Biokinetics - Science topic

Elevated soil lead (Pb) concentrations in public parks and outdoor spaces continue to have a significant impact on the public health of urban communities. This study evaluated the geospatial and statistical relationships between soil Pb concentrations, the urban environment, and child blood lead levels (BLLs) in the neighborhood of South Philadelph...

In dry rivers, urban wastewater discharge forms a pond in the dry period, and surface runoff shapes a longer pond in the wet period. A water quality management model developed for dry rivers is applied on Wadi Rumah in Saudi Arabia. The sub-basin was delineated from 30-m × 30-m spatial resolution digital elevation model. Hydrologic loss, runoff rat...

The spread of published values of the rate of methane uptake by soils makes up several orders of magnitude from 0.0001 to 1 mgm-2h-1, which is comparable in magnitude to the spread of estimates of the release of CH4 out of waterlogged soils. The high values of CH4 emissions out of waterlogged soils are well explained, since with high methane produc...

Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive noble gas, contributes significantly to lung cancer when incorporated from our natural environment. However, despite having unknown underlying mechanisms, radon is also used for therapeutic purposes to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Data on the distribution and accumulation of rado...

The objective of this study was to establish and to mathematically describe the phenol degrading properties of a new Acinetobacter towneri CFII-87 strain, isolated from a bioreactor treating landfill leachate. For this purpose, the biokinetic parameters of phenol biodegradation at various initial phenol concentrations of the A. towneri CFII-87 stra...

[ ²²³ Ra]RaCl 2 and [ ²²⁴ Ra]RaCl 2 are bone seekers, emitting high LET, and short range (< 100 μm) alpha-particles. Both radionuclides show similar decay properties; the total alpha energies are comparable ( ²²³ Ra: ≈28 MeV, ²²⁴ Ra: ≈26 MeV). [ ²²⁴ Ra]RaCl 2 has been used from the mid-1940s until 1990 for treating different bone and joint diseases...

In this work, various concepts and features of anthocyanins have been comprehensively reviewed, taking the benefits of the scientific publications released mainly within the last five years. Within the paper, common topics such as anthocyanin chemistry and occurrence, including the biosynthesis of anthocyanins emphasizing the anthocyanin formation...

The introduction to the modern research included, as there is a large group of different situations and movements for stretching and callanetics exercises, all of which aim to achieve what the body needs in building and developing its kinetic abilities under scientific or educational controls to achieve the purpose for which those exercises were de...

Background: Head-loading, as a mode of transporting food, water and firewood, is a longstanding tradition assigned to female South African youth and has been associated with adverse health consequences. Objectives: This study determined the impact of head-loading on the neuromusculoskeletal health and proprioception of female South African youth....

The use of kinetic coefficients for the mathematical expression of biochemical processes and the relationship between effective parameters is importance. Change of biokinetic coefficients in the complete-mix activated sludge processes were calculated for 1 month operation in three series of activated sludge model (ASM) in a pilot-scale. 15 mT inten...

Background This study was conducted to provide much needed information on the potential of low solubility, highly biodurable nanoparticles (NPs) (TiO2 and CeO2 NPs), to bioaccumulate in fish and to investigate the relationship between an engineered nanomaterials surface coating, uptake and biokinetics in vivo. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) we...

Attached-growth systems are biological wastewater treatment processes with biomass attached to a media for organic matter and nutrient removal from wastewater. In this regard, bioreactors containing biocarriers have been successful by far with few limitations. The impact of bio-carrier materials type and properties on wastewater treatment is one im...

A mathematical model for estimating the characteristics of the process of thermal inactivation of vegetative bacterial cells and their spores is presented. The model relates the change rate of the number of living cells as a nonlinear kinetic dependence of the p-th order, and the temperature constant of their inactivation rate is the Arrhenius func...

Background: Blood flow restriction (BFR) training uses a cuff to partially occlude venous blood flow and improve musculoskeletal training outcomes. Over the past 25 years, numerous studies have demonstrated its relative safety and efficacy. Objectives: Blood flow restriction training is under review by the Health Professions Council of South Afric...

The conventional disposal of green straws through burning can be eliminated in a biorefinery that converts them into a range of sustainable commercial products. However, this leads to the generation of green straw biorefinery effluent (GSBE). Green straw biorefineries discharge wastewater into the ecosystem that contains high concentrations of COD...

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors with Pembrolizumab shows potential to be used as a first-line in cancer treatment. A biodistribution study could be used to maximize efficacy and minimize the risk of the treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to describe the biodistribution of the 89Zr-Pembrolizumab. This study aims to create a mathematical...

