Bulgaria - Science topic

Mixed mountain forests consisting of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) are among the most productive and stable forest ecosystems in Europe. Their southeasternmost geographical distribution range is located in the Western Rhodopes, where they have high economic, recreatio...

Amara (Percosia) equestris pastica Dejean, 1831 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is a rare beetle found through the dry steppes of Southeastern Europe. This study represents a confirmation of this steppe ground beetle in Bulgaria. The subspecies has been initially reported in 1899 (as a distinct species), but it was subsequently excluded from the Bulgarian...

The efficiency and full utilization of natural resources, including natural grass associations, is essential for the development of plant and animal production. In the present study, an assessment was made of the productivity, stability and botanical composition of 8 natural swards in the region of Central Northern Bulgaria with a view to their eff...

The Arenosols of Western Rhodopes Mountain are spread on soft, unconsolidated Neogene and Quaternary modern sediments with a sandy texture and weak structure. New research on their genesis, properties, diagnosis, and classification were made on their major diagnostic features. Arenosols profile is typical A-AC-C type with low humus content and rela...

The presented study describes some morphological and anatomical features of collected specimens of Sisyrinchium rosulatum E.P.Bicknell, from the first reported locality in Bulgaria. The isolated DNA sequences from the nuclear ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region and the chloroplast rpoC1 gene proved the recognition of S. rosulatum and excluded the previously...

In 2021 in northwestern Bulgaria, on the territory of State Forestry "Midzhur", West Stara Planina Mtn, we analysed the temporal and spatial activity of the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in an area with scarce other large ungulates. In the locations where both wolf and roe deer were recorded a significant (75%) temporal overlap between the two spe...

Bulgaria is a country with an open economy. With the acceptance of the country as a member of the EU, the country automatically acquired the status of a member of the customs union. The advantages of being included in a community with uniform treatment of flows of goods for import and export had a favorable impact on Bulgarian business and allowed...

This scientific report examines the significance of preparing prospective educators for effective history and heritage instruction. The study delves into methods and strategies employed to equip students in the field of education with the skills necessary to deliver high-quality history lessons while nurturing a deep respect and understanding of hi...

Introduction and Methods. The aim of this study was to perform real-time monitoring of the interest on the Internet in topics related to "food security," "poisoned grain," and "pesticides" in central-eastern (CE) Europe (mainly Poland) in April 2023, with a focus on crisis management in context of food and information security. The article explores...

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised people. The widespread use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) for the treatment and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections (including PCP) has led to an increased selection of TMP-SMZ-resistant microorganisms. Sulfa/sulfone resista...

A popular-science review of 2010 on the fossil and subfossil finds of birds from Neogene and Quaternary avian localities in Bulgaria

Background Health status, type of contract, education and age might affect labour force participation (LFP). We investigated possible factors associated with LFP among European countries. Methods European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data of 149,798 individuals were used and the odds ratios were calculated in logistic...

Messor is a diverse genus of Myrmicinae with 168 extant species and subspecies. In the Mediterranean, some of its taxa historically were classified as members of the Messor instabilis group (sensu Santschi), of which 19 are known from the eastern Mediterranean. Here, the Messor semirufus complex of the Balkan Peninsula that assembles a distinct sub...

This study examines indices of sustainable rural development in Bulgaria, Germany, Poland, Romania and the Netherlands. The European Union has consistently supported its policy on sustainable rural development and allocated budgetary funds to provide financial assistance. The energy crisis that followed the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine conflict p...

University students face test anxiety regardless of their country of origin. Therefore, it is necessary to use psychometric measures with identified factor structures. The Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale (CTAS) has been used in different countries to measure the cognitive aspect of test anxiety. Although the CTAS has been used widely, its factor struc...

Allium sect. Codonoprasum represents an evolutionarily young and rapidly radiating group of bulbous geophytes, with a significant proportion of polyploids and minor morphological differences between species. In the last 20 years, dozens of new species have been described from the Mediterranean. However, very little new information has been obtained...

The article presents the possibility of significantly increasing the quality of the learning process by using innovative tools in the students' curriculum. Modern technologies have the potential to help create quality lasting knowledge in learners. An entrance test was made to establish the knowledge the students had before the training. The group...

This article presents a developed and functioning Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) for the warehouse logistics management, designed for the needs of small and medium-sized companies in Bulgaria. The current ERP system aims to satisfy the needs of a specific transport company – to track and manage the main activities. The main thesis of the presen...

Climate change as a challenge we all are facing, varying degree of economic development as a result of COVID-19, the volatility in energy prices and political as well as other factors, most countries have restructured their electricity markets in order to facilitate the use of green renewable energy. The right energy mix in a period of energy trans...

