Bone Metabolism - Science topic

The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) family is a group of cell surface receptors that participate in a variety of biological processes, including lipid metabolism, Wnt signaling, and bone metabolism. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and play a role in many biological processes, including...

Periodontitis is characterized by the activity of neutrophil elastase, a host defense factor that leads to the destruction of the epithelial barrier and bacterial invasion of the periodontal tissue. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitors (SLPI), predominantly secreted by epithelial cells, diffuse into the mucosal surface and inhibit excessive tiss...

In the context of global aging, osteoporosis has emerged as a significant public health concern, with a relatively high prevalence observed in plateau regions. This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of high-fat diet (HFD) and hypoxic conditions on bone metabolism in mice. The mice were subjected to different dietary r...

Purpose of Review The global rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents significant challenges in musculoskeletal care, contributing to increased perioperative complications, impaired bone health, and compromised muscle function. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), initially developed for glycemic control in T2DM...

SQSTM1/p62 has an essential role in autophagy, a catabolic pathway that is vital for maintaining cell homeostasis. p62 alterations have been observed in multiple pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases and bone metabolism alterations. The p.R321C p62 protein mutation has been described in patients with amyotrophic lateral scle...

Introdução: O distúrbio mineral e ósseo (DMO) geralmente está presente em estágios avançados da doença renal crônica (DRC) e possui relevância clínica, pois muitas vezes permanece após o transplante renal. Além da avaliação de marcadores tradicionais, como a creatinina, o paratormônio (PTH) e a vitamina D, outros biomarcadores do DMO-DRC estão em e...

Auto immune disease such as Rheumatoid Arthritis is the consequence of persistence imbalance between proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory immune mechanisms leading to chronic inflammation. In RA, many factors activate multiple pathways, all converging to enhance osteoclastogenesis, ultimately disturbing bone metabolism to bring about joi...

Vitamin D has been associated with the regulation of bone metabolism. However, increasing evidence demonstrates a strong association between vitamin D signaling and many biological processes to that immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects on the immune system. the presence of the vitamin D receptor in multiple immune cells, such as monocytes...

Background: There is interest in substances of plant origin that may have health-promoting effects regarding diabetes and its complications, including increased risk of fractures. Diosmin, which exerts, among others, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and some antidiabetic effects, is widely used in the treatment of chronic venous disease. Since diabet...

Purpose Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF) is a surgical procedure in which stabilization of spinal segments is achieved by inserting interbody cages filled with bone graft. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is an imaging modality to assess physiological processes at cellular level, well before manifestation of morphological changes on compu...

Background The RANK pathway has been extensively investigated for its role in bone resorption; however, its significance extends beyond bone metabolism. Preclinical models suggest that inhibition of RANK signaling can prevent mammary tumor development by reducing proliferation and tumor cell survival. Additionally, both preclinical and clinical dat...

Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterised mainly by reduced bone mass, bone microstructure degradation, and loss of bone mechanical properties. As the world population ages, more than 200 million people worldwide suffer from the pain caused by osteoporosis every year, which severely affects their quality of life. Moreover, the...

Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used for the treatment of acid-related disorders, but long-term use has been increasingly associated with an elevated risk of osteoporosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and specific targets of PPIs-induced bone loss remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the molecula...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are a relatively new class of drugs for treatment of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They have proven to be excellent drugs not only for the results on glycemic control but also for weight loss, cardiovascular protection and several other potential metabolic effects. In contrast, the effects of...

Background Long-term alcohol intake has toxic effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, resulting in decreased bone density, which directly disrupts the composition of the gut microbiota and affects bone metabolism and immune activity. The effects of alcohol on the bones may be closely related to sex. This study investigated the effects of long-term...

Selenium performs biological functions in the human body primarily through selenoproteins, which are known to play critical roles in bone metabolism. Normal osteogenic function is maintained by steady bone metabolism in the mandible. The role of selenoprotein S (SelS), one of the 25 identified selenoproteins, in osteogenic differentiation remains u...

Bone loss in Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) osteomyelitis poses a serious challenge to orthopedic treatment, but the underlying mechanism of systemic osteoporosis caused by chronic infection is not completely clear. In this study, γ-irradiation-killed S. aureus (IKSA) was applied to simulate the inflammation and explore the mechanism of system...

