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If each individual has alternate selves throughout alternate timelines then does each individual(all alternate selves) become one in the afterlife?
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@Alexander Ohnemus There is no afterlife.
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Dear ResearchGate Community,
As I delve deeper into marine biology, I am particularly interested in expanding my knowledge of the taxonomy, ecology, and physiology of algae, with a focus on macroalgae (seaweeds). Unfortunately, my university does not offer a dedicated course on these topics (Phycology). Therefore, I am seeking to educate myself independently.
Could you kindly recommend essential books, guides, scientific papers, or any other academic resources that would help me gain a thorough understanding of marine algae? Your suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you in advance for your assistance.
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Generative AI (GenAI) is a branch of artificial intelligence that uses models to create new data such as text, images, or videos based on patterns learned from training data. It generates outputs in response to prompts by understanding the underlying structures of the input data.
Let's discuss the potential applications and benefits of Generative AI in biotechnology and explore how it can address current challenges in the field.
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Generative AI offers transformative applications in biotechnology, addressing critical challenges while advancing the field. In drug discovery, AI accelerates de novo molecular design by leveraging algorithms to identify novel pharmacophores, predict ligand-receptor interactions, and optimize pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, significantly reducing the timelines and costs associated with preclinical development. It facilitates precision medicine by generating therapies tailored to individual genomic and proteomic profiles while enabling in silico drug repurposing through high-throughput virtual screening. In protein engineering, generative models predict tertiary and quaternary protein structures and elucidate conformational dynamics, enabling the design of therapeutic biologics with enhanced binding affinities and reduced immunogenicity. In synthetic biology, AI-driven sequence optimization enhances CRISPR-Cas9 targeting specificity and metabolic pathway engineering for efficient biosynthesis of bioactive compounds, biopolymers, and therapeutic peptides. Clinical applications include generating synthetic datasets for training radiological and histopathological AI models, simulating patient phenotypes to optimize clinical trial stratification, and enhancing medical imaging modalities through resolution amplification and artifact reduction. These capabilities address pervasive challenges such as sparse datasets, complexity in biomolecular networks, and exorbitant R&D costs. Generative AI also enables multi-omics integration, synthesizing insights from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, fostering a holistic systems biology approach.
For instance, optimization in drug design can be expressed as E = B.A (efficacy = binding affinity × bioavailability), where binding affinity (B) reflects the molecular interaction strength between a ligand and its target, and bioavailability (A) quantifies the proportion of the drug reaching systemic circulation. This succinctly captures how generative AI aids in balancing critical pharmacological parameters to design therapeutics with maximal clinical efficacy. By automating and streamlining these processes, generative AI mitigates the translational gap, promotes global health equity, and fosters interdisciplinary synergies across computational biology, cheminformatics, and biomedical sciences, establishing itself as a cornerstone for innovation in modern biotechnology.
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can I get works done on self regulation strategies and locus of control as predictors of secondary school students academic achievement in biology?
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Can I ask Same question but in another way
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I found so many of my previous articles and didn't realize these were missing. I finished them several years after retiring. My boss was still working and supervising publications but he was 82 that year.
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Michael J. Benedik It is not as easy as it seems. I am following Barbara's profile, but I am unable to send her messages.
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Can you provide citations?
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A seminal article is:
Szathmáry, E., Smith, J. The major evolutionary transitions. Nature 374, 227–232 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1038/374227a0 USD 39.95
with ideas explicated in their book:
John Maynard Smith and Eörs Szathmáry (1995) The Origins of Life: From the Birth of Life to the Origin of Language
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How can we rationally utilize biological resources to meet the needs of human development while protecting the natural ecological environment?
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Hello Satu; There is one overarching requirement. First, we must reduce human reproductive rate to something below 1.2 children per mother. If we don't do that, nothing else we do will ultimately matter. Our numbers MUST stop growing. Best regards, Jim Des Lauriers
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Hola, soy estudiante de Biología y actualmente estoy realizando un proyecto con lepidópteros, estamos mirando cómo cambia la visita de las mariposas hacia ciertas flores, teniendo en cuenta el color de la flor y la forma de esta (simétrica y asimétrica), sin embargo quisiera consultar qué sería mejor o más correcto llegar a analizar, si la tasa de visitancia o el número de visitas en cada una de las flores.
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* Si quieres medir simplemente la preferencia por ciertas flores sin considerar el tiempo, el número de visitas podría ser suficiente.
  • Si buscas una medida que tenga en cuenta el tiempo y la disponibilidad de flores, la tasa de visitancia te dará una visión más detallada y ajustada.
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Including the post harvest biology and handing ,the factors affecting deterioration and how to curb it and processing of new product to reduce the post harvest losses
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Title Page - Title of the report - Author(s) - Date ### Table of Contents - List of sections and page numbers ### 1. Introduction - Brief overview of bananas as a crop. - Importance of bananas in global and local economies. - Overview of post-harvest technology and its significance. ### 2. Post-Harvest Biology of Bananas - **Physiology**: - Ripening process and stages of banana development (green, ripe, overripe). - Ethylene production and its role in ripening. - Respiration rates and how they change during ripening. - **Microbial activity**: - Types of microorganisms that affect bananas post-harvest. - Effects of microbial spoilage on banana quality and safety. ### 3. Factors Affecting Deterioration - **Environmental Factors**: - Temperature: Optimal storage conditions for bananas (ideally 12-14°C). - Humidity: Importance of maintaining high humidity to prevent moisture loss. - Light: Effects of light exposure on ripening and spoilage. - **Biological Factors**: - Pest infestations and disease susceptibility (e.g., fungal diseases). - Natural senescence of bananas. - **Mechanical Factors**: - Damage during harvesting, handling, and transportation. - Effects of bruising and physical injuries on shelf life. ### 4. Strategies to Curb Deterioration - **Pre-Harvest Management**: - Optimal harvesting techniques to minimize damage. - Use of proper agricultural practices to reduce pest and disease prevalence. - **Post-Harvest Handling**: - Best practices in sorting, grading, and packing to reduce physical damage. - Use of controlled atmospheres or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to slow down ripening. - **Storage Techniques**: - Recommendations for temperature and humidity control during storage. - Use of ripening chambers and ethylene management. - **Transportation Methods**: - Proper methods for transporting bananas to minimize bruising. - Use of insulated containers and temperature-controlled vehicles. ### 5. Processing of New Products to Reduce Post-Harvest Losses - **Product Development**: - Innovative uses for overripe bananas (e.g., banana flour, banana chips, purees). - The process of converting surplus bananas into value-added products. - **Preservation Techniques**: - Methods such as drying, freezing, and fermentation to enhance shelf life. - Use of preservatives and packaging technology to maintain quality. ### 6. Case Studies - Provide examples of successful post-harvest technologies and practices in banana production from different countries. - Highlight any research findings or innovations that have significantly reduced post-harvest losses. ### 7. Conclusion - Summarize the importance of post-harvest technology in extending the shelf life of bananas and reducing losses. - Call to action for adopting better practices in the industry. ### 8. References - Include a list of all sources cited in the report, formatted according to a chosen citation style (APA, MLA, etc.). ### Tips for Writing - **Use visuals**: Include diagrams, charts, and images to illustrate key points and make the report engaging. - **Data and statistics**: Incorporate relevant data on banana production, post-harvest losses, and market potential for processed products. - **Be concise**: Write clearly and concisely, avoiding jargon unless necessary, and explain any technical terms used. ### Additional Resources - You can refer to research articles, books, and publications from agricultural and food science institutions for more detailed information on post-harvest technology related to bananas.
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1. World Order has shown changes, especially after 2020 in almost all major fields of Politics, Economics, Social, Geopolitical etc.
2. Where the world order in real is diverting?
3. What will be the ultimate outcomes?
4. The alteration & changes of systems on Earth will change anything in Space?
5. Which systems will lose centuries-long grounds and what new will rise?
6. Is the current scenario being same as the Rise/Fall of Nations, Games of Thrones etc. or there is something significantly different this time?
