Biogeography - Science topic

The Andean caddisfly genus, Eosericostoma Schmid, 1955, was previously known from two species endemic to Chile and Argentina. In this study, a new species of Eosericostoma was discovered six decades after the last description of a species in the genus. Eosericostoma opposita Desidério, Sganga & Hamada, sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on...

Background Tribe Oenantheae consists mainly of aquatic species within the Apioideae. The unique morphology and habitat distinguish this group from other Apioideae groups. However, the genomic information of these group species has not been widely developed, and the molecular mechanisms of adaptive evolution remain unclear. Results We provide compa...

A species set in a site comprises species that are present (realized diversity) and species that could inhabit this site but are absent (dark diversity; DD). DD can be both species-driven (a species’ traits preclude its presence, independently of site features) and site-driven (site features preclude the species’ presence, independently of its trai...

Mountains and islands are both model systems for studying the biogeography of diversification and population fragmentation. Aotearoa is an excellent location to study both phenomena due to alpine emergence and oceanic separation. While it would be expected that separation across Te Moana o Raukawa and elevation gradients are major barriers to gene...

Background Extinct organisms provide vital information about the time of origination and biogeography of extant groups. The development of phylogenetic methods to study evolutionary processes through time has revolutionized the field of evolutionary biology and led to an unprecedented expansion of our knowledge of the tree of life. Recent developme...

Microbial plankton play fundamental roles in biogeochemical cycles, driving nutrient cycling that influences the global climate and supports life on Earth. Picoplankton are the smallest and most abundant planktonic organisms. The distribution and ecology of these organisms is determined by environmental factors and their biogeography is largely sha...

Butterflies represent a diverse group of insects, playing key ecosystem roles such as pollination and their larval form engage in herbivory. Despite their importance, comprehensive global distribution data for butterfly species are lacking. This lack of comprehensive global data has hindered many large‐scale questions in ecology, evolutionary biolo...

Freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens are a unique and ubiquitous freshwater species of the family Sciaenidae. Despite the species’ wide distribution and unique biogeography, life history, and behavior, surprisingly little is known about freshwater drum movement ecology. In this study, we use passive acoustic telemetry tags and a broad-scale gridde...

During the study of algal diversity in pyroclastic deposits of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Chlorella-like green algae strains VCA-72 and VCA-93 were isolated from samples collected from along the Baydarnaya river bed on the Shiveluch volcano in 2018 and at the outlet of thermal vapors along the edge of the caldera on the southern slope of the Gorely v...

In this study, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships among members of Ceratostomella and the morphologically similar genus Xylomelasma, currently classified within the Sordariomycetes. Our phylogenetic analyses, utilising three and five gene markers, revealed that species from these two genera are congeneric, supporting the transfer of Xylomel...

Plain Language Summary Modern tropical coral reefs are found approximately between 30° north and south of the equator, where waters are warmer than 16°C year‐round. It is therefore often assumed that water temperature has the most important control on how far poleward we find tropical coral reefs. In the geological past, the earth has seen periods...

Matsushimeji” identified as Tricholoma albobrunneum belonging to sect. Genuina is an edible mushroom commonly used in Japan. This species has been suggested to include another cryptic species with common morphological characteristics and identical internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nuc rDNA). We compared T. albobr...

In the Antarctic, Arctic, and Tibetan Plateau—recognized as the Earth’s three poles characterized by extremely harsh environments—lichens prevail in the ecosystem and play crucial roles as pioneer species. Despite their importance, studies investigating the spatial distribution patterns of lichen attributes are scarce due to a lack of appropriate d...

We studied the Vallesian records from Türkiye and Iran, and uncovered a diverse record of Cormohipparion species from Yeniyaylacık and Sinap, Türkiye, and their apparent descendant, Hipparion gettyi from Maragheh, Iran. This prompted us to examine the early evolutionary diversification, biogeography and paleoclimatology of western Eurasian hippario...

About 14% of all fern species have chlorophyllous spores. Unlike their counterparts, chlorophyllous spores lack dormancy and have a shorter viability (i.e. only a few days in some species). Such spores should limit long-distance dispersal and be more susceptible to harsher climatic conditions raising questions about the evolutionary and ecological...

Phylogenetic analysis of Migadopinae Chaudoir, 1861, based on morphological characters analyzed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference, recognizes the tribal adelphotaxa Aquilicini Moret, 2005 and Migadopini. Amarotypini Erwin, 1985 (type genus Amarotypus Bates, 1872) is newly synonymized with Migadopini, as its taxonomic recognition render...

