Bladder Cancer - Science topic

Hello Hasib Ahmed

There are lots of different for different types of tumours. This one seems to fit you very well. It is actually called: "Bladder Cancer".

There are some others that are about Oncology in general. I might also consider:

- Tumor

- Journal of Oncological Science

- Cancer Forum

Hi, Sumit

Even cancer cells are not easily immortalized, especially human-derived cells.

From the attached photo, it seems that the stress caused by the subculturing induced cellular senescence.

In general, if you try to establish a cell line from about 10 cancer tissues, a few will probably be established as continuously culturable cell lines.

In order to establish cell lines more efficiently, immortalizing genes such as TERT, c-Myc, SV40T, HPVE6E7, etc. are often introduced. Of course, this may alter the properties of the cell line.

Perhaps using a hypoxic incubator to reduce oxidative stress may also be useful in extending cell life.

Best,

Best, Narumi

Most of the time, it is possible to know if muscle has been included in the specimen from visual inspection and chip thickness. If doubt remains, it is prudent to take biopsies from the floor with cold-cup forceps.

We use either GA with muscle relaxants or just spinal anaesthesia

Congratulations Prof. you are doing a very great job. All the best!

Which cell line? You can see my papers for various conditions.

Hi Amad,

I absolutely agree with your statement. It would not be meaningful to pool estimates from different tools of measurement, even if they measure the same parameter. For such cases, best solution would be to stratify the meta-analysis based on the specific tool, and report the results distinctly for each tool included.

Regards,

Kindly see the following PDF attachments.

Dear Gian Luca,

in our casuitry we have two patients with the characteristics you required, and a very long follow-up ( 12 and 16 years).

I am happy to collaborate for case-series.

Awaiting for your news,

Best regards.

Ciro

What is the threshold at which you define a hospital as "high volume" for a certain procedure? Is the relationship linear? Two of our published papers show that the relationship is not linear, and there is a plateauing at a certain point where the effect of increasing hospital volume does not lead to incremental decrease in complications. A difference between a hospital volume of 20 and 40 cases an year is not the same as a difference between 40 and 60 cases.

actually I wanted to study on fresh samples. So urethral swab and first void samples I collected.

It is difficult to tell. You need to know the variability in the response to the drug. I would suggest to perform some tests initially to urothelial cell cultures prior to animals.

In Sweden, most urology departments have questionnaires, which is documented at each visit before the next instillation. If any persistent side effects occur, the nurse consult the doctor, before the next instillation is given. I think it is very important to be aware of the side effects, to stop treatment in case of severe side effects!

please check this link, it seems to me very useful

https://books.google.iq/books?isbn=142004317X

regards

You may also want to try to reduce your serum in the growth media to 1%. Depending on your cell line they will also slow down a lot but they will eventually outgrow the fibroblats.

Try CD44+VEGFR2 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233742776_Blebbishields_the_Emergency_Program_for_Cancer_Stem_Cells_Sphere_Formation_and_Tumorigenesis_after_Apoptosis

I need to find out the tumor markers in the graded tumors. 

The incidence of gallbladder cancer parallels the prevalence of gall stone disease; large and long-standing gall stones being associated with a higher risk of gallbladder cancer. Gall stone disease is common in north India and occurs at a younger age than in the western populations. Moreover, patients with gall stone disease present for treatment a long time after the onset of symptoms. Both these factors result in prolonged exposure of the gallbladder to stones. Besides gall stone disease, various other factors may also play a role in the causation of gallbladder cancer which is an (north) Indian disease.

Thank you. Still looking for the protocol.

Hello Susan,

I have not found any information either on sites relating to Australia.

However, this paper is authored by a ResearchGate members who perhaps could be of assistance:

Arianayagam, R., Arianayagam, M., & Rashid, P. (2011). Bladder cancer: Current management. Australian family physician, 40(4), 209.

I also found find this link - Australia Urology Associates - that could maybe be of help:

This is the website for an Australian urological surgeon who treats bladder cancer; whether his team could point you in the right direction to find the answer to your question:

I hope you find the information that you need.

Very best wishes for your PhD,

Mary

Did you look at the flask you were growing them in. Sometimes all of them do not detach.

It's a secret...

With great pride and honor, we would like to invite you to participate in “14th World Cancer Convention” which is going to be held during November 21-23, 2016 at Dubai, UAE.