Sultan Abdülhamid II is one of the most controversial sultans in Ottoman history. The period, ideas and life of Abdulhamid II, who was called the great sultan by some circles and the red sultan by others, has been a subject of curiosity until today. In this respect, various news about the sultan were reported in the newspapers of the period in whic...

Evaluation of rational drug utilization (RDU) through WHO indicators is used to provide information about the level of development of national policy and to identify the necessity of further regulatory, patients or healthcare professionals -centered measures. The current study aims to investigatethe patients’ perspective about medicines utilization...

In the present study an overview of the water consumption in Bulgaria is presented for the period 2010-2020, with a focus on the structure of water consumption by economic sector. The main trends regarding water supply and water consumption in the country have been identified. During the 10-year period, the level of total annual water abstraction s...

The geographical, geomorphological, and climatic characteristics of Bulgaria are particularly favorable for animal breeding and, above all, for pastoral farming and sheep breeding. These conditions created prerequisites for the creation of about 30 unique local breeds of sheep. In this study we investigated the genetic diversity of eight of the mos...

All strategic documents related to the development of agriculture and its sustainable management in Bulgaria focus on the primary role of the human factor, with priorities aimed at stimulating generational renewal and transferring of experience and skills, leading to the success of agricultural holdings. However, the trend related to the advanced a...

This study seeks to shed light on the changes currently occurring in Greece, Cyprus and Bulgaria on the energy transition process by examining the relevant consequences for power plant workers in the green energy market. The main aim of this paper is to explore the impacts of the implemented policies on the labour force of electricity generation st...

This study explores the forced migration of residents from Kherson during the initial months of the Russo-Ukrainian war (February-April 2022). In the broader context of a significant war-induced displacement in Ukraine, the research draws upon official data, media sources, and a comprehensive sociological survey. The survey gathered responses from...

In the present study, an elemental analysis was performed on dried Usnea barbata lichen to verify its safety for human use as a medicinal plant. U. barbata was harvested from a coniferous forest (47°28′ N, 25°12′ E, and 900 m altitude) belonging to the highest Romanian volcanic mountains (Calimani mountains). Coniferous forest soil is adjacent to t...

The purpose of the article is to research the impact of innovativeness and innovation culture as premises for effective gamification at destination level. The main hypothesis defended is that innovation culture and gamification can be powerful tools for tourism destination management. By creating a culture that supports innovation and implementing...

The analysis of the present study on the effects of the fiscal policy response of Bulgaria to the COVID-19 outbreak illustrates that the European Union (EU) additional fiscal rules introduced after the 2008 global economic and financial crisis help build buffers for the period of a new sudden macroeconomic shock. The new legislative initiatives to...

We present an experiment to evaluate the impact of providing digital access to food information via QR codes. We measure consumers’ willingness to access digital food information by scanning QR codes on paper labels, and how this affects their knowledge about food products. The experiment was conducted online with 3420 participants from three Membe...

Breeding of chickens is divided in two categories: meat production with focus on the males, and egg production-targeting the females. Culling of male layer-type chickens is a long-standing practice but is now ban some European countries. The dual-purpose cocks (based on Bresse Gauloise) are potential solution to the problem with banned culling prac...

Pulmonary sarcoidosis is a complex inflammatory disease characterized by granulomas in the lung tissue, leading to breathing difficulties and chest pain. Its etiology remains not fully understood, with factors such as allergies, autoimmune responses and genetics playing a role. This study explores the potential of blood microbiome dysbiosis, define...

In 2020, two braconid species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were found as parasitoids of bark beetles in Pinus sylvestris plantations in Ihtimanska Sredna Gora Mt. Coeloides bostrichorum Giraud was reared from stem samples attacked by Tomicus piniperda and Tomicus minor in the region of Krushovitsa vill. (State Forestry Enterprise Elin Pelin), and Dend...

Due to the environmental policy adopted by the European Union (EU), EU countries are obliged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They reduce emissions largely through the energy transformation and switching to renewable energy sources (RES). Therefore, it is important to assess the progress of the energy transformation of individual EU countries. T...

Abstract: Assessment of the consequences and the degree of disturbances after a wildfire was conducted using Disturbance Index (DI). The study area is located in the Middle Rhodopes, near the village of Hvoyna (Smolyan region), Bulgaria, where on 28/08/2023 a forest fire broke out. Multispectral satellite imageries from Sentinel 2-before and after...

