Building Materials - Science topic

Due to material deterioration, structure age, changes in building function, fault design, and decreased structural reliability brought on by natural catastrophes, it may require to strengthening the reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The entire carbon footprint is increased by the usage of building materials like cement. Therefore, restoring/improving...

Bamboo is a natural building material that grows widely across the tropics and subtropics. It has been used in traditional construction for millennia and is now used in a growing range of innovative bio-based building solutions. Citing bamboo's potential for carbon capture, promising physical properties and relative underdevelopment of the global b...

Papers will address traditional building materials & construction techniques, typological analysis, preservation problems and solutions, climate adaptation and reuse of vacant traditional buildings, among some others. Submission deadline: May 2023. "Buildings" is an international peer-reviewed open access journal from MDPI, indexed in the Scien...

Although volcanoes present a risk to society, they also represent an opportunity for the development and socioeconomic sustainability of their territories. Its main benefits are associated with the diversity of resources offered by volcanic landscapes: geothermal energy, agriculture, building materials, tourism, etc. The volcanic nature of the Maca...

Social change with the mission of eradicating poverty in Nepal. Building infrastructure, developing areas, and utilizing the local resources like the water and building materials, rocks, stones, technology, manpower, and other materials to build the road and the country.

The Capo Mannu tower rests on a cliff edge in the central-western coast of Sardinia (Italy). It is placed on a 50-60 metres-thick aeolian sequence of Plio-Pleistocene age (Capo Mannu Fm.), that lies above Miocene to Lower Pliocene marine sediments (mainly limestones, sandstones, marly clays). Archival documents attested the decay state of the tower...

The application of α-hemihydrate gypsum (α-HH) is limited by several factors, such as a rapid hydration rate, short setting time, poor water resistance, and high cost. Especially because of the high production cost, although α-HH has excellent mechanical strength, it is rarely used in the field of building materials. In this study, based on the com...

Todos os setores da indústria, inclusive a construção civil, foram afetados pela pandemia imposta de Covid 19. O aumento dos insumos provoca impactos negativos nas contratações de serviços construtivos, sobretudo em empreendimentos públicos que foram adquiridos via licitação. Apesar das notícias sobre os percentuais de aumentos, poucas pesquisas tê...

The substantiation of the need to develop and implement new resource-saving technologies for the production of construction mixtures using aggregates obtained as a result of complex processing of solid inorganic construction waste is provided. Analytical studies of technogenic waste processing technologies for obtaining building materials have been...

The aggravation of the economic and environmental situation in Ukraine necessitates the development of new efficient technologies for the processing and use of industrial technogenic waste from the thermal power and chemical industries. Such technologies should ensure the maximum degree of use in the production of high-quality efficient building pr...

Large amounts of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI BA) are formed worldwide, and this quantity is growing because of the establishment of new waste-to-energy plants. This waste is generally kept in landfills but can be used for the manufacturing of cementitious building materials. This article analyzes the use of MSWI BA as a micr...

The quality of insulation of construction structures - houses and buildings of various purposes - depends on many components, but the main ones were and remain the quality and durability of the materials used. Typical tests are carried out according to indicators of the resistance of the structure with facade thermal insulation to climatic factors...

The Lower Rhine region was of crucial importance for the Roman empire as a transit zone from Gaul to the North Sea. The river Rhine functioned both as a transport artery and as a defence line. Huge investments were made in the first century CE to protect this economic lifeline, by installing a line of forts and legionary camps along the river from...

Current research efforts aim to develop insulating building materials to cope with hot tunnels by using crop straw fibers. The amount of straw fiber incorporated included different percentages of the gelling material mass: 0% (reference specimen), 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The study focused on the concrete’s compressive strength, permeability, and t...

Wood is the organic hygroscopic material for excellence. Due to its extremely easy handling, it has always been used in many applications, especially as building material for artefacts and works of art. However, it is highly climate-susceptible as it swells or shrinks by exchanging moisture with the surrounding environment when natural or artificia...

The tower of Piscinnì (WGS84: 38°54′15″N 8°46′40″E) is located within a beautiful coastal enclave on the coast of Teulada (South-western Sardinia). The mighty building stands on a promontory dominating the wild and suggestive panorama of the beach surrounded by Mediterranean vegetation. It was built at the end of the XVI century and still stands ou...

