Science topic
Brain - Science topic
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Publications related to Brain (10,000)
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Creativity is often conceived in terms of insight, innovation, and invention realized through technical mastery and skill. Challenging this individualistic model are “inventions” like writing, something that surely gave no clue to the form it would ultimately take—script—or the ways in which it would reorganize behaviors and brains in the cognitive...
This study aims to evaluate the risk of traumatic brain injury by comparing data obtained from elite active boxers and healthy individuals through the application of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and the Trail Making Test, which are sensitive to brain damage, as well as the Verbal and Nonverbal Cancellation Test, which is sensitive to the right...
We analyze the concept of "affordance" in ecological psychology and the concept of "Turing machine" drawn from computation. We propose that Turing's theory of computation supports Gibson's ecological theory of affordances as entities perceived directly—without invoking representations—as the configurations of Turing machines. Our arguments draw on...
I'm happy to be part of the 36th ECNP Congress, 7-10 October 2023. Join my session on ‘CA18 – Food for the brain’.
Browse the complete programme: www.ecnp.eu/programme2023
See you in Barcelona or virtually!
#ECNP2023 @ECNPtweets #neuroscience #psychiatry
The present study uses functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) to examine
the overlapping and specific neural correlates of contextualized emotional conflict control and domain-general conflict control. During a performance on emotional and domain-general conflict tasks, conjunction analyses showed that neural areas distributed in the frontopari...
Starting from the ignored basic structural mechanics of all arteries (aortic and non) of mulluscs to humans their peculiar reverse sliding "candy-cracker" chambers explain (as CIMURAF) their workings and the brain tissue's drainage (Helen Cserr 1973 ff.) in better terms than "IPAD" (Weller, Carare). A further postulated adventitial flow created thr...
Brain age prediction is a relatively new tool in neuro-medicine and the neurosciences. In research and clinical practice, it finds multiple use as a marker for biological age, for general health status of the brain and as an indicator for several brain-based disorders. Its utility in all these tasks depends on detecting outliers and thus failing to...
Esophageal neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are a rare type of esophageal neoplasm that can initially present with vague signs and symptoms. Gastrointestinal manifestations, such as dysphagia and abdominal discomfort, are the most common symptoms of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Although there is a potential for distant metastases because of esophageal...
In this study, we investigated whether brain-to-brain coupling patterns in a two-player time-estimation game could predict performance in a cooperation task. The participant pairs (N=30), were tasked with synchronising button presses after converging (and waiting) on a shared representation of 'short', 'medium', and 'long' time intervals while util...
Extracting meaningful characteristics from EEG data. By calculating cross correlation average of bandwidths, the classification accuracy of Bradykinesia assessment is improved. Also helps in the early detection and intervention of brain health issues.
Psycholinguistics is primarily concerned with how language is produced, comprehended, and acquired by the mind and brain. The psycholinguistic approach seeks to establish not only that language can be adequately described by any particular theory but also that people use language in a particular way. With respect to word classes, it asks what is th...
![The T-values of ▵COE\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath}...](publication/374116663/figure/fig2/AS:11431281190684354@1695438032713/The-T-values-of-COEdocumentclass12ptminimal-usepackageamsmath_Q320.jpg)
For high-level automated vehicles, the human being acts as the passenger instead of the driver and does not need to operate vehicles, it makes the brain–computer interface system of high-level automated vehicles depend on the brain state of passengers rather than that of drivers. Particularly when confronting challenging driving situations, how to...
One of the fundamental challenges in modern neuroscience is understanding the interplay between the brain's functional activity and its underlying structural pathways. To address this question, we propose a novel communication pattern called subnet communicability, which models diffusive communication between pairs of regions through a small, inter...
Visual perception and Gestalt psychology are fascinating areas of study that delve into how our minds interpret and make sense of the visual world around us. Through intricate processes, our brains organize and process visual stimuli, giving rise to our perception of shapes, patterns, and objects. Gestalt psychology, on the other hand, explores the...
Registration of data to a common frame of reference is an essential step in the analysis and integration of diverse neuroscientific data. To this end, volumetric brain atlases enable histological datasets to be spatially registered and analyzed, yet accurate registration remains expertise-dependent and slow. In order to address this limitation, we...
p>Diagnosing the type of stroke using a quantitative method of microwave imaging</p
A recent study by Blank, Alink and Büchel, uses multivariate neuroimaging to investigate how the human brain processes the strength of face-related expectations and explores whether these expectations are represented in the same regions that process facial stimuli. In line with predictive coding theories, their study presents compelling evidence th...
When an important event occurs, the observer should identify which features of the environment might have caused it. This is the latent cause inference problem, and it must be solved if observers are to understand their environments. The problem is acute in social settings where individuals may not make equal contributions to the outcomes they achi...