Monitoring of the post-fire forest recovery was carried out using the tasseled cap derived index – Direction Angle. The study area is located in the Northeastern Rhodopes, near the village of Chernyovtsi (Kardzhali region), Bulgaria, where a wildfire broke out in 2012. A 10-year monitoring of post-fire forest recovery was carried out (2012–2022). K...

Our study investigates the economic growth and catch-up of the NUTS3 regions of 6 Central and Eastern European (CEE) member states of the European Union (EU), 4 countries acceding in 2004 (Czechia, Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia) and further two admitted in 2007 (Bulgaria and Romania), compared to the average of 14 older members of the EU between 20...

Data on the diet of Testudo hermanni and T. graeca have been published in Bulgaria for more than a century. Yet, few studies have provided more details on the feeding habits of the two species. Here, we present information about their diet in south-western Bulgaria where they coexist. The results showed that T. graeca fed exclusively on plants, whe...

ProKARSTerra-Edu is a specialized educational strategy, developed by the Experimental Laboratory of Karstology at NIGGG-BAS in international cooperation. Through innovative educational forms, it aims to provide the necessary minimum of knowledge, skills and competencies for karst and create the conditions for training specialists with key skills in...

Eight new localities of Agapanthia maculicornis maculicornis (Gyllenhal, 1817) (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) in SE Bulgaria are reported. The species is rather common in xerothermic herbaceous communities, being most often found on plants from the tribe Cichorieae (Asteraceae: Cichorioideae). Photographs of the species from Bulgaria are published for th...

The international experience in the development of the research activity of nurses and midwives is best expressed in the creation of organizational structures and the development of official documents related to the training for this activity and the conduct of scientific research in health care. The development of research capacity and evidence-ba...

This article delves into a prevalent question within the realms of economic history and theory: How were usury and interest perceived? It primarily explores the religious and moral viewpoints concerning lending with interest from the vantage point of Orthodox Christianity – the dominant religious denomination in Ottoman Bulgaria. The article provid...

Masheva, V., Uzundzhalieva, K. & Sabeva, M. (2023). Phenotypic diversity and fruit characterization of eggplant (S. melongena L.) landraces in IPGR, Sadovo genebank. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 29(5), 925-931 Environmental changes, including biodiversity loss, threaten agricultural production. The preservation and study of traditional germplasm collectio...

Here we consider currency reforms, or the compulsory currency exchanges by governments, which were quite common in the first half of the twentieth century. We analyse the effects on inflation of the three currency reforms implemented by the communist regime in Bulgaria after WWII, and of the one that took place during the transition. We provide new...

World War I, also called the Great War, was fought between 1914 and 1918, between the "allied powers" such as France, Russia, the British Empire, Italy after 1915, and the United States of America after 1917, and the "Triple Alliance", headed by German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. This war deeply...

The education system after the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1879 was nationalized and centralized. As a result, the number of literate Bulgarians increased, but the system became detached from the social necessities and began to work in its own favor. At least for the considered period of 1879-1912, no visible positive consequences of the government e...

Aim. The aim of this study is to evaluate treatment retrospectively, response to the therapy and outcomes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and to what extent the European recommendations of LeukemiaNET (ELN) are followed at the Hematology Clinic, University Hospital “St. Georgi”, MU Plovdiv. Methods. All patients with Ph+, BCR-ABL1+...

The philosophy of Johannes Rehmke (1848–1930), also called “Rehmkeanism,” and the intuitivism of Nikolai Lossky (1870–1965) converge on essential doctrinal points. The Bulgarian philosopher Dimitar Mihalchev (1880–1967), who studied under Rehmke in Greifswald, became a promoter of the Rehmkean philosophy in Bulgaria. The points of convergence betwe...

The present study examined the physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of three medicinal plants: thyme (Thymus callieri Borbás ex Velen), cotton thistle (Onopordum acanthium L.), and hawthorn fruit (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) from the Western Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria. The first stage determined the physicochemical characterist...

There has been a significant growth in e-waste worldwide and in European countries the growth rate of e-waste entering the market is higher than the growth rate of recycled waste. This is confirmed by comparing the CAGR figures of 6.85% and 5.7% respectively. The study confirms a strong negative correlation between CO2 per capita and e-waste volume...

This article focuses on certain demographic processes in Bulgaria during the Covid-19 pandemic in the period 2019-2021. Emphasis is placed on the mechanical migration on various routes. The unexpected intensive flow since the beginning of 2022, as a result of the military actions in Ukraine, which has also impacted a large part of European countrie...

One of the key elements of modern tourism is the alternative forms it offers. Festivals and festival tourism arouse great interest among many tourists, and as a result of their implementation, an increase in tourist traffic levels is reported. As part of the main tourism assets for a region, festivals are gaining momentum and have a significant imp...