Activated sludge model 1 (ASM1) is a biokinetic model of the activated sludge wastewater treatment process, which has several uncertain parameters and complex chemical reaction processes. This model is often used in simulations to assess whether the effluent quality of wastewater meets discharge standards. Accurate and rapid estimation of the param...

Kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon interactions with alum-based water treatment residuals (WTR) in the biostimulation of crude oil-polluted soil are very important because they reveal how long the WTR bind with the hydrocarbon to control its fate and transport in the soil. In this study, we used Michaelis-Menten biokinetic model to determine two imp...

Students of the Health Science professions of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, and Biokinetics share mutual subjects detailing human bodily functions, as well as their pathology and subsequent rehabilitation, as such sharing similarly factors influencing academic success. Factors influencing students’ academic success include matriculation scor...

Decommissioning fission and fusion facilities can result in the production of airborne particles containing tritium that could inadvertently be inhaled by workers directly involved in the operations, and potentially others, resulting in internal exposures to tritium. Of particular interest in this context, given the potentially large masses of mate...

Biodegradation is the economically viable solution to restore land contaminated by hazardous pollutants such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). The present study focuses on the biodegradation of benzo(a)pyrene by Sphingobacterium spiritovorum in contaminated soil. The biodegradation kinetics and bacterial growth were evaluated while the biokinetic model that...

Activated sludge is the conventional biological unit for treating paper-mill wastewater using microorganism activities without adding some chemicals. The dynamic condition of the activated sludge requires several approaches to estimate biological kinetic (biokinetics) modelling based on unsteady conditions. General parameters of biokinetics in acti...

The pulp and paper industry has been recognized as one of the largest users of water worldwide. Water is used in nearly every step of the manufacturing process. It generates significant amounts of wastewater and leftover sludge, creating several problems for wastewater treatment, discharge, and sludge disposal. Adopting the most effective and econo...

Note: Please see pdf for full abstract with equations. Purpose This project aims to develop and evaluate a method for accurately determining time-integrated activities (TIAs) in single-time-point (STP) dosimetry for molecular radiotherapy (MRT). It performs a Model Selection (MS) within the framework of the Non-Linear Mixed-Effects (NLME) model (MS...

Background The Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children (IEUBK model) was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to support assessments of health risks to children from exposures to lead (Pb). Objective This study evaluated performance of IEUBK model (v2.0) as it would be typically applied at Superfund sites...

Agro-waste management processes are evolving through the development of novel experimental approaches to understand the mechanisms in reducing their pollution levels efficiently and economically from industrial effluents. Agro-industrial effluent (AIE) from biorefineries that contain high concentrations of COD and color are discharged into the ecos...

The field experiment is concerned with the study of the effect of compound exercises using light and sound stimuli, as well as the use of rubber ropes and some auxiliary training aids, and to develop some motor abilities that help the athlete to integrate several motor skills in an orderly and sequential manner, as well as performing movements unde...

A baseline compartmental model (relative to modeling decorporation) of the distribution and retention of plutonium (Pu) in the rat for a systemic intake is derived. The model is derived from data obtained from a study designed to evaluate the behavior of plutonium in the first 28 days after incorporation. The model is based on a recently published...

Since neurotensin (NT) receptors of subtype-1 (NTS1) are expressed by different types of malignant tumors, such as pancreatic adenocarcinoma, colorectal and prostate carcinoma, they represent an interesting target for tumor imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) and endoradiotherapy. Previously reported neurotensin-derived NTS1 ligands for P...

The bioluminescence activity and biokinetics of a recombinant Pseudomonas putida mt-2 were investigated in the presence of various inducers: three chlorotoluenes (CTs) and two nitrotoluenes (NTs). The effects of binary mixtures (40 combinations) of eleven inducers on the bioluminescence activity were also studied. Different responses and toxicities...

Biogas from anaerobic digestion (AD), as an important alternative to fossil fuels, has contributed to energy recovery and environmental sustainability. Incomplete or inefficient mixing within anaerobic reactors can result in poor biogas production or energy wastage. Thus, identifying mixing performance is meaningful for the digester design, operati...

Purpose: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands is a method for imaging of prostate cancer. A recent tracer, 18 F-PSMA-1007, offers advantages concerning production and biokinetics compared to the standard tracer (68 Ga-PSMA-11). Until now, radiation dosimetry data for this...