Smart city initiatives have been a driving force for city-level dataset collection and the development of data-driven applications that benefit effective city management. There is a need to demonstrate use cases for effective city management using the available dataset. Urban Digital Twin (UDT) is a 3D city model that can integrate multi-discipline...

The treatment and valorization of wastes such as dredged harbor sediments and oyster shells have become critical for environmental management. In order to promote waste valorization and resource sustainability, this study evaluated the feasibility of using harbor sediments and oyster shells for lightweight aggregate (LWA) production. The effects of...

Mining generates significant amounts of waste that can represent a source of contamination for areas close to the extraction area, generating a negative impact both on the environment and the health of people. This study aims to evaluate the radiological risk derived from exposure to natural radionuclides contained in tailings from Peruvian gold mi...

At least 617 cases of fire disasters were recorded in Balikpapan City from 2010 to 2020. In response, fire disaster mitigation is still a problem, especially in dense residential areas and unclean environments. One of the sub-districts with the characteristics of dense settlements and a history of fire incidents is Karang Rejo Village. This conditi...

This study aims to examine the flexural capacity of bamboo beams through a lamination process using glue. The lamination process is intended to increase the strength and stability of bamboo beams so that they can be used as alternative building materials. In this study, samples of bamboo beams were processed using the lamination method and tested t...

There is an urgent need to evaluate the environmental impacts of both traditional and more recent innovations in sustainable building materials. This study conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a single three-storey (aboveground) terrace in Ireland composed of three timber-framed residential workplace units. The supply of raw materials, their...

It is necessary to plan the shopping center on the basis of a strict project, taking into account the implementation of various functional and technological processes in the proposed retail and service complexes. Because of the large size of the center, the prospect of a long, monotonous-looking gallery has become so boring that it is natural to be...

Nowadays, the realm of civil engineering has expanded to encompass Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, which can contribute to making sustainable, high-performing, and durable buildings. These innovative techniques allow for monitoring concrete structures and developing inspection and maintenance plans to ensure their long-term integrity. By lev...

Earthen techniques have been historically used in construction of housing in Africa, Asia and Latin America. In the past two decades the interest in earthen material has grown considerably, leading to the development of sustainable materials such as compressed earth blocks (CEB), compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEB) and interlocking stabilized...

The reduction of embodied carbon emissions in buildings has a significant impact on mitigating climate change. Current studies suggest that circular economy principles have the potential to reduce environmental impacts. Recycling and reuse of deconstructed building materials during the end of the useful lifespan of a building can help reduce carbon...

The preservation of heritage is crucial to successfully accomplish the Sustaining Development Goals (SDGs) because it leads to social unity; therefore, evaluating the decay mechanisms of stone-built heritage sites is critical to understanding the role of atmospheric conditions towards their conservation and to developing effective policies in the p...

A large amount of mineral-generated lithium slag will be produced after extracting lithium from spodumene. However, most lithium slag has not been well utilized. In this study, lithium slag was added to MOC, and its setting time, compressive strength, water resistance, phase composition, and microscopic morphology were studied. The results showed t...

This paper presents the development of composite silicate mass compositions based on man-made waste for the production of autoclave hardening products, as well as the results of physico-chemical studies of hydration products of silicate materials. The possibility, expediency and efficiency of using multi-tonnage technogenic waste of Kazakhstan in t...

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a kind of building material with ultra-high strength, toughness, and durability. However, under the conditions of ordinary molding technology, most of the fibers cannot play a bridging role in the direction of force. In this study, UHPC specimens with different steel fiber contents (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% by vo...

As a potential building material, fast-growing wood (such as poplar) is prone to easy combustion and having poor mechanical properties, which limit its application range. In order to improve the reinforcing effect of SiO2 on poplar wood, we propose a method of immersing silica sol into wood smoothly. In this method, the sol and a non-ionic surfacta...

Clay-fired bricks are widely used in emerging economies mainly because of the unavailability of higher-grade construction and building materials; however, they are associated with significant social and environmental damage. The environmental burdens associated with the fuels and materials required for brick production are huge, as they have both d...