7. Ultimately what impact will the Next World Order make on the entire human race and especially on the Bio-sphere?
8. How much was any World Order got impacted/formed/shaped through/by religious education directly/indirectly and why did such neuroplasticity/mind exercises base practices remain an integral part of World Orders in past? Can humans afford to continue past practices to build any new future?
9. What changes do you suggest in Next World Order, and Why?
10. Are Human going to accept defeat & surrender in front of Alien powers like gods, AIs, energy, any other life forms etc.?
11. How long more humans have the current status of rapidly shrinking freedom?
12. Will the current form of human life exist after such surrenders and what will be the expected shape of any of such life?
13. Its understood that human have to sacrifice current systems and life forms for existence, but, Is it necessary? Any workable solutions ?
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The notion of a unified world underpinned by industrial primacy while sidelining commercial interests poses profound questions about the future of global cooperation, the balance of power, and the potential for conflict in an increasingly multipolar world. The outcomes of these dynamics could reshape international relations and influence economic models for decades to come.
The transition from the U.S.-Soviet rivalry to what you're describing as the "era of the Warring States" reflects a complex geopolitical landscape characterized by fragmented power dynamics and the rise of emerging economies. In this new world order, traditional superpower rivalries have given way to a multipolar framework where various nations pursue their own interests, often leading to competition and conflict.
In this context, the concept of a country prioritizing industrial development while suppressing commercial interests can be interpreted through the lens of nationalism and state-driven economic models.
Nations that prioritize heavy industrialization and seek to centralize control over their economies may aim for self-sufficiency and greater global influence. These countries might invest heavily in technology, infrastructure, and human capital, viewing industrial prowess as a means to enhance their international standing and attract global partnerships.
This approach might involve limiting foreign competition, protecting domestic industries, and implementing policies that favor state-owned enterprises or public-private partnerships. By doing so, these nations could aim to create a strong internal market that fosters economic growth and innovation.
As countries pursue industrialization aggressively, the potential for conflict increases. Nations might compete for resources, markets, and influence, leading to tension and rivalry. This competition can manifest in trade wars, military conflicts, or ideological clashes.
In this scenario, countries like China or India could be viewed as potential unifiers in a fragmented global landscape. Their large populations, growing economic clout, and strategic initiatives (like China's Belt and Road Initiative) reflect attempts to assert influence over global trade routes and bolster their geopolitical interests.
The rapid advancement of technology can serve as both a catalyst for industrialization and a factor that disrupts traditional commerce. Innovations in automation, artificial intelligence, and manufacturing processes may allow nations to achieve unprecedented levels of productivity, potentially reshaping global supply chains and economic relationships.
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Science is making anti-aging progress. But do we want to live forever?
Scientists reprogram T cells to slow down and reverse aging
The Future Of Anti-Aging: Emerging Technologies And Trends ** ( Apr 12, 2024 )
Category : ANTI AGEING TREATMENTS
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Hi everyone !
I'm trying to get rid CD3+ and CD14+ cells from PBMCs. For that I use CD3 microbeads and CD14 microbeads as well as LS columns (I add both CD3 and CD14 microbeads to the cells and split the samples to load it into several columns to avoid saturation of the column).
When my sample contains 10M of cells, it works perfectly, 80% of the cells are retained in the columns and I have less than 2% of CD3+ and less than 0.5% of CD14+. But, if I have 400M cells, only 60% of the cells are retained in the columns and I have a lot of CD3+/CD14+ cells that are not retained.
I follow exactly the protocol and I did the scale up of the reagents from 10M to 400M accordingly. Did anybody have this issue ?
I tried the LD columns but it killed most of my B cells... one solution that Miltenyi gave me was to put the cells in a second round of LS columns, what are your opinion on that?
Thanks in advance for your help!
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hello Rayan El-Kholdi,
In my experience The number of cells that can be combined with the column is limited, about 1×10*8 cells can be combined with a column, so when your target cell number exceeds this number, you need to add new columns, CD3 and CD14 cells in the PBMC itself accounts for a lot, so it is recommended that you increase the number of columns according to the number of cells。The proportion of CD3 positive cells and CD14 positive cells in 400M PBMC is far more than 50%, that is 200M, so you may need to add more columns to improve the ability to capture cells
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I mean, how can i start researching? what tools might help me? what should i be aware of more at the biology aspect?
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Q-omics is an easy starting point to learn cancer omics data mining without computational skills.
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Dear Researchers
I am an Algerian PhD student in biology, and I study some biological activities and secondary metabolites of some fungi. I desperately seek a foreign laboratory that provides LC-MS/MS services for PhD students and researchers.
Do you have reliable laboratory addresses that can do LC-MS/MS analysis of lichenic polyphenols?
I appreciate all your suggestions and help.
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Dear Professor Phil
Thank you, I appreciate a lot your help. I'll try to contact them as soon as possible.
Cordially
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I see that there are responses questioning whether reincarnation actually occurs, scientific studies, as best can be conducted, indicates that it does exist. Far too many people are able to accurately report details of an existence that they should not have knowledge of via any known physical means, sometimes details that take extensive research in restricted files to verify.
The second issue seems to be that people assume that there is just one understanding of reincarnation while in fact there are at least 4 different and widely separated cultures that generally accept it. One in India/SE Asia, one in Africa, one in the Northern portions of North America and historically one in Greece and other parts of Europe. Of these, only the India/SE Asia variety suggests that a human may reincarnate as anything other than a human. All the other cultures insist that reincarnation is always within the human species.
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Dear Colleagues,
I am working on histological observations of the gut of invertebrates.
My main research is on seasonal changes in the gut tissue of sea cucumbers.
This species ceases or decreases its feeding activity in summer and also decreases its feeding activity in winter.
In particular, the gut retracts or disappears in summer.
Gut retraction is recognised as a result of catabolising components in the body to conserve energy and to tolerate depleted stored nutrients.
Please advise if anyone else has researched this other reason for intestinal retraction in a professional manner.
Best regards.
Kai Tanaka
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Digestive system regression in sea cucumbers and other invertebrates can occur due to 1. Food scarcity 2. Temperature fluctuations 3. Dormancy/hibernation 4. Reproductive cycles 5. Molting 6. Desiccation 7. Disease/parasites 8. Stress/injury 9. Aging/senescence Sea cucumber-specific reasons: 1. Dietary changes 2. Burrowing behavior 3. Regeneration/autotomy Seasonal changes can trigger regression to conserve energy, reduce metabolic rate, and adapt to changing environments. Investigate: Gut morphology/histology Enzyme activity Gene expression Hormonal regulation
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Barabe D, Chretien L. 1986. Floral anatomy of Spathicarpa sagittifolia (Araceae). Beitraege zur Biologie der
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why not to try to contact Denis Barabé
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I need some open source data on the basic biology of fisheries to support my research
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Можно часть материалов посмотреть в докладах Коллегии Росрыболовства
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MOST human actions are subconscious. The more close-ended the task, the easier to automate. Perhaps SOME subconscious human acts are more close-ended, therefore easier to automate.
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Automating biological functions such as childbirth with AI is a highly complex and ethically sensitive area. While AI can significantly enhance and assist in many aspects of healthcare, full automation of biological functions, especially something as intricate and personal as childbirth, presents numerous challenges and limitations. Here's a breakdown of how AI can be involved, and the specifics of its application:
1. Monitoring and Diagnosis
  • Fetal Monitoring: AI can analyze data from fetal heart rate monitors and ultrasound images to detect signs of distress or abnormalities.
  • Predictive Analytics: AI algorithms can predict potential complications during pregnancy by analyzing historical data and risk factors.
2. Assisting in Decision-Making
  • Clinical Decision Support: AI tools can provide recommendations for treatment options based on current medical guidelines and patient data.
  • Personalized Care: AI can help tailor prenatal care plans to individual needs by analyzing various health metrics.
3. Automation of Procedures
  • Surgical Assistance: AI-driven robotic systems, like the Da Vinci Surgical System, assist surgeons in performing precise operations, which can be beneficial in cesarean sections and other surgical procedures.
  • Lab Automation: AI can streamline lab processes related to prenatal care, such as genetic testing and analysis.
4. AI in Healthcare Management
  • Workflow Optimization: AI can improve hospital workflows, manage patient records, and ensure timely care delivery.