Citation: Cruz-Nova, P.; Ocampo-García, B.; Carrión-Estrada, D.A.; Briseño-Diaz, P.; Ferro-Flores, G.; Jiménez-Mancilla, N.; Correa-Basurto, J.; Bello, M.; Vega-Loyo, L.; Thompson-Bonilla, M.d.R.; et al. 131 I-C19 Iodide Radioisotope and Synthetic I-C19 Compounds as K-Ras4B-PDE6δ

In 40–50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases, K-Ras gene mutations occur, which induce the expression of the K-Ras4B oncogenic isoform. K-Ras4B is transported by phosphodiesterase-6δ (PDE6δ) to the plasma membrane, where the K-Ras4B–PDE6δ complex dissociates and K-Ras4B, coupled to the plasma membrane, activates signaling pathways that favor cancer a...

Wastewater treatment is an energy-intensive process for treating liquid-phase pollutants in urban settlements. The aerobic processes of the biological treatment involve a significant air demand. An optimal control strategy could be used to minimize the amount of excess air entering the system due to safety factors applied in the design procedures....

Abstract Despite a significantly improved dietary iodine supply, solitary toxic thyroid nodules (STN) are still a common clinical problem in former iodine deficient areas. Radioiodine treatment (RIT) is a well-established therapeutic option with few side effects and high success rates. As radioiodine biokinetics are individual for every patient, th...

In the case of nuclear incidents, radioiodine may be released. After incorporation, it accumulates in the thyroid and enhances the risk of thyroidal dysfunctions and cancer occurrence by internal irradiation. Pregnant women and children are particularly vulnerable. Therefore, thyroidal protection by administering a large dose of stable (non-radioac...

The importance of the study was manifested in obtaining accurate scientific information, through the biomechanical analysis of the two patterns of rapid crushing beating in front and behind the stomach, to know the strengths and weaknesses in the performance of these two patterns, when measuring the levels of exerted force, and the manifestations o...

Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modeling has been increasingly used since the beginning of the 21st century to support dose selection to be used in preclinical and clinical safety studies in the pharmaceutical sector. For chemical safety assessment, the use of PBK has also found interest, however, to a smaller extent, although an internationall...

Over the past 15 years, numerous studies have been conducted on the use of nanocarbons as biomaterials towards such applications as drug delivery systems, cancer therapy, and regenerative medicine. However, the clinical use of nanocarbons remains elusive, primarily due to short‐ and long‐term safety concerns. It is essential that the biosafety of e...

In specific situations such as bathing in a radon spa, where the radon activity concentration in thermal water is far higher than that in air, it has been revealed that radon uptake via skin can occur and should be considered for more precise dose evaluation. The primary aim of the present study was to numerically demonstrate the distribution as we...

The continuous exposure of young children to low levels of lead is a public health concern since it is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental effects. Drinking water is a potentially important source of lead exposure for children. In the present study, lead concentrations from a public dataset that contains 27,734 regulatory water samples colle...

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is highly expressed on the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) of the tumor stroma. Recently, we reported the preclinical evaluation and clinical biokinetics of a novel 99mTc-labeled FAP inhibitor radioligand ([99mTc]Tc-iFAP). This research aimed to evaluate [99mTc]Tc-iFAP for the tumor stroma imaging of six diff...

15 ، ‫ميسان‬ ‫منتخب‬ ‫يمثلون‬ ‫العب‬) ‫النتائج‬ ‫اظهرت‬ ‫و‬ ‫المستقل‬ ‫المتغير‬ ‫ان‬ (‫ة‬ ‫الكر‬ ‫انطالق‬ ‫سرعة‬) ‫ي‬ ‫بقياس‬ ‫للتنبؤ‬ ‫صلح‬ (‫قوس‬ ‫جانبي‬ ‫من‬ ‫الثابت‬ ‫التهديف‬ ‫وسرعة‬ ‫دقة‬ ‫اء‬ ‫الجز‬) ‫لالعبين‬ ‫الناشئين‬ ‫ة‬ ‫بكر‬ ‫القدم‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫المستقل‬ ‫المتغير‬ ‫ان‬ (‫السرعة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫الكر‬ ‫ضرب‬ ‫لحظة‬ ‫اكلة‬ ‫الر‬ ‫للقدم‬ ‫المحيطية‬) ‫ي‬ ‫ب...

This study encompasses investigation of treatment of pistachio processing industry wastewaters in a batch reactor under aerobic conditions, calculation of kinetic parameters and comparison of different inhibition models. The mixed microorganism culture used in the study was adapted to pistachio processing industry wastewaters for nearly one month a...

The thyroid biokinetic model of radioactive I-131 was re-evaluated using a refined nine-compartmental model and applied to twelve thyroid cancer patients. In contrast to the simplified four-compartmental model regulated by the ICRP-56 report, the revised model included nine compartments specified in the ICRP-128 report, namely, oral, stomach, body...

Vitamin D has a well-known role in the calcium homeostasis associated with the maintenance of healthy bones. It increases the efficiency of the intestinal absorption of dietary calcium, reduces calcium losses in urine, and mobilizes calcium stored in the skeleton. However, vitamin D receptors are present ubiquitously in the human body and indeed, v...