Tempered glass is a building material often used in curtain walls and windows of high-rise buildings. Tempered glass is easily damaged by high temperature and thermal radiation in a fire, creating a channel for flame spread. The breakage mechanism of glass is rarely studied under the protection of different sprinkler system. Therefore, three sprink...

Over the past thirty-five years, a series of archaeological sites of the period of the Russian colonization of Siberia have been investigated in the territory of the Siberian macroregion, which made it possible to identify re-gional features and to trace evolution of the socio-cultural identity of the Russian Siberian in the 17th–19th cc. A topical...

The article describes prospectings carried out in ongoing doctoral research that aims to develop new prototypes of violin mutes, relying on the analysis of quantitative data extracted from violin recordings under the effect of different types of mutes. These prospectings aim to define an adequate analysis methodology to isolate the contributions of...

Phyllosilicate mineral pyrophyllite is predominantly used in the ceramic industry because it exhibits high refractoriness. Due to its thermal transformation into mullite, pyrophyllite is stable at elevated temperatures, making it a suitable mineral additive for refractory non-shaped materials and various ceramic shaped products. In this study, pyro...

Construction and Building Materials QASIM M SHAKIR in recognition of the review contributed to the journal _12Rev

Here, an avant-garde study of three ancient Doric columns of the precious, ancient Romanesque church of Saints Lorenzo and Pancrazio in the historical town center of Cagliari (Italy) is presented based on the integrated application of different non-destructive testing methods. The limitations of each methodology are overcome by the synergistic appl...

Multipath errors are significantly challenging in radio navigation systems. In particular, multipath errors in indoor environments cause significant errors in the position domain because not only the building materials that surround the environment but also all objects inside the building can reflect the navigation signals. Multipath errors in outd...

Modern environmental protection standards have a direct impact on the construction and shaping of public space. Designers are increasingly reaching for materials produced via recycling technologies. Waste materials are more readily adopted and used in urban planning and architecture. Current projects in this area are being increasingly designed to...

This study aims to cover the thermodynamic aspect of a geothermal site using the Hermite interpolant. The energy distribution, determination of the system exergy, and the energy ratio are some of the factors investigated thoroughly. The steady flow energy equation was used to determine the design parameters related to the hybrid heating, ventilatio...

Red mud (RM) cementitious materials were prepared with the thermally, thermoalkali- or thermocalcium-activated RM, steel slag (SS), and other additives. The effects of different thermal RM activation methods on the cementitious material hydration mechanisms, mechanical properties, and environmental risks were discussed and analyzed. The results sho...

As a result of the strict environmental laws created by the worldwide community, the building industry's research is increasingly concentrated on employing secondary raw materials when developing and constructing new projects. The body of Existing research indicated the enormous possibility of employing trash and fibre as admixtures or cement subst...

The current view of the creation of the universe and the beginning of time is that it all started with the Big Bang some 13.8 billion years ago. However, if this creation event at all happened, this cannot have been the true beginning of our universe. Such an immense event must have had a background history that made it possible, like a cyclic even...

Assessing exposure to semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) that are emitted from consumer products and building materials in indoor environments is critical for reducing the associated health risks. Many modeling approaches have been developed for SVOC exposure assessment indoors, including the DustEx webtool. However, the applicability of these...

When developing new innovative building materials, their performance characteristics as well as their environmental friendliness are important. It is difficult to produce a fully ecological material for building envelopes, because there is a lack of ecological binding materials on the market, good binding materials are very expensive, and cheaper o...

On 4 March, World Engineering for Sustainable Development Day provides an opportunity to highlight what engineers and engineering have achieved in our modern world and to raise public understanding of how engineering and technology are at the heart of modern life and sustainable development [...]

Haloanisoles in wine have devastating effects on the aroma and quality of the wine. 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) was discovered and coined as “cork taint” in 1982. However, we now understand that there are many more haloanisoles that contribute to these musty odors, including 2,4,6-Tribromoanisiole (TBA), 2,3,4,6-tetrachloroanisole (TeCA), and pent...

Benefiting from low cost, high tensile strength, chemical stability, and great resistance to temperature, alkaline, and acids, it is a reasonable and valuable technology to use basalt fiber (BF) as an admixture to optimize building materials. So far, the challenge is still to master the engineering performance of BF-reinforced materials, especially...