  • Patient Engagement: AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants can provide patients with information, reminders, and support throughout their pregnancy.
5. Ethical and Practical Considerations
  • Complexity of Childbirth: Childbirth involves complex physiological and emotional factors that are challenging to fully automate or control with AI.
  • Ethical Issues: Automating biological functions raises significant ethical concerns about safety, consent, and the role of human judgment in critical medical situations.
  • Human Factors: Human expertise and empathy play a crucial role in managing childbirth, making it difficult to fully replace with AI.
Current State and Future Potential
  • Current Technology: While AI significantly aids in the management and support of childbirth, it does not replace the need for human intervention and decision-making. It can, however, enhance safety, efficiency, and personalized care.
  • Future Prospects: Advancements in AI may further assist in predictive analytics, personalized medicine, and robotic surgery, but the automation of biological functions like childbirth will remain a collaborative effort between technology and human expertise.
Summary
AI can enhance and support various aspects of childbirth and prenatal care, such as monitoring, decision-making, and procedure assistance. However, the full automation of childbirth involves complex physiological, ethical, and human factors that cannot currently be fully addressed by AI alone. AI’s role is to complement and support human expertise rather than replace it.
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In the identified case of familial desminopathy (T341P DES mutation in heterozygous state), the son has bradycardia, but the father did not have bradycardia. How can this fact be explained?
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Because of some autosomal dominant & others can be autosomal recessive
"Desminopathy is one of the most common intermediate filament human disorders associated with mutations in closely interacting proteins, desmin and alphaB-crystallin. The inheritance pattern in familial desminopathy is characterized as autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive, but many cases have no family history."
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Despite its success, physics is not the ultimate tool to predict and solve all scientific ambitions. One reason might be inherent in its epistemological approach which gave it its success. Some double edged traits of it are
**absence of componential relations i.e does not identify relation of part (with function) to whole
** simplistic direct one on one consequences i.e in cause effect chains there is only one consequence and the complexity of one Act causing in direct reactions that might even lead to different course are omitted. Biology is not like this
**absence of agent relations i.e even force does not identify one objects as agent due to mutual interactive nature of force concept given by Newton
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String Theory is widely regarded as still untestable and is also alleged by some to face issues of mathematical consistency.
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Should the ongoing logging in the Amazon forest, including other natural highly biodiverse forests, be recognized as a crime of destroying the planet's strategic natural resources generating an increased threat to human existence on planet Earth?
Should the ongoing logging of trees in the Amazon forest, also other natural highly biodiverse forests, and the logging of trees in other areas of natural forest ecosystems carried out in the formula of robbery pseudo-forest management should be recognized as a crime of destruction of strategic natural resources of the planet generating an increase in the threat to human existence on planet Earth?
Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,
In recent years, the need to accelerate and increase the efficiency of the green transformation of the economy has been growing in importance. This is due to the need to increase the scale of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, as generated by energy, industry, transportation, livestock farms, etc. continue to generate high greenhouse gas emissions and the global warming process is accelerating as a result. If the processes of green transformation of the economy are not significantly accelerated then the exceeding of 1.5 degrees C of the average temperature of the planet's atmosphere (counting from the beginning of the first industrial revolution) will happen even before the end of the current decade and the occurrence of a global climate catastrophe in the second half of this 21st century will become inevitable. One of the key elements of the green transformation of the economy is the cessation of deforestation processes and the development of reforestation programs for civilizationally degraded areas, post-industrial areas, post-mining heaps, urban areas as part of the reduction of concretions, and post-agricultural areas where the soil has been depleted due to the intensification of agriculture in the industrial model. By 2023, the deforestation rate in the rainforests of the Amazon natural rainforest has been almost halved in Brazil. This is a very good trend, in which perhaps finally the scale of protection of these natural highly biodiverse forests is beginning to improve significantly. This is especially important because the highly biodiverse rainforest ecosystems of the tropical natural forests of the Amazon contain more than 300 million unique species of flora and fauna and the Amazon forest is still the largest natural area of forest ecosystem that plays a key role in the natural process of absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere and emitting oxygen. The ongoing logging of trees in the Amazon forest, and the logging of trees in other areas of natural forest ecosystems as well, which is being carried out in a formula of predatory pseudo-management, should be recognized as a crime of destroying the planet's strategic natural resources generating an increase in the threat to human existence on planet Earth. Perhaps in this way, through appropriate changes in legal regulations, the large-scale deforestation of forest areas still taking place in many parts of the world and/or the predatory pseudo-management of forests that is being carried out would finally be ended.
I presented the issue of human security in connection with the green transformation of the economy, pro-environmental policies and the implementation of sustainable development goals in the article:
HUMAN SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
Should the ongoing logging of trees in the Amazon forest, also other natural highly biodiverse forests, as well as the logging of trees in other areas of natural forest ecosystems carried out in the formula of predatory pseudo-forest management, also be recognized as a crime of destruction of strategic natural resources of the planet generating an increase in the threat to human existence on planet Earth?
Should the ongoing cutting of trees in areas of natural highly biodiverse forests be recognized as a crime of crimes against humanity?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Still steadily declining forest area, deforestation prevailing over aforestation, predatory cutting of entire stands, cutting down old-growth forests, creating pseudo-forest monocultures serving mainly or exclusively for the production of wood raw material, etc., are key factors in the rapid decline of the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems, including the extinction of many species of flora and fauna. In addition, deforestation processes also negatively affect the climate and amplify the progressive processes of global warming, soil aridity, etc. It is extremely strange that in the era of the 21st century, widespread knowledge of the civilizational sources and consequences of the progressive process of global warming, deforestation and/or predatory pseudo-management of forests is still carried out in many countries of the world. It is essential to urgently reverse these negative processes.
In the following article, I have included the results of the research conducted on the connection of the issue of sustainable development, the genesis and meaning of the Sustainable Development Goals, the essence of sustainable development in the context of social, normative, economic, environmental, climatic, as well as human rights aspects, etc. The research also addressed the issue of key determinants of human existential security as an element of the concept of sustainable development.
HUMAN SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
The key issues of this issue and why the above issue is important is what I wrote in the following publication:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
What do you think about this?
What is your opinion on this topic?
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Brain and body mass together are positively correlated with lifespan (Hofman 1993). The duration of neural development is one of the best predictors of brain size, and conception is the best zero-point to mark the start of development, namely, the point at which sperm and egg fuse forming a single-cell organism followed by exponential mitosis (Finlay 2019b). The formation of complex molecules in biology can occur spontaneously, thereby leading to the creation of sophisticated organisms (Liu et al. 2019). Following each documented extinction of species (and there have been at least five since ~ 400 million years ago) there is a rapid degradation of biology, especially of complex life that depends on a resilient food chain dependent on simpler organisms. Following the most recent extinction 65 million years ago (i.e., the Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction, Alverez et al. 1979), the dinosaurs (which were large-bodied but small-brained) were obliterated making room for new mammalian species that evolved into animals having the following characteristics: an extended longevity to enable the formation of large bodies accompanied by large brains (e.g., the killer whale, the human, the elephant, the gorilla, and so on) during which time learning to adapt to environmental disruptions was paramount (Hebb 1949). Yet even with the newest complexity, there is no guarantee that if the current species go extinct that the replacement species will possess a comparable level of sophistication, since the evolution of complexity is based on a protracted fitness (Dawkins 1976). We may soon find out if our complexity is sufficient to right all the wrongs that we have inflicted on ourselves and others (Chomsky 2023; Ellsberg 2023; Hansen et al. 1981). Pessimistically, the entomologist Edward O. Wilson has predicted that once we reach a population of ten billion—we are now at eight—expect humankind to turn on itself much like an over-extended ant colony (Wilson 2012). Our children may get to test his prediction, if those at the helm continue to assume that humans operate outside of evolution.
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Edward O. Wilson's prediction about humanity reaching a tipping point as the global population approaches ten billion Edward J Tehovnik is a thought-provoking reflection on human behavior and societal dynamics. His comparison to an over-extended ant colony suggests that we may face significant stress as resources become scarcer and competition for them intensifies.
