Biology - Science topic

I am a student of biotechnology and an independent SARS CoV-2 researcher from India. For finding the academia research status and analysis of the integration of innovation with research, I have created a set of Multiple choice type questions about your experience as a researcher. The google form requires nothing but your honesty and openness for research. Feel free to ask questions and DM. The questions will assist in gauging the level of innovation and writing in academia.

If possible, please do forward this little form to your fellow researchers and other amazing scientists. I would be highly grateful.

https://forms.gle/cufB7Uc6BgYQe9Xa8

Thank you

To save life in desminopathy, can the body purposefully reduce muscle mass, for example, due to decreased heart function or for another reason?

It is known that when hypothermia, the body sacrifices limbs for survival. Is it possible with desminopathy a similar phenomenon?

Human activities have greatly changed the natural environment since the Industrial Revolution. Have migratory birds changed their migration routes? Why can migratory birds do this?

Does the DNA remain stable or degrade at this temperature? Would there be any difference in thermal stability between supercoiled and linear forms of say, 3 kb plasmid.

Hello everyone,

I did the assembly of chloroplast genomes for some Boraginaceae species, in a few species, I got an orientation problem where the rbcl gene position is within the circular shape in a clockwise direction, and the atpB and atpE genes position is are outside the circular shape in the anti-clockwise direction (please see the picture), and this is a different result from most assemblies of chloroplast genomes that have been published !!!. (usually, the rbcl gene is outside the circular shape and in the anti-clockwise direction while the atpB and atpE genes are within the circular shape and in a clockwise direction)

I am using Chlorobox to draw the gene map after Novoplast finishes the assembly, this issue happened with only two of 7 samples, the two samples are from the same family !!!, I change the seed and reference many times and still got the same result.

Any idea what I need to fix this?

Thanks!

Hi,

I wonder if anyone knows how to use sample release reagent from Sansure Biotech ?

The 2023 ranking is available through the following link:

QS ranking is relatively familiar in scientific circles. It ranks universities based on the following criteria:

1- Academic Reputation

2- Employer Reputation

3- Citations per Faculty

4- Faculty Student Ratio

5- International Students Ratio

6- International Faculty Ratio

7- International Research Network

8- Employment Outcomes

- Are these parameters enough to measure the superiority of a university?

- What other factors should also be taken into account?

Please share your personal experience with these criteria.

I was able to study biology but not enough to understand the difference between B-phycoerythrin and R-phycoerythrin. Quite "simply" could someone answer to this question? Can we switch from one form to another? :)

Hello everyone:

Like Darwin reading Malthus "for amusement", I've been reading the 2nd chapter, "Systematics and Evolution", of the 3rd edition of "Vertebrate Biology", by Donald W. Linzey (2020).

When reading the section on "Species and Speciation" in this chapter, and more specifically when reading about the founder effect and its relationship with the origin of new species, I found the following sentence: "(...) speciation can proceed rapidly since only a portion of the original gene pool is normally present in the small, newly relocated population, and NATURAL SELECTION CAN WORK MORE QUICKLY ON SMALLER GENE POOLS" (capital letters are mine).

To the best of my knowledge, mathematical models of natural selection include parameters like relative fitness and/or selection coefficients, whereas population size is included in models for the evolutionary effects of random genetic drift.

So, do you have any idea on the reasons why natural selection could go faster in small populations (i.e., small gene pools)?

Any help will be welcome. Best regards, and thanks in advance:

Jose.

Hi! I am a 3rd year biology student, and currently working on my undergraduate thesis, which has an objective to determine the presence of metallothioneins on several candidates from different microalgae genera. But, I don't have a background on various bioinformatics tool, may I ask if you know any software that could possible help me achieve my study's motive? Thank you

If I wanted to introduce a foreign protein into the human stomach without it getting cleaved up by proteases such as trypsin, how would I do so?

Complex systems are becoming one of very useful tools in the description of observed natural phenomena across all scientific disciplines. You are welcomed to share with us hot topics from your own area of research.

Nowadays, no one can encompass all scientific disciplines. Hence, it would be useful to all of us to know hot topics from various scientific fields.

