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Blockchains - Science topic
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Questions related to Blockchains
I was exploring differential privacy (DP) which is an excellent technique to preserve the privacy of the data. However, I am wondering what will be the performance metrics to prove this between schemes with DP and schemes without DP.
Are there any performance metrics in which a comparison can be made between scheme with DP and scheme without DP?
Thanks in advance.
Blockchain is a distributed database of immutable records called blocks, which are secured using cryptography. There are a previous hash, transaction details, nonce, and target hash value. Financial institutions were the first to pay notice to it, as it was in simple words a new payment system.
Block is a place in a blockchain where data is stored. In the case of cryptocurrency blockchains, the data stored in a block are transactions. These blocks are chained together by adding the previous block's hash to the next block's header. It keeps the order of the blocks intact and makes the data in the blocks immutable.
A block is like a record of the transaction. Each time a block is verified, it gets recorded in chronological order in the main Blockchain. Once the data is recorded, it cannot be modified.

Will green cryptocurrencies be created with which new, pro-environmental and pro-climate, green economic ventures will be financed?
Is this a purely futurological vision or is it already feasible?
Green cryptocurrencies should be developed according to new eco-innovative technologies, so that their creation, digging will use much less electricity than today. Currently, digging cryptocurrencies still uses as much energy as a medium-sized country on a global scale. The issue of saving electricity consumption is particularly relevant in the context of the current energy crisis and, in the future, also in the context of a multi-year developing climate crisis. Therefore, green cryptocurrencies, which will be used to finance new pro-environmental and pro-climate green business ventures, should also be created using many times less electricity than at present in order to be green in themselves.
In what direction will the development of green cryptocurrencies develop? Will green cryptocurrencies be used to finance new pro-environmental and pro-climate green business ventures or will green cryptocurrencies be cryptocurrencies that are mined using significantly less electricity than at present?
Or perhaps both? This would be best for the environment, the climate and the planet's biosphere.
In view of the above, I address the following questions to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:
Will green cryptocurrencies be created with which to finance new environmentally and climate-friendly green economic ventures?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz

I was trying to get an insight into quantum computing (QC) for a research purpose. However, every source was filled with lots of technical terms with less explanation. It becomes very difficult for us those who want to learn QC with no knowledge before.
Is there any source where beginners can learn QC with zero background knowledge?
Thanks in advance.
What do you think are the major blockchain research topics for 2022? How will the technology evolve? Will the focus be on scalability, security, or decentralization? Which blockchain will solve the trilemma best? Which applications will enable major breakthroughs? How will established industry players and governments react? How will tokenization (and especially NFTs) further evolve?
Both deep learning (DL) and quantum computing (QC) are emerging technologies in the realm of research. Please share your valuable opinion on the following concerns.
- How DL can be merged with QC?
- What are the current challenges in the DL-based QC?
- What are the tentative application areas for DL-based QC?
Thanks for your time.
THREAD CLOSED
Dear Sir / Madam,
Sir , I wanted to request your participation in filling of questionnaire related to my MS research based upon your experience in Procurement/Blockchain. I am sharing the link of google forms.
I wanted to specially request for sharing it among your connections/known ones having experience in Block Chain please.
With Regards
Naveed Iqbal Khan , MS Scholar
Department of construction Engineering & Management
NUST college of Civil Engineering , Risalpur , Pakistan
I am interesting on understanding the cyber risk in blockchains. Everyone talks about how secure blockchains are, but how do we assess that? I mean, how do we know that specific Altcoins are as secure as Bitcoin?
Whether a machine learning approach could be used to improved that will outperform if data driven approaches such as machine learning techniques can accurately help block-chain upgradability, scalability and secure solution.
I'm looking for open source or publicly available datasets that deal with transactions and processes on dual token blockchains (i.e., one token for store-of-value/speculation/governance, etc. and a value-stabilized token to pay for transaction fees/operational expenses). Examples (that I am aware of) of dual token platforms would be VeChain, Theta, NEO, and Ontology. Just wondering if anyone is aware of open source datasets for these or similar blockchains.