Depression is associated with frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) and Psychological Resilience (PR), although in different ways. Only cursory attention has been given to how these three constructs interact despite the possible clinical and research implications of those associations. One limitation of recent research into these associations has been conc...
Because the brain is an extremely complex hypernet of interacting macroscopic subnetworks, full-scale analysis of brain activity is a daunting task. Nevertheless, this task can be greatly simplified by analysing the correspondence between various patterns of macroscopic brain activity, for example, through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMR...
p>Diagnosing the type of stroke using a quantitative method of microwave imaging</p
A mechanistic explanation is a desired outcome in many studies of perception. Such explanations require discovering the processes that contribute to the realization of a perceptual phenomenon at different levels of information processing. The present analysis aims at investigating the obstacles to develop such mechanistic explanations and their pot...
Human brain is characterized by extremely sparse extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite its low abundance, the significance of brain ECM in both physiological and pathological conditions should not be underestimated. Brain metastasis is a serious complication of cancer, and recent findings highlighted the contribution of ECM in brain metastasis develo...
The aim of this work is to understand the impact of lowercase letters and uppercase letters in terms of reading. Four sessions were held in which subjects are aged from 15 to 59 years old. Of the 19 participants with a mean age of 26.52 years (SD=13.14), to understand which letters (lowercase versus uppercase) presents a shorter reading time and hi...
FULL-TEXT AVAILABLE AT https://bit.ly/3Zqnj9p - "Empathy is a remarkable human trait that enables us to connect with others, understand their emotions, and share their experiences. It's the glue that binds societies, fosters cooperation, and enriches relationships. But have you ever wondered what goes on in your brain when you empathize with someon...
The glabellar tapping reflex (GTR) is a sign related to brain conditions and can be analyzed by clinicians for diagnostic purposes. To facilitate the quantitative analysis of this reflex, we developed a video-based tool using the MediaPipe framework. We tested our approach on healthy subjects to assess the effect of age and gender on reaction time...
I present a general and personal view of the various aspects in which Man is and should be studied. The main problem lies in the lack of a fully accepted definitions of consciousness and ‘normal’ state of consciousness. The concepts of personality and consciousness are discussed. The most important issues in the study of consciousness are highlight...
Hemichordates are close relatives of chordates. Their nervous system patterning is chordate-like, but their neural architecture remains unexplored. A new study in PLOS Biology reveals an unexpected neuroanatomical complexity in these animals, also informing chordate origins.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with 18Ffluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is an important imaging practice in cancer diagnosis, staging, treatment planning, and response assessment. Accurate interpretation of PET results requires an understanding of FDG uptake in organs. The time activity curve (TAC) and standardized uptake value (SUV) are the two common...
Please cite this article as: Atallah, O., Chaurasia, B., When the aneurysm hits the brain of the brain surgeon, Brain and Spine (2023), doi: https://doi.
Neural activity and behavior manifest a dual nature of state and trait dynamics, exhibiting variations within and between individuals. However, the joint properties of neural state-trait variation and how they map onto individual behavior remain understudied. To address this gap, we quantify moment-to-moment changes in brain-wide co-activation patt...
This article aims to explore the neural connectivity in typical and progressively dysfunctional autistic brains through computational modeling. Utilizing Python and NetworkX, we simulate neural hubs and their connections in different brain regions. Our findings suggest that a reduction in connections and random distribution of hubs may be indicativ...
In an fMRI study, we tested the prediction that visualizing risky situations induces a stronger neural response in brain areas associated with mental imagery and emotions than visualizing non-risky and more positive situations. We assumed that processing mental images that allow for “trying-out” the future has greater adaptive importance for risky...
Learning and memory processes in the human brain are complex and dynamic, influenced by various factors, such as cognitive and neural structures and systems, as well as memory types, age, and social influences. One person's social network can have an impact on the networks of their friends and community ties. This implies that changes in an individ...
Deep learning algorithms have greatly improved our ability to estimate eloquent cortex regions from resting-state brain scans for patients about to undergo neurosurgery. The use of deep learning has the potential to fully automate functional mapping of cortex in this context. We present a highly focused state-of-the-art review on current technology...
Citation: Rojas, C.; Riffo, B.; San Martín, M.; Guerra, E. Lexical Access Restrictions after the Age of 80. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 1343. https://doi.
Temporal variability is a fundamental property of brain processes and functionally important to human cognition. This study examined how fluctuations in neural oscillatory activity are related to problem-solving performance. We used volatility to assess the step-by-step fluctuations of EEG spectral power while individuals attempted to solve word-as...