Discussion about various methods and approaches applied to describe emergent behavior, self-organization, self-repair, multiscale phenomena, and other phenomena observed in complex systems are highly encouraged.

In my previous question I suggested using the Research Gate platform to launch large-scale spatio temporal comparative researches.

The following is the description of one of the problems of pressing importance for humanitarian and educational sectors.

For the last several decades there has been a gradual loss in quality of education on all its levels . We can observe that our universities are progressively turning into entertaining institutions, where students parties, musical and sport activities are valued higher than studying in a library or working on painstaking calculations.

In 1998 Vladimir Arnold (1937 – 2010), one of the greatest mathematicians of our times, in his article “Mathematical Innumeracy Scarier Than Inquisition Fires” (newspaper “Izvestia”, Moscow) stated that the power players didn’t need all the people to be able to think and analyze, only “cogs in machines,” serving their interests and business processes. He also wrote that American students didn’t know how to sum up simple fractions. Most of them sum up numerator and denominators of one simple fraction with the ones of the other, i.e. as they did it, 1/2+ 1/3 according to their understand is equal to 2/5 . Vladimir Arnold pointed out that with this kind of education, students can’t think, prove and reason – they are easy to turn into a crowd, to be easily manipulated by cunning politicians because they don’t usually understand causes and effects of political acts. I would add, for myself, that this process is quite understandable and expected because computers, internet and consumer society lifestyle (with its continuous rush for more and newer commodities we are induced to regard as a healthy behavior) have wiped off young people’s skills in elementary logic and eagerness to study hard. And this is exactly what the consumer economics and its bosses, the owners of international businesses and local magnates, need.

I recall a funny incident that happened in Kharkov (Ukraine). One Biology student was asked what “two squared” was. He answered that it was the number 2 inscribed into a square.

The level and the scale of education and intellectual decline described can be easily measured with the help of the Research Gate platform. It could be appropriate to test students’ logic abilities, instead of guess-the-answer tests which have taken over all the universities within the framework of Bologna Process which victorious march on the territories of former Soviet states. Many people can remember the fact that Soviet education system was one of the best in the world. I have therefore suggested the following tests:

1. In a Nikolai Bogdanov-Belsky (1868-1945) painting “Oral accounting at Rachinsky's People's school”(1895) one could see boys in a village school at a mental arithmetic lesson. Their teacher, Sergei Rachinsky (1833-1902), the school headmaster and also a professor at the Moscow University in the 1860s, offered the children the following exercise to do a mental calculation (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BogdanovBelsky_UstnySchet.jpg?uselang=ru):

(10 х 10 + 11 х 11 + 12 х 12 + 13 х 13 + 14 х 14) / 365 = ?

(there is no provision here on Research Gate to write square of the numbers,thats why I have writen through multiplication of the numbers )

19th century peasant children with basted shoes (“lapti”) were able to solve such task mentally. This year, in September, this very exercise was given to the senior high school pupils and the first year students of a university with major in Physics and Technology in Kyiv (the capital of Ukraine) and no one could solve it.

2. Exercise of a famous mathematician Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855): to calculate mentally the sum of the first one hundred positive integers:

1+2+3+4+…+100 = ?

3. Albrecht Dürer’s (1471-1528) magic square (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_square)

The German Renaissance painter was amazed by the mathematical properties of the magic square, which were described in Europe firstly in Spanish (the 1280s) and Italian (14th century) manuscripts. He used the image of the square as a detail for in his Melancholia I painting , which was drawn in 1514, and included the numbers 15 and 14 in his magic square:

16 3 2 13

5 10 11 8

9 6 7 12

4 15 14 1

Ask your students to find regularities in this magic square. In case this exercise seems hard, you can offer them Lo Shu (2200 BC) square, a simpler variant of magic square of the third order (minimal non-trivial case):

4 9 2

3 5 7

8 1 6

4. Summing up of simple fractions.

According to Vladimir Arnold’s popular articles, in the era of computers and Internet, this test becomes an absolute obstacle for more and more students all over the world. Any exercises of the following type will be appropriate at this part:

3/7 + 7/3 = ? and 5/6 + 7/15=?