1. The poultry sector is possibly the fastest growing and most flexible of all livestock sectors. At present, the main changes to the table egg production system include the gradual abandonment and closure of all cage-housing systems for laying hens, driven by animal welfare concerns and stricter legislation in many countries. In the future, keepin...

A Commentary on Malhotra T, Kumar Yadav B, Singh Phukela S et al . A comparative evaluation of prosthetic and biologic outcomes as influenced by two different implant restorative materials: a prospective, split-mouth study. Int J Prosthodont. 2025; https://doi.org/10.11607/ijp.8729 . Design This was a prospective split-mouth study, where each pati...

Background and Objectives: Depression is a multifactorial mental health disorder involving inflammation, oxidative stress, neuroplasticity deficits, and metabolic dysfunction. Emerging research suggests that vitamin K, beyond its classical roles in coagulation and bone metabolism, may influence neurobiological processes relevant to mood regulation....

Osteonecrosis is a common and debilitating complication of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), often resulting in significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Early detection is crucial for preventing irreversible joint damage and improving long-term outcomes. Bone scintigraphy, particularly 99mTc-Methylene Diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scans, plays...

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a condition that increases fracture risk due to decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often restricted due to side effects, prompting the search for natural alternatives such as phytoestrogens, particularly genistein. Genistein is a major isoflavone in soy that has the potential to...

Background Osteoporosis (OP) is a major metabolic bone disease with significant health and socioeconomic impacts. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its derivatives, which reflect insulin resistance (IR), may play a role in bone metabolism. However, the relationship between TyG indices and OP is unclear. This study aimed to explore the associ...

Endocrine processes are fundamental and evolutionary older than neural system. Neonatal endocrinology covers perinatal period, auxology, thyroid function, calcium and bone metabolism, glucose homeostasis, adrenal gland disorders, sex differentiation, water balance, endocrine disruptors, and syndromatology. All this orchestra in harmony, with hypoth...

Background: Inadequate dietary intake of vitamin D, vitamin K, and calcium, as well as sub-optimal sunlight exposure, can lead to bone loss in the general population, and more so in patients with ulcerative colitis, who are burdened by additional predisposing factors for osteoporosis, such as chronic inflammation and cortisone use. However, micronu...

This report presents a case of dental implant treatment with guided bone regeneration in a 46-year-old patient with active Crohn’s disease, who was undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapy (azathioprine) and anti-inflammatory treatment (mesalazine). A titanium implant was placed six weeks after the extraction of tooth 22. Alveolar augmentatio...

This study examines the impact of metformin therapy on fasting blood sugar (FBS), renal function (urea and creatinine), and liver function (GOT, GPT, and ALP) in male and female type 2 diabetic patients. FBS levels, while numerically lower in females (106.8 ± 9.7 mg/dL) compared to males (119.7 ± 19 mg/dL), showed no statistically significant diffe...

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are currently recommended in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) to reduce serum glucose levels. Moreover, robust evidence has clearly demonstrated their beneficial cardiovascular and renal effects, making this class of drugs pivotal for the treatment of T2D, especially when complicated by diabetic...

The article presents an analysis of theoretical and practical results of research in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases on the study of vitamin D metabolism and its role in the development of mineral and bone disorders in children with chronic kidney disease, assessment of potential nutritional needs and risk factors for t...

BACKGROUND This study aims to prepare collagen peptides from bovine bone meal using a combination of heat pretreatment and enzymatic digestion, and to chelate them with calcium chloride to form peptide–calcium chelates. The effects of both on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts were investigated using cellular experiments (RAW 264....

Background: Most cases of beta-thalassemia major in children are associated with potentially severe clinical characteristics such as poor growth, feeding difficulties, hepatosplenomegaly, bone metabolic disorders, and skeletal abnormalities. Aims and Objectives: In our study, we evaluated the demographic and clinical presentations with the serum fe...

Osteoporosis (OP) is a disease affecting bone metabolism, characterized by low bone mineral density and the deterioration of the bone microarchitecture, leading to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture. OP mainly results from alterations in the balance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Curre...