Wilson's assertion that those in power often overlook the fundamental principles of evolution implies that human societies may be prone to conflict if they fail to adapt to changing circumstances. The mention of “turning on itself” hints at potential social unrest, political instability, or even environmental degradation as a result of overpopulation.
The challenge of managing our resources sustainably and promoting social cohesion will be crucial as we continue to grow. If humanity doesn't account for the evolutionary forces that shape our interactions and structures, we risk undermining our own future.
As our population grows, it becomes increasingly vital for leaders, policymakers, and citizens to embrace an understanding of these dynamics, prioritizing cooperation, conservation, and innovative thinking to ensure we avoid the pitfalls of overextension. Whether the children of today will witness such a scenario remains to be seen, but the need for proactive measures is clear.
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Evolutionary pressures Edward J Tehovnik may play a significant role. In environments where cognitive abilities provide substantial survival advantages—through better foraging, social interaction, or tool use—there may be a selection for species to evolve larger brains, which consequently requires longer lifespans for optimal brain maturation and function.
In summary, the correlation between brain and body mass and lifespan reflects a complex interplay of developmental dynamics, metabolic rates, ecological pressures, and evolutionary adaptations. Studying these relationships further can provide insights into the biological and evolutionary mechanisms shaping the life history strategies of various species.
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Epigenetics refers to the study of changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence. This field has garnered significant attention for its potential to influence aging, combat diseases, and mitigate unwanted side effects of genetic engineering.
Aging is associated with various epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, which can lead to altered gene expression and contribute to age-related diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. By targeting these epigenetic modifications, researchers believe it may be possible to reverse or slow down the aging process. For instance, interventions that modify epigenetic markers could potentially restore youthful gene expression patterns, thereby improving cellular function and longevity.
Epigenetic therapies hold promise for treating a range of diseases. By understanding the specific epigenetic alterations associated with conditions like cancer, researchers can develop targeted therapies that either activate or repress certain genes without changing the genetic code itself. This approach could lead to more effective treatments with fewer side effects compared to traditional genetic engineering methods, which often involve irreversible changes to the genomeOne of the significant concerns with genetic engineering is the potential for unintended consequences, such as off-target effects or the activation of harmful genes. Epigenetic modifications can provide a more flexible approach to gene regulation, allowing for temporary changes that can be reversed if necessary.
This flexibility could help in fine-tuning therapeutic interventions, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with permanent genetic alterations.
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Preparing a review about potential distinct effects of North and South poles (or upward/downward) in biology, chemistry, chirality, etc, I would appreciate any signaling of publications to supplement a databank dedicated to this overlooked parameter, whether confirming or invalidating.
Also, any comments, exchanges or collaboration will be welcome.
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Thank you for your answers but your replies don't really meet the topic whether there are distinct effects of what different research teams consider as:
- magnetic upward and downward fields (relative to gravity) effects,
- or only magnetic field direction (regardless of spatial orientation),
- or magnetic north and south polarities (by the way, note that many papers in English use reversed namings of the North and South poles of magnets!).
To help understand this discussion, here are examples of papers mentioning this side of the issue (whether positive or no effect):
- Life on Magnet: Long-Term Exposure of Moderate Static Magnetic Fields on the Lifespan and Healthspan of Mice
- Hematological parameters’ changes in mice subchronically exposed to static magnetic fields of different orientations
- Effect of pre-sowing treatment with permanent magnetic field on germination and growth of chilli
- Effects of Cholinergic Receptor Activation and Magnetic Fields on Motor Behavior in Ischemic Gerbils
- Magneto-mechanical stimulation modulates osteocyte fate via the ECM-integrin-CSK axis
- Homogeneous static magnetic field of different orientation induces biological changes in subacutely exposed mice
- Comparative effect of positive and negative static magnetic fields on heart rate and blood pressure in healthy adults
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Which epistemology do you associate with biology? Why?”
- epistemology absolutely directly is associated with biology, since all points/steps in the utmost fundamental result in epistemology – “Scientific method” , see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method
“…An iterative,[43] pragmatic[12] scheme of the four points above is sometimes offered as a guideline for proceeding:[47]
Define a question
Gather information and resources (observe)
Form an explanatory hypothesis
Test the hypothesis by performing an experiment and collecting data in a reproducible manner
Analyze the data
Interpret the data and draw conclusions that serve as a starting point for a new hypothesis
Publish results
Retest (frequently done by other scientists)
The iterative cycle inherent in this step-by-step method goes from point 3 to 6 and back to 3 again. ……”
- all/every living being, even bacteria, use and perform in their lives at their behavior.
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I created a file with my outgroup and ingroup species using Beauti, ran it in BEAST, viewed it in Tracer, and then used TreeAnnotator to create a file that I imported into RASP.
Could someone please help me review these steps and results?
Thank you!
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Silvia Pérez As someone who dabbles in general biogeography I cannot comment on the phylogenetic tree, but I looked up Pennington et al 2021 for the distribution of the genus as then known. Looks quite interesting, and one species - Ruagea glabra - has an almost identical range to the ghost moth species Druceiella metellus. It will be interesting to know to what extent your distributional data has changed from 2021. Hope you can avoid the center of origin-chance dispersal nonsense. Pennington et al were a bit unsettled as to the sister genus - either S AM Guarea or Catratea - latter apparently sister to the S Pacific Dysoxylum. Would be interested to see a better image of your phylogeny along with the distributional maps of each species if you want any further feedback. Can email me at calabar.john@gmail.com
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Correct. All birds are dinosaurs (specifically, avian dinosaurs), but not all dinosaurs are birds. Pterodactyls are not dinosaurs; they are flying reptiles from the same era.
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PeptiCloud (www.pepticloud.com) is a bioinformatic platform that allows researchers to organize and share their data for their projects as well as collaborate with others in one place. Through PeptiCloud, researchers can package their data and share it in its original form and collaborate on biological sequences through version control. If you are a researcher, could you please try using the platform and provide feedback?
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Zhao Zixian Hi Zhao! I sent you a message. I would love to work with you to integrate more AI tools that you need!
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In my view, the most accurate and practical theories in any scientific field, particularly gerontology, are heavily influenced by temporal, spatial, and cultural contexts. It is challenging to propose a definitive theory on gerontology, as the perspectives and experiences of elderly individuals vary across different decades.”
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⚪️⚪️ENG-TEXT⚪️⚪️ The question (hypothesis) proposed by this Open RG Question is the following: Nanozymes were the basic chemical constituent that kicked off the origin of life??
Hypothesis
Nanozymes show elementary basic enzymatic functions completely similar to those of biological systems but with reduced performances in product production and stability.
Furthermore, they are strongly dependent on external chemical-physical conditions as they are truly naked and not protected by physical protective covers and/or chemical insulators.
However, precisely because of these characteristics they could represent excellent candidates for the creation of complex self-catalytic and/or self-replicating (but) pre-biological structures.
Pre-biological not only on planet Earth but in general on any planet or satellite where conditions make the functioning of nanozymes possible.
In this model we start from a relatively original assumption about life and its concept:
..LIFE is an emergent property of matter. Given the three main components (pressure, temperature, solvent), the key is catalysts. Life in terms of organized assembly of functions..
Nanozymes fit precisely into this model.
They could represent the starter of all life forms in the Universe.
The path that will be outlined will obviously have to be subjected to an in-depth bibliographic and laboratory analysis.
Analysis which should also be carried out at the same time during space explorations of comets, asteroids, satellites, planets, both with and without organic or aqueous solvents in a stably liquid form.
The path model could have been the following:
--Primordial nanozymes, formed only by simple catalytic atomic aggregates, plausibly particularly widespread and active in areas affected by volcanic activity.
--Selective pressure based on the stability of the nanozymes and their catalysis speed.
--Second generation nanozymes, originating from complexes with organic molecules (amino acid residues and/or nitrogenous bases).
--The nitrogenous or nucleo- bases of this first phase were almost certainly not based on ribose but on other structural molecules that were much more stable in the primordial chemical-physical-enzymatic environment of the nanozymes: Threose-NA; Glycol-NA; Peptide-NA.
--Additional selective pressures on stability & speed of catalysis of these Second generation nanozymes.