I think these four tests will be enough. All of them are for logical skills, unlike the tests created under Bologna Process.

Dear colleagues, professors and teachers,

You can offer these tasks to the students at your colleges and universities and share the results here, at the Research Gate platform, so that we all can see the landscape of the wretchedness and misery resulted from neoliberal economics and globalization.

Every time i working with hyaluronic acid I got some bubbles inside gel. It desn't matter in lab and do not affect on the acid. Few days ago I saw syringe (with a needle) with clear hyaluronic acid without any bubbles. Friend send me a photo of bottle with the product without bubbles too. How do they made it??? I was trying vacuum suction but did not get proper effect.

Hello everyone, any system can be thought of as a collection of its fundamental building blocks. There are well defined fundamental parts in certain systems (attached image) like the basis vectors for a vector space or the 5 fundamental tastes. Then there are systems where the fundamental parts aren't as well defined but we can still think of the best candidate parts for such systems. For example,

Which principal or fundamental parts can be thought of as the building blocks of fruits and vegetables? I can think of a few:

Can we come up with a master list of all possible principal components which are the bare minimum to construct any fruit or vegetable?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A rephrasing of the question to make it a bit clearer:

Imagine you have the power to create any fruit/vegetable out of thin air (F&Vman). What minimum amount of data would you need to make a specific fruit/vegetable with your power? (let's use apple as an example for the discussion)

You want to earn a living by doing this so you wish to standardize the process. For that, you need an exact list of basic/fundamental characteristics of F&V (both, regarding their physicality and their chemical make-up) from your customers that can be used to make almost any, if not all, F&V.

That list is what I'm looking for.

Compiled allometric data might help to detect scaling patterns.

Or similarities in the scaling relationships might suggest connections otherwise too subtle to find.

Does such a list exist?

Does such a list exist for biological phenomena?

If such lists do not exist should they?

Hello everyone,

I need help understanding whether my two groups are paired or not.

I am collecting data from one group of cells. We have developed two different workflows (let's call them A, and B) for data analysis. We want to test whether these two workflows give the 'same' results for the same set of cells.

At the end, I obtain:

I have been considering the two groups as independent because the two workflows do not interfere with each other. However, the fact that both workflows operate on the same cells is throwing me off and I am wondering if these groups are actually paired.

Could you advise me on this and on what test is best to use?

The hypothesis for the test would be:

Thank you.

GN

Over the last few months, I have come across several posts on social media where scientists/researchers even Universities are flaunting their ranking as per AD Scientific Index https://www.adscientificindex.com/.

When I clicked on the website, I was surprised to discover that they are charging a fee (~24-30 USD) to add the information of an individual researcher.

So I started wondering if it's another scam of ‘predatory’ rankings.

Dear friends, I am a master's student in biology. Now I need to added drug to the medium after being diluted into PBS. How much PBS can be added to the medium without affecting the cell growth. The medium I use is DMEM and 10% serums

Example:

1. You use Material 1 in Biology and after using it, you recycle it in Chemistry to come up with Material 2.

2. You use Material 1 in Biology and then its product is used in Chemistry, Physics, Earth Science.

3. Or any related activities that make use of similar or related ideas.

If you can share also your related studies, I highly appreciate it. Thanks!

Like I want to prepare a senior secondary Biology Subject curriculum block for instruction.

I need the block format, the contents examples etc

As far as I know it has been dismissed as a closed cased of the history of science having no defenders left. However, that's not the feeling I get when the issue comes up in private discussions. I'm wondering if I have missed something, and if and how vitalism (or some refined modern form of it) is still considered to be a viable option by some biologists?