Background & Aim: Previous studies have found a correlation between genome size (GS) and many distinct traits in plants. However, there is a lack of systematic summarization of these connections. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of known relationships between GS and traits, while also proposing a new hypothesis to bett...

Inter–microbial and host–microbial interactions are thought to be critical for the functioning of the gut microbiome, but few tools are available to measure these interactions. Here, we report a method for unbiased spatial sampling of microbiome–host interactions in the gut at one micron resolution. This method combines enzymatic in situ polyadenyl...

Explaining tropical tree cover distribution in areas of intermediate rainfall is challenging, with fire’s role in limiting tree cover particularly controversial. We use a novel Bayesian approach to provide observational constraints on the strength of the influence of humans, fire, rainfall seasonality, heat stress, and wind throw on tropical tree c...

The evolution of wasp mimicry and biogeography in the genus Temnostoma (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Latitudinal diversity gradients are one of the most widely discussed patterns in global biogeography, generally in the context of high diversity in tropical regions. In contrast, ‘amphitropical’ or ‘inverse’ distributions, once thought to be unusual, are increasingly recognized as common among many hymenopteran insects. One such group is the ant ge...

Garra, a kind of small‐ to medium‐sized fish, is widely distributed from southern Eurasia to central Africa. As one of the most diverse genera of Cyprinidae, investigating the phylogeny and biogeography of Garra remains challenging. In this study, we combined sequences of Garra samples collected from Myanmar with sequences downloaded from GenBank t...

Metodologías de adecuación de la asignatura de Biogeografía a los ODS 2030 en la Universidad del País Vasco promoviendo, por ejemplo, la innovación y dinamización de la misma a través de las prácticas de campo.

For biodiversity conservation and the development of protected areas, it is essential to create strategic plans that ensure the preservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Biogeography plays a crucial role in supporting these efforts by identifying and categorizing geographic areas (regionalization) that represent different biotas, as we...

This study examines the impact of Ghana-China diplomatic relations on government efforts to combat illegal gold mining in Ghana. While diplomatic ties between the two nations foster cooperation, trade, and economic growth, the environmental damage caused by illegal Chinese miners has raised concerns. The study applies neoliberal theory to explore t...

This research examines biodiversity specimens from two areas of the Caribbean to understand patterns of collection and the roles of the people involved. Using open data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and Wikidata, we aimed to uncover geographic and historical trends in specimen use. This study aims to provide concrete evid...

Cambeva perkos was described using the morphology of specimens from tributaries of the Rio Uruguay (Upper Uruguay ecoregion) and one paratype from the Rio Tibagi (Upper Paraná ecoregion). Recent sampling near the Ponta Grossa Arch, a key uplift that changed the fluvial dynamics in southern Brazil, revealed the presence of additional specimens in th...

The dinoflagellate genus Heterocapsa includes several widely distributed and potentially toxic species associated with Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), particularly affecting the Western Pacific Ocean. To reveal the biodiversity of Heterocapsa in Beibu Gulf, six strains were morphologically characterized using light and scanning electron microscopy, wh...

This study investigates the biogeography of the Australian Camphorosmeae (Amaranthaceae s.l.) lineage and how it relates to shifts in climatic niche and habitat types. Building on previous research and data resources, we integrate molecular phylogenetics, bioclimatic data and biogeographical models to deepen our understanding of the diversification...

Nitrogen is often a limiting nutrient for microbial communities and plants in glacier forefields. Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) play an important role in providing bioavailable nitrogen, with their composition determining the nitrogen-fixating capacities. This study investigates the spatial and temporal dynamics of diazotrophs in the...

Las tarántulas desempeñan un papel fundamental como reguladores de poblaciones de animales pequeños, y son esenciales para estudios de biodiversidad, biogeografía, comportamiento animal y comercio ilícito de especies. A pesar de su importancia, existe una carencia significativa de información sobre tarántulas en la Amazonía oriental del Perú. Con e...

Introduction This study investigates the genetic variability of Hydatigera taeniaeformis in black rats (Rattus rattus), a common tapeworm that infects cats and rodents worldwide. Despite its widespread presence and zoonotic potential, little is known about the genetic diversity of this parasite in the Americas. Methods We conducted DNA barcoding a...

