Bioinspired Engineering and Biomimetic Design - Science topic

Nekin Joshua, The relative density of honeycomb structures is typically estimated by dividing the area of the cell walls by the total area of a unit cell. This is illustrated in the research on the effect of honeycomb relative density on its in-plane properties, where the relative density is calculated based on the overlap areas of the cell walls within the honeycomb structure.

There are several biomimetic structures that are known for their energy absorbing properties and potential use in armor applications. Some structures that you may want to consider include:

To answer your question, the specific biomimetic structure that is most suitable for use in armor applications will depend on the specific requirements of the application (where and how will it be used specifically?) and the properties that are most important, such as energy absorption, toughness, and weight. I recommend conducting further research and analysis to determine which structure is the best fit for your specific needs.

Adobe Illustrator

There is always a problem with getting a wider and deeper understanding of the filed where we work, it takes decades to reach a reasonable overview. Hence, it is always good to dedicate some time to study neighboring or completely distant research areas that are related to the problem under the consideration. It often brings new insights and inspiration.

Complex systems are studying the types of problems you are mentioning in all scientific disciplines, including the biology and medicine. It would be good to read the following review:

https://www.researchgate.net/project/Complex-Systems-in-Physics-Biology-and-Medicine-Backgrounds-Understanding-Modeling-and-Software/update/6186589fb3729f0f619156ed

and other research shared there. Please, remember the term bio-inspired computing, self-organization, emergent behavior, self-repair, robustness, self-healing, self-replication, and similar terms. This all is researched within the scope of complex systems: computationally and theoretically.

I had written with co-authors one review on Complexity in biology and medicine, it might serve as another starting review in your search:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330546521_Complex_Systems_and_Their_Use_in_Medicine_Concepts_Methods_and_Bio-Medical_Applications

In recent time, in this and other mine projects occurred links to books, software, and research on robustness in biocomputing. Complex system project dealing with Medicine focuses mainly on experimental evidence of complexity phenomena.

Robustness should be understood in the following way, you have a computing medium that has high error rate (percents), yet the computation continue on without disruption. This approach can revolutionaries theory of computation in highly challenging and hardware damaging environments! Like in the space where computer chips get hit by high energy particles.

SBF modelling (also see FBS modelling) can be helpful when trying to understand complex systems. The aim is to explicitly identify how `systemic components' [structures], functions and behaviours are interrelated. The following paper outlines the type of SBF models used in the research at GA tech:

Note that SBF models were actually not created to represent biological systems, but to create a functional representation of engineering systems. An example of research at Georgia Tech that uses SBF models without looking at biological systems is:

The way I always understood it, early SBF modelling research at GA Tech (like the Kritik system described in the reference above) inspired the possible applicability of this work for Biologically Inspired Design (BID). See for example the amazing work on BID by Swaroop Vattam

The main benefit of using SBF modelling during BID is that it can help understand how complex biological systems behave/function. If a biological system is not too complex, however, it does not make much sense to create an SBF model. The reason is that learning how to create SBF models is a time-consuming task already, and creating the model takes time as well. But creating a model takes even more time when you are dealing with a complex biological system, especially if you know little biology (it can be hard to identify relevant and correct structures, functions and behaviours). As an example, "we found that constructing a “complete” SBF model of a complex biological system requires between forty (40) and one hundred (100) hours of work." (note that 100 hours is about 3 working weeks!), source:

A more fundamental issue is that biological systems cannot always easily be understood as engineering systems (e.g., see and also ). There are definitely benefits of modelling biological systems, even using functional modelling methods like SBF. But SBF may not be the best model for BID, at least not for all purposes. Have a look at the the following paper, which concludes "However, there is an urgent and critical need to empirically establish that functional representations of biological systems in fact facilitate deeper understanding of biological systems." source:

It's not that easy to answer your question with a list of advantages and disadvantages, but hopefully this helps!

When you ask about bio-inspired models for management and innovation, three key concepts come to mind:

Beyond that, you can also look into evolutionary economics and complex adaptive systems for intellectual exchanges between the biological and economic/management domains.

Hello dear Dr. Amin,

Thanks for your kind reply.

I agree with your idea!

Bevelled bone end + adequate thickness of myoplasty should do the trick. Implant on the bone end is not necessary especially if the prosthesis is not designed to receive weight transmission through the end stump. If we worry about bad soft tissue surrounding the bone end, putting an implant on that area will create more problems, such as rapid implant wear, infections. Higher amputation level with good soft tissue should be put into consideration.

Zouhir,

Are you asking about reaction motors (like a rocket) or for electrical motors that are fit for powering aerospace mechanisms?

If it's the first type, it would be useful to know the thrust levels and impulse that you are looking for: and whether you demand a solid-state motor (basically a large firework) or need the thrust to be throttled, which requires either an electric or chemical engine.

Simply, more details please.