Most biologists and philosophers understand vitalism as the doctrine of the entelechy, originally proposed by the German biologist Hans Driesch in the early twentieth century. According to Driesch, entelechies were nonmaterial, bio-specific agents responsible for governing a few peculiar biological phenomena. Current attitudes towards vitalism and the doctrine of the entelechy are almost universally negative. Numerous biologists and philosophers today endorse this metaphysical refutation of vitalism. For them, since all events and processes in the world, from the metaphysical point of view, must be identical or reducible to some material (or physical) events and processes, there is no room for nonmaterial agents such as entelechies. The addition of the information instead of the concept of entelechy will change the perspective on vitalism.,

Hello,

my name is Carolin Fischer, a sociology student from the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena. I am currently writing my Bachelor's Thesis in the field of Cultural and Environmental Sociology. As this will be a qualitative study on environmental topics I am looking for interview partners, who work (or used to work) in the field of environmental and climate change research. The interviews will be held via video chat either in German or English.

If you're interested in being interviewed and in helping me with my thesis please feel free to contact me via Research Gate or mail: fischer.carolin@uni-jena.de

Thank you and kind regards,

Carolin

Can you please suggest what could be the possible reasons for the confirmation of only 4 out of 13 genes (by qPCR), not all 13? Have anyone observed the same ChIP-qPCR validation issues? Any PubMed suggestion would be great. Thank you for your help in advance.

For thinking - in regard to overtaking "believes, dogmas"

Blind adoption of believes, dogmas by people in populations (Psychology of the Crowd, by Gustave Le Bon) seems to be psychologically coupled and physically from a social scientific point of view explainable:

here, too, synchronization within masses occurs

- and it seems also in accordance to the Kuramoto model.

For this, only a corresponding marketing strategy, seems to be necessary (applied maths / physics).

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Basis:  Yoshiki Kuramoto assumed in 1975 that there is a weak relationship (better coupling) of oscillating systems (oscillators) and that these are almost identical. Kuramoto found that mathematically between each pair of coupled oscillators, their interaction is sinusoidally dependent on the respective phase difference, resulting into the so-called *Kuramoto Model* This even can be illustrated using initially non-synchronous metronomes, which in the course (under certain conditions: moveable surface) synchronize themselves.

This even seems a basic model in nature, biology, chemistry, physics and/or social sciences: – synchronizing of coupled systems:

– collective flasing of fireflies [Buck 1988]

– collective oscillation of pancreatic beta cells [Sherman 1991]

– the heartbeat synchronized with ventilation [Schäfer 1998]

– pedestrian induced oscillations on bridges [Strogatz 2005]

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References

-Kuramoto, Yoshiki (1975) Self-entrainment of a population of coupled non-linear oscillators. In: Araki H (eds.) International Symposium on Mathematical Problems in Theoretical Physics, Lecture Notes in Physics, Volume 39, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg. DOI: 10.1007/BFb0013365.

-Buck J (1988) Synchronous rhythmic flashing of fireflies, IIi. Q Rev Biol (63)3), 265–289. DOI: 10.1086/415929.

-Sherman A, Rinzel J (1991) Model for synchronization of pancreatic betacells by gap junction coupling. Biophysical journal 59(3), 547–559. DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3495(91)82271-8.

-Schäfer C, Rosenblum MG, Kurths J, Abel HH (1998) Heartbeat synchronized with ventilation, Nature 392(6673), 239–240. DOI: 10.1038/32567.

-Strogatz SH, Abrams DM, McRobie A, Eckhardt B, Ott E (2005) Theoretical mechanics: Crowd synchrony on the millennium bridge, Nature 438(7064), 43–44. DOI: 10.1038/43843a.

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Credit 'spontaneous synchronization of metronomes' video

https://bit.ly/3IdjYkA

#psychology #synchronization #nature #physics #chemistry #biology

"The general notion of an “RNA World” is that, in the early development of life on the Earth, genetic continuity was assured by the replication of RNA and genetically encoded proteins were not involved as catalysts. There is now strong evidence indicating that an RNA World did indeed exist before DNA- and protein-based life. However, arguments regarding whether life on Earth began with RNA are more tenuous. It might be imagined that all of the components of RNA were available in some prebiotic pool and that these components assembled into replicating, evolving polynucleotides without the prior existence of any evolved macromolecules. A thorough consideration of this “RNA-first” view of the origin of life must reconcile concerns regarding the intractable mixtures that are obtained in experiments designed to simulate the chemistry of the primitive Earth. Perhaps these concerns will eventually be resolved, and recent experimental findings provide some reason for optimism. However, the problem of the origin of the RNA World is far from being solved, and it is fruitful to consider the alternative possibility that RNA was preceded by some other replicating, evolving molecule, just as DNA and proteins were preceded by RNA." - Robertson and Joyce

[This is as per the explanation by Michael P Robertson and Gerald F Joyce in the article: "The origins of the RNA world." published in the Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 4, a003608 (2012).]