A new fern species, Whittieria hengduanensis (Ophioglossaceae), from Sichuan, Xizang, and Yunnan, Southwest China (eastern Himalaya), is described and illustrated. This species is similar to W. engelmannii in the Americas in having a cylindrical rhizome and complex-reticulate venation. In addition, both species grow in open habitat on basic soil. H...

Fungi are arguably the most diverse eukaryotic kingdom of organisms in terms of number of estimated species, trophic and life history strategies, and their functions in ecosystems. However, our knowledge of fungi is limited due to a distributional bias; the vast majority of available data on fungi have been compiled from non-tropical regions. Far l...

As áreas verdes urbanas são importantes remanescentes compostos pela diversidade atual de elementos bióticos e abióticos, as quais contribuem para a qualidade ambiental e de vida. A análise ambiental pautada na ótica da biogeografia contribui com a interpretação dos estágios sucessionais de regeneração das áreas verdes urbanas, qualidade do solo e...

Pine stem rust, the most damaging and widespread forest disease occurring in pine trees in the Northern Hemisphere, is primarily caused by Cronartium species (Pucciniales, Melampsorineae). While the phylogenetic relationships of major Cronartium species have been largely elucidated, there is limited understanding of their species diversity and the...

There are approximately 357 turtles and tortoise species worldwide, of which 33 freshwater turtles (terrapins) and tortoise species are found in the Indian subcontinent (South Asia). According to the IUCN Red List analysis, 85% of South Asian turtle species are threatened; vulnerable (VU), critically endangered (CR), and endangered (EN), while the...

The accurate prediction of the niche and the potential distribution of a species is a fundamental and key content for biodiversity related research in ecology and biogeography, especially for protected species. Biotic interactions have a significant impact on species distribution but are often overlooked by SDMs. Therefore, it is crucial to incorpo...

Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) is widely farmed as a sustainable source of protein for countries in the tropical Indo-West Pacific region. However, microbial species of the gut microbiome of healthy Asian Seabass remain largely uncharacterized and uncultured. Here, we analysed the microbial composition along the gastrointestinal tract of a farmed...

Wetland systems are known methane (CH4) sources. However, flooded rice fields are periodically drained. The paddy soils can absorb atmospheric CH4 during the dry seasons due to high-affinity methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotroph). Atmospheric CH4 uptake can be induced during the low-affinity oxidation of high-concentration CH4 in paddy soils. Mu...

Most ischnoceran lice parasitizing galliform hosts have traditionally been considered to comprise a small number of morphologically heterogeneous genera (Goniodes, Goniocotes, Lipeurus, Oxylipeurus). These broad definitions of genera undeniably mask substantial amounts of morphological variation within each genus, and alternative classifications th...

Coastal fog occurs along many of the world’s west coast continental environments. It is particularly consequential during summer when an increased frequency of fog co-occurs with the seasonal dryness characteristic of most west coast climate systems, for example, in the Pacific coast of North and South America, the southwestern African coast, and s...

People have influenced Earth’s biodiversity for millennia, including numerous introductions of domestic and wild species to islands. Here, we explore the origins and ecology of the Santa Catalina Island ground squirrel (SCIGS; Otospermophilus beecheyi nesioticus), one of only five endemic terrestrial mammals found on California’s Santa Catalina Isl...

The approximately 320 atolls of the world, scattered across the tropical oceanic basins, constitute a unique type of ecosystem in that they are each an integrated unit consisting of island, coral reef, and lagoon components. Atolls have a complex geology, ecology, and biogeography, which can be fully appreciated only by transcending the classic bou...

The tropicalpine páramo stands out as a unique biodiversity hotspot located in the northern Andes. Over the last decades, páramo plants and animals have been increasingly studied, yet a critical knowledge gap remains on their microbial ecology. Given the crucial importance of mycorrhiza in structural and functional communities, our study aimed to e...

Ring species provide a valuable framework for studying intermediate steps of speciation resulting in two new species. Classic examples of ring species have involved large spatial and temporal scales-and this is partly why few idealised cases exist. In contrast, we focus on two species complexes of cichlid fishes from Southern Lake Victoria that evo...

Eusociality in insects has arisen multiple times independently in Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants), Blattodea (termites) and Coleoptera (beetles). In Hymenoptera and Blattodea, the evolution of eusociality led to massive species proliferation. In the hyperdiverse Coleoptera, eusociality evolved only once, in the ancient Australian ambrosia beetle sp...

Understanding the biospheric response to climate change over evolutionary time scales is a paleontological endeavor. Dinosaurs offer a unique opportunity to examine continuous (>150 million years, Ma) responses to climate in a large clade of terrestrial tetrapods. Throughout the Mesozoic, multiple hyperthermal events influenced diversity, biogeogra...

