FINANCIAL ASSETS datas of most important countries for calculate the financialization index (TFA/GDP).
I need hystorical datas (1995-2015)
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Para América Latina, la CEPAL ha publicado reservorios de datos económicos muy amplios. Son de libre acceso.
Para el resto del mundo la OCDE, el FMI y el Banco mundial, hacen lo mismo
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I am carrying a research focusing on analysing the Zimbabwe banking sector. I would like my research to zero on he following parameters - 
-industry growth
-suppy and demand analysis
-capacity utilization
-government policies
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Dear Tawanda,
Innovations are the hottest topic and you can think to include also bank innovations in your research. In attachment you can find a paper that focuses on innovative bank products.
Good luck ;)
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Assuming that high centralised management style in the main small business characteristics, where the owner-managers have full control, authority and power in running the business operation. In particular, I am interested to investigate the level of personal control of owner-manager in hospitality small business and its relationship on employees' work behaviour.
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Delegating in the Workplace, available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266478092_Delegating_in_the_Workplace,  reproduces on page 4 a continuum of delegation that surely lends itself to the questionnaire/scale the question refers to.
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Any one can answer
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What about using ANOVA?
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May you please provide the relevant literature as well.
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As long ago as 1994, the World Bank conducted an in-depth examination of the factors influencing academic staff to leave universities in Africa. It may be worth revisiting (and perhaps updating since 20-odd years have gone by) the analyses, findings, conclusions, and recommendations of Staff Loss and Retention at Selected African Universities: A Synthesis Report, available at http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/217191468145171957/Staff-loss-and-retention-at-selected-African-universities-a-synthesis-report.
PS: To note, the essential factors for improved staff capacity were identified as economic growth and revival, greater autonomy for universities, and the development of diversified sources of funding so as to remove the total dependence of universities on governments for funding. The research environment was deemed vital for viable academic staff recruitment and retention, particularly at the more senior levels, and a number of policy options for the achievement of improved research environments were proposed. Other areas requiring attention for successful staff retention, in addition to salaries, were means to obtain housing and vehicles and urgent improvements in university facilities.
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What are the specific evaluation criteria and Tools when it Comes to Startups as a cooperation Partner?
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I would consider 3 aspects, to start with: 
1) profile of the entrepreneurs - relevant experience, education, enthusiasm, dedication
2) financing and particularly how invested are the owners - that is how much of their own money has funded the startup
3) the business plan
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This research aims to analyze the impact of business counseling to SMEs to improve the business performance in terms of; entrepreneur's administration skills, sales and marketing, human resource competency and efficiency, technology financial capacity, financial recording and profitability. 
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As the primary focus of SMEs is in Skill Development and Employment Generation; the parameters related to these should be measured to calculate the impact. It could include Skills (imparted/developed), Entrepreneurship initiatives and Funds applied/granted from government schemes, variety of product/services offered. It can also include sales turnover, market share and gross margin increase as quantitative assessment is important.
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We note that competition has moved to customer experience,commodification of services and innovation.
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Intuitively, I would suggest that you consider starting with a) what commercial banks' roles in life are; b) how they make their return; and c) how they could lose money.
Commercial banks have a) deposit-taking functions; b) lend the cash from savers to borrowers (i.e. working capital, investments, etc); and c) offer financial intermediation or advisory services.
They make their return by earning a spread between deposit and lending rates, and fees from intermediation or advisory services. They incur costs when undertaking these activities, a sizeable part is labour and operating expenses. In essence, they make a return when revenues (i.e. lending rates and fees) exceed their costs (i.e. deposit rates and expenses).  
Competitiveness in the end is evaluated on the basis of the revenues, which is a function of the mix of services, and operating efficiency, a function of the costs in delivering the services. A bank innovates on the revenue side by offering products that could attract higher revenues through differentiation of performance (i.e. as in portfolio returns or offering better deposit rates). This is balanced against the costs of delivery of the banking services.   
In the end, commercial banks tend to outperform their peers by paying close attention to the deposit - lending spreads, fee revenues and costs, and innovations int he back office.
Trust this would give an intuitive approach as your your starting point. You may then follow this thinking by trying to answer to answer the basic question: How do banks outperform their peers in an essentially commoditised industry. 
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What is the best measure of sturtup success? Profit, ROI, number of employers...? How I can measure improvement in early phase (first 3-4 years) when business starts from zero. (no profit, no invesmtent..)  