Yesterday I have read a news stating that The embryo fossil, nicknamed “Baby Yingliang,” was discovered in Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province in southern China, and is believed to be at least 66 million years old. Researcher Dr. Fion Waisum Ma told the AFP news agency that the discovery is “the best dinosaur embryo ever found in history” (globalnews, 2021).

Although there were several discoveries of Dinosaur components such as:

Eggs

DNAs from thier remains

are frequently being discovered, Since the biotechnology development is in its Zenith at 2022, Why nobody has attempted to create a dinosaur?

I consider doing research relating biomechanics to the quality of food people eat, but the methodology to access what people eat seems a strong limitation. Questionnaires/surveys seem to be the way, but the accuracy of the information may be questionable, and the reported habits may not necessarily explain the current biology of the cohort. How do you all approach investigating the quality/quantity of food intake?

I'm curious to know your thoughts!

Dear colleagues, our lab is having a new project in synovial fluid processing. We need filtered from all the cells SF.

Does anyone have experience in filtering the SF sample through 0.22 um filters? If it is possible to isolate the cells and keep them (maybe in case of filtering via a vacuum system, not via just syringe and filter).

One more question: what is your typical protocol to get synovial fluid cells spun?

Best regards,

Mariia, PhD in Biology, Ukraine

Hi Academics,

Kindly could you clarify the meaning of the term " Researcher"?

Best.

Hi everyone,

I seed MCF-7 cells (15000 cell/well) into 96-well plates using DMEM with 10% FBS. They seem equally distributed after seeding. However, after 24h incubation they kind of clump into each other and does not show their usual morphology. They just look very weird, I don't know how to describe it so please see the attached photo.They grow perfectly fine in flask with same growth medium (second photo, 24h incubation after splitting).

I do this procedure for 3 years and never had a problem like this. It would be highly appreciated if you could comment what can cause this.

Thank you

I'm looking for journals in the field of biology/ecology or on the topic of plastic pollution that publish short article types: a short communication or a natural history note for example. I have a few of these spin-off stories from my main research, which are interesting enough to publish but don't come close to a full research article. All suggestions would be welcome!

Is it possible to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Biological and Medical Sciences to search databases for potential candidate drugs/genes to solve global problems without first performing animal studies?

Taxonomy (a branch of biology), for example, is a basic science discipline that primarily deals with the identification, classification, and nomenclature of plants. It also contributes to biodiversity and conservation. However, it has been largely overlooked in recent times due to the fact that it has been unable to grow broader impacts or, maybe, due to other emerging applied fields. This question is being posed to discuss the broader impacts of basic sciences in general, and taxonomy in particular.

How are "levels" of thought or processing validly seen as hierarchical? This turns out to be a very basic and important question, BECAUSE most often behavior Researcher(s) decide what is at one "level" and what is involved with another "level" and a [supposed] relationship is seen that is thought to be hierarchical (one level using the previous ones (which is fine and good), <- BUT all these "levels" are also seen subjectively). This is a damned poor way of classifying, if [supposedly] for science purposes: it is quite arbitrary and subjective (and task dependent). WHAT'S THE ANSWER?

For those who understand Piaget, the better Answer for what are hierarchical "levels" is: there is a hierarchy developing/unfolding/emerging where qualitative (big differences) in processing occur AND .... This also clearly indicates the Subject 'sees' differently .... The only strictly empirical way to account for all this is that a new "level" involves seeing more or different things or significantly seeing certain things ANEW (in a different way); all those possibilities, in Ethogram Theory, are explained by perceptual shifts (at the beginnings or inceptions of a new level). AND: This also more than strongly indicates that at each new level MORE types of objects/actions are involved.