I would like to know if any techniques are available to determine the computation complexity, time complexity, and space complexity for blockchain-based systems. Any help is much appreciated.
TIA.
I have read many papers for this subject. However, many startups are proposing new DLTs for this aiam. Many are based on Ethereum ecossystem, but other ones can be proposed using Cardano, NEO, etc. There is also other DLTs not based on blockchains, for example IOTA. So, what are the best DLTs to develop a new research on fresh food chain with IoT and AI, for instance?
Why do we need smart contracts just for authenticating a transaction? We can already see examples of smart contracts in our daily life. For instance, a vending machine (a reference made by the originator of this idea Nick Szabo) or a ticket machine. I am a beginner to this topic and I am trying to understand its recent popularity. However, the research papers I have read so far highlight two factors; Automating Transactions and Security due to its immutable nature. But these features are already available even in a ticket machine at a metro station. I would love to hear your feedback on it that why it is important and how it is different from already existing infrastructure?
Thanks a lot!
Good day everyone. I'm doing Diploma Research on E-residency and digital identities (international relations) and I found myself in a bit of trouble about answering the question of what does Estonia achieved from the policy so far, what are the political risks, and what are the benefits?
To make a little intro, I want to concentrate on the soft and hard powers states can gain by selling their governance services and legislature to the foreigners and therefore increase the population (in a digital way). Also, I'm mentioning: 1. diaspora (which Estonia can connect back to their homeland), 2. complex citizenship cases (like in Estonia itself (ethnic Russian minorities), and like in northern Ireland (demand on double citizenship), ..), 3. The possible change of traditional understanding of nation-state (borders, citizens...), 4. Blockchains and involvement of private companies in providing government services, 5. collecting private data about e-residents. Can you help me out and like to give me directions?
Thank you in advance.
Best regards,
Luke
Dear scholars
Can the blockchain technology (DLT) help tackle the problem of fraudulent diplomas and other academic and professional credentials? Is there a scope for e-government applications for recognition procedures?
I recently published a research article on blockchain, e-government and recognition of diplomas which you can access and download at:
(published by Elsevier, in Research in Globalization).
The focus of the article was not specifically on diploma falsification, but rather on the e-government aspects. Now, I would like to hear from this the RG community what are the views on the potential of a technology such as DLT / blockchain to contribute to a solution to that specific problem. Precisely (because the issue is not new at all), what are the lessons from experiences made? What did work, and what not? What results where achieved in the fight against counterfeit diplomas? What are the current directions both in terms of research and of application in the market?
Many thanks
Christian Pauletto
The compatibility of DLT-based applications with the GDPR has been reviewed in the past years, but the conclusions were in general not very sharp. Often, scholars underscored the fact that compatibility or lack thereof can only be assessed on a case-by-case basis. This is at least the conclusion I drew in my article on the matter, available at :
.Yet, I wonder if, with the recent developments in technology and applications, and with the better understanding of how the GDPR is implemented, time has come for a renewed assessment of the relationship between the two. Are there ways to make DLT applications a priori GDPR compatible? if so, how? Or, to the contrary, are DLT a priori not meeting the GDPR requirements? and if so why and what should be fixed when it comes to concrete use cases?
Many thanks for a lively discussion.
Christian Pauletto
What can be tentative research areas in which deep learning can be merged with blockchain?
Please share your thoughts.
Thanks in advance.
What is the potential of blockchain technologies (DLT) in the field of e-government, and in particular for procedures for recognition of credentials? If so, what are the specific hurdles in implementing a DLT-based solution in the context of e-administration at transnational level? I recently published a research article on blockchain, e-government and recognition which you can access and download at: (published by Elsevier, in Research in Globalization).