Everything will depend on what you want to do, however I recommend the following.

1. Study profoundly the biological function or structure you want to mimic.

2. Make mathematical-physical-biological models able to reproduce the largest possible aspect you want to mimic.

3. Perform tests using simulations or other tool to pre-analyze the variables that you want to study.

4. Making ultimately what you want also including modifications made during previous stages (if any consider).

5. Considers that the development of bio-inspired designs can become extensive way tests and improvements in series.

In general I have to say No, we can not depend that products will show correct if we don´t have some verification or calibration done for the actual product. The manufacture for Medical devices must provide how often we as Healthcare organizations must re-calibrate(not adjust) and verify the actual product.  Regarding consumer products that is used for follow up on personal medical data, for example, blood pressure, bioelectric impedance scales, and others, In my opinion I think the Healthcare organizations must guide the consumer if they can depend or not depend on this kind of Equipments. Pls. see my abstract from the World Congress on Medical Physics and  Biomedical Engineering in Beijing, 2012.

Hi Fausto,

Here you are a couple of papers you might be interested in:

-) Minetti, A. E., Gaudino, P., Seminati, E. and Cazzola, D., 2013. The cost of transport of human running is not affected, as in walking, by wide acceleration/deceleration cycles. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 114 (4), pp. 498-503.

-) Minetti AE, Ardigò LP, Capodaglio EM, Saibene S. Energetics and mechanics of human walking at oscillating speeds. Am Zool 41: 205–210, 2001

Honestly, oxygen consumption measurement is the best way. Though, you might need to measure the area of the oxygen debt curve in order to consider the extra energy needed to accelerate the body during oscillating walking (or running) speeds.

Another approach might be to run longer trials including a certain number of acceleration and deceleration and then work out the average value.

Happy to have a chat!

Cheers

Dario

You may want to look to D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson (1860-1948) for inspiration

You can functionalize the cellulose with long alkyl chains, but post synthetic modification for analysis is usually not the best answer.

If you can find an aqueous GPC/SEC system that is the easiest way, but you can also use light scattering (static and/or dynamic), viscosity (i.e. rheology), or osmometry measurements to determine molecular weight.

Malvern has some great literature on determining MW by light scattering for free online. Also the NBTC at Cornell has some basic light scattering instructions readily available online.

You can crop the area of interest in the beginnig before you convert the data in mimics, but this is only possible if there are parts that you don't need. If you need the whole window it is useless.

It's also possible to reduce your data. You can take only half of your datafiles of your DICOM folder, copy them in a new folder and convert this folder in MIMICS.

This is depend on what you want to do after alkoxide formation. as you know in most cases the alkoxide can be formed by rxn of metal group (I or II) elements with alcohol this type is highly reactive ( strong base).if you look at IE of sodium , zirconium and magnesium (5.1 ,6.6 and 7.6) ev. so the Zr can be converted to alkoxide .

Clemens Schmitt is right. The answer is not to put an infinite amount of sensors and actuators. It only increases the number of free variables. Thus minimizing the number of variables for control is a goal. But like in biological systems a mixture of local and global control mechanisms is necessary. I see a possible application of

EAs for the design of this controllers.

Do you think is it possible to practice mathematical models like fractal patterns to analyse network to network communication? For example between genomic or metabolic networks of organisms.

As a general rule, materials delaminate if the adhesion between the laminates is weaker than the matrix or fibrous components. To reduce delamination in any material, one would need to improve the strength of adhesion between the laminates. There are numerous methods by which this effect can be achieved (varied roughness, changing the adhesive, chemisorption etc etc) but these will usually be 'material specific' - so there may be some research needed on your part. Best of luck with your research.

The conductivity of plasma is around 1.2 (S/m) or 0.012 (S/cm). The conductivity of PBS is around 1.6 (S/m) or 0.016 (S/cm).

I have understood what you mean with "neurological prosthesis2 Proshesis for what? In human subjects? I have never heard that some physiological neuronal network can be substituted by a proshesis!

I'm sure you are aware of Antoni Gaudí and examples such as his Sagrada Família, a church conceived in an organic style with tree-inspired columns that use hyperbolic paraboloids as bases or Park Guell. He employed nature to speed construction and consume less materials. If you have not looked at his designs carefully in this regard you might wish to do so.

The German situation is soemhow different in engineering. It is like a job with scientific project work. If you want to suceed you cannot just "study". You have to solve real problems and aside from that finde a new PhD topic. You need normally 4 years after a Master degree. Tough time, but excellent jobs. Do try to do it in indsutry. Many fail and the quality is often poor.

Just do not compare the German system with the anglo american one.

Hi Aakash,

do you need the model or a good way to segment if from MRI?

Cheers,

Alessandro

Why don't you look for Ph.D. positions that approximate the kind of research you would like to do and see what qualifications are required?