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You can measure the impact of strategic planning on success of new ventures by deterring whether the quarterly or annual goals are being accomplished or not. If the goals are not being accomplished, it means strategic planning (goals and strategy) is not helping the new venture succeed. In general, the success of new venture is determined by the growth rate, retention rate (customers).
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Along with economic growth, SMEs play significant role in societal development. Kindly shed some light on the issue with some statistics.
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By taken in mind, that International Entrepreneurship theory explains internationalization of INVs as exploration and exploitation of international business opportunities, I wonder how can I identify and measure on which stage INV is - exploration of opportunities or exploitation of opportunities?
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Dear Rimante
I suggest you to read Zahra and George (2002) who propose the operationalization of the Potential and Realized Absorptive Capacity which allow you to understand the identification and exploitation of information about international markets.
Regards,
Ronald
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firms adopt various steps for expansion, one is merger and acquisition so how to measure merger and acquisition ? or proxy which used for it....?
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thank you sir Arun Aditya Sahay
guide me on proxy used for its measurement which is applicable and relevant.
thanks
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In other words, how the uplift from promotional actions, for example, can be separated from the total sales?
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Aggregate customer satisfaction levels, employee turnover rates, and investments in training and development would be 3 indirect ways to gain some knowledge; direct measures would likely best measured financially.
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I study the strategy of a company, plaing in a market with a lot of newcommers. Is there any accepted methods or approaches to measure competitiveness of a new player in the market? Any related works would be very much appreciated.
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Market share would be a good indicator. Analyze the market share percentages by other players in the market before the entry of the new player then analyze how much the addition of the new player changes the dynamics of ratios of the market shares and how much of the market share the new player grabs.
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i am doing a research on key success factors of crowdfunding campaigns developped on asian platforms .
I am looking for a concize conceptual famework for my reasearch in order to adopt it to the context of the research .
Thanks in advance 
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Hello Dounia,
I am writing a Master Thesis on reward based crowdfunding campaign and you will find attached a table I made grouping many studies identifying success factors.
You should also have a look at: Beaulieu, Sarker, & Sarker (2015) - CAIS - A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Crowdfunding
good luck ! :)
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Kindly help me in listing the sustainable management strategies for small firms in developing economies.
I am listing few. Kindly correct me if i am wrong.
Green innovation (Green product, process, organizational innovation)
Circular economy
Sustainable reporting
ICT
Kindly name the few..
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A small business owner can build on what he starts with. An interesting contemporary perspective for a small business owner is as a co-creator of opportunities, and thus creating value for the business venture. The effectuation theory (S. Sarasvathy) of entrepreneurship is based on this principle: Who-I-am; What-I-know; Whom-I-know.
For a developing economy, as the venture owner creates business value, this circle of "Who-I-am; What-I-know; Whom-I-know" will expand, and contribute to venture performance. 
You could go through the following paper:
Read, S., Song, M. & Smit, W. (2009). A meta-analytic review of effectuation and venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 24, 573-587.
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I need articles to support that 
thank you 
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More two articles to help you.
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We are carrying out a study regarding the economic and financial situation of the oldest family firms in Spain. Generally, the first results show that these firms create value and are able to generate enough money through ordinary activity to pay back their financial debts. But, is it the age of the firm an advantage or a disadvantage when they have to survive in the current changing world?
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Thanks everybody for your interesting comments. A last study using the same sample (the oldest family firms in Spain and their non-family firms counterparts) said to us that firms with a professional CEO obtain better performance than family firms with a family CEO. Then, it seems that professionalism is a key factor when time passes.
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The focus of the question is, analyze the generation of returns from the management approach of internal activities of the micro enterprise.
Medium and large companies have clearly defined the value chain, but in the micro business is not clear, however it is considered that if they have.
Micro businesses have different value chains and links that comprise these impact positively or negatively on profitability, the question is; which are the activities of these most common value chains that show that influence.
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Motivação da equipe, qualidade, disciplina e tecnicas de gestão
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I am working on BDSP but I do not find any new reference. all references are about 2000. I am grateful anyone share experiences.
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Hello!
Many new articles on real business issues can be accessed in; Journal of Institute of Management services(UK). just take a look.
Best wishes,
David
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SBIR plays the important role at the aspect of prompt the development of SMEs,what I wonder is the detail number  and the questions about the project.
