Bionics - Science topic

There is always a problem with getting a wider and deeper understanding of the filed where we work, it takes decades to reach a reasonable overview. Hence, it is always good to dedicate some time to study neighboring or completely distant research areas that are related to the problem under the consideration. It often brings new insights and inspiration.

Complex systems are studying the types of problems you are mentioning in all scientific disciplines, including the biology and medicine. It would be good to read the following review:

https://www.researchgate.net/project/Complex-Systems-in-Physics-Biology-and-Medicine-Backgrounds-Understanding-Modeling-and-Software/update/6186589fb3729f0f619156ed

and other research shared there. Please, remember the term bio-inspired computing, self-organization, emergent behavior, self-repair, robustness, self-healing, self-replication, and similar terms. This all is researched within the scope of complex systems: computationally and theoretically.

I had written with co-authors one review on Complexity in biology and medicine, it might serve as another starting review in your search:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330546521_Complex_Systems_and_Their_Use_in_Medicine_Concepts_Methods_and_Bio-Medical_Applications

In recent time, in this and other mine projects occurred links to books, software, and research on robustness in biocomputing. Complex system project dealing with Medicine focuses mainly on experimental evidence of complexity phenomena.

Robustness should be understood in the following way, you have a computing medium that has high error rate (percents), yet the computation continue on without disruption. This approach can revolutionaries theory of computation in highly challenging and hardware damaging environments! Like in the space where computer chips get hit by high energy particles.

The great majority of above knee amputees have advanced peripheral vascular disease or diabetes. A much smaller population is due to birth defects or trauma. Patients with progressive systemic diseases are the least likely to continue prosthetic use. When progressive systemic disease patients are involved it has been my experience that light weight, simplicity in all aspects, and security are the primary prerequisites. Often the use of a manual locking knee, rigid frame/ flexible wall construction, silicone locking liner with lanyard, and flexible keel foot have been most successful for this group. Advantages of this componentry are easy adaptation by the patient with minimal therapy training and greatest security. Reduced anxiety and security against falls, light weight, and simplicity are key factors.

There is an interesting discussion at https://opedge.com/Articles/ViewArticle/2012-12_02

Dear Dr. Philipp Selenschik,

for example, most leaves that exhibit strong hydrophobicity have hierarchical surface roughness with micro- and nanostructures made of unwettable wax crystals. The roughness enhances the hydrophobic behavior, so that the water droplets on top tend to become nearly spherical.

For more details, I suggest you to have a look at the following papers:

-Influence of Surface Roughness on Superhydrophobicity

C. Yang, U. Tartaglino,and B. N. J. Persson

PRL97,116103 (2006)

Available at: http://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/53839/files/84512.pdf

-Size Effects of Surface Roughness to Superhydrophobicity

Quanshui Zheng, Cunjing Lü

Procedia IUTAM, Vol. 10, Pages 462-475 (2014)

Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221098381400042X

and at: https://tinyurl.com/yymbl5wc

Best regards, Pierluigi Traverso.

The more I understand the biomechanis of the human hand, the high efficiancy of the tendons, nerves, muscles, ligaments, joints etc. the more I have a high respect of this wonder - the hand - and I have a great respect to those people who try to build a bionic hand.

I agree with the colleague about the way to solve the smell problem

Yea.. you can make it.. same like interfacing the sensor, interface the ecg module with arduino which s available in the market

It is a very interested question these links may help you

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51759015_Bionic_prosthetic_hands_A_review_of_present_technology_and_future_aspirations

I agree with Stephen, we are treating our body as a machine & repair its parts using the bio medical engineering & surgical techniques. We now also have mechanical device like Cardiac Valve & other such devices to bring the functions of organs in human body to normal.

