Biorefinery - Science topic

Thank you Olumoye Ajao Just exported the set. I saved it as a bkp file but as I tried to import it, an error message will pop up.

I recommend to investigate of introducing oxygenated compounds, manufactured from biological resources, like bioethanol and using these compounds as gasoline additives with base motor gasoline to produce high octane bioenvironmental motor gasoline

Promising biofuel should have higher calorific value, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and higher carbon and hydrogen content. The moisture content, ash content, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur content should be as low as possible.

There is a huge literature bunch of such, but you should concentrate on matching technologí to possible scale

Dear Christos K. Nitsos,

Novozymes and Genencor are the dominant producers in industrial enzymes. You can send your request by the following address and then they will answer.

https://ihsmarkit.com/products/chemical-technology-pep-industrial-enzymes-2002.html

https://ihsmarkit.com/forms/contactinformation.html?fid=184682

Dear Lorene Schibler ,

Indeed I found an answer (or at least a solution) for my question. Ecoinvent v3.5 (I guess in v3.4 also) now include an LCI for Enzymes.

Best regards

The general approach to energy consumption in mechanochemistry or dispersion is that energy is spent on plastic deformation and on the formation of a new surface, especially for nanoparticles. In order to reduce the value of the latter, add surfactants and other substances that contribute to the formation of the surface. The chemical aspect of obtaining substances is very individual. Free radicals, ions, plasmons (for metal nanoparticles) are formed on the surface.

There is still a long way to go before the biorefineries are technically, economically and environmentally feasible and developed, especially in the developing countries.

Hi there,

I would suggest either peat or lignite. Both have similar characteristics of typical biomass feedstocks such algae. Hope this helps.

Best regards,

BBN

The belowmentioned article includes references related to this aspect. Happy new year.

Feedstock improvement will reduce overall cost for production of raw materials as well as processing cost. NS : Feedstock improvement focussed on development of GM biofuel crops for higher biomass yield or designer biomass composition (ie., based on final products focussed in the biorefinery

Hi, Maria Alexandra!

i like this approach https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/279776/NIFUrapport2009-19.pdf?sequence=1

Jatropha, Pongamia and Mahua and almost all types of oil can be converted to Biodiesel: you can visit the following links for more information

1. http://biofuelkarnataka.in/ (brief information about biofuel production and Technology) OR

2. http://www.malnadoil.com/aboutus.htm

Those two websites may be useful to you.

I may suggest you this paper on biomachining.

Regards

5. Waheed, M., & Olusegun, S. (2012). ENGINE PERFORMANCE OF BIODIESEL FROM FEEDSTOCK FOR CLEANER ENVIRONMENT: A REVIEW. Present Environment & Sustainable Development, 6(2). ..this article not only downloaded sir .please download the article sir

From practical point of view: the flotation has rather low efficiency (a lot of produced biomass is lost).

We employ denitrification flotation for waste activated sludge thickening in full scalůe with succes. See the proces BIOFLOT.

Best regards

Vit

Dear Liliana, I would have joint this project proposals call that is of much interest for my research area. Regretfully, I see that this EU-funded program is addressed mainly to Latin-American and Caribbean countries but very few other countries. We are not on the eligible countries list for ERANet-LAC despite can join other ERANet programs. I hope for the next competitions the program ERANet-LAC will be enlarged to allow more countries to attend. Unfortunately we are allowed to join only as a self-financed partner but this is not possible for our research institution. I wish you good work to find a good team and apply a successful project!

It depends on your target. Comparative LCAs work very well. Establishing an environmental impact analysis for the life of a product is a different animal. LCA impact categories hide details. The methodology of the LCA, the approach, and the standardized impact categories, data bases are pretty useful.

I prefer to work with raw data, have the process map, analyze all emissions and impacts one by one, or choose the significant ones as indicators. For climate change impact I vot for using emission calculations instead of LCA.

Hi,

You may find our recently published waste biorefinery paper interesting and informatics

Developing waste biorefinery in Makkah: A way forward to convert urban waste into renewable energy

You may want to consider reading the reports of the IEA Biorefinery Task

Last year's report included a survey of ongoing biorefinery projects worldwide, including some examples of microalgae-based biorefineries.

One approach is by using pellets of biomass instead of loose biomass. The free water is not so limited in such cases. We get good results by AFEX treatment of biomass followed by pelleting followed by high solids hydrolysis

Hi.

I think firstly it depends on what the starting material is. For example biomass (lignocellulose biomass) has got different lignin concentrations in them. The first method would be of course to remove large amounts of lignin. This can be achieved by a chemical pulping process (Kraft or bisulphite...). Then you can follow a bleaching process to remove remaining lignin. After that then you acid hydrolyze your pulp to yield cellulose nanofibres. SUMMARY:

1. Pulping (Kraft, bisulphite, sulphate process)

2. Bleaching (Oxygen, Sodium Hydroxide, Chlorine)

3.. Acid hydrolysis (Hydrogen Chloride, Sulphuric acid)

This is just a rough method and I assume you start of with wood (raw material). If your starting material is different from this then another process can be employed.

Moshen,

The question of energy production is dependent upon the location of the sugar producing facility.  In some places, the electricity generated from burning is has more economic value to the community than alternative uses.  This is a local issue.

We have proposed using the bagasse and vinasse produced from a sugar mill to produce biochemicals.  Attached is a engineering estimate that these waste streams are worth more than the sugar produced.  Also attached is a paper that is scheduled for publication in June in the Journal of Sustainable Development titled "Products From Organic Waste Using Managed Ecosystem Fermentation"

Hello, we have some on-going research on downstream processing of (algal) biomass and algae cultivation. 

Check out this video:

Village Hub: nature conservation through sugar palms

and also this link:

A Rain Forest Advocate Taps the Energy of the Sugar Palm

Similar

22 Jun 2011 - Scientist Willie Smits believes that the Arenga sugar palm may be the key to protecting tropical forest in Indonesia while providing opportunity ...

The idea to use the sugar from a wild growing tree is good in principle, but the amount of wood burned to concentrate the sugar by evaporation makes the entire process unsustainable in the long run. Even though this project featured in the video attempts to rationalise the amount of wood used for evaporation of water (prior to fermentation and subsequent distillation), it only does so by centralising the effort and avoiding inefficient combustion by individual sugar farmers. It does not take away that water is one of the substances with the highest heat capacity on Earth and one of the highest latent energies required for phase transition from liquid to gas. It costs three time less energy to evaporate ethanol, so I question the approach to concentrate the sugar prior to fermentation.

Regarding oil palm, it is one of the most productive oil-plants on earth, far more productive than rapeseed, sunflower or soybean, but it is still more valuable as food source than fuel.

The best solvent is "no solvent" :-)...! Well, this is not possible in many cases, but it´s good keeping the idea in mind! As to the point which ones are really green or not, the answer is not universal because a solvent may be green from its operational point of view (e.g. many ionic liquids), but not green form the point of view of its synthesis and/or disposal. In my opinion, the most important to be considered is the issue of solvent recovery and re-use. If one can assure quantitative solvent recovery (no solvent loss) and long-term re-use, than problems associated with being more or less greener become less important.