Intact parathyroid hormone (PTHi) plays a central role in the regulation of mineral and bone metabolism. Due to post-translational modifications of the hormone, the interpretation of elevated PTHi values is challenging and may benefit from an expanded analytical panel. Within this project, additional parameters of calcium–phosphate metabolism, such...

Background. In recent years, countries such as Japan, China, the United States, and others have been actively searching for bioresorbable materials for osteosynthesis that do not require removal. According to preliminary data, biodegradable osteosynthesis fixators possess osteoinductive and osteoproliferative properties, positively influencing bone...

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic joint inflammation and progressive bone erosion. Traditional autoantibodies, such as anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factor (RF), are established markers associated with disease severity. Recent studies have identified ant...

This study evaluates the impact of mental health disorders such as stress, anxiety, and depression on the risk of various physical illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, immune system disorders, respiratory conditions, skin disorders, digestive ailments, and osteoporosis. Employing a literature review methodology, t...

Background: Lead (Pb), a pervasive environmental toxicant with specific toxicity to bone, has been recognized as a significant etiological factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. While dietary fiber (DF) demonstrates anti-osteoporotic potential, its protective role against Pb-induced bone loss remains unexplored. Methods: This study analyzed th...

Primary osteoporosis in children and young adults often suggests a monogenic disease affecting bone microarchitecture and bone mineral density. While Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is the most recognized genetic cause of recurrent fractures, many other genes involved in bone metabolism may contribute to osteoporosis. Among them, FGFR2 plays a critica...

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent a broad spectrum of diseases and injuries that significantly affect the musculoskeletal system and impose a considerable burden on global public health. This review focuses on the landscape of MSD diagnoses and emphasizes the high prevalence of these conditions. Additionally, it recognizes the inadequacies...

Medial malleolus fracture is traditionally performed via an open approach. However, significant drawbacks such as exfoliated soft tissue injury, infection, prolonged recovery periods have been reported. Recently, arthroscopy-assisted reduction percutaneous internal fixation (ARPF) demonstrates advantages in minimizing soft tissue damage, improving...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are at greater risk of developing osteoporosis (OP) than the general population. This study aimed to identify crosstalk genes between SLE and OP and to validate their diagnostic accuracy as biomarkers. Data analysis based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets was conducted. We utilized Weighted Gene C...

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that destroys tooth-supporting tissue, with proteins like osteonectin and osteopontin playing roles in bone metabolism and inflammation, making them potential biomarkers for assessing periodontal healing after treatment. Objectives: The effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on conce...

Bone scintigraphy, which is one of the most frequently performed tests in oncological patients, may reveal many non-oncological disorders of bone metabolism. As an example, presented is a case of a patient with a history of lung cancer, in whom a bone scan showed an abnormal accumulation of osteotropic radiopharmaceutical in the femur. An additiona...

Pediatric obesity is associated with a wide range of comorbidities beyond metabolic changes, affecting cardiovascular, endocrine, reproductive, musculoskeletal systems, and also mental health. Hypertension, commonly observed in children with obesity, increases the risk of long-term cardiovascular disease. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents a...

Background Osteoporosis (OP) represents a widespread bone remodeling disorder within the domain of orthopedics, markedly compromising the quality of life in the elderly population. The need to develop more efficient therapeutic approaches to attenuate bone resorption by suppressing the excessive activation of osteoclasts (OCs) remains urgent. The p...

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that seriously affects the quality of life and health of patients. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), have limitations in early detection and dynamic monitoring, making it difficult to meet clinical needs. This paper focuses on the potential of radionuclide...

Osteoporosis, a debilitating condition characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk, is notably influenced by estrogen deficiency and glucocorticoid treatment. This comprehensive review elucidates the molecular mechanisms underpinning estrogen deficiency-related osteoporosis (EDOP) and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). T...

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread global health concern, particularly affecting children and adolescents during critical periods of growth. This review highlights the multifactorial mechanisms through which vitamin deficiency impairs growth, emphasizing key factors and the effectiveness of interventions. Objective: To explore the imp...

Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common degenerative joint disease. It is characterized by pain, stiffness, reduced joint motion, and muscle weakness. It also has the potential for long-term disability. Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) is a noninvasive therapeutic modality widely used for the treatment of musculoskel...

