Biokinetics - Science topic

Many Human Movement Science (HMS) lecturers in South Africa seek to implement evidence-based teaching practices to improve student success, yet little research explores whether SoTL literature meets their needs. This study examines how Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) literature in Biokinetics, Sport Science, Coaching Science, Recreation...

Many Human Movement Science (HMS) lecturers in South Africa seek to implement evidence-based teaching practices to improve student success, yet little research explores whether SoTL literature meets their needs. This study examines how Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) literature in Biokinetics, Sport Science, Coaching Science, Recreation...

Microbial growth responses of probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG with well-documented health effects were studied in an oat-based milk alternative in the biokinetic temperature range of 8 to 44 °C. The applied Baranyi model (with a fixed parameter value h 0 = 0.407) fitted the growth data well, as shown by the goodness of fit measures ( R ²...

The study compares exposures to the lung caused by inhalation of radon and radon progeny with lung doses from external low-LET radiation. For this purpose, lung cancer risks, lifetime effects and radiation detriments from chronic exposure to radon in homes and workplaces are calculated. The calculations apply accepted risk models derived from studi...

Single-molecule fluorescence assays enable high-resolution analysis of biomolecular dynamics, but traditional analysis pipelines are labor-intensive and rely on users' experience, limiting scalability and reproducibility. Recent deep learning models have automated aspects of data processing, yet many still require manual thresholds, complex archite...

Understanding the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental and lifestyle exposures is essential for advancing precision medicine and public health. The exposome, defined as the sum of all environmental exposures an individual encounters throughout their lifetime, complements genomic data by elucidating how external and internal ex...

The safety of aluminium (Al) exposure from sources such as food, parenteral nutrition or adjuvanted medicinal products is still a matter of uncertainty. Since toxicokinetic studies in humans are lacking, model predictions are warranted for risk assessment. Recently, we established a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model for Al built on a...

Purpose 203/212Pb is a promising theranostic isotope pair for targeted alpha therapy (TAT) of neuroendocrine tumors (NET). VMT-α-NET is a novel SSTR2 targeting peptide that can be labeled with both isotopes. The aim of this work was to perform first clinical investigations of [203/212Pb]Pb-VMT-α-NET regarding imaging, biokinetics, tolerability and...

Purpose This study aimed to determine a mathematical model for accurately calculating time-integrated activities (TIAs) of target tissue in ¹³¹ I therapy for benign thyroid disease using the population-based model selection and non-linear mixed-effects (PBMS-NLME) method. Methods Biokinetic data of ¹³¹ I in target tissue were collected from sevent...

Purpose Radioiodine ( ¹³¹ I) dosimetry is used to maximise tumour dose while reducing the chances of toxicity. High thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) levels are required for ¹³¹ I treatment, achieved through hormone withdrawal or intramuscular injection of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH). Both approaches have shown equivalent results, with the rhTSH...

Background Nowadays, dynamic risk stratification (DRS) is the chosen strategy for monitoring papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, other variables contribute information to optimise monitoring. The objective of this study was to analyse the quantitative parameters of the single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) i...

Birds are bioindicators of anthropogenic environmental stress, including the changes caused by radioactive contamination of ecosystems. Any radiation-induced biological effects can be the consequence of exposure both after hatching and during the embryonic period. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify radiation doses to the embryo when interpretin...

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy and precision of single-time-point (STP) dosimetry using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model with non-linear mixed-effects modelling (NLMEM). Methods Biokinetic data of [¹¹¹In]In-DOTA-TATE in tumours, kidneys, liver, spleen, and whole body were collected from eight pati...

This study aimed to revisit previous in-vitro thorium studies on workers and reevaluate their significance against the current International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) models for thorium intake. Thorium concentrations in the urine and blood serum of Western Australian mineral sands workers had previously been interpreted using bio...

A plant's development is strongly linked to the water and carbon (C) flows in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Ongoing climate shifts will alter the water and C cycles and affect plant phenotypes. Comprehensive models that simulate mechanistically and dynamically the feedback loops between water and C fluxes in the soil-plant system are useful...

Biokineticists are clinical exercise specialists who often establish private practices in clinical settings or engage in various entrepreneurial activities in the healthcare industry. However, their entrepreneurial competencies and how formal education prepares them for the healthcare industry have not been previously studied. A convergent parallel...

Background: For breast cancer staging, radiolabeled colloids and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are used for sentinel lymph node (SLN) imaging. This study characterized the intranodal activity distribution and absorbed dose distribution. Material and Methods: Six patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer were intradermally...