The Covid-19 pandemic provoked critical changes to welfare in Europe, requiring the dematerialisation of programmes and services while relying mainly on remote support. This study aims to present insights into how European public employment services have coped and adapted to the pandemic challenges, particularly regarding the digitalisation and del...

We present an extensive recent multi-band optical photometric observations of the blazar S5 0716+714 carried out over 53 nights with two telescopes in India, two in Bulgaria, one in Serbia, and one in Egypt during 2019 November – 2022 December. We collected 1401, 689, 14726, and 165 photometric image frames in B, V, R, and I bands, respectively. We...

The Moesian Platform represents a major tectonic unit of the foreland of the Carpathians and Balkans, spanning across the southern part of Romania and the northern part of Bulgaria. Although the Moesian Platform is considered to be a stable tectonic unit, it has played a significant role in the geological history of the region, influencing the deve...

Recent excavations at Hrisosotira, on the western Black Sea coast, have yielded an abundance of archaeological material dating from late antiquity. The most spectacular find is a closed complex labelled Building 18, where three coin hoards have been found, one gold and two copper, as well as a rich inventory including scales, weights, a bronze lamp...

Резюме: В доклада е изследвана динамиката на показателите, характеризиращи разходите за опазване и възстановяване на околната среда и е оценен постигнатият напредък от България. Анализирана е динамиката на ключови показатели за разходите за опазване и възстановяване на околната среда – общо разходи за услуги, свързани с околната среда, общо разходи...

The report analyses change in the cost of land rent on farms. It analyses the impact of rent expenditure on farm financial performance by farm type and regionally. It is argued that rising rent costs have a negative impact on the financial performance of farms and put pressure on their efficiency. This is more pronounced in areas specializing in in...

There is also a growing body of literature on the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth, but many of these studies need to include the import variable. This study examines the state of trade in goods between Bulgaria and the world for 2018-2022 and investigates the cointegration between both export/import and economic growth of Bul...

The excavations were carried out in advance of the construction of “Gas Interconnector Greece –Bulgaria” and took place in 2018-2019. The publication aims to present completely and in detail the site and the archaeological features, together with their movable material: ceramics and finds. An attempt has been made to reconstruct the paleogeographic...

The F-POD, an echolocation-click logging device, is commonly used for passive acoustic monitoring of cetaceans. This paper presents the first assessment of the error-rate of fully automated analysis by this system, a description of the F-POD hardware, and a description of the KERNO-F v1.0 classifier which identifies click trains. Since 2020, twenty...

The scientific article describes the positive for­eign experience in managing the free legal aid system in such countries as the Republic of Po­land, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Estonia, and the Republic of Bulgaria for further application and implementation of its elements in reforming the system of free legal aid manage­ment in Ukr...

This report analyses the risks entailed by the misuse of fiscal transfers from central to local governments in nine SEE countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia). Such transfers are typically a tool of equalisation policies seeking to offset disparities in the economic...

Presentation for a report on the topic “Digitalization of cultural and historical heritage - is the initiative useful or is the need real?” - Conference "Libraries - Reading - Communication" - Bulgaria, Veliko Tarnovo, November 16-17, 2023 / Презентация на доклад на тема "Дигитализацията на културно-историческото наследство – полезна инициатива или...

The reconfiguration of fire and rescue services is the focus of this research. The main purpose is to propose an alternative organizational model for better dealing with post-flashover building fires. The primary source of empirical information is a survey involving 267 managers from the Bulgarian fire and rescue services to gather insights. The re...

A popular-science overview of the past distribution in Bulgaria of the extinct wild European ass Equus hydruntinus (Equus hemionus hydruntinus) based on the archaeozoological studies in the country.

This publication comprises some results from Dragon-5 project "ID.57160: Monitoring Water Productivity In Crop Production Areas From Food Security Perspectives". Accurately measuring the amount of water (e.g., evapotranspiration-ET) and energy (e.g., of latent and sensible heat) that are exchanged at the Earth's surface is crucial for various appli...

A thorough and in-depth review of the situation of viticulture in the period 2000-2020 is presented in this paper. Numerical data on the main indicators during the period under review are presented and they illustrate the negative trends in the development of the sector. Values of correlation and determination coefficients were calculated and relat...

Statement of the problem. The creative activity by Florent Schmitt (1870–1958) took place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when such stars of French music as C. Debussy, M. Ravel, and later the composers of the French “Six” group shone brightly. Therefore, Schmitt’s work remained in their shadow – among the performers of his pi...