We explore femtosecond laser cleaning of materials used in the construction of historic monuments, such as stone and steel covered in typical contaminants caused by harsh environments that may be found in urban areas. We address the cleaning of these materials from a conservation perspective, taking as examples the preservation and cleaning of icon...

Talking about the traditional look of individual housing is now becoming increasingly difficult. More and more old houses are being rebuilt according to the modern system; less and less archaic houses are preserved. The ancient settlements abandoned by the inhabitants are being destroyed. Buildings are destroyed not only by weathering, but also by...

Within the global cannabis renaissance, South Africa aims, since the 2021 publication of the National Cannabis Master Plan, to create an inclusive medicinal, recreational, and industrial cannabis sector. However, approximately forty thousand cannabis smallholders in the Eastern Cape Mpondoland are economically and politically excluded from this pro...

Micro-mapping of terrestrial gamma radiation dose (TGRD) at meter grid spacing in and around four urban homes in Miri City shows rates ranging from 70 to 150 nGy/h. Tiled surfaces (floors and walls) vary between properties and have a clear and significant influence on TGRD which is highest in kitchens, washrooms and toilets. Application of a single...

Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a solid waste produced in the process of electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) production. In recent years, the accumulation of EMR has caused increasingly serious environmental problems. To better understand the state of EMR recycling in recent years, this paper used a comprehensive literature database to condu...

Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFSs) have piqued the interest of researchers in a wide range of domains. Te striking framework of the FFS is keen to provide the larger preference domain for the modeling of ambiguous information deploying the degrees of membership and nonmembership. Furthermore, FFSs prevail over the theories of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and...

Rough set theory is a key approach to model and apprehend the situations involving uncertainty without additional information and suppositions. Complex fuzzy sets are useful in developing parsimonious models in various fields such as image processing, machine learning and data mining. To manipulate the subjectivity and fluctuation in decision makin...

DNA nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field that uses DNA as a building material for nanoscale structures. Key to the field's development has been the ability to accurately describe the behavior of DNA nanostructures using simulations and other modeling techniques. In this Review, we present various aspects of prediction and control in DNA nan...

Today, the reuse of waste in building materials occupies an important place in the approach to the circularity of materials. National and European environmental regulations require ensuring the environmental safety of material-incorporating waste. For this, there are specific tests to verify that there is no health risk when using these materials....

Waste disposal processes and landfill management are crucial subjects in the field of settlement archaeology. Our study is focused on the reconstruction of the community economy in the context of the Late Bronze Age; understanding the processes that led to the filling of these features; reconstruction of the recycling system of building materials (...

In the field of materials science, different sciences and disciplines overlap. Chemistry is a specialty used in several fields , sometimes the type of chemical compound and its concentration affect some of the physical and mechanical properties of materials,when studying the mechanical properties of buildings, it becomes clear to us the importance...

The exploitation of urban-material spectral properties is of increasing importance for a broad range of applications, such as urban climate-change modeling and mitigation or spe-cific/dangerous roof-material detection and inventory. A new spectral library dedicated to the detection of roof material was created to reflect the regional diversity of m...

Environmentally friendly materials are products that do not cause damage to the ocean or deteriorate the natural ecological balance. Which helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions. and reduce the use of electrical energy, which reduces pollution. Modern building materials contribute to the increase in global warming. This is what makes scientists turn...

If the surface temperature of any building material drops sharply without changing the humidity and the surface temperature is lower than the dew point temperature, dew-like water droplets are formed on the surface of this material. This condition is called condensing humidity condition. Condensation moisture formed on the surfaces of building mate...

Persistence of research was towards the behaviour of folded plate. In this project, we used GGBS blended ferrocement concrete to cover a folded plate 600 mm x 1800 mm x 150 mm. Ferro cement is a building material that is emerging as an alternative for traditional RCC. According to prior research, folded plates are the most cost-effective and visual...

The increasing amount of waste from the vulcanization industry has become a serious environmental challenge. Even the partial reuse of the steel contained in tires as dispersed reinforcement in the production of new building materials may contribute to reducing the environmental impact of this industry while supporting the principle of sustainable...