 For details please visit here:  http://cancer.global-summit.com/middleeast/

you can directly contact on: middleeastoncologists@insightconferences.com

Hi Jasvinder Kaur Bhatia,

Replying to your request on the markers differentiating between low grade and high grade urothelial carcinomas, I would bring to your attention the datasheet of Gary David Steinberg on MedScape in April 08, 2016. Entitled “Urine Tumor Markers in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis Overview of Urine Tumor Markers”, it overviews more than 30 urine tumor biomarkers, which have been reported for use in bladder cancer diagnosis, but only a few are commercially available; the remainder are still being tested. Commercially available tests include the following: Urine cytology; Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); Nuclear matrix protein (NMP-22); BTA stat; BTA TRAK; ImmunoCyt/uCyt+; CertNDx; CxBladder. Newer, voided urine assays (i.e., bladder tumor antigen [BTA stat, BTA TRAK], NMP-22, FDP]) are being used for the detection and surveillance of urothelial carcinoma. These tests have high false-positive and false-negative rates. In the future, other newer assays based on telomerase and microsatellite analysis may prove to be a better detection method than urinary cytology.

Chromosomal alterations have been associated with urothelial carcinoma. One encouraging test is a multitarget interphase FISH assay called UroVysion that consists of probes to the centromeres of chromosomes 3, 7, 17, and 9p21. Aneuploidy of chromosomes 3, 7, and 17 and deletion of chromosome 9 have been associated with high sensitivity and specificity to detect bladder cancer. Often, this is an anticipatory positive result with a positive finding preceding visual evidence of bladder tumor. The use of additional urine markers such as UroVysion (FISH), BTA, and NMP-22 in the initial diagnosis of bladder cancer is still controversial.

Mentioned above are false-positive and false-negative tests, so in each individual case, one have to differentiate between metastatic high-grade urothelial carcinoma and primary poorly differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (please read paper of A. Gruver et al published in Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012;136(11):1339-46. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0575-OA).

Best wishes,

Ilya Tsyrlov

Maybe it is to late but I think you can look at the following paper Microarray-  and metabolomics study:

PMID: 20059769 Microarray study

PMID: 24721970 Metabolomics Study

I hope it is useful...

Thank you every one for your suggestions. Yes i have TSP as an external reference and we haven't used used the EDA vials. Chenomx is not able to identify the peaks. Attaching the spectra of Rat serum albino wistar with extra peaks.

Actually, Pioglitazone keeps the beta cells of Pancreas under low pressure as it pushes some amount of glucose from the bloodstream into body cells. This means longer life of the beta cells of Pancreas or of Pancreas as a whole , and insulin shots may not be required. Sulfonylureas exert heavy pressure on Pancreas as they  make Pancreas produce insulin unceasingly, often leading to hypoglycemia especially during sleep. Use of Pioglitazone may require less sulfonylurea and thus keep the health of Pancreas good for a longer period of time. 

I am not a Medical Professional, but as a diabetic, I have gathered this information  through studies and from my friends who are doctors. 

Sibaprasad Dutta

Dear Bishoy,

You can contact Prof. Walter Berger (University of Vienna; Austria).

He is registered on RG.

Best regards

Robert

Please go for this paper;

The H19-IGF2 Role in Bladder Cancer

Biology and DNA-Based Therapy

The methodology may answer your queries.

The rodent is given a carcinogen, most commonly in the drinking water. BBN

(N -butyl-N- (4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine) is a carcinogen given to the rodents in a

concentration of 0.05% in the drinking water. It induces bladder tumors in 95% of the rodents after 25 weeks of administration (Okada et al., 1975). The tumors produced by the carcinogen resemble human bladder cancer in histology, etiology, and in kinetics (25 rat weeks equal 10 human years- the believed incubation period of human bladder cancer). Molecular events occurring during chemical carcinogenesis can be followed (Ariel et al.,

2004). Tumor development and the response to novel treatments can be assessed noninvasively, without scarifying the animal using ultrasonography (Gofrit et al., 2006). The main disadvantages of this model are necessity to handle a carcinogen and the long period required for tumor production.

Best of luck

The size of the study (no. of cases and controls) will depend on which causal effects you wish to detect, which degree of increased risk you wish to detect at which alpha level with which power. There are numerous reference to methods in RG answers including mine.