--Emergence of autocatalytic properties in this new generation of organo-complex Nanozymes.
--Very rapid diffusion of third generation autocatalytic nanozymes, with high efficiency and (auto-) catalysis speed.
--Stably self-replicating fourth generation nanozymes through strong expansion of the non-catalytic component (amino acids and/or nitrogenous bases).
--Very rapid diffusion of variants of self-replicating (IV Gen.) nanozymes with strong stabilization, protection, isolation and efficiency of the catalytic core and notable expansion of the organic component.
--Emergence of clear autocatalytic units or clades, self-replicating and with well-traceable lines of descent, among the immense population of nanozymes; population now in strong competition for the substrate; fifth generation nanozymes with clear differentiation between the functional enzymatic part of the active site and the organic part surrounding the active site.
--Sixth generation nanozymes where the active site is surrounded by a complex structure of amino acids linked together but also linked to nitrogenous bases based on Threose, Glycol, Peptides,..; origin of the primordial structure of the genetic code with correspondence between amino acid and groups of nitrogenous bases.
This sixth generation of nanozymes is the one that will give rise to the future structure of the genetic code.
The nanozymes, through chemical selection processes, have undergone a significant stabilization and enhancement of the catalytic functions, leading to the formation of a proto-enzymatic primordial active site, with a clear structural and functional separation.
This proto-enzymatic population very quickly gave rise to chemical clades where they themselves were the product (auto-catalysis).
The next step was constant and conservative full self-replication; self-replication obtained with an even more marked separation, dimensional, structural, functional, between the proto-enzymatic primordial active site and the surrounding structure, made up of amino acids linked to each other and in turn linked to nitrogenous bases.
The last step may have been the close, almost univocal link between amino acids in sequence (polypeptide) and mini-aggregates of nitrogenous bases (2, 3, n units), forming the structural-functional basis of the triplet genetic code.
From this point on, the prebiotic evolution of nanozymes becomes indistinguishable from the biotic one, and will plausibly proceed faster and faster on the basis of fusion of functions, strengthening of functions, size, complexity and precision of self-replication, and symbiosis with other complex organic structures but prebiotic (ex.: bi-layer of phospholipids,..).
This evolutionary model of the origin of life starting from Nanozyme nuclei can very well also include the thesis ""Jupiter's Great Red Spot hides an exobiological nature??""
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===================================
Classification of Nanozymes
Nanozymes have been classified in two functional families:
I - Oxidoreductase (oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and nitrate reductase).
II - Hydrolase (nuclease, esterase, phosphatase, protease, and silicate).
Nanozymes have been classified in 3 material from which they are made:
A - Metal-based nanozymes (nanoparticles of Au, Ag, Pt, Pd,..).
B - Metal-oxide or sulfide-based nanozymes, based on Fe, V, Ru,.. (V2O5, RuO2, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CuO, NiTe, CoFe, BiFeO3, FeS, Co3O4, CdS, ZnO–Co3O4−v).
C - Carbon-based nanozymes (carbon nanotubes; graphene oxide; carbon dots; carbon nitride dots).
Moreover there are also a lot of organis-matal nanozymes (Cu with cysteine-histidine).
The nanozymes catalytic activity is influenced mainly by the morphology.
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SOME REFERENCES
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⚪️⚪️ITA-TEXT⚪️⚪️ Il quesito (ipotesi) proposto da questa Open RG Question è il seguente: i Nanozymes sono stati il costituente chimico di base che ha dato il via alla origine della vita??
Ipotesi
I nanozymes mostrano elementari funzioni enzimatiche di base del tutto analoghe a quelle dei sistemi biologici ma con ridotte performances nella produzione dei prodotti e nella stabilità.
Inoltre sono fortemente dipendenti dalle condizioni esterne chimico-fisiche in quanto sono realmente nudi e non protetti da coperture protettive fisiche e/o da isolanti chimici.
Però proprio per queste caratteristiche potrebbero rappresentare degli ottimi candidati per la realizzazione di strutture complesse auto-catalitiche e/o auto-replicanti ma pre-biologiche.
Pre-biologiche non solo sul pianeta Terra ma in generale su qualunque pianeta o satellite dove le condizioni rendono possibile il funzionamento dei nanozymes.
In questo modello si parte da un assunto relativamente originale sulla vita e sul suo concetto:
..La VITA è una proprietà emergente della materia. Date le tre componenti principali (pressione, temperatura, solvente), la chiave è rappresentata dai catalizzatori. Vita in termini di assemblaggio organizzato di funzioni..
I nanozymes si inseriscono proprio in questo modello.
Essi potrebbero rappresentare lo starter di ogni forma di Vita nell'Universo.
Il percorso che verrà delineato dovrà ovviamente essere sottoposto ad una profonda analisi sia bibliografica sia laboratoriale.
Analisi che dovrebbe contestualmente essere condotta anche durante le esplorazioni spaziali di comete, asteroidi, satelliti, pianeti, sia con sia senza solventi organici o acquosi in forma stabilmente liquida.
Il modello-percorso potrebbe essere stato il seguente:
--Nanozymes primordiali, formati solo da semplici aggregati atomici catalitici, plausibilmente particolarmente diffusi ed attivi nelle zone vulcaniche eruttive.
--Pressione selettiva basata sulla stabilità dei nanozymes e sulla loro velocità di catalisi.
--Nanozymes di seconda generazione, originati da complessi con molecole organiche (residui amminoacidici e/o basi azotate).
--Le basi azotate di questa prima fase quasi certamente non erano basate sul ribosio bensì su altre molecole strutturali ben più stabili nell'ambiente chimico-fisico-enzimatico primordiale dei nanozymes: Threose-NA; Glycol-NA; Peptide-NA.
--Ulteriori pressioni selettive su stabilità & velocità di catalisi.
--Emersione di proprietà autocatalitiche in questa nuova generazione di Nanozymes organo-complessi.
--Rapidissima diffusione di nanozymes autocatalitici di terza generazione, ad alta efficienza e velocità di catalisi.
--Nanozymes stabilmente auto-replicanti di quarta generazione mediante il forte ampliamento della componente non-catalitica (amminoacidi e/o basi azotate).
--Rapidissima diffusione di varianti di nanozymes auto-replicanti con forte stabilizzazione, protezione, isolamento ed efficientamento del nucleo catalitico e notevole ampliamento della componente organica.
--Emersione di chiare unità o cladi autocatalitici, auto-replicanti e con linee di discendenza ben tracciabili, tra l'immensa popolazione di nanozymes; popolazione ora in forte competizione per il substrato; nanozymes di quinta generazione con chiara differenziazione tra la parte funzionale enzimatica del sito attivo e la parte organica contornante il sito attivo.
--Nanozymes di sesta generazione dove il sito attivo è contornato da una complessa struttura di aminoacidi legati tra essi ma legati anche a basi azotate basate sul Threose, Glycol, Peptides,..; origine del primordiale assetto del codice genetico con corrispondenza tra aminoacido e gruppi di basi azotate.
Questa sesta generazione di nanozymes è quella che darà origine al futuro assetto del codice genetico.
I nanozymes mediante processi di selezione chimica, hanno subito una rilevante stabilizzazione e potenziamento delle funzioni catalitiche portando alla formazione di un sito attivo primordiale proto-enzimatico, con una netta separazione strutturale e funzionale.
Questa popolazione proto-enzimatica molto rapidamente ha dato luogo a dei cladi chimici ove il prodotto erano essi stessi (auto-catalisi).
Il passo successivo è stata la piena auto-replicazione costante e conservativa; auto-replicazione ottenuta con una ancor più marcata separazione, dimensionale, strutturale, funzionale, tra sito attivo primordiale proto-enzimatico e struttura di contorno, costituita da aminoacidi legati tra essi e a loro volta legati a basi azotate.
L'ultimo step potrebbe essere stato lo stretto legame quasi univoco tra aminoacidi in sequenza (polipeptidica) e mini-aggregati di basi azotate (2, 3, n unità), formando la base struttural-funzionale del codice genetico a triplette.