Higher School of Security and Economics – Plovdiv, Bulgaria Center for Leadership and Public Policy at HSSE ; Scientific and Applied Round Table, May 19, 2023 Abstract: In recent years, the role of leadership has greatly expanded its importance for the development of both organizations and individuals within them. The role of leadership character...

Bulgaria's sports

This report examines Bulgaria's progressing demographic collapse and its implications for Bulgarian defence and security, focusing on the need to introduce a proactive immigration policy. (in Bulgarian and English)

The relevance of the development is determined by the possibility of testing a complex analytical methodology for forecasting the daily volatility of Bulgarian investment funds, which will support the investment community in making adequate investment decisions. The used risk attribution quantification models GARCH (1.1), EGARCH (1.1), GARCH-M (1.1...

The object of the study is the Eastern part of the Western Fore-Balkan (Northwestern Bulgaria). In previous gas chromatography (GC) studies abnormalities in the content of C2-C5 alkanes in the surface layers of soils were found. In the present study, GC methods were combined with microbiological analyses of ten sample points. Both, GC and microbiol...

The lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), which mostly affects ruminants and causes huge-economic loss, was endemic in Africa, caused outbreaks in the Middle East, and was recently detected in Russia, Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, and India. However, the role of evolutionary drivers such as codon selection, nega...

Mountain running is a sport which consist of running over the different terrains with a lot of landscapes. Racing terrains are well marked with specific marks like strips and signboardings. Mountain running has grown in popularity last years. It is of a particular importance that the athletes are tough and fit in order to be able to pass through th...

PURPOSE: The presented article aims to determine the main demographic and professional indicators related to the activities of medical assistants working in emergency medical care in the Republic of Bulgaria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this regard, scientific developments, reports and publications of researchers and experts in this field were studied...

Transovarial transmission is the most reliable way of passing on essential nutrient- providing endosymbionts from mothers to offspring. However, not all endosymbiotic microbes follow the complex path through the female host tissues to oocytes on their own. Here we demonstrate an unusual transmission strategy adapted by one of the endosymbionts of t...

The process of deepening the economic integration of European economies reached its peak with the formation of a supranational entity for conducting monetary policy. However, the high degree of financial integration of the market also implied the vulnerability of the economic union in terms of prompt reaction to external shocks with divergent effec...

The territory of Bulgaria is relatively small, but includes different tectonic units. This makes it very difficult to study the structure of the earth's crust and the upper mantle beneath its territory. The region of Vitosha Mountain and Sredna Gora Mountain is one of these small tectonic units developed as an island arc through the Late Cretaceous...

The relevance of the work is connected with the status of barite as a critical mineral raw material, as accepted in most industrialized countries. Purpose: to study the dynamics of commodity flows (production, import, export, consumption) of barite throughout the countries, its world prices, sources of barite raw materials and the prospects for its...

In cases where it is important to track how changes in the environment affect the vital activity of a living organism (the main task of ecology), it is necessary to use quantities whose numerical values change accordingly (adequately) to the reaction of living organisms to changes in the environment. Changes in human sensations under the influence...

This article explores the First Balkan War (1912-1913), a turning point in Southeast European history, detailing the complex alliances, territorial disputes, and consequences for the Ottoman Empire. The war resulted in significant losses for the Ottomans, with 83% of European territories ceded. The Balkan League, comprising Serbia, Montenegro, Bul...

Introduction. Between 2006 and 2012, the stationary automatic air quality monitoring station in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria repeatedly registered peaks of gassing with nitrogen dioxide with concentration over threshold levels (a record for the country) with unknown origin. The main suspect was traffic оn the street near the measuring station. Objective....

In 2022, the share of agri-food products in the total export of Ukraine increased to 53 % from 41 % in 2021, maintaining the leadership in its product structure and becoming the maximum since the inde-pendence of our state. According to the data of the State Customs Service of Ukraine, at the end of 2022, Ukraine exported agricultural food products...

An example of creating a site for calculating the conditions for the appearance of a lens effect in space. Published in proceedings of XXXV national conf. on physics education issues. Pleven, Bulgaria, April 1-4, 2007, 183-186.

Experimental studies were conducted with forestry mulchers in field protection forest belts and clearings in the North-Eastern region of Bulgaria . Regression models were elaborated to determine the operating performance and fuel consumption of forestry mulchers with a rated power of 70 kW to 245 kW for site preparation of clearings with the amount...

Background Non-natural mortality in children and adolescents is a global public health problem that varies widely from country to country. Data on child and adolescent maltreatment are not readily available, and mortality due to violent causes is also underestimated. Methods Injury-related mortality rates (overall and by specific causes) from 2000...