Talking about someone else’s life is an interesting topic for a group conversation. Sometimes it can turn into gossip! We often think of gossip as something negative, and it certainly can be! Gossip can even be a part of bullying. But have you ever thought about whether gossip might also play a positive role in our lives? In this article, we will t...
Multiple biophysical mechanisms may generate non-negative extracellular waveforms during action potentials, but the origin and prevalence of positive spikes and biphasic spikes in the intact brain are unknown. Using extracellular recordings from densely-connected cortical networks in freely-moving mice, we find that a tenth of the waveforms are non...
7‐Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging may allow for higher resolution images but may produce greater acoustic noise than 1.5‐ and 3‐T scanners. We sought to characterize the intensity of acoustic noise from 7‐ versus 3‐T scanners. A‐weighted sound pressure levels from 5 types of pulse sequences used for brain and inner ear imaging in 3‐ and 7‐T sc...
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is the initial stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Early identification of SCD and its risk factors is of great importance for targeted interventions and for delaying the onset of AD. We reviewed the relevant literature on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional magn...
Understanding the dynamic changes in the topology of human brain networks is crucial for advancing neuroscience. This article presents a computational approach to simulate these changes while preserving topological features such as homotopy and homology. Using Python libraries NetworkX and GUDHI, we demonstrate a simplified model that can serve as...
An important goal in neuroscience is to determine what types of information are represented across brain regions. Often, a computational model is used to extract stimulus features that are hypothesized to be represented within a particular brain region. Any particular study tries to assess the relationship between the features extracted by the comp...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has been extensively studied for its behavioral symptoms. However, the neurobiological underpinnings remain less understood. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the structural, functional, and topological differences in the brain between indiv...
Resumen La descripción de los procesos compor-tamentales ha estado influenciada por un pensamiento masculino, lo cual contri-buye a que éstos se expliquen en función de la hegemonía prevalente. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar los estudios conductuales, ya que las conductas se han modificado con base en un pensamiento más equitativo de gén...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has been extensively studied for its behavioral symptoms. However, the neurobiological underpinnings remain less understood. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the structural, functional, and topological differences in the brain between indiv...
Abstract
The teaching learning process is not a place for guesswork. That assumption lies at the core of John Hattie’s body of research, Visible Learning, and has informed educational settings based on empirical evidence since it became known. To make what works best in Education understood and effectively incorporated in instructional practices,...
Le mouvement est très important pour l'être humain et particulièrement pour l'enfant pour l'amélioration de son apprentissage. En effet, bouger est la clé de sa réussite scolaire. Parmi les techniques de la kinésiologie, on peut citer le Brain Gym, appelée aussi gymnastique du cerveau. Cette approche éducative est un ensemble de vingt-six mouvement...
69/96Hz 1/4Hz (5 Layered) HOSPITALCORE Base https://youtu.be/eqnHFYItfZo
Master Tracks for under-layering in future productions. These by themselves create Neuro-Synchronization. 69/96Hz tracks "Sandwich the Music" creating a more fluid music experience that is healing to the Brain hence HOSPITALCORE was created
Exposure to blue wavelength light stimulates alertness and performance by modulating a widespread set of task-dependent cortical and subcortical areas. How light affects the crosstalk between brain areas to trigger this stimulating effect is not established. Here we record the brain activity of 19 healthy young participants (24.05±2.63; 12 women) w...
The article explores the computational modeling of brain network topology, focusing on the frontal cortex. Using Python and NetworkX, we simulate various aspects of neural networks, such as efficiency, folding, and long-range connections. We also discuss the implications of these evolutionary patterns in the context of modern civilization, drawing...
Biophilic room design has been shown to have a positive effect on human mental health and well-being (Kellert et al., 2011). However, previous studies have been limited to statistical analyses of direct activations of brain regions to biophilic design (Kim & Gero, 2023) and have not explored brain connectivity during exposure to biophilic-designed...
المستخلص:
قام جون لوك بتطوير مفهوم فلسفة التربية الذي كان سائداً في القرن الخامس عشر والسادس عشر وذلك بإدخال عنصر جديد ألا وهو مفهومه عن طبيعة المتعلم وهو المفهوم الذي يعرف ب (الصفحة البيضاء) والذي يقوم على ان عقل الانسان وقت ميلاده عبارة عن صفحة بيضاء.
و رمى البحث الى التعرف على الملامح العامة لفلسفة جون لوك كأحد أبرز ممثلي النزعة التهذيبية و الو...
The neural mechanisms responsible for the reduction of consciousness during sleep remain elusive. Previous studies investigating macro/mesoscale neural data have suggested that functional networks are segregated into spatially localized modules, and that these modules are more segregated during sleep than during wakefulness. However, large-scale si...