There are no hard-and-set rules, each university will have its own criteria, as will each potential advisor. Keep in mind that you will not be expected to be an expert on anything going into a Ph.D. That being said, the most important thing will probably be that you have a fundamental understanding of biology, which is typically attained during the completion of a B.Sc. degree in a related discipline.

Small published our paper on biotemplated patterns of magnetic nanoparticles, we used a biomineralization protein to form our patterns and template the particles using low temperature aqueous chemistry. I'm not sure how your films are bio-inspired if you are using a vacuum deposition technique, or what they are made from or what they could be used for, so it is difficult to make suggestions that may be helpful. Good luck with your submission.

The component composition of skeletal muscle is never constant. The number and size of fascicles that make up the muscles is never the same, and so is the number is muscle fibres that make up the fascicles. The fibres do not always span the whole length of the muscle. This means that they are always terminating with the muscle length. What this means is even if you have a nice strip of the skeletal muscle specimen where the fibre appear to run in a specified direction. The truth is there are portions of the specimen where the fibres are running in other directions. Therefore shearing is unavoidable on those portions of muscle. Detailed analysis of skeletal muscle behaviour of different miniature areas showed us that there are within specimen variations observed when you put fresh skeletal muscle under strain, and there is no such thing as uniform strain within a specimen, even as low strain (see Takaza et al 2012). In short loading a muscle specimen will always induce shearing. To ignore or not to ignore depends on how much you want to simplify, or complicate your problem.

The best way to capture strain including shearing is to use image analysis. Which we successfully captured using special Matlab code based image analysis, you can also apply digital correlation techniques as well (Ref this paper : Digital image correlation and finite element modelling as a method to determine mechanical properties of human soft tissue in vivo by Moerman et al 2009).

Quick and dirty answer: In order to transfer a charge from an electrode in a solution, you have to switch from electronic current (in the metal) to an ionic current in the solution (or vice versa). Problem is, that the solution tries to "shield" the charged metal surface by (depending on the detailed look) at least the Helmholtz-Double layer of ions. That means, a metal in solution not only forms a an electrical half-cell, but a capacitor as well. Now, usually one could life with that issue, since the surrogate circuit only acts like a filter for signals, but depending on the "noble-ness" (the half-cell potential) of the metal, it is prone to corrosion, too. That means, with less noble metals, you are depositing metal ions in the body, which is not acceptable. Electrodes forming the capacitance by Helmholtz-Layer are called "polarizable".

A Ag/AgCl electrode transfers the charge across its boundaries by a reversible Redox-Reaction. It is thus not forming a double layer and has thus "no" filter properties.... It is called non-polarizable electrode.

There is a lot more to it, but I hope it suffices for the moment.

There is a scaling problem to do with the energy required and the weight of the engine needed. There are also big problems with control! Flight in larger aircraft wasn't possible until the motive power source and the production of lift were separated. So no flapping wing transport aircraft. And what would the passengers feel like being bounced up and down all the time? Also the inertial forces would be far too large. No. Flapping is good if the aircraft is small. The largest experimental flapper I know of was developed in the University of Toronto about 10 years ago. You don't hear about it any more.

Thank you Mr. Joachim.

Dear all take a look at http://web.mac.com/haeshin/KAIST_Bioinspiration/Home.html

Dear Samuel: Your projects are so interesting and the general idea is really good!

I regularly cite examples in the Biomimetics Forum on LinkedIn. Discussion examples include:

-‘flow’ public light for the Third World

-Any examples of low-cost biomimetic housing or buildings for empoverished/underdeveloped regions?

-Biomimetic bulidings are designed for growth and adaptation from the outset.

- Biodynamic Structures - Architectural workshop in San Francisco

-The Integrated Bioscience Program, Cleveland Institute of Art, and the Myers School of Art present Carl Hastrich and Bruce Hinds, Ontario College of Art & Design University

- Huge #Biomimetic ‘Supertrees’ Taking Root on Singapore’s Waterfront

- Imiter l'escargot du désert - #Architecture, Biomimétisme

There are also a large number of architects in the Group too.

Varun,

It is not exactly clear to me what you want help with. First, I assume that you are attempting to record signals from two points on the surface of the skin and that you are filtering to eliminate noise. When you indicate "1st" order filters, I also assume that you mean a single complex impedance, either in the feedback (low pass) or input (high pass). This may or may not be acceptable depending upon what you are trying to measure. Simple firing rates should be fine, but conduction velocities may be distorted and noise rejection will be only marginal. There is also the issue of what you are using for a circuit reference and how you are generating it. Finally, what is an "Elbow Drive"? I've googled the term and find nothing at all. Knowing nothing else, I still suspect that the "bias" voltage may be a reflection of a missing ground return for the instrumentation amp, but not knowing exactly what you're up to makes it impossible to give any real substantive advice.

I appreciate your sharing, Dr. Raymat. I couldn't figure out the idea. Next time, I'll follow your idea. :)