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by immune system dysregulation and the production of autoantibodies, leading to widespread inflammation and multi-organ damage. Despite clinical observations have shown that approximately 1.4–68.7% of SLE patients develop vertebral osteoporosis (OP), the und...

Purpose This study investigated the effects of laterality, age, gender, BMI, and physical activity level on iliac bone turnover using [ ¹⁸ F]NaF PET/CT. Procedures Fifty-nine males and 44 females from the CAMONA study were analyzed. A region of interest (ROI) was drawn to segment the iliac bone using Hounsfield unit thresholds and morphological cl...

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to establish the regularities of changes in the content of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), the most well-known indicators of bone metabolism disorders, in the saliva of children with different severities of chronic kidney disease (CKD) who need orthodontic treatment. Methods: The...

Bone is a highly mechanosensitive tissue, where mechanical signaling plays a central role in maintaining skeletal homeostasis. Mechanotransduction regulates the balance between bone formation and resorption through coordinated interactions among bone cells. Key mechanosensing structures—including the extracellular/pericellular matrix (ECM/PCM), int...

Purpose of Review This review summarizes the recently published scientific evidence regarding the role of enzymes engaged in de novo anabolic biosynthesis, catabolic, and salvage pathways of ceramide bioactive sphingolipids in bone dynamics and skeletal health. Recent Findings Ceramides are precursors for bioactive sphingolipids, including sphingo...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune illness that persistently and recurrently affects joints. In RA, miR-146a functions as a key regulator, modulating inflammation by targeting and downregulating cytokines that promote inflammation, such as TNF-α and IL-6, whereas osteocalcin, a bone metabolism marker, plays a role in bone remod...

Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), known for their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, play a pivotal role in bone metabolism. In our previous investigations, we identified a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) named MCP1 Regulatory Factor (MRF), which exhibits significant involvement in immune regulation of BMSCs. Moreover, we observe...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces secondary osteoporosis, characterized by an imbalance between bone formation and resorption due to kidney dysfunction; the result is a reduction in both bone mineral density and quality. This condition is compounded by disruption of bone metabolic turnover, abnormalities in bone microstructure and collagen cross...

Background Osteoporosis is often responsible for bone fragility and increased fracture risk due to the micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue. In addition to nutritional supplements, exercise is considered an adjunct factor in safeguarding bone health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 16-week high-intensity interval training...

Background The bisphosphonate is widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis (OP)1).Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a third generation nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that is administered intravenously once a year. It is used to treat postmenopausal OP , glucocorticoid-induced OP, and male OP2-5). ZOL is also recommended as a first-line drug in sev...

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting structures, influenced by immune system dysregulation, oxidative stress, and imbalances in bone metabolism. Given its multifactorial pathogenesis, bioactive compounds such as vitamin D, melatonin, and omega-3 fatty acids have emerged as potential ad...

The intraosseous environment is a dynamic and intricate system integral to bone health, encompassing vascular, cellular, and biochemical interactions that drive key processes such as hematopoiesis, bone remodeling, and systemic mineral regulation. This review examines the structural composition of the bone matrix, the diverse cellular landscape, an...

Vitamin D has been recognized for several decades as an important player in bone metabolism. Beyond these classic effects on mineral metabolism, it has numerous extra-osseous effects, including effects on the cardiovascular system. Indeed, several clinical studies suggest a link between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular mortality. The general...

Purpose Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder characterized by self-imposed fasting and significant weight loss, leading to nutrient deficiencies that disrupt bone metabolism. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to characterize the bone health of women with anorexia nervosa using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), trabecular bo...

Background: Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare inherited bleeding disorder caused by dysfunction of the integrin αIIbβ3 in platelets. The subunit β3, encoded by ITGB3 also plays a significant role in bone metabolism. Whether GT patients with β3 deficiency also suffer from bone pathology remains unclear. Method: The 21-year-old female patien...

Introduction: The global dental implant market generated approximately 13 billion dollars in 2023, with an annual growth of 6%. It is prioritized that the nutritional status significantly influences the osseointegration process. Objective: It was to conduct a systematic review to discuss the nutritional importance of optimizing the dental implant o...

Background: Osteoporosis is a serious complication of systemic glucocorticoid therapy. Bisphosphonates are commonly used to treat glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) but may be ineffective. Teriparatide, a recombinant form of parathyroid hormone, stimulates bone formation and may be a promising alternative for patients who show an inadequate...