Industrial upscaling of algae-based carbon capture based on gaseous CO2 substrate faces challenges related to CO2 transport, storage, dissolution and leakages. The use of an indirect bicarbonate/carbonate system to shuttle carbon to the culture offers a flexible alternative, though their high pH and hypersalinity limits compatibility with many stra...

About one-fifth of people in industrialised countries are tattooed, potentially putting them at risk of exposure to possible carcinogenic or otherwise harmful substances. This study aims to determine the exposure to soluble tattoo ink ingredients and their excretion within 24 h after tattooing. In this clinical study, 24 subjects were tattooed with...

Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been recognized as one of the most viable options for the treatment of a wide range of waste materials. Complex structure of wastes is safely broken down to destroy pollutants and pathogens. Biogas is produced as a by-product of this process which is considered as a clean energy resource. However, provision of controlle...

In the growing field of personalized medicine, non-invasive wearable devices and sensors are valuable diagnostic tools for the real-time monitoring of physiological and biokinetic signals. Among all the possible multiple (bio)-entities, pH is important in defining health-related biological information, since its variations or alterations can be con...

Cell-based test methods with a phenotypic readout are frequently used for toxicity screening. However, guidance on how to validate the hits and how to integrate this information with other data for purposes of risk assessment is missing. We present here such a procedure and exemplify it with a case study on neural crest cell (NCC)-based development...

This paper introduces a Four Element Strategy (FES) focused on concentration of CO 2 gas (C c,g), energy input to the process, concentration of nutrients, and the type of algal strain to maximize biofuel production (BY P) from algae strains and evaluate associated economic benefits. Two algal strains encompassing slain algae Nanno-chloropsis sp. (N...

Background: 18-F fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) is the most common tracer in whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for cancer. The diagnostic information gained from a 18F-FDG is beneficial, but the administration of radioactive material always comes with an increased risk of secondary cancer. The objective of this paper was to...

Understanding the nutritional and metabolic physiology of aquatic organisms is essential for optimizing aquaculture practices and informing ecological models. We investigated the influence of dietary composition, specifically the incorporation of multienzyme extract derived from Pleoticus muelleri waste, on the growth and metabolic processes of juv...

Purpose: 68 Ga-Trivehexin is a PET tracer targeting αvβ6-integrin, a transmembrane receptor that is frequently expressed by pancreatic cancer cells. This study aimed to determine the biokinetics, image contrast, and acquisition parameters for 68 Ga-Trivehexin PET imaging in pancreatic cancers. Methods: 44 patients with pancreatic cancer underwent...

This study concentrated on determining the levels of uranium present in drinking water samples obtained from various locations throughout the Shahdol district in Madhya Pradesh, India. In this assessment a LED fluorimeter Quantalase (LF-2a) was utilized. Uranium, being a radioactive substance, can be hazardous to health when consumed in significant...

The Biokinetics research project utilizes kinetic design to optimize algae growth in a photobioreactor facade system. Depending on the species and growing conditions, algae can double in biomass every 24 to 48 hours while sequestering twice their weight in CO 2 from the atmosphere. This project incorporates photobioreactor modules for the algae cul...

This review examines the significant influence of Digital Twins (DTs) and their variant, Digital Human Twins (DHTs), on the healthcare field. DTs represent virtual replicas that encapsulate both medical and physiological characteristics—such as tissues, organs, and biokinetic data—of patients. These virtual models facilitate a deeper understanding...

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) exhibit significant seasonal variability, making accurate predictions with conventional biokinetic models difficult due to complex and poorly understood biochemical processes. This study addresses these challenges by exploring data-driven alternatives, using long short-term memo...

The presence of Cesium-137 ( ¹³⁷ Cs) in the environment after nuclear accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi raises many health issues for the surrounding populations chronically exposed through the food chain. Unlike previous in vivo studies that focused solely on male exposures, this experimental research aims to assess the biodistribution...

Our study pertains to the uranium concentration in the drinking water and its biokinetics of the retention and dose delivered to body organs of the residents of 50 villages of the Patiala district of the Punjab State where U content is higher than the safe limit of 30 ppb fixed by WHO. U content values vary from 38.0 µg/L (Uppli) to 267.0 µg/L (Ahr...

This study evaluates the efficacy of [¹³¹I]I-ERIC1 in targeting and inhibiting the growth of SCLC tumors in mice, focusing on tumor accumulation and regression and potential side effects. NCAM-positive NCI-H69 SCLC cells were implanted in CB 17 SCID mice, and [¹³¹I]I-ERIC1 biokinetics were measured in organs and tissues at four post-injection time...