Da questo punto in poi l'evoluzione prebiotica dei nanozymes diventa indistinguibile da quella biotica e plausibilmente procederà sempre più veloce sulla base di fusione di funzioni, rafforzamento di funzioni, dimensioni, complessità e precisione di auto-replicazione e di simbiosi con altre strutture organiche complesse ma prebiotiche (bi-layer di fosfolipidi,..).
Questo modello evolutivo della origine della vita a partire da nuclei nanozymici può includere molto bene anche la tesi ""Jupiter's Great Red Spot hides an exobiological nature??"" https://www.researchgate.net/post/Jupiters_Great_Red_Spot_hides_an_exobiological_nature
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🍥🍥Evidence of dark oxygen production at the abyssal seafloor
Nature Geoscience (2024). DOI:10.1038/s41561-024-01480-8🍥🍥
Abstract
Deep-seafloor organisms consume oxygen, which can be measured by in situ benthic chamber experiments. Here we report such experiments at the polymetallic nodule-covered abyssal seafloor in the Pacific Ocean in which oxygen increased over two days to more than three times the background concentration, which from ex situ incubations we attribute to the polymetallic nodules. Given high voltage potentials (up to 0.95 V) on nodule surfaces, we hypothesize that seawater electrolysis may contribute to this dark oxygen production.
DOI
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Definitely yes
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Fundamentalmente: Muriéndose. Solo envejece lo vivo, aunque vivas muy sanamente. Lo no vivo no envejece, solo cambia.
Envejecer es inevitable a corto o a largo plazo.
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International Conference on Engineering, Science, Technology, and Innovation (IESTI 2024)
Date: 19-09-2024
Location: Online
Submission Deadline: 15-07-2024**** Extended to 1-8-2024
The Organizing Committee of the International Conference on Engineering, Science, Technology, and Innovation (IESTI 2024) is pleased to invite researchers, practitioners, and professionals to submit papers for presentation and publication at the IESTI conference. This prestigious event aims to bring together leading scholars, researchers, and industry experts to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Engineering, Science, Technology, and Innovation.
Topics of Interest
Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to:
  • Engineering:
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Materials Science and Engineering
    • Computer Science and Engineering
  • Science:
    • Physical Sciences
    • Life Sciences
    • Environmental Sciences
    • Earth Sciences
    • Chemical Sciences
    • Artificial Intelligence
  • Technology:
    • Information Technology
    • Communications Technology
    • Nanotechnology
    • Biotechnology
  • Innovation:
    • Technological Innovation
    • Innovation Management
    • Entrepreneurship
    • Sustainable Development
    • Policy and Innovation
Submission Guidelines
Authors are invited to submit original, unpublished research papers that are not currently under review elsewhere. All submissions will be peer-reviewed and evaluated based on originality, technical and research content, correctness, relevance to the conference, contributions, and readability.
Paper Submission Process:
1. Format: All papers must be formatted according to the conference template available on the conference website.
2. Length: Full papers should be between 6-10 pages, including all figures, tables, and references.
3. Submission Link: Submit your papers through the online submission system available on the conference website.
4. Review Process: Each paper will undergo a blind peer review process.
5. Notification: Authors will be notified of the review results by 15-08-2024.
6. Camera-Ready Submission: Final versions of accepted papers must be submitted by 31-08-2024.
Important Dates
  • Paper Submission Deadline: 15-07-2024 **** Extended to 1-8-2024
  • Notification of Acceptance: 15-08-2024
  • Camera-Ready Paper Submission: 31-08-2024
  • Early Bird Registration Deadline: 20-08-2024
  • Conference Dates: 19-09-2024
Conference Proceedings
All accepted and presented papers will be published in the journals listed on the following website:
Special Sessions and Workshops
  • IESTI 2024 will also feature special sessions and workshops focusing on current trends and emerging topics in Engineering, Science, Technology, and Innovation. Proposals for special sessions and workshops can be submitted to editor@academicedgepub.co.uk, by 1-8-2024.
Contact Information
For any inquiries regarding paper submissions or the conference, please contact:
We look forward to your participation in IESTI 2024 and to a successful conference!
We would like to extend our invitation to invite you to join the editorial board of the:
- Journal of Probiotics and Bioactive Molecules Research (JPBMR)
Please send an email including your full name, affiliation, CV, and mention the selected journal to the following email address: editor@academicedgepub.co.uk
Sincerely,
IESTI 2024 Organizing Committee
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Looking forward to seeing this all progress
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Well, first, we have to understand what happens when we age .
Our DNA degrades over time  so the first step is to stabilize DNA structure, and integrity,
Then we move on to door number two
Which is manipulation of DNA 
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It is known that patients with desminopathy often die from pneumonia. Have pathomorphological studies of the lungs been performed in patients with desminopathy?
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Dear Sagar Nanaso Salunkhe, thank you very much for your detailed answers!
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A revolutionary phenotype is another species being delegated to reproducing its maker's kind. Then the delegated reproducer MAY eventually overthrow their before mentioned creator. Examples MAY be RNA overthrowing their maker proteins. Then DNA overthrowing their maker RNA. We avoid them by NOT delegating our reproduction to another species ,and or machine, and, more generally, using the precautionary principle. Simpler surgeries are less risky than the more complex ones.
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I agree with you
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I find a problem in teaching biology, especially since students begin to memorize information without concentrating just in order to get a good grade on the exam. Trying to use new and exciting teaching methods causes great fatigue because I am constrained for time and required to teach every word in the book.
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Here ist a method I have been using since 2012 with high school students of physics. This method was, for example, praised by zoologist Richard Dawkins in memory of one of his teachers at University.
Let your students write short essays (200 to 400 words is fine) on a narrowly defined topics. Give them a few technical terms you expect them to use. Ask them to produce arguments for and against certain propositions. This will encourage them to think about more fundamental principles. For example: "Give evidence for and against group selection. Draw a personal conclusion".
It usually takes me about 5 to 10 minutes to read each essay. I do not fully correct it but only indicate where students lack depth or make false statements, aksing them to correct them.
After a few such tasks, I definitely observe a strong increase in the students' proficiency to produce meaningful and coherent texts. This is definetely one step beyond mere rote learning. It's worth a try.
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Philip G Penketh thanks for sharing your belief and experience. Duplication of each cell in our body could be something similar to bacterial division. But the product might be similar to an identical clone. Then again I think that would not be the same "person" even when exposed to the same events in life.
Cheers to Life..
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1)Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Poseidon". Encyclopedia Britannica, 29 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Poseidon. Accessed 2 June 2024.
2)"But we humans, along with bears, lizards, hummingbirds and Tyrannosaurus rex, are actually lobe-finned fish" ( https://research.reading.ac.uk/research-blog/how-fish-evolved-to-walk-and-in-one-case-turned-into-humans/ ).
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We are not clad fish but clad apes. Though the Deep Ones are known among the lost tribes, who are worshipping the elder gods. For further reference, read up on the works of Abdul Alhazred.
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I have 6 ecosystems, 3 of which are substrate A and the other 3 are substrate B. each ecosystem has about 10 species. I have calculated a simpsons value for each ecosystem and a simpsons value for each substrate. I would like to statistically compare the two index values of substrate A and B, is this possible in any way? Since I would like to statistically compare the biodiversity between the two substrates, what is the best way to go about this?
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You use a Mann-Whitney test since the data do not have a normal distribution :)
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I have six ecosystems in two substrate categories (Triplicates essentially). I have determined shannon wiener index values for each ecosystem and also for the two categories separately. I have done this for two separate sets of data that were sampled in two separate years. Is it possible to statistically compare the development of the biodiversity between each of the categories i.e., the development of biodiveristy in ecosystem 1 between the two years, using the shannon wiener values somehow? Are there any other tests that could work? I am aware of the hutcheson t test however, some of my data is not normally distributed.
I would really appreciate some help!
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To statistically compare Shannon-Wiener index values between two years:
  1. Calculate Shannon-Wiener Index: Compute the Shannon-Wiener index separately for each year using appropriate ecological data.
  2. Normality Check: Ensure that the index values follow a normal distribution, typically assessed using statistical tests like the Shapiro-Wilk test or visual inspection (e.g., histograms).
