Bronchi - Science topic

Airway segmentation, especially bronchioles segmentation, is an important but challenging task because distal bronchus are sparsely distributed and of a fine scale. Existing neural networks usually exploit sparse topology to learn the connectivity of bronchioles and inefficient shallow features to capture such high-frequency information, leading to...

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (IMT) is a mesenchymal tumor that can occur at any age. However, it is primarily seen in children, with the most common site being in the lung parenchyma, usually presented by rare endobronchial lesions. This case reports the incidence of a 3-year-old girl diagnosed with pericardiac pneumonia treated with antibiot...

Vertebrate lonesome kinase (VLK) is the only known secreted tyrosine kinase and responsible for the phosphorylation of a broad range of secretory pathway-resident and extracellular matrix proteins. However, its cell-type specific functions in vivo are still largely unknown. Therefore, we generated mice lacking the VLK gene (protein kinase domain co...

Background Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae) is wide epidemic in the world, and is the main pathogen of sheep pneumonia, causing a series of clinical symptoms, such as depression, anorexia, hyperthermia, cough, dyspnea and tract secretions and so on. In recent years, the prevalence of M. ovipneumoniae pneumonia has become increasingly ser...

Pneumomediastinum (PM) and Subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) following foreign body aspiration is very rare. Pneumomediastinum (PM) occurs due to alveolar rupture whereas subcutaneous emphysema occurs if air leak persists. It is benign in nature but in some cases, it might be fatal. Therefore, proper assessment and management is required to limit the li...

Introduction B³ downward-shifting is a rare bronchial anomaly characterized by abnormal pulmonary arteries associated with downward displacement of B³ and complete fusion between the right upper and middle lobes. Case presentation We report a case of robot-assisted thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy in a patient with lung cancer with B³ downward-...

The indications and surgical techniques for airway stenosis (AS) repair among patients with bridging bronchus (BB) and congenital heart disease (CHD) have not been fully established. We sought to provide our experience with tracheobronchoplasty in a large series of BB patients with AS and CHD. Eligible patients were retrospectively enrolled from Ju...

The presence of computed tomography bronchus sign (CT-BS) substantially increases the diagnostic yield of peripheral pulmonary lesions. However, the clinical significance of subdividing CT-BS remains controversial. We classified bronchus types on CT into six subtypes (CT-BS group I: types Ia–Ic with the bronchus connected within the lesion, group I...

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a mesenchymal tumor that can occur at any age. However, it is primarily seen in children, with the most common site being in the lung parenchyma, usually present with rare endobronchial lesions. This case reports the incidence in a 3-year-old girl diagnosed with pericardiac pneumonia treated with antibiot...

Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly of unknown cause, consisting of a complete absence of the lung parenchyma, bronchi, and vascularization. It may or not be associated with other malformations. The authors report a case of right pulmonary agenesis diagnosed in a four-month-old infant who had no previous pathological history and was gro...

The spectrum of croup includes laryngotracheitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, and laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis. Inspiratory stridor and a barking cough are symptoms of the common respiratory condition known as croup, which affects the trachea, larynx, and bronchi. Croup is normally brought on by the parainfluenza virus, although it can also be br...

Teaching Point: The pulmonary artery sling can be suspected on frontal chest radiography, not only by ancillary findings like lobe/lung emphysema or persisting atelectasis, but also blurring of the distal trachea or carina.

PurposeThe aim of the study was to assess mortality trends in Poland between 2000 and 2019 in the early and late old age population (65–74 years and over 75 years).Methods The work used data on all deaths of Polish residents aged over 65 years (N = 5,496,970). The analysis included the five most common major groups of causes of death: diseases of t...

Background: Studies demonstrated that age-related cellular and functional changes of airway significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of many airway diseases. However, our understanding on the age-related molecular alterations of human airway remains inadequate. Methods: Airway (trachea and bronchus) brushing specimens were collected from 14 hea...

Sofia V Krylova, Sara Glickman, Ali Kalam, Katherine Chemakin, Joseph Yi, Linda Forrester, Priti Mishall, Adi Pinkas Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USACorrespondence: Adi Pinkas, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F620S, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA, Email...

Current drugs do not provide an absolute cure or modify the course of asthma. Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss extract (SXCF) has been used as Uyghur medicine for several years to treat bronchial asthma. However, very limited research has been conducted on the therapeutic mechanisms of SXCF. Disruptions in the metabolic network of lipid mediators (LMs) a...