Legacies of human land use have the potential to impact demographic responses to climate. However, few studies have investigated the interactive effects of land use legacies and climate change on tree demography. The demographic performance of rear edge populations in particular is an important determinant of a species' long‐term persistence. In th...

Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is an invasive fish present in all five Great Lakes and is becoming increasingly common in their tributaries. Johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum) is a native species that often coexists with N. melanostomus. In this work, historic factors are addressed as a source of genomic variation in study populations of these...

Amphibians are globally threatened due to pollution, infection diseases, invasive species, habitat loss and climate change. Rising temperatures and shifts in precipitation regimes can have a major impact on the persistence of amphibian populations, especially in semi-arid regions. In this study, we used a long term time series spanning 34 years in...

En Mauritanie, les zones humides constituent l’un des habitats les plus riches en biodiversité dans la zone saharo-sahélienne ; cependant cette biodiversité reste très peu connue et les services écosystémiques que ces zones offrent sont rarement pris en compte dans le cadre de l’économie nationale. La présente étude cherche, sous l’angle botanique,...

Lepidagathis Willd., a genus belonging to the Acanthaceae family, is primarily distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, encompassing approximately 153 species. While considerable morphological research has been conducted on Lepidagathis, it has not completely dispelled taxonomic ambiguities and conflicting interpretations. Molecul...

Aquatic species living in productive coastal habitats with abundant primary producers have evolved in highly dynamic diel and seasonally fluctuating environments in terms of, for example, water temperature and dissolved oxygen. However, how environmental fluctuations shape the thermal tolerance of marine species is still poorly understood. Here we...

Dinosaurs potentially originated in the mid-palaeolatitudes of Gondwana 245–235 million years ago (Ma) and may have been restricted to cooler, humid areas by low-latitude arid zones until climatic amelioration made northern dispersals feasible ca 215 Ma. However, this scenario is challenged by new Carnian Laurasian fossils and evidence that even th...

Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to address species' responses to bioclimatic conditions in the fields of ecology, biogeography and conservation. Among studies that have addressed reasons for model prediction variability, the impact of climatic variable selection has received limited attention and is rarely assessed in sensitivity...

Modeling the spatial distribution of species is an important step in biodiversity conservation. The models used can be helpful in predicting the impacts of climate change on the geographical distribution of species and in identifying areas where they are most likely to occur. The purpose of this work was to model the spatial distribution of the pom...

Specialist insects are especially susceptible to loss of genetic diversity in the face of habitat destruction and fragmentation. Implementing effective conservation practices for specialist insects will benefit from knowledge of population structure and genetic diversity. Because insects are hyper-diverse, characterizing the population structure of...

Plain Language Summary Iron is a critical trace element for the photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation of phytoplankton in the ocean. In North Pacific Subarctic region, although there is plenty of nitrate, the growth of phytoplankton is limited due to the lack of iron. In the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), nutrient supply to the surface is re...

The environment shapes the spatial distribution of species, but species also comprise suites of traits which may indicate their adaptability to a specific environment. This forms the basis of trait biogeography studies. We thus examined how a species distribution is not only influenced by its environment and traits, but by interactions among its tr...

Current knowledge on the genus Eremobiotus still remains limited. Only three species are known, mainly recorded in the Palaearctic region, with Eremobiotus alicatai representing the most common species. In the present study, an integrative re-description of E. alicatai based on the examination of a topotypic population from Sicily (Italy) is given,...

La biogéographie régionale des Cryptobiina afrotropicaux est étudiée. Nous attirons ['attention sur l'existence, chez ces Paederinae, d'un cline de taille lié a l'éthologie. Trois hypothèses sont avancées pour expliquer la présence de Cryprobiina de grande taille en forêt. Abstract This is a study on the regional biogeography of the Afrotropical C...

The Mississippian was an epoch of strong earth system changes, both tectonic and climatic. During the Mississippian, the marine faunas experienced a recovery after the late Devonian mass extinctions, and the rugose corals are a conspicuous example. This study tries to give a general view of the utility of rugose coral to reconstruct the palaeogeogr...

Whole-genome duplication (WGD), or polyploidization, is a major contributor to biodiversity. However, the establishment and survival of WGDs are often considered to be stochastic, since elucidating the processes of WGD establishment remains challenging. In the current study, we explored the processes leading to polyploidy establishment in snow carp...