THUS, for there to be a true empirical hierarchy, SOMETHING (_OR_ type of thing) NOT PRESENT BEFORE IS ADDED (in an objectively verifiable way).

Those who "define" hierarchies without this requirement have lost touch with empirical grounding and have lost touch with science itself. (In Psychology science (like with other real sciences): The SUBJECT, specifically BEHAVIOR PATTERNS, define ALL !; the Researcher(s) merely using his/their own imaginative thought/"analysis" DEFINES NOTHING. Try to remember that the organism, in all aspects of its behaving (including behavior (behavior patterns themselves, per se)) IS ORGANISMIC; if this does not "show", then you are off track and almost certainly in a way that will NOT SELF-CORRECT (as good science does).)

All the above is very much related to questions of concepts being concrete or "abstract" (INTEGRAL to the issue , in fact); AND, not understanding true ontogeny (cognitive development in childhood) leaves "levels of abstraction" in confusion (a pseudo-mystery, seen generously as simply [supposedly] a mystery .)

Hello!

I isolated some T-cells with some very interesting TCRs from primary cultures. I sent them to Genewiz to get chromium single cell TCR sequencing done, however the sample viability was super low. I sent them 8 more vials so that they could do a dead cell removal and then isolate the live population and perform single cell sequencing on the remaining cells. The sequencing results show that whatever is left over after DCR is most likely another contaminant cell type, not a TCR. I now only have one vial left, so whatever I choose to do next is very critical and essentially has to work the first try.

At this point I dont care about chain pairing, I can piece that back together afterwards by trial and error, I just want to get some data from these cells. I was wondering if anyone knows if I can thaw my cells directly into RNA later and then do either normal NGS or another single cell sequencing method to get any info on the TCR sequences? Should I just amplify the TCR regions on thawing with some kind of primer pool and then send that for NGS? In general, what's the most robust process for getting out TCR information from low viability samples?

Some other notes:

1. I didnt personally do the T cell isolation but my thinking is they were pretty much exhausted at the time of freezing which is why we have viability issues on thawing

2. They were frozen in 10% glycerol + 10% FBS in a Mr Frosty at -80C and then maintained in LN2 and shipped on dry ice.

3. Observed viability is ~30% on thawing however this could just be the contaminant cell population....

I propose the following idea.

1. attach ions to a virus

2. localize it with ion trap

3. burn a hole in the middle thus destroying DNA

4. put in water

I would like to hear both physicists and biologists? Is this possible?

I know that several genes come one after the other under a single promoter in an operon, but what is exactly between those genes? Does the start codon of the second ORF come right after the ORF of the first gene? If there is a specific example with the dna sequence, that would be great.

Also, does an operon always require an operator?

If I have an experience but no certificate in Machine Learning, and have both experience and certifcate in Medicine (Urology) ... and want to publish a peper that include an interaction between these 2 feilds, in either Urology or CS journals. Should i add a coauthor who is certified in Data science or CS? ... if not, Would it be necessary to prove my competency in ML by any means?

The Fig2A of the paper shows that a tiling library of a gene was prepared containing 50bp fragments. The fragments span over the entire gene sequence incrementing about 7bp from each other. Later this sample was used to study the sequence dependence on DNA bendability over genome scale. This is a very interesting study but I am unable to figure out how the tiling library was prepared. Is it done by preparing a sequences for primer pool for every fragment and ordering them? Can we prepare a tiling library with any amount of spacing between them? Please let me know if you have any idea.

Ref: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03052-3

In a patient with hereditary desminopathy (mutation Thr341Pro DES in the heterozygous state) over the past three years, an increase in the blood uric acid level up to 440-480 µmol / l was established by 1.5 times (the norm is 428.4 µmol / l). With the progression of the disease, the level has risen and is above normal. It is known that uric acid is an antioxidant. Is it necessary to reduce the level of uric acid? The patient has no problems with the joints.

In my personal experience I have find the higher rate of sprouting when fresh cow dung is applied on the top side of cutting what might be its reason.

Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic remodeling, which are closely linked and reciprocally regulate each other, are among the well-known cancer hallmarks. Studies have reported use of Onco-metabolites to metabolically reprogram the epigenetic of cancer. I was wondering what might be major limitations of such techniques?