To investigate differences in lung cancer (LC) management and survival using data from European population cancer registries. We analysed 4,602 lung cancer cases diagnosed in 2010–2013, followed-up to 2019 in five countries. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the Odds Ratio (OR) of surgery for stages I–II LC or chemo- or radiot...

Background Bronchiectasis is a pulmonary disease characterized by irreversible dilation of the bronchi and recurring respiratory infections. Few studies have described the microbiology and prevalence of infections in large patient populations outside of specialized tertiary care centers. Methods We used the Cerner HealthFacts Electronic Health Rec...

A 53-year-old man with a history of surgery for renal cancer was referred to our hospital due to massive hemoptysis. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a well-enhanced pulmonary nodule suggestive of a tumor (diameter of 16 mm), which was considered a causal lesion. Bronchial artery embolization was successfully performed and subsequently hemoptysis disa...

One-lung ventilation is also used in some thoracic or cardiac surgery, vascular surgery and oesophageal procedures. We conducted a search of the literature for relevant studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library. The final literature search was performed on 10 December 2022. Primary outcomes included the quality of lung...

Background Communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation is a rare anomaly characterized by a patent congenital communication between the esophagus or stomach and an isolated portion of the respiratory system. An esophagogram is taken as the gold standard for diagnosis. Compared with esophagography, computed tomography (CT) is more widely use...

In order to reveal the distribution and expression characteristics of the pulmonary ionocyte-related factors CFTR, ATP6V0D2, and ATP6V1C2 in the lungs of yaks of different ages. Explore the possible regulation of these pulmonary ionocyte-related factors in the yak lung for adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia. The localization and expression of CTFR...

Tension pneumothorax is a relatively rare complication after anesthetic induction that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Several handling errors related to intubation procedures or equipment and vigorous positive pressure ventilation are potentially important etiologies of tension pneumothorax in patients with underlying lung disease or in m...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 months of treatment with itraconazole on airway wall thickness in patients with severe persistent asthma. It was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (IRCT20091111002695N9). Seventy-five subjects with severe persistent asthma received itraconazole (100 mg), prednisol...

Purpose: To evaluate the various branching patterns of segmental bronchi in the right middle lobe and to survey the anatomical diversity and sex-related differences of these branches in a large sample of the study population. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective board-approved study with informed consent, 10,000 participants (5428 males, me...

IMPORTANCE Cancers are a leading cause of mortality, accounting for nearly 10 million annual deaths worldwide, or 1 in 6 deaths. Cancers also negatively affect countries' economic growth. However, the global economic cost of cancers and its worldwide distribution have yet to be studied. OBJECTIVE To estimate and project the economic cost of 29 can...

Background: It is important to reduce the postoperative drainage time after thoracic surgery to relieve postoperative pain and facilitate patient mobilization. We standardized intra- and peri-operative management of major, thoracoscopic pulmonary resections in February 2019. In this study, we investigated whether this standardization reduced the p...

Objectives: The division of inferior pulmonary ligament (IPL) during upper lobectomy (UL) was believed to be mandatory to dilate the remaining lung sufficiently. However, the benefits, especially postoperative pulmonary function, remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether IPL division leads to pulmonary dysfunction. Methods: This...

The tracheal bronchus is a congenital bronchial branching anomaly defined as an aberrant bronchus arising in either the trachea or a main bronchus. Left bronchial isomerism is characterized by two bilobed lungs, bilateral long main bronchi, and both pulmonary arteries passing superiorly to their respective upper lobe bronchi. Left bronchial isomeri...

Broncholithiasis is a rare and most often ignored condition characterized by the presence of calcified or ossified materials in the bronchus. The patient can be asymptomatic or commonly present with coughing. It is important to correctly identify this disease because in many cases it can cause hemoptysis and rarely lithoptysis. Broncholithiasis is...

The major sites of metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are bones, the brain, adrenal glands, the liver, the contralateral lung, and distant lymph nodes. Solitary metastasis in an uncommon site is very rare; therefore, it has not often been reported. Identifying whether a solitary lesion is a metastatic lesion is important because it de...

Complex hierarchical clustering mediated by diffusion and reaction is ubiquitous to many naturally occurring phenomena. The aggregates typically exhibit a fractal behaviour or non-integer size scaling compared to their intrinsic dimensionality (2 − 3 dimensions). Such fractal aggregates have attracted attention in studying biological (i.e. bronchi...