The fact is that beyond bitcoins and some Fintech applications, DLT / BC has led to encouraging use cases in some transnational administrative procedures, e.g. recognition of qualified exporters in the context of customs procedures, or in the field of government procurement bids. But for now that's about it. Are there other example of transnational administrative procedures where BC use cases could be developed? In my article I examine what are the opportunities and challenges of using the DLT /BC in the context of official recognition of foreign diplomas (diplomas earned abroad) by governments. Now I wish to ask the views on that from the RG community of researchers.
Call for Book Chapters - Apple Academic Press
https://www.appleacademicpress.com › public_files › In...
PDFCall for Book Chapters: Innovations on Cooperative Computing and Enterprise Blockchains. SERIES EDITOR: Cyrus F. Nourani, PhD. Research Professor,.
Every time when we have to work on a project we are deploying a smart contract on remix & each time the variables of smart contract get back to an initial state which is technically correct as we are deploying again and again.
However, as a product, it must preserve its state so, how that can be done?? can it be resolved with truffle and ganache or something else??
Dear community,
My master thesis will be related to Blockchain, more specifically to auditing this technology.
I am currently creating an IT audit program for Blockchain. This intends to be a general audit program for this technology, including as many areas as possible in order to have one main document that could be used for different audit purposes (e.g. auditing ITGC, governance audits, etc).
My initial and main contribution to start this project has been the ISACA audit program (https://www.isaca.org/bookstore/audit-control-and-security-essentials/wapbap). The idea would be to have a "2.0 version", including different tabs for other areas, mapping the processes with COBIT2019, adding a few more columns that could help for the testing process and the final result could be an "upgraded" version of the ISACA Blockchain audit program, ready to be used for auditing Blockchain.
What do you think? Any ideas/suggestions? Has anyone done something similar?
Regarding the testing of General IT Controls for Blockchain (p.e. a tool with this technology), anyone with expertise on this? I have read a very interesting article about this topic:
Sheldon, Mark. (2019). A Primer for Information Technology General Control Considerations on a Private and Permissioned Blockchain Audit. Current Issues in Auditing. 13. 10.2308/ciia-52356. Available at https://aaapubs.org/doi/pdf/10.2308/ciia-52356
Thank you in advance.
Best regards,
Carlos
How can we use IPFS with BlockChains to solve different problems.
What connections exist or may exist in the future between Blockchain technology and other online information technologies?
In my opinion, Internet information technologies and Blockchain will be intensively developed in the coming years and there will be more and more applications in which it will be possible to connect technologies typical of the current industrial revolution known as Industry 4.0 as: Big Data database technologies, cloud computing, machine learning, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, Business Intelligence, Data Mining, Blockchain and other technologies for the analysis and processing of digital information.
Please, answer, comments.
I invite you to the discussion.
Best wishes

Dear RG members,
How is Blockchains optimized for IoT-Fog applications? Which are the elements requiring standardization?
Hello everyone, right now I am working in the very initial phase of a dissertation proposal revolving around the Article 16 and Article 17 of the EU GDPR, and compliance of a Blockchain model to it.
I was looking for a simulator to simulate a proof of concept in hyperledger fabric by changing the number of the orderer, endorser, organisation, and also wanted to apply consensus in the network. Is there any simulator which can help me in this regard? I also want to make a transaction by coding (e.g., javascript, java).
Any suggestions?
Thanks in advance.
As much as I read about decentralized and distributed networks, it becomes more and more difficult to make a clear cut distinction between the two. Kindly, help by providing a clear distinction between decentralized and distributed networks.
- What are the pros and cons of Smart contracts?
- What are the latest technologies and tools?
- What do you like and/or dislike about smart contracts?
It's an open discussion to help improve our understand of future technologies. You are welcome to share your opinions and experience.
Will the use of Blockchain technology improve the security of information transfer on the Internet? Will the development of Blockchain technologies reduce the scale of cybercrime on the Internet?
Please, answer, comments.
I invite you to the discussion.
Best wishes

Hi, as we know block-chain has become the topic of a lot of researches recently...I 'd like to know is there any practical application for block-chain in future power grids? where? and how?