In this study, we assessed the concentration of electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and the impact of temperature on the performance of various bio-adsorbents in packed bed units. The bio-adsorbents used were plantain stem fiber, banana stem fiber, and palm fruit fiber. The objective was to evaluate how EC, TDS, and temperat...

NanoBioAccumulate is a free-to-use web-based tool hosted on the Enalos DIAGONAL Cloud Platform (https://www.enaloscloud.novamechanics.com/diagonal/pbpk/) that provides users with the capability to model and predict the uptake and bioaccumulation of nanomaterials (NMs) by soil and aquatic invertebrates using two common first-order one-compartment bi...

Single‐use bioreactors (SUB) have made a significant impact on the field of bioprocessing, becoming increasingly popular for biomolecule synthesis due to their many advantages, such as minimizing contamination risks and streamlining processes. Extensive research has been conducted on the hydrodynamic conditions within single‐use bioreactors, with a...

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has developed the reference Human Respiratory Tract Model (HRTM), detailed in ICRP Publications 66 and 130, to estimate the deposition and clearance of inhaled radionuclides. These models utilize reference anatomical and physiological parameters for particle deposition (PD). Biokinetic...

This report aims to provide a comprehensive background to promote and define future research to optimize radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT). For this purpose, experts on several domains, have reviewed relevant literature until December 2022, paying special attention to the present status, challenges and identified gaps related to internal dosimetry...

In 2016, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has revised the biokinetic models for carbon and tritium in Publication 134 to calculate the dose coefficients of these radionuclides for workers. The following publication for members of the public is now in the process of revising by the ICRP. According to the draft manuscrip...

Tattooing is an ancient art form widely practiced among Special Operations Forces (SOF) personnel. The ink injected into skin tissue during tattooing often contains various compounds, including impurities and contaminants, which can pose health risks. This article provides an overview of recent research to inform SOF medical personnel about the pot...

In this research work, a new software tool concept and its application for the rapid and flexible development of mechanistic digital twin core models for bioprocesses in various reactor designs are presented. The newly developed software tool concept automatically combines user-selected submodels into an overall digital twin core model. The main pa...

The hydrolase-catalyzed kinetic resolution of fluorinated racemates of 3-arylcarboxylic acids is described. Hydrolysis of ethyl esters of fluorinated acids by esterases and hydrolases in all cases resulted in the formation of hydrolyzed (S)-carboxylic acids and unreacted (R)-esters in high yields and high enantiomeric purity. The influence of separ...

The hard-shell mussels Mytilus coruscus have been extensively employed in pollution biomonitoring. Earlier studies indicated that metal concentrations in Mytilus coruscus may not accurately reflect the true metal contamination levels in the sampling areas, possibly due to their modified metal uptake and efflux. Given the likelihood of mussels in th...

Introduction: The Bayesian approach has found wide application for the tasks of estimating doses of internal exposure under various intake scenarios. The South Ural Institute of Biophysics has accumulated considerable experience in using the Bayesian approach to estimate the expected effective doses of internal exposure for current individual dosim...

Human exposure to high concentrations of uranium is a major concern due to the risk of developing numerous internal organ malignancies over time. In addition to the numerous attributes of uranium in the nuclear power industry, the radiological characteristics and chemical toxicity of uranium present a substantial risk to human health. This study ai...

This study aimed to comprehend the spoilage of cooked turkey ham caused by various Leuconostoc species using multivariate analysis to link the growth of these microorganisms, pH kinetics, and mesophilic counts for predicting ham spoilage at 8 and 12 °C. The methodology assesses changes in Leuconostoc spp. growth behaviour using the Baranyi and Robe...

Background About one-fifth of people in industrialised countries are tattooed, potentially putting them at risk of exposure to possible carcinogenic or otherwise harmful substances. Health risks are directly correlated with the amounts of substances introduced, yet reliable data on the systemic exposure to tattoo inks are lacking. Objectives This...

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects quality of life (QoL) in those living with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) through the loss of independence, sociability and creates feelings of shame. Knowledge pertaining to metamemory and cognitive interventions for PD in exercise rehabilitation is limited. This exploratory study aimed to determine the level of m...

Global fertilizer production and mismanagement significantly contribute to many harmful environmental impacts, revealing the need for a greater understanding of crop growth and nutrient uptake, which can be used to optimize fertilizer management. This study experimentally adapts first-principles microbial modeling techniques to the hydroponic culti...