Hello.

I would like to check cell changes by culturing T cells isolated from PBMC in amino acid-rich or deficient medium. How long should I culture in rich and deficient mediums to check cell changes?

It is also a concern whether it should be cultured in rich/deficient medium from the beginning, or whether it should be cultured in normal medium at first and then moved to culture them.

I'm sorry that my English is not good! Please give me a lot of answers! :)

Global warming affects many processes in biological ecosystems.

Different species of flora and fauna change their habitats and geographical areas according to climate change and specific geographical environments.

Areas of occurrence of specific species, for example insects in terrestrial areas and fish and arthropods in the seas and oceans, change.

For example bird habitats change, so migrations of some bird species may also be subject to modification. In the situation when forest areas dry out and turn into steppes and deserts, changes in natural habitats and areas of occurrence of species change and concern simultaneously many species of flora and fauna.

Do you agree with me on the above matter?

In the context of the above issues, I am asking you the following question:

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

I want to count these fragments for image analysis of autolysis. Please suggest good software, it is so critical in my work.

Having a background in health science I am aware that the term "interphase" is a biological one which describes a stage of cell division. Specifically it is defined as the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.

This may be compared to a materials science definition for "interface" as the region formed when two phases (systems) are in contact through which the intensive properties of one phase transfer to the other.

When I would read "SEI" defined as solid electrolyte interphase in papers within my current field, I would always have a quiet giggle to myself and wonder how it gets past the editors, even in high impact publications. But I recently found myself forced to reassess my position, after digging around in foundational work on the SEI thing by Peled et al (1979). This paper has "interphase" in its title, and I believe there are peers who consider this to be the original work defining SEI. An excerpt from the paper:

So the discussion is this, if these authors coined the term SEI, shouldn't it be acceptable for us as materials scientists to misappropriate "interphase" for our own purposes, and to hold our ground on it? On the other hand, what is science without clarity in our terminology? And how is "interphase" in a materials context saying anything more or less than the previously defined term "interface"?

The one thing I feel confident about is that we shouldn't be reading interchangeable definitions for the same thing, just depending on the source. Let alone seeing it arbitrarily interchanged within a single source - yes I have read individual papers where SEI is both "interphase" and "interface"...

Hello. I received a compound with molecular weight 453.292 and the only mass information for it is 1 micromol. This is very confusing because usually chemicals have a mass in grams or milligrams. I do not know how to calculate from this. I need to make up either 10mM or 1mM of the compound. Please can someone show me your calculation for either obtaining a final concentration of 10mM or 1mM (please show calculations for both, as i havent decided which one to make yet), how much DMSO I will need to use. Thank you

I am carrying out a research on science self efficacy and meta variables as correlates of biology achievement among secondary school students

This thread is for those who want to know how to calculate Research Interest (RI) and participate in this validation study. *** Welcome to the validation study of my formula for Research Interest (RI) on the RG site! Details are in the first reply in this discussion.

We know that the brain sends and directs meaningful messages to control the patient's cells.

as we know, The brain is affected by factors such as diseases And we know that the brain also controls other organs of the body.nevertheless,Damage to the CELLS is visible on eeg?

Is Cancer Effective In EEG?

I'm doing a research project where we are testing different methods of fluorescent live/dead stains and we need to kill some strawberry and potato roots so we can stain them. The only method we know will work well is boiling them in 70-80 degree water, have any other ideas?

thanks!

Context: Biology, Anticancer, Cell Signaling, Medicinal Chemistry, Apoptosis

How should the systems of nature protection and biodiversity of natural ecosystems be dispersed in order to increase the effectiveness of these systems and reduce the scale of degradation of the natural environment?

What do you think should be improved in nature conservation systems and biodiversity of natural ecosystems in addition to just increasing financial outlays on nature conservation policies conducted by government agencies and ministries of the environment?