Thanks in advance.
I am seeking a reference with a detailed technical (rather than comprehensive) guide for implementing the blockchain through programming including a complete model of one real example not an illustration example.
I am doing research on blockchain and how it can affect the tradition banking systems. In case you are interested, I would like for you to answer a short structured questionnaire that will take 10 minutes to complete and give me a better insight of issues within the public blockchain and the banking industry.
In case you decide to help me collect some valuable primary data, here is the link and please leave your name in the end for reference.
Thank You!
What are the specific aspects of a consensus protocol system that I need to pay special attention to in order to come up with a new consensus protocol ?
I need to implement the decentralized concept of blockchain in vanet and demonstrate it using simulation. I have tried looking up for simulation tools that can help me with vanet simulation, but could not find how to integrate the blockchain part with the vanet in those simulatons. Could anyone help me through this, like which tool can be used or am I following the wrong approach?
Amara’s law – that we overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate its effect in the long run.
Wiill Amara's law be proven right for blockchain as it turns out we are many years away from enterprise level blockchains
#blockchain

Quite an interesting article in the latest edition of Wired magazine which argues that we need to re-secure the blockchain. The article argues that hackers will use quantum computing technologies to hack supposedly unhackable blockchains and that the two technological forces must come together. Can we push for collaboration between these two seemingly competing technologies ?

Received from the above database :
A blockchain is a peer-to-peer distributed ledger (information recorded in a shared database) that enables open and trusted exchanges over the internet without using central servers or an independent trusted authority. Using consensus, a shared record is distributed to all participants in a network to validate transactions and remove the need for a third-party intermediary. In short, blockchains facilitate transparent, verifiable, and secure digital asset transactions with both proof of rights and ownership.
Blockchain has its origins in the secure exchange of digital currency – such as Bitcoin – but its applicability is extending far beyond digital payments and into a number of different industries including financial, healthcare, government and even telecommunications. In fact the number of use cases for blockchain is actually quite astounding:
A recent vaccine scandal in China was made public by a reporter who purchased a quantity of ether and stored his expose on the ethereum blockchain. China are now taking steps to outlaw foreign VPNs and cyrptocurrencies/blockchains and are attempting to create their own censored versions.
Blockchains are changing and becoming faster and at larger scale. However they are not suitable for every approach. I would be most interested in reading a discussion piece as to if a "blockchain" (a highly optimised version of Etherium for instance not Etherium it self) would be suitable for your application.
Certain features, smart contracts, security, resilience, immutability, make it favourable but its increased data size and costs counter this.
Enerchain is a start up working with Eon etc... (all the big European players) doing just this.
Thanks for your time
Prior to launching the World Community Grid distribution, there's a need for a few more testers. Since you've probably already got the Byteball wallet :
all you need to do, is to create an account on World Community Grid (https://www.worldcommunitygrid.org) download the WCG-client and start it. In the Byteball wallet, pair with the device:
which is the Byteball-bot. It will walk you through linking your wallet with your WCG account.
World Community Grid is a simple way to support cutting-edge research into important global humanitarian causes. Your computer or mobile device could be powering scientific research on health, poverty and sustainability.
Byteball data is stored and ordered using directed acyclic graph (DAG) rather than blockchain. This allows all users to secure each other's data by referencing earlier data units created by other users, and also removes scalability limits common for blockchains, such as blocksize issue.
In the last couple of months, we have seen an explosion in the blockchain technology mass media coverage, which surged the value of the great majority of crypto currencies worldwide.
I am not interested in the speculation side of this market, but more in the distributed de-centralised system that blockchain provides.
Applications of blockchain is wide, but still, only a few of geospatial examples are found on the internet.
Are you aware of, or can you imagine, a good geospatial application that runs on blockchain?
ps: avoid the public parcels ledger (register) example, that is the most obvious, I am looking for originality.
THX!
NIC