Chronic inflammation underpins many severe diseases, often requiring anti-inflammatory drugs that can have adverse effects. Medicinal herbs offer an alternative but suffer from poor solubility, limiting their efficacy. Nanotechnology, particularly zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), presents a promising solution to enhance the therapeutic potential...

Folate, a vital water‐soluble vitamin (B9), requires specific attention as its recommended daily intake frequently is not reached in countries without mandatory fortification. In this regard, biofortification with microorganisms like Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus offers a compelling approach for enhancing food with natural folates. A randomized...

Our study provides the most comprehensive dataset for high-precision radiogenic isotopes of lead (Pb) in blood for the western European population. It investigates their potential for elucidating the contribution of soil Pb to blood Pb using a human biomonitoring survey involving 81 adults and 4 children living in the urban area of Liège (Belgium)....

Nuclear industry workers exposed to uranium aerosols may risk kidney damage and radiation-induced cancer. This warrants the need for well-established dose and risk assessments, which can be greatly improved by using material-specific absorption parameters in the ICRP Human Respiratory Tract Model. The present study focuses on the evaluation of the...

Hand grip strength (HGS) is a physiological variable that is affected by several factors including age, gender and body size among others. The power of grip is the result of forceful flexion of all finger joints with the maximum voluntary force that the subject is able to exert under normal biokinetic conditions. This study was designed to determin...

Tofu wastewater is a nitrogen-rich wastewater type with a high concentration of organic contents. To enhance the digestion rate of tofu wastewater in an anaerobic bioreactor, water hyacinth was tested as an additional substrate. Water hyacinth is a dangerous weed with a high carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of about 30-35. Substrate combination was inte...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), ubiquitous in a myriad of consumer and industrial products, and depending on the doses of exposure represent a hazard to both environmental and public health, owing to their persistent, mobile, and bio accumulative properties. These substances exhibit long half-lives in humans and can induce potential imm...

يهدف البحث الى: التعرف على تأثير التمرينات البدنية الخاصة في بعض المتغيرات البايوكينماتيكية لأداء التهديف للركلات الحرة المباشرة من منطقة يمين المرمى بكرة القدم للشباب. التعرف على تأثير التمرينات البدنية الخاصة في مؤشر دقة التهديف للركلات الحرة المباشرة من منطقة يمين المرمى بكرة القدم للشباب.

The current global food system produces substantial waste and carbon emissions while exacerbating the effects of global hunger and protein deficiency. This study aims to address these challenges by exploring the use of lignocellulosic agricultural residues as feedstocks for microbial protein fermentation, focusing on Fusarium venenatum A3/5, a myce...

During a nuclear/radiological incident or an accident involving internal intakes with radioactive cobalt or strontium, the recommended treatments, consisting of the administration of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid for ⁶⁰ Co and calcium gluconate for ⁹⁰ Sr, are of low specificity, and their effectiveness can be enhanced. In this manuscript, a li...

Introduction: We performed an exposure-based Next Generation Risk Assessment case read-across study using New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) to determine the highest safe concentration of daidzein in a body lotion, based on its similarities with its structural analogue, genistein. Two assumptions were: (1) daidzein is a new chemical and its dietary...

The epidemiological approach to converting radon exposure to effective dose is examined. Based on the definition of the effective dose, the dose conversion is obtained from the equivalence of lung-specific detriment associated with low-LET radiation and with radon exposure. This approach most reliably estimates effective dose per radon exposure on...

The autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) process stands as a modern wastewater treatment method used for sludge digestion. This process uses thermophilic microbes, such as Thermotogaceae and Clostridiaceae, to break down organic waste naturally without needing external energy sources. This makes it a good way to stabilize the waste, by...

Objective. To assess potential variations in the absorbed dose between Chinese and Caucasian children exposed to ¹⁸F-FDG PET scan and to investigate the factors contributing to dose differences, this work employed patient-specific phantoms and our compartment model for calculating the patient-specific absorbed dose in Chinese children. Approach. Da...

Activity of the radionuclides and the doses because of sharp intake of 1 Bq of a long lived radionuclide (133 Ba) and a short lived radionuclide (99m Tc) have been calculated based on the human alimentary tract model (HATM) through ingestion. Due to ingestion maximum radiation dose is deposited in the alimentary tract, which consists of seven tissu...

Simple Summary Ram sperm are easily affected by cold shock and ice crystal damage during cryopreservation. Appropriate dilutions and freezing methods are crucial as they can provide energy to sperm, maintain a stable environment, minimize the formation of ice crystals, and ultimately impact the cryopreservation of semen. However, there is a lack of...