Background: Tracheal bronchus(TB）is originating from trachea or main bronchi and directed toward the upper lobe, most commonly it is about 2 cm or less from the carina. TB is a rare bronchial anomaly, the incidence of which has been reported in a range of 0.1% to 2%. It is more rare that TB combined with abnormal anatomical location of pulmonary ve...

Background Primary tracheal or bronchial tumors are relatively uncommon, whether benign or malignant. Sleeve resection is an excellent surgical technique for most primary tracheal or bronchial tumors. However, depending on the size and location of the tumor, thoracoscopic wedge resection of trachea or bronchus can be performed with the assistance o...

Nebulization is the most widely used respiratory delivery technique with non‐invasive properties. However, nebulized drugs often fail to function due to the excretion and immune clearance of the respiratory system. Here, inspired by pollen in nature, novel shell‐core aerosol particles (APs) capable of Brownian Motion were constructed for respirator...

Objective To provide estimates on the regional and national burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019 in the North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region. Methods and materials The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data were used. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), death, incidence...

Background: Bronchiectasis is an irreversible dilatation of more than one bronchus, with decreased clearance of secretions and expiratory flow. Secondary bacterial infection is so common, which worsens the disease. Sequelae of the disease lead to poor quality of life, with increased morbidity and mortality. This issue has limited literature. Method...

Background: Multimodal transbronchial biopsy (TBB) may have improved diagnostic yield for peripheral pulmonary lesions suspected as lung cancer. Radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) provides real-time imaging and confirmation of the location of the lesions. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) can confirm that the forceps tip has reached the l...

Background While previous studies primarily focused on the structure of the normal whole mouse lung, the whole bronchus and cytoarchitectural details of the mouse intact lung lobe have been discovered at single-cell resolution. Revealing the sophisticated lung adenocarcinoma structure at three-dimensional (3D) and single-cell level remains a fundam...

Aims Systemic pharmacokinetic (PK) studies can reflect the overall exposure of orally inhaled drug Products (OIDPs) in the blood after inhalation into the lung and can be used to evaluate the bioequivalence of test and reference products. The aim of this article is: (1) to study the PK characteristics and bioequivalence of ipratropium bromide (IB)...

Introduction Various risk factors have been attributed to coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) severity. Omalizumab as an immunoglobulin E blocker that enhances anti-viral immunity might be a potential cytokine storm trigger. Aim Our goal was to investigate if the treatment with omalizumab due to severe asthma is a risk factor of severe COVID-19 pneu...

Objective: Recently, few studies have evaluated bronchial morphometric parameters focusing on bronchial length, diameter, or angles. These parameters can be an important indicator in various pathological processes and are essential for simulating the flow of aspiration and inspired particle transport. The aim of this study is to determine the trach...

Background Tracheobronchial stenosis, particularly central airway stenosis, which frequently results in severe complications such as lung damage, occurs in patients with tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB). Objectives To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with central airway stenosis due to tuberculosis (CASTB). Methods Retrospecti...

Daniela Buklioska Ilievska1 ; Ivana Mickovski1 ; Radmila Neshovska1 ; Adriana Buklioska1 ; Vesna Trajkova1 ; Jordan Minov1 ; Sasho Stoleski1 ; Dragan Mijakoski1 1Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia (North) Introduction - There is increasing recognition that radiological bronchiectasis is present in many patients with C...

Although rigid bronchoscopy remains the gold standard for the management of foreign body (FB) inhalation, sometimes it still misses residual FBs. Inhalation of sharp FBs by infants is an uncommon but hazardous occurrence, which presents a significant challenge and demands expertise in therapeutic bronchoscopy. Particularly, residual sharp FBs in th...

Background: Combined subsegmental surgery (CSS) is considered to be a safe and effective resection modality for early-stage lung cancer. However, there is a lack of a clear definition of the technical difficulty classification of this surgical case, as well as a lack of reported analyzes of the learning curve of this technically demanding surgical...

Jinpei Li,1 Yu Zhou,2 Zhichao Liu,3 Taosheng Ye1 1Department of Respiratory Endoscopy, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Tuberculosis, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610011, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pulmonary Medicine & Tube...

A total of 55 digital radiographic studies from 53 individual juvenile Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) were retrospectively used to determine the normal radiographic anatomy of the lower respiratory tract in sea turtles that had been stranded due to hook-and-line injury and were otherwise clinically healthy. There were three or four...