I assume you will be looking at things like aniline dyes, HIV, PAH, tobacco, alcohol, radiation therapy to other organs, general radiation and other chemicals..

you will also need some a priori estimates of likely effects for power studies., based on the literature.

Hi Katia,

We have had varying success with different cell lines and mouse strains for establishing orthotopic bladder tumors. There are also a mouse and rat immunocompetent models of bladder cancer that we actually use more frequently. We have had the most success a HCl then NaOH wash of the bladder before instilling the cells. You then need to let the cells sit in dwell for an hour while the mouse is anesthetized. We and others have also used Poly-L-Lysine treatment or a trypsin treatment of the bladder. Regardless of the method it is a pretty difficult procedure to get consistent tumor take. You also need some method to monitor the tumors like luciferase. Or for the rats we use an ultrathin cystoscope. What cell lines would you like to test? Feel free to contact me and I can send more information and pictures of our procedure setup.

Dear Ilya, 

Alcohol is included in these papers, check them out: 

The ES markers Nanog, Sox2 and Klf4 are relevant to CSC and can be used to differentiate stem versus non-stem cancer cells.  Please see our most recent paper using SmartFlare to detect CSC (you can download it in my profile).  Other relevant markers are players in the Wnt, notch or sonic hedgehog pathways as these are unregulated in most CSC.  Other surface markers are CXCR4 (Cd184) and MDR1 (CD243) and Muc1 (CD227).

Kind regards,

Steve

Do you mean using the machine Synergo or preheating the chemo?

I think that, at any rate, you should normalize it versus urinary creatinine concentration, which is a good measure for the urin's concentration and easily obtainable.

It is a good question 

In my practice, i Will perform a TURBT and postpone laser prostatectomy

The main reason is not waiting for histopathology but spillage of tumoral cells that theoritically could seed on prostatic respected fossa

Thank you very much for all the responses! I really appreciate it! We also think it may be due due to the lack of NKT cells in the host mice at the time of tumor injections. We injected tumor cells 7 weeks after irradiation and NKT cells require 12 weeks for the reconstitution. NKT cells have been shown to play a role in tumor immunity and CD1d-/- mice lacking NKT cells have been shown to display reduced tumor growth. (Swann J. et al, Immunology and Cell Biology, 2004; Terabe M., et al, Cancer Research, 2006). 

We are doing an epidemiological study on the effect of our flavonoid combo " Flavo-Natin" on the recurrence rate of colon adenomas after polypectomy. I will let you know about the results. What is your address for contacts?

Yes I do

ِDear Naomi

Let me know,have you any experience about the Holomonitor M4?

Sincerely

Ahad

Many markers for the detection of bladder cancers have been tested. In some studies the urine markers used in patient surveillance have on occasion been criticized for their low sensitivity in detecting disease.Otherwise, Olaf et al. showed in his review that Almost all urinary markers reported are better than cytology with regard to sensitivity, but they score lower in specificity. According to the author, The development of urinary markers for the detection of bladder cancers is a dynamic field. Therefore it is not possible to review all known markers, simply because of the numerous markers that are available and under investigation.

Please receive these links about Urinary Markers in Bladder Cancer. I hope that can help you with your search.

Which type of cancer?

A protocol that I used with success is the following: Approximately 15 ml of urine are centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 20 min; the pellet resuspended and washed three times with 1 ml of phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and then digested for 3–5 h at 56 °C in 150 μl of digestion buffer (50 mM Tris–HCl, pH 8.5; 1 mM EDTA; 1 % Triton X-100 and 0.5 % Tween 20) containing 200 μg/ml of Proteinase K. DNA is purified by phenol and phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) extraction and ethanol precipitation in 0.3 M sodium acetate (pH 4.6). (J Med Virol 2010)

Dear Yoon,

Exposure to chemicals especially aromatic amines e.g. benzidine may contribute to bladder cancer. Also, one of the most important cases is smoking. The prevalence of bladder cancer may differ according to drivers' age and work history.

Hello

There are three FDA approved diagnostic assays for bladder cancer. These are Nuclear Mitotic Protein (NMP22), Bladder Tumour Antigen (BTA) and Fibrinogen degradation product (FDP). Unfortunately none of these assays has sufficient diagnostic accuracy to replace cystoscopy. Interestingly, combining age and smoking years of patients has a diagnostic accuracy that is very similar to most current biomarkers as described in a Cancer paper by our group http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.26544/abstract