Circulating T-lymphocytes are used as "natural biodosimeters" for estimating radiation doses, since the frequency of chromosomal aberrations induced in them is proportional to the accumulated dose. Moreover, stable chromosomal aberrations (translocations) are detected years and decades after exposure. Internal incorporation of radionuclides often l...

The design and optimization of wastewater treatment require information about its characteristics and biokinetic parameters. Specifically, determining the maximum respiration rate (r O2max) and the dissolved oxygen affinity constant (K O2) would enhance the plant's aeration efficiency. Aeration is crucial in biological processes to ensure the biode...

Farmed soils contribute substantially to global warming by emitting N2O (ref. ¹), and mitigation has proved difficult². Several microbial nitrogen transformations produce N2O, but the only biological sink for N2O is the enzyme NosZ, catalysing the reduction of N2O to N2 (ref. ³). Although strengthening the NosZ activity in soils would reduce N2O em...

Biokinetic models play a fundamental role in radiological protection by providing a framework to understand the behaviour of radionuclides within the human body. This chapter explores the evolution of reference biokinetic models, focusing on default respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and systemic models for specific radionuclides. Biokinetic...

This chapter provides an overview of dose evaluation methods for assessing internal radiation exposure and highlights the importance of understanding uncertainties in dose calculations. It discusses three categories of dose calculation models: intake, systemic, and dosimetric, which describe the absorption, distribution, and excretion of radioactiv...

Background Lead (Pb) content in lipsticks and potential life-long exposure of which might cause severe effects in consumers are an important concern for public. Thus, studies emphasize that lead exposure has no safe levels. Methods From 10 different brands, in total, 25 solid, gloss and creamy lipsticks are deployed from Turkish markets that are a...

Introduction: The biokinetics of radioiodine (RAI) in thyroid cancer patients are complex. This study aims to develop a practical approach for assessing RAI biokinetics to predict patient discharge time and estimate radiation exposure to caregivers. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma underg...

Aims: The michaelis-menten biokinetic model was used for the determination of key biokinetic parameters; maximum specific rate constant () and michaelis-menten constant () including the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (TPAH) degradation rate equation in the biostimulation of spent engine oil (SEO)-contaminated soil using vernonia amygdalina l...

Birds are bioindicators of anthropogenic environmental stress, including the changes caused by radioactive contamination of the ecosystems. The early stage of development is the most radiosensitive period. Therefore, it is necessary to assess embryo's exposure dose when interpreting observed radiobiological effects in birds. This is especially true...

Nitrogen removal through anammox is well-known for its low cost and less CO 2 emissions, in this process ammonium converted into nitrogen gas with the help of anammox. It is hypothesized that the presence of electrodes in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket-microbial fuel cell (UASB-MFC) might increase nitrogen removal. In order to check this, two expe...

Background In order to ensure adequate radiation protection of critical groups such as staff, caregivers and the general public coming into proximity of nuclear medicine (NM) patients, it is necessary to consider the impact of the radiation emitted by the patients during their stay at the hospital or after leaving the hospital. Current risk assessm...

Stable isotope analysis has been broadly used to study food webs, but often relies on inaccurate assumptions of trophic isotopic discriminations, which could lead to misinterpretation of obtained results. While many taxa exhibit similar trophic discrimination factors (TDFs), crayfish, exhibit omnivorous feeding strategies, yet TDFs are missing. In...

Recently, we reported a new fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitor radiopharmaceutical based on the 99mTc-((R)-1-((6-hydrazinylnicotinoyl)-D-alanyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) boronic acid (99mTc-HYNIC-D-Alanine-BoroPro)(99mTc-HYNIC-iFAP) structure for tumor microenvironment SPECT imaging. This research aimed to synthesize ⁶⁸Ga-[2,2′,2″,2‴-(2-(4-(2-(5...

The study optimized a step-feed anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor (AO-MBR) with methanol addition, an existing biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process, to improve total nitrogen (TN) removal and to reduce operating costs. Methanol, utilized as an external carbon source, was costly, which led to examining ways to reduce its usage by adjusting the op...

This study aimed to elucidate the potential of Pseudomonas species to degrade furfuryl alcohol (FA), a widely used furanic compound. FA-based resins and biopolymers have applications in various sectors, leading to the gradual discharge of FA into the environment through industrial wastewater. The objective was to find an eco-friendly solution for r...