  3. Choose a Test: Use a paired t-test if the data for both years are paired (i.e., measurements from the same sites or samples) and normally distributed. Alternatively, use a Wilcoxon signed-rank test if the data are not normally distributed or if the assumptions for the t-test are not met.
  4. Perform the Test: Conduct the chosen statistical test to compare the mean or median Shannon-Wiener index values between the two years.
  5. Interpret the Results: Evaluate the test statistic and p-value to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in the Shannon-Wiener index values between the two years. Adjust for multiple comparisons if necessary.
By following these steps, you can effectively compare Shannon-Wiener index values between two different years in a statistically rigorous manner.
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International Conference on Engineering, Science, Technology, and Innovation (IESTI 2024)
Date: 19-09-2024
Location: Online
Submission Deadline: 15-07-2024 **** Extended to 1-8-2024
The Organizing Committee of the International Conference on Engineering, Science, Technology, and Innovation (IESTI 2024) is pleased to invite researchers, practitioners, and professionals to submit papers for presentation and publication at the IESTI conference. This prestigious event aims to bring together leading scholars, researchers, and industry experts to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Engineering, Science, Technology, and Innovation.
Topics of Interest
Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to:
  • Engineering:
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Materials Science and Engineering
    • Computer Science and Engineering
  • Science:
    • Physical Sciences
    • Life Sciences
    • Environmental Sciences
    • Earth Sciences
    • Chemical Sciences
    • Artificial Intelligence
  • Technology:
    • Information Technology
    • Communications Technology
    • Nanotechnology
    • Biotechnology
  • Innovation:
    • Technological Innovation
    • Innovation Management
    • Entrepreneurship
    • Sustainable Development
    • Policy and Innovation
Submission Guidelines
Authors are invited to submit original, unpublished research papers that are not currently under review elsewhere. All submissions will be peer-reviewed and evaluated based on originality, technical and research content, correctness, relevance to the conference, contributions, and readability.
Paper Submission Process:
1. Format: All papers must be formatted according to the conference template available on the conference website.
2. Length: Full papers should be between 6-10 pages, including all figures, tables, and references.
3. Submission Link: Submit your papers through the online submission system available on the conference website.
4. Review Process: Each paper will undergo a blind peer review process.
5. Notification: Authors will be notified of the review results by 15-08-2024.
6. Camera-Ready Submission: Final versions of accepted papers must be submitted by 31-08-2024.
Important Dates
  • Paper Submission Deadline: 15-07-2024 **** Extended to 1-8-2024
  • Notification of Acceptance: 15-08-2024
  • Camera-Ready Paper Submission: 31-08-2024
  • Early Bird Registration Deadline: 20-08-2024
  • Conference Dates: 19-09-2024
Conference Proceedings
All accepted and presented papers will be published in the journals listed on the following website:
Special Sessions and Workshops
  • IESTI 2024 will also feature special sessions and workshops focusing on current trends and emerging topics in Engineering, Science, Technology, and Innovation. Proposals for special sessions and workshops can be submitted to: editor@academicedgepub.co.uk, by 1-8-2024.
Contact Information
For any inquiries regarding paper submissions or the conference, please contact:
We look forward to your participation in IESTI 2024 and to a successful conference!
We would like to extend our invitation to invite you to join the editorial board of the:
- Journal of Probiotics and Bioactive Molecules Research (JPBMR)
Please send an email including your full name, affiliation, CV, and mention the selected journal to the following email address: editor@academicedgepub.co.uk
Sincerely,
IESTI 2024 Organizing Committee
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شكرا جزيلا دكتور🙏🏻
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I built an AI powered tool that gives you a detailed PDF report on your manuscript to improve your chances of publication.
The report includes:
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- Quantitative scoring for each section
- Actionable recommendations with examples
It's $1 per upload to cover costs. The first 20 users can use discount code "FREE" to try it out now.
Would love to hear any feedback and thoughts - https://reviewmypaper.ai/
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That's a great question and definitely a valid concern of protecting IP!
Here's how data is handled:
- The manuscript is sent to our backend and deleted from our database within 72 hours of generating your report.
- In creating the review the only external service used is the OpenAI API, and they've explicitly stated "data sent to the OpenAI API will not be used to train or improve OpenAI models" [reference here](https://platform.openai.com/docs/models/how-we-use-your-data#:~:text=As%20of%20March%201%2C%202023%2C%20data%20sent%20to%20the%20OpenAI%20API%20will%20not%20be%20used%20to%20train%20or%20improve%20OpenAI%20models)
It won't save the data longer than it needs to and will never be used to train a model.
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I need help on this topic
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an interactive instructional methodology involving technology provided that learning resources and facilities are very much equipped between learners and students
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The concept of fine tuning suggests that each being gets one life in the material realm followed by an eternal afterlife. This view posits that life on Earth is intricately balanced and designed to support a singular physical existence, after which individuals transition to an eternal spiritual existence or afterlife.
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I have six ecosystems in two substrate categories (Triplicates essentially). I have determined shannon wiener index values for each ecosystem and also for the two categories separately. I have done this for two separate sets of data that were sampled in two separate years. Is it possible to statistically compare the development of the biodiversity between each of the categories i.e., the development of biodiveristy in ecosystem 1 between the two years, using the shannon wiener values somehow? Are there any other tests that could work? I am aware of the hutcheson t test however, some of my data is not normally distributed.
I would really appreciate some help!
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To statistically compare Shannon index values (a measure of diversity) between two years, you can use several methods depending on the data's nature and distribution. Here's a step-by-step guide:
1. Prepare Your Data
Ensure you have the Shannon index values for the two years. Your data might look something like this:
Year Shannon_Index
2022 2.3
2022 2.5
2022 2.1
2023 2.7
2023 2.8
2023 2.6
2. Check Normality
Determine if the Shannon index values follow a normal distribution. This can be done using tests such as the Shapiro-Wilk test.
3. Choose a Statistical Test
Based on the normality of the data, choose an appropriate test:
If data is normally distributed:
Use an independent t-test if the variances between the groups are equal (you can check for this using Levene's test).
Use Welch's t-test if the variances are not equal.
If data is not normally distributed:
Use a non-parametric test such as the Mann-Whitney U test (also known as the Wilcoxon rank-sum test).
4. Perform the Test
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RG
Could this 2mm Ancient diamondized embryo be Martian or remnants of a lost planet .
Ancient human related or could this be some type of Reptilian.
Ancient earth /Reptilian/ ET?
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I don't have an answer, but this is a very impressive question!!!!!
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These three areas are quite different, although they can touch on related ideas in some ways. Here's a breakdown:
  • Information theory: This is a branch of applied mathematics that focuses on quantifying, storing, and transmitting information. It uses concepts from probability and statistics to analyze how efficiently information can be communicated through channels with noise or limitations.
  • Concrete concepts: This refers to ideas that are well-defined, specific, and easy to grasp. They are not abstract or theoretical. Examples include the concept of a chair, the number 5, or the color red.
  • Critical rationalism: This is a philosophical approach to knowledge acquisition. It emphasizes the importance of testing and criticizing ideas to see if they hold up under scrutiny. It rejects the notion of absolute certainty and suggests that knowledge is always provisional, open to revision based on new evidence.
There might be some connections:
  • Information theory and concrete concepts: Information theory can be used to analyze how efficiently concrete concepts are communicated. For example, a simple concept like "red" might require fewer bits to transmit than a more complex idea.
  • Critical rationalism and information theory: Critical rationalism can be used to evaluate the quality of information itself. If information is incomplete, contradictory, or not well-sourced, then a critical rationalist approach would be to question its validity.
Overall, information theory is a mathematical framework, concrete concepts are specific ideas, and critical rationalism is a way of approaching knowledge. They are all valuable tools in different areas.
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Is it very literally subbing in shannon wiener index values instead of species abundances?
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By the laws of statistics, no crime, it is allowed.
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Dear Colleagues,
Peer-review isn't working well, and it needs an overhaul. In the time of artificial intelligence, blockchain, and remote work, it doesn't make sense to wait for months just to receive few lines rejecting an excellent manuscript or accepting a poor one!
Would you spend five minutes to answer a questionnaire on Google forms, and help SCIENEUM.io solve this problem for all of us?
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Write your comment below!