Dear Abdul,

I think the following recent papers will help you:

McAdams BH, Rizvi AA. An Overview of Insulin Pumps and Glucose Sensors for the Generalist. J Clin Med 2016;5(1).pii:E5. http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/5/1/5/htm

El-Khatib FH, Balliro C, Hillard MA, Magyar KL, Ekhlaspour L, Sinha M, Mondesir D, et al. Home use of a bihormonal bionic pancreas versus insulin pump therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre randomised crossover trial. Lancet 2017;389(10067):369-380. http://sites.bu.edu/bionicpancreas/files/2016/12/El-Khatib_etal_2016_Lancet.pdf

Russell SJ, Hillard MA, Balliro C, Magyar KL, Selagamsetty R, Sinha M, Grennan K, Mondesir D, Ehklaspour L, Zheng H, Damiano ER, El-Khatib FH. Day and night glycaemic control with a bionic pancreas versus conventional insulin pump therapy in preadolescent children with type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016;4(3):233-43. http://sites.bu.edu/bionicpancreas/files/2016/02/Russell-Lancet-Diabetes.pdf

El-Khatib FH, Russell SJ, Magyar KL, Sinha M, McKeon K, Nathan DM, Damiano ER. Autonomous and continuous adaptation of a bihormonal bionic pancreas in adults and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;99(5):1701-11. http://sites.bu.edu/bionicpancreas/files/2014/07/El-Khatib_etal_2014.pdf

Russell SJ, El-Khatib FH, Sinha M, Magyar KL, McKeon K, Goergen LG, Balliro C, Hillard MA, Nathan DM, Damiano ER. Outpatient glycemic control with a bionic pancreas in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2014;371(4):313-325. http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1314474

Best wishes from Germany,

Martin

Bevelled bone end + adequate thickness of myoplasty should do the trick. Implant on the bone end is not necessary especially if the prosthesis is not designed to receive weight transmission through the end stump. If we worry about bad soft tissue surrounding the bone end, putting an implant on that area will create more problems, such as rapid implant wear, infections. Higher amputation level with good soft tissue should be put into consideration.

Please see attached.  If you find it useful, I used these closed form solutions in implementing machine problems in this paper.

Please cite it if you find it useful and as a means of acknowledging my help.

Dear Benjamin,

I am affraid there is no way around. The contact angle according to Young is an equilibrium quantity. Both rCA and aCA are non-equilibrium quantites, which depend on surface heterogenities (both physical and chemical). The knoweladge of the "average" equilibrium value does not contain any information on non-equilibrium values around.

with my best,

George

Hi...I am not sure you came across this report..Any-ways have a look...

I am not into cost issue, but it appears to me for a blind person, any visual input seems a benefit.... Sources to check are:

• EpiRet III Implantat, 25 Channels, Uni Marburg

• Boston Retinal Implant, Bionic Eye Technologies, Inc. and Visus Technology, Inc., subretinal implantation

• Pixium, 49 channels, former Stanford Optoelectronics Group, now Intelligent Medical Implants

• Nidek Multichip, 64 channels 

• Osaka Implant, Dept of Visual Science, Uni Osaka, trans-choroidal stimulation

• „Phoenix 99 Bionic Eye“, Bionic Vision Australia, in collaboration Cochlea Limited, sub-choroidal implantation

• Retina Implant AG and Prof. Zrenner Tübingen: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/280/1757/20130077

• and of course the commercially available Argus II by Second Sight.

Please post when you learn about pricing ;-) 

Try this guy, Dr. Peter Grey: "Inspired by shark skin Another famous (and controversial) example was the design of a new swimsuit material inspired by shark skin. Under an electron microscope, shark skin is found to comprise many overlapping scales, called dermal denticles, that have grooves along their length parallel to the direction of the water flow as the shark moves through the water. These enable water to pass over the shark more smoothly by disrupting the formation of small eddies on the skin surface that would otherwise create ‘drag’. Clever scientists then replicated the concept of ‘dermal denticles’ into high-technology swimwear fabrics. The fabrics increase the swimmer's glide through the water and reduce the absorption of water by the suit. In fact the application was so successful that the swimsuits received a lot of publicity during the 2008 Summer Olympics and the sport’s governing body eventually banned the materials because of their effect on swim times. My company, 3M, has also used these features of shark skin to create drag-reduction riblets. Again, these take advantage of the reduced drag associated with the directional dermal denticles. Drag-reduction riblet films have been employed to reduce drag on wind turbine blades, Formula 1 racing cars, aeroplane wings and fuselages and even on the hulls of racing yachts. The same principle has been applied to a type of line used in fly fishing. Called the Scientific Anglers Sharkskin Series of fly fishing lines, they allow fly fishers to cast further with less effort and with less line tangling. Rather than being smooth like other fishing lines, Sharkskin has a micro-textured surface to reduce drag and so improve accuracy when casting. - See more at: http://australianmuseum.net.au/Inspired-by-nature#sthash.tv2cTSQ2.dpuf"