Bone metabolism involves complex genetic and cellular processes. While many advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation, many aspects remain to be fully elucidated. This study investigated the role of CYB5A in promoting osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and explored the influence of aut...

Osteoarthritis, a progressive and degenerative joint disease, disrupts the integrity of the entire joint structure, underscoring the urgency of identifying more effective therapeutic strategies and innovative targets. Among these, exercise therapy is considered a key component in the early management of osteoarthritis, functioning by stimulating th...

Despite decades of research, senile osteoporosis still lacks effective treatments. Exercise‐mediated mechanical loading enhances bone density, strength, and microstructure, while lack of exercise leads to significant bone loss. In this study, we used treadmill exercise and tail‐suspension mouse models to explore the effects of exercise on bone meta...

Background: Osteoporotic bone defects significantly affect patient health and quality of life. The gut-bone axis plays a crucial role in osteoporosis, and disruptions in gut microbiota are linked to systemic inflammation and compromised bone metabolism. Irisin, a myokine, has shown potential in protecting against osteoporosis, but its mechanisms o...

This review encapsulates a holistic exploration of the interconnected realms of the gut microbiome (GM), bone health, interleukins, chronic periodontitis, and COVID-19. It begins by elucidating the intricate relationship between GM and bone health, detailing the composition, functions, and influential factors shaping this dynamic ecosystem. The nar...

Bone repair in patients with osteoporosis is a major challenge. In this study, multi‐enhanced bioactive microsphere scaffolds (abbr. GMA MSs) composed of a gelatin framework with alendronate (ALN) and magnesium (Mg) spheres encapsulants are developed for repairing osteoporotic bone defects. The GMA MSs prepared via the reverse microemulsion method...

Osteopenia and Osteoporosis are common prevailing ailments exhibiting reduced bone density and occur especially aging population. Various factors lead to Osteopenia/Osteoporosis including sedentary lifestyle and hormonal changes that affect the bone metabolism. Conventional management of Osteopenia/Osteoporosis focuses primarily on Calcium and Vita...

The objective of this work was to analyze the involvement of AhR in bone metabolism using a rat model of experimental osteoporosis and to analyze the mechanisms behind its activity. Rats were assigned randomly to the subsequent groups; Control, received no treatment; ovariectomized (OVX) rats; Sham; Sham+RES received resveratrol; OVX+RES and OVX+CH...

Background Statins, widely used lipid lowering drugs, have been associated with pleiotropic beneficial effects. Notably, studies conducted in vitro and in vivo suggest a link between statins and bone metabolism. Observational data in humans also hint at a decreased fracture rate among statin users. Revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a seri...

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder and the second most common form of non-scarring hair loss, affecting approximately 1.7–2% of the global population. Although it predominantly presents before the age of 40, AA can occur at any age and is strongly associated with genetic predisposition. Environmental, hormonal, and psycholog...

Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by cutaneous manifestations and osteoarticular damage. The pathogenesis of SAPHO syndrome has not yet been elucidated, but studies have shown that the abnormal bone metabolism of patients with SAPHO syndrome is most likely due to...

Objective: The objective of this narrative literature review article is to address the use of bisphosphonates in antineoplastic therapies and how these bisphosphonates may be related to the triggering of osteonecrosis of the jaw. Methodology: During the construction and development of this narrative literature review article, the work of Rother (20...

Statins, such as simvastatin, are commonly used to treat hyperlipidemia and prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, simvastatin may suppress osteoclastogenesis, potentially reducing dental movement during orthodontic treatment. To mitigate this effect, low-level laser irradiation can be used for its photobiomodulatory properties. This study aims...

Background Periodontitis is a common chronic disease characterized by the destruction of periodontal tissues and the resorption of alveolar bone, which severely impacts the quality of life of patients. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as a crucial marker of bone metabolism, is involved in the bone formation process. However, the mechanisms linking ALP t...

Osteoporosis is a disorder of decreased bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration, and fragility fractures. Ganoderma lucidum has been reported to have a variety of pharmacological activities, including immune regulation, anti‐inflammation, antioxidation, sedative hypnosis, blood sugar and lipid regulation, and so on. However, the effective ingre...