The article explores the computational modeling of brain network topology, focusing on the frontal cortex. Using Python and NetworkX, we simulate various aspects of neural networks, such as efficiency, folding, and long-range connections. We also discuss the implications of these evolutionary patterns in the context of modern civilization, drawing...
Background: Population-based studies of the relation between polygenic scores (PGSs) for longevity (longevity-PGSs) and MRI measures of relevance for ageing are few, especially in age-homogeneous samples from the normal population.
The aim of this study was to investigate this relationship in 70-year olds free from stroke and dementia.
Particip...
Intraventricular tumors (IVTs) are rare brain tumors presenting with varied clinical symptoms depending on their specific anatomical location and their different Histopathology.
A retrospective analysis of 5 patients with IVTs presented in our institution from the period of 2 years from March 2020 to July 2022. The variables evaluated included the...
The current literature review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of rTMS on the precuneus as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although the number of studies specifically targeting the precuneus is limited, the results from this review suggest the potential benefits of this approach. Future studies should focus on exploring the l...
![Figure 4. Block-diagram of a BCI system process [1].](publication/373943994/figure/fig1/AS:11431281188843486@1694790224212/Block-diagram-of-a-BCI-system-process-1_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 5. Linear mixture model of EEG signal acquisition [19]](publication/373943994/figure/fig2/AS:11431281188843488@1694790224716/Linear-mixture-model-of-EEG-signal-acquisition-19_Q320.jpg)
EEG headsets are a wearable electronic device used for electroencephalography, a monitoring and recording process of the electrical activity of the brain. The electrical signal of the brain is measured with the help of EEG sensors that have a precise accuracy and facilitate the graphic illustration of the characteristics of the brain’s activity, th...
Introduction
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a powerful technique for studying the human brain function. However, accurately estimating the number of sources that contribute to the MEG recordings remains a challenging problem due to the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the presence of correlated sources, inaccuracies in head modeling, and variation...
Pericytes play an indispensable role in various organs and biological processes, such as promoting angiogenesis, regulating microvascular blood flow, and participating in immune responses. Therefore, in this review, we will first introduce the discovery and development of pericytes, identification methods and functional characteristics, then focus...
Although preoperative anxiety affects up to 75% of children undergoing surgery each year and is associated with many adverse outcomes, we know relatively little about individual differences in how children respond to impending surgery. We examined whether patterns of anterior brain electrical activity (i.e., a neural correlate of anxious arousal) m...
Several stages were adopted in the proposed system to integrate the tumor of
the CT and MRI systems namely: medical image processing using median and
Slantlet filters to improve the images from the impurities that may occur after the
completion. The results indicate that Slantlet filter is best applied method, followed
by K-mean image segmentation...
Cerebral metabolites are associated with different physiological and pathological processes in brain tissue. Among them, the concentrations of N -acetylaspartate (NAA) and choline-containing compounds (Cho) in the thalamic region are recognized and analyzed as important predictive markers of brain impairment. The relationship among hypertension, mo...
A bstract
We introduce the Brain Language Model (BrainLM), a foundation model for brain activity dynamics trained on 6,700 hours of fMRI recordings. Utilizing self-supervised masked-prediction training, BrainLM demonstrates proficiency in both fine-tuning and zero-shot inference tasks. Fine-tuning allows for the prediction of clinical variables and...
A bstract
How do we infer which one of several targets another agent is following? And how are we capable of grasping an object on the fly? Reducing a model as complex as the surrounding dynamic environment into a small set of simpler hypotheses is a reasonable cognitive solution, but how can the brain compare and choose among dynamic hypotheses? R...
The idea that individual nerve cells might have conscious experiences has been around ever since cells were identified in the seventeenth century, but in the era of modern neuroscience the case for individual human neuronal experience has received little attention. A series of arguments will be presented suggesting that all the human conscious expe...
Temporal interference (TI) stimulation, which utilizes multiple external electric fields with amplitude modulation for neural modulation, has emerged as a potential noninvasive brain stimulation methodology. However, the clinical application of TI stimulation is inhibited by its uncertain fundamental mechanisms, and research has previously been res...
The rarity of tool manufacture in wild parrots is surprising because they share key life-history traits with advanced tool-using species, including large brains, complex sociality and prolonged parental care. When it does occur, tool manufacture in parrots tends to be innovative, spontaneous and individually variable, but most cases have been in ca...
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are maintained in the adult mammalian brain throughout the animal’s lifespan. NSCs in the subependymal zone infrequently divide and generate transit amplifying cells, which are destined to become olfactory bulb neurons. When transit amplifying cells are depleted, they are replenished by the quiescent NSC pool. However, the...