A significant part of financial expenditures of nature conservation and biodiversity policy is devoted to the promotion of nature protection and natural environment protection issues. However, the effectiveness of this type of promotional campaigns is low, because without applying legal restrictions, enterprises do not change their technologies to be more ecological if they do not see in this business realized in a short time. Even the occasional UN climate summits in which government representatives from the majority of countries take part do not cause significant real changes in the policy of nature protection and biodiversity? Usually, the largest industrial economies in the world do not sign the obligations of rapid reduction of greenhouse gases and the issue of increasing spending on environmental innovation in the energy sector. Why, despite the growing scale of public awareness, there is no significant improvement in the implementation of nature conservation and biodiversity policy, there are no real measures that would result in a significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the slowing of the global warming process?

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

Introduce a database that predicts lncRNA and gene(mRNA) interactions. Thanks

Teaching biology.

Practices and strategies in teaching biology. 

Usually in our university we recommend the book of Schoonhoven et al., 2005 "Insect-Plant Biology", and of Karban, 2015 "plant sensing and communication", however, this year we are looking for any other recent good books published on these topics.

Please could you know some?

A performance task? A standardized test? Or some other means? Why?

During my first year of M. Sc. of Biology this year (2021), I did an exercise to learn how to write a grant proposal.

I wanted to do it on a topic which seem "taboo" : HUMAN OVERPOPULATION.

Could you share some references about this topic please ?

Like Climate Change, I think this topic is very urgent to discuss, to treat.

I share my modest, naive and fictive work on it.

Thanks for your collaboration.

there are various bioinformatics tools that show the patients' mortality rate related to gene expression such as prognoscan! if you know other bioinformatics platforms or approaches please let me know!!!

regards

I'd love to see a rough sketch of how the task would go.

During promotion application, there seems to have increasing emphasis not only on the impact factor of the journal you publish, but also its RANK in a particular field. Does it affect your choice of which journal you submit your work (as an example, a journal with a JIF of 9 can be regarded as top 5 percentile in the category of "Biology" but only top 20 percentile in "Cell Biology")?

The current technological revolution, known as Industry 4.0, is determined by the development of the following technologies of advanced information processing: Big Data database technologies, cloud computing, machine learning, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, Business Intelligence and other advanced data mining technologies.

In view of the above, what kind of information technologies from the Industry 4.0 range and how will they help to protect the natural environment and biodiversity?

Please reply

Best wishes

how do you understand life as it is really big suspense, why we are here, our consciousness is big unconsciousness and our unconsciousness big consciousness.

I think this is the most difficult and interesting question in the biology. I don't think that this great secret will be ever solved scientifically ! Since unsolvable until now by any means therefore this question can also be considered as the main question of biologic philosophy !

Hello, I am currently an undergraduate student at Purdue. I am currently looking at potential research topics to get into during graduate school. Right now I work in a botany lab studying ABA levels in deciduous trees. However, in my own free time, I have been obsessed with the interaction between tree species through different mycorrhizal networks. I have a decent list of researchers working on this topic (I will put their names below), but I was wondering if there are any schools or individuals I should strongly consider and reach out to before applying.

1. Rolf Geisen (Max Rubner-Institut, Germany)

2. Marc Stadler (Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Germany)

3. John Pitt (Australia)

4. Jens Frisvad (Technical University of Denmark)

5. Vit Hubka (Charles University Prague, Czech)

6. State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences http://english.im.cas.cn/rh/rd/Mycology1/

7. Keith Seifert (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/agriculture-and-agri-food-research-centres-and-collections/ontario/ottawa-research-and-development-centre/scientific-staff-and-expertise/seifert-keith-phd/?id=1181921509394

8. Dr. Catherine Aime (Purdue University)

9. Songlin Fei (Purdue University)

10. Peter Kennedy (University of Minnesota)

Dear everyone,

We know that in human and animals, diet cupric ions (Cu²⁺) are reduced to the cuprous form (Cu⁺) by the metalloreductase six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate member 1 (STEAP1) and then absorbed by enterocytes via a specific transporter (CTR1). But I really don't know why metal ion could not directly get in the enterocytes? In addition, I would like to know whether lithium will be absorbed by any cells in human body?

My knowledge of biology is very scarce. I implore any biology or medical experts to answer this questions. Thank you!

Best wish to everyone who sees this question

Junhang Dong