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Done, participated ! Good video Khalid M. Saqr
Reminded me to:
I. Bentov human evolution.
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La fractalidad en cuerpos y entornos complejos
Para abordar la desistematización y fractalidad como hipótesis al pensamiento complejo. Es relevante preguntarse: ¿Si no es un sistema, es un no sistema? Entonces, es incoherente reducir un entornos complejos a modelos de sistemas. Por lo tanto, es viable proponer que entornos complejos contienen o cuerpos complejos están compuestos de cuerpos complejos, los que a su vez podrían estar conteniendo a grupos complejos, entre los grupos diversos de tales cuerpos, encontramos a los sistemas. Lo cual, refleja el modelo de un fractal. Lo anterior basandonos en el modelo del cuerpo humano.
Cuerpos y entornos describen con mayor precisión al sistema complejo. Y concuerdan mejor con la teoría de la complejidad.
Los cuerpos y entornos complejos son fundamentales para comprender la teoría de la complejidad. Esta teoría se centra en entender los entornos que presentan interconexiones, comportamientos no lineales, autoorganización y emergencia de propiedades a partir de la interacción entre múltiples componentes o cuerpos. La aplicación de la teoría de la complejidad nos permite abordar fenómenos del mundo real de manera más precisa y completa, debido a que reconoce la naturaleza interconectada y dinámica de los sistemas complejos.
La fractalidad es una característica fascinante de los entornos complejos. Los fractales son patrones geométricos que se repiten a diferentes escalas, lo que los hace muy interesantes en campos como las matemáticas, la física, la biología y el arte.
La fractalidad se relaciona con cuerpos complejos de diversas maneras. Por ejemplo, en la naturaleza encontramos estructuras fractales en formas como los copos de nieve, las costas marítimas, las montañas, e incluso en la distribución de los árboles en un bosque. En el cuerpo humano, ciertas estructuras biológicas exhiben patrones fractales, como los pulmones y los sistemas vasculares. Además, en la ciencia de materiales, la fractalidad a menudo se utiliza para describir superficies rugosas y porosas. Esta conexión con los cuerpos complejos es un ejemplo de cómo la fractalidad es una herramienta útil para comprender y modelar fenómenos en el mundo real.
Definitivamente los procesos estocásticos y la fractalidad son características fundamentales de los entornos y cuerpos complejos. Los procesos estocásticos, que involucran elementos aleatorios o probabilísticos, son comunes en sistemas complejos, ya que reflejan la incertidumbre y la variabilidad presentes en muchos fenómenos naturales y sociales. Por otro lado, la presencia de patrones fractales en entornos y cuerpos complejos resalta la auto-similitud a diferentes escalas y la naturaleza irregular de muchos entornos del mundo real. Estas características proporcionan herramientas valiosas para modelar y comprender la complejidad inherente a una amplia gama de fenómenos, desde la distribución de poblaciones hasta la dinámica del clima.
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Hola Doctor!!!
Agradezco la atención prestada, es interesante su comentario.
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What counts as a bird? If feathers are a sine qua non, then it's not inconceivable that some early featherless flying critters evolved into feathered flying critters, in which case their birdhood evolved after the capacity for flight. Note that I said "some". The evolution of birds might have taken several paths with different sequences from a common nonbird ancestor.
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What is the difference between absorption and adsorption?
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The main difference is that while absorption involves the mass transfer of particles into another material (one substance absorbing another), adsorption takes place with the adhesion of particles onto the surface of a substance. absorption is the process in which a fluid dissolves by a liquid or a solid. In the case of Adsorption, the atoms, ions, or molecules from a substance adhere to a surface of the adsorbent
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Is the closest known living relative to a plesiosaur a sea turtle?
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Muhammad Ulmar is right about this question.
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Who (first) proposed/used/coined the term ‘translation’ in biology/genetics? What is the history behind the use of the word? Thank you!
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you're right, maybe one day there will be nobody in front of the screen
IA...loss of humanity
fred
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The norse god ODIN dates back to the second century BC, and he was worshipped through to the 8th-11th century AD.
Attila the Hun died in AD 453, therefore ODIN could not possibly be based upon him.
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One doesn't need to be a philosopher, but understanding philosophical concepts relevant to their field, like epistemology or ethics, can enhance critical thinking and methodology in science, promoting more robust and ethical research practices.
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The vastness or sustainability of a belief system doesn't necessarily indicate its plausibility. Plausibility depends on evidence, logical coherence, and consistency with observable phenomena, rather than the popularity or longevity of a belief. While a belief system's widespread acceptance or enduring nature may influence perceptions, plausibility is determined by its ability to withstand critical scrutiny and align with empirical reality.
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As a professional teacher, there is need to have a 'What' and 'How' of teaching? The what to teach, which is the subject content like Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics and the likes, and the 'How' to teach them, which is the pedagogical content knowledge.
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FJJJ
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The journal “microPublication Biology” has no impact factor. For this they need to be indexed in Clarivate’s ESCI or SCIE and they are not, you can check here https://mjl.clarivate.com/home
Still in a number of cases it might be interesting to publish here https://www.micropublication.org click on “About” and then on “What Should You microPublish?”
For sure it is a trusted organization behind this one.
Best regards.
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Our group are delighted to announce a research topic entitled "Renewed Insight into Cancer Mechanism and Therapy" for publication in Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers in Physiology, Frontiers in Oncology and Frontiers in medicine.
This topic amis at investigating renewed persipective on biological behavior of cancer, underlying therapeutic target for clinical practice as well as clinical interventions on cancer treatments. We are longing to devote new insights into this area.
We are searching for one or more researchers to participate in this organizing team who meet the following criteria
1. H-index over 15: the researcher should have an H-index greater than 15, which indicates the impact of the corresponding field.
2. No Retracted Publications: the researcher should have a clear record without restracted publications to identify academic integrity.
3. Non-Chinese affiliation: acording to the requirement from Frontiers, the research who is willing to join our group should not belong to any Chinese affiliation owing to team diversity.
This is a special chance to collaborate with outstanding researchers in Caner biology and Cancer therapy.
Responsibilities of collaborators
1. Contribute to frame and conception of research topic
2. Assist in inviting submissions, revewing manuscript and editing content
3. Engage in promotion of the research topic in academic and professional network.
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Hello,
I am interested in helping, Please message me with details.
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Currently, in Japan, physics, chemistry, biology, and geology are taught independently in science education context. So I would like to know, has any country developed a curriculum that emphasizes the relationship or overlaps between these four fields? I know that similar movement is occurring under the name of "STEM integration." But how about the case of physics, chemistry, biology, and geology? (Or I should say "PCBG integration") I would appreciate it if you could let me know anything.
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Well, thanks for sharing a Wonderful Research Question for Future Research about School Education, which deals with questions about curriculum to integrate physics, chemistry, biology, and geology (PCBG integration) as well.
While, it seems that all of it also refers to the Proposed Education of Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Math with Cymatics in High Schools with Hypothesis and Research of Philselfology as discussed in the following Research Proposal:
Now, it simply seems to raise a question of "Is it possible to have a Single or Common Subject of Education with Research for Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Math with Cymatics in High Schools?", and thus it is requested here as a question, where Name of Philselfology is also proposed for all of it as a Single, Common and Unified Subject as well.
It is also discussed more here as well:
ResearchGate Question and Discussion Reference: [1] Is it possible to have a Single or Common Subject of Education with Research for Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Math with Cymatics in High Schools? (https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_it_possible_to_have_a_Single_or_Common_Subject_of_Education_with_Research_for_Physics_Chemistry_Biology_and_Math_with_Cymatics_in_High_Schools)
Thanks for your precious time!
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Most of the researchers use to teach at university. In some careers, professionals who exert their profession without doing research share teaching spaces. When I was a chemistry student, 100% of my teachers were researchers ranging from PhD candidates to experts in their respective fields. While it may seem logical for researchers to be the best candidates to teach in fields such as chemistry or biology, what about healthcare-related fields like medicine, pharmacy, or biochemistry? Who is better suited to lead a class, a researcher or a professional, or both, each one in different subjects? We can distinguish between basic and clinical subjects. I am interested in hearing your thoughts on this matter.
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