Tumor microenvironment fibroblasts overexpress the fibroblast activation protein (FAP). We recently reported the preclinical evaluation of [99mTc]Tc-iFAP as a new SPECT radioligand capable of detecting FAP. This research aimed to evaluate the kinetic and dosimetric profile of [99mTc]Tc-iFAP in healthy volunteers, and to assess the radioligand uptak...

: This study aimed to investigate the synthesis, characterization, and biodistribution of scandium nanoparticles encapsulated within poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, as well as to estimate the human absorbed dose. It also aimed to examine, in particular, the amine-terminated PAMAM dendrimers in generation 5. Irradiation of the compound in the...

Subsequent to the dietary uptake of nitrate/nitrite in combination with acetaldehyde/ethanol, combination effects resulting from the sustained endogenous exposure to nitrite and acetaldehyde may be expected. This may imply locoregional effects in the upper gastrointestinal tract as well as systemic effects, such as a potential influence on endogeno...

Radioactive iodine (131I) is most commonly used radionuclide in nuclear medicine field for diagnosis and therapy purposes. 131I is used in treatment of thyrotoxicosis & thyroid cancer. While administrating patients, occupational workers tends to get exposed to radioactivity. Thus an evaluation of worker effective dose is required to maintain it wit...

Radon-222 is pervasive in our environment and the second leading cause of lung cancer induction after smoking while it is simultaneously used to mediate anti-inflammatory effects. During exposure, radon gas distributes inhomogeneously in the body, making a spatially resolved dose quantification necessary to link physical exposure conditions with ac...

It is shown that the procedure for solving a typical inverse problem of biokinetics can be considered as a method of indirect measurement or identification of a dynamic system. Underestimation of these metrological features by specialists in the field of pharmacokinetics or biophysics may be the reason for the almost complete absence of instrument...

Cocaine is one of the most consumed stimulants throughout the world, as official sources report. It is a naturally occurring sympathomimetic tropane alkaloid derived from the leaves of Erythroxylon coca, which has been used by South American locals for millennia. Cocaine can usually be found in two forms, cocaine hydrochloride, a white powder, or ‘...

Spinal cord rehabilitation is a complex and consuming pathology, requiring the skillsets of numerous experts to ensure optimal treatment. To this end, the expertise of an exercise therapist (biokineticist) can play a significant role in health maintenance, as well as in the prevention of the co-morbidities often experienced by this population (elev...

Silver has been known since ancient times on account of its pronounced antiseptic properties. Currently, its antibacterial, antiviral, and fungicidal properties are highly desired in the food and cosmetic industries, in medicine, and pharmacology. Silver exhibits toxic effects not only on pathogenic organisms but also on healthy cells. Over the pas...

The objective of the research was to determine the biokinetic parameters that significantly influence the removal of the biochemical oxygen demand and coliforms in the domestic wastewater treatment plant. Material and methods, primary documentation was used, using the analytical-explanatory method, applied research. Results: The technical standard...

Purpose Recent reports personalizing the administered activity (AA) of each cycle of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy based on the predicted absorbed dose (AD) to the kidneys (dose-limiting organ) have been promising. Assuming identical renal pharmacokinetics for each cycle is pragmatic, however it may lead to over- or under-estimation of the...

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed in a variety of cancer cells, while the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is expressed in the microenvironment of tumors. Previously, we reported the ability of iPSMA and iFAP ligands to specifically target PSMA and FAP proteins, as well as the preparation of stable 177Lu2O3 nanoparticles (<1...

Actinium-225 and other alpha-particle-emitting radionuclides have shown high potential for cancer treatment. Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) specifically recognize the scavenger receptor B type I (SR-BI) overexpressed in several types of cancer cells. Furthermore, after rHDL-SR-BI recognition, the rHDL content is injected into the ce...

Objective: A systematic review of dosimetry in Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) has been performed, identifying the common issues. Approach: The systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and the literature was searched using the Scopus and PubMed databases. Main results: From the systematic review, three key points...

Euler-Lagrange CFD simulations, where the biotic phase is represented by computational particles (parcels), provide information on environmental gradients inside bioreactors from the microbial perspective. Such information is highly relevant for reactor scale-down and process optimization. One of the major challenges is the computational intensity...

A novel approach was developed to help characterize the biokinetics of the cosmetic ingredient, phenoxyethanol, to help assess the safety of the parent and its major stable metabolite. In the first step of this non-animal tiered approach, primary human hepatocytes were used to confirm or refute in silico predicted metabolites, and elucidate the int...