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Excuse me, Please try the following article attached   
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In market economies, it is generally assumed that large businesses are more likely than small businesses to succeed in many categories (banking, commerce, manufacturing, mining, agriculture) because of economies of scale.  Whether that premise is generally true or not, I am interested in any data that shows a hidden bias that promotes a disproportionate rate of survival of large-scale operations.  An example of this would be regulation.  Anecdotal evidence suggests that large businesses actually welcome a heavily regulated market because they able to spread compliance costs over a larger base of revenue than small businesses.  Even if the regulations hurt big businesses, they hurt small ones more, thus helping large business by limiting competition.  In addition to regulatory policy, other areas in which government might tilt the balance toward large business are: 1) government procurement procedures, 2) tax policies, 3) contracting policies, 4) economic development subsidies. 
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Thank you all for your answers, but I am still at a loss.  Despite almost a century in the U.S. of modest efforts to prevent restraint of trade, such as mergers and acquisitions that create excessive market power, few studies have examined the broader range of actions that give big business an unfair advantage over smaller competitors.  If a few companies come to dominate a market because of economies of scale, that concentration may be inevitable.  But since diseconomies of scale (problems of coordination) ordinarily offset economies of scale, there is no reason to assume that concentration should be the normal condition in any industry.   Yet many industrial classifications appear to have significant barriers to entry and/or survival.
I discovered that the Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs of the European Commission monitors the effects of regulatory compliance and tax compliance on SMEs, but I could not find anything on their website about differential effects.  In the United States, the Office of Advocacy of the Small Business Administration also investigates compliance costs, but not on a differential basis.  The problem may simply be the lack of any methodology capable of answering the question.  I read somewhere that the European Union is committed to making the economic environment either neutral or favorable to small businesses.  But wishing to do so or claiming to do so are not the same as accomplishing a goal.   
Susan E. Dudley, former administrator of the Office of Information & Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget (United States) , in a co-authored book, Regulation: A Primer (https://regulatorystudies.columbian.gwu.edu/sites/regulatorystudies.columbian.gwu.edu/files/downloads/RegulatoryPrimer_DudleyBrito.pdf), points out that large companies routinely lobby for regulations that raise barriers to entry to potential competitors.  As an advocate of the “public choice” school of thought, she seems to believe that all regulation is introduced with this purpose in mind.  For example, she points out that the primary financial backers of campaigns to raise the minimum wage are large retailers who expect that legislation to put less heavily capitalized competitors out of business.  That seems plausible on its face, and it provides a good starting point for further research.  A minimum wage law is a perfect example of a seemingly neutral law that has differential effects.  The cost of compliance with the law does not show up in any normal study of regulatory compliance costs because the effect is indirect, as are all taxes that fall primarily on labor.  I suspect that the VAT and general sales tax have a differential effect on small business that is similar to the effect of minimum wage laws. 
Looking at the academic literature on small business, it seems that the most closely related question that has been studied extensively is Gibrat’s Law, which posits that the size and growth rate of a firm are not correlated.  The empirical evidence is not consistent, but it seems that generally the growth rate of small business is greater than for big business.  This has some relevance, but it does not address barriers to entry and the problems faced by potential firms.  In addition, most studies ignore external conditions, including government policies.  What concerns me most, however, is that the question of differential effects of policy may not be testable with econometric techniques, since policy is generally a constant, not a variable.  If a relationship is “unreal” or at least unproven unless it is statistically verified, there may be numerous important relationships that will remain forever invisible.  Meanwhile, society will suffer for lack of knowledge about what makes fair competition possible.
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For US data , it is available in CRSP.  For non USA data it is not available.  I need to calculate both Value & Equal Weighted Returns for EU based firms and it is not available in Compustat Global.  CRSP is geared towards US firms.  What would be a formula or could you guide me to a paper that has the details?
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 Ibrahim, many thanks for your response.  I am looking specifically at firm returns based on stock valuation.  I was able to find a formula in Compustat Global which I believe will do the trick.  See below:
Computing Returns – from Compustat Global
Daily total return can be calculated using PRCCD (daily price), AJEXDI (daily adjustment factor) from the sec_dprc table and TRFD (daily total return factor) from the sec_dtrt table for international companies.
TRFD includes Cash Equivalent Distributions along with reinvestment of dividends and the compounding effect of dividends paid on reinvested dividends so if you are looking for a price only return, do not use the total return factor. The calculation below can be used as a guideline to calculate return over any time period but confirm the results are within your expectations. 
((prccd/ ajexdi )* trfd )[ current ] /( prccd/ ajexdi )* trfd ))[ prior time period ]-1)*100)
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How can service-oriented organizations use brand strategy for survival in distressed economies?