Objective: This study aimed to summarize the clinical application experience of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) combined with three-dimensional computed tomography-bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) in anatomical basal segmentectomy. Methods: Clinical data of 42 patients who underwent bilateral lower sub-basal segmentectomy by VATS c...

Background An intrapericardial bronchogenic cyst (IBC) is rare and compresses the surrounding organs, causing symptoms. Resection of an IBC leads to an improvement in symptoms. We completely resected an IBC by performing median sternotomy and the symptom improved, and we described the clinical course. Case presentation A 48-year-old man with palpi...

Purpose To develop and evaluate an integrated solution for automatic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. Methods A novel algorithm named as multi-objectives adjustment policy network (MOAPN) was proposed and trained to learn how to adjust multiple optimization objectives in commercial...

Background With the prevalence of three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) and the development of anatomical segmentectomy, studies have confirmed the increased incidence of anomalous veins in patients with tracheobronchial abnormalities. Nevertheless, the characteristic anatomical correlation between bronchus a...

We report a patient who was referred to the emergency room with pulmonary complaints and where a computed tomography (CT) scan showed an unexpected 12.6 cm nail in the thorax penetrating part of the left pulmonary upper lobe, the left pulmonary artery, the left main bronchus, and the descending aorta, which had been in situ for at least three days....

Foreign body of aerodigestive tract is one of the most common emergency which all the otolaryngologists do come across in the pediatric patients. Among the airway and digestive tract foreign bodies, airway foreign bodies always possess major risk. Only 47% cases will give a probable positive history. Most of the time the airway foreign bodies are r...

Primary tracheobronchial schwannoma is extremely rare. A woman in her early 60 s was admitted to our department with a 2-month history of cough and expectoration. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a high-density nodule at the opening of the right main bronchus, accompanied by atelectasis in the middle and lower lobes. Flexible bronchoscopy re...

The BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine is composed of lipid-nanoparticles (LNP) containing the mRNA that encodes for SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Bronchospasm has been reported as an early reaction after COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in asthmatic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute impact of BNT162b2 in a human ex vivo model of severe eo...

Introduction Cushing's Syndrome (CS) due to ectopic ACTH release, ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) is a rare cause of ACTH-dependent CS. Although many malignancies are associated with EAS, the most common of these is neuroendocrine tumors of the lung. EAS-induced hypercortisolism has a rapid onset and has serious life-threatening clinical consequences....

Anatomical lung resections are specialized procedures that require a good knowledge of anatomy and high surgical experience. Individual isolation and dissection of hilar structures, including pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and bronchus, are the basic steps of anatomic lung resection. Today, lobectomy is still the gold standard treatment metho...

We report two cases of pulmonary collapse that simulated pneumothorax on computed tomographic images and were caused by rapid complete bronchial obstruction. One patient was a 77-year-old woman with sudden dyspnea, and the other was an 83-year-old woman with sudden dyspnea who was infected with influenza A virus. Chest computed tomography revealed...

Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer in the world, and lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer. Histologically, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most prevalent type of both skin and lung cancers. We report the case of a 38-year-old female with metastatic, poorly differentiated lung SCC detected on chest X-ray a...

Background The exponential growth of the cancer burden attributable to metabolic factors deserves global attention. We investigated the trends of cancer mortality attributable to metabolic factors in 204 countries and regions between 1990 and 2019. Methods We extracted data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 and assessed the mortal...

Background Endobronchial Metastasis from extrathoracic tumors is a rare neoplasm that accounts for approximately 1.1% of total endobronchial malignancies. The most common primary tumors associated with EBM are from the colorectal, breast, and kidney regions. Although it represents a late manifestation in the context of tumor progression, it can rar...

Objectives Globally, lung cancer is the leading cause of new cancer diagnosis and deaths. In spite of advancement in diagnostic modalities, lung cancer diagnosis is often delayed due to lack of bronchoscopy facility and techniques. In the present study, we have analyzed role of bronchoscopy in diagnosis of lung cancer with special emphasis on endob...

Background A tracheal foreign body is a common airway aspiration that creates an emergency, which often causes unobserved respiratory problems and requires management. Iatrogenic tracheal foreign bodies are rarely observed, which results in tracheal obstruction. If the foreign body were removed from the tracheobronchial system, it would save lives....