Science topic
Biodegradation - Science topic
Biodegradation or biotic degradation or decomposition is the chemical dissolution of materials by bacteria or other biological means. The term is often used in relation to ecology, waste management, biomedicine, and the natural environment (bioremediation) and is now commonly associated with environmentally friendly products that are capable of decomposing back into natural elements.
Publications related to Biodegradation (10,000)
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The utilization of sustainable biomaterials in pharmaceutical and medical applications has gained significant momentum in recent years due to their dual ability to address environmental concerns and meet the evolving demands of modern healthcare. As the need for greener alternatives in healthcare intensifies, this review presents a comprehensive ov...
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are promising biobased and biodegradable alternatives to the petroleum-based plastics. For their production, controlling cell growth is crucial and can be achieved by limiting nutrients, such as ammonium. The use of Donnan dialysis (DD) has been considered for this purpose. However, the effects of long–term DD fermentati...
Gelatin-based biomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for bioadhesives due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, they often face limitations due to the uncontrollable phase transition of gelatin, which is dominated by hydrogen bonds between peptide chains. Here, we developed controllable phase transition gelatin-based (...
Bile duct injuries (BDI) from surgical procedures pose significant clinical challenges, requiring precise interventions
for optimal outcomes. This systematic review explores the utilization of grafts in the repair of bile
duct injuries, aiming to gain insights from existing literature. Graft-based techniques show promise in improving
postoperative...
Cigarette butt (CB) waste is abundant and difficult to biodegrade, which is dangerous for both the environment and human health. The key reason CBs are littered is that people do not know much about the harm CBs pose to the environment. Recycling CBs in infrastructure construction can help raise people’s awareness. To promote the recycling of CB wa...
Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites have gained attention due to their biodegradability, lower density and cost-effectiveness. In this study, the impact strength of banana fibre, coir fibre, palm fibre powder, individually used with hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) particles in the epoxy polymer composites, is studied. The Response Surface Me...
The increasing demand for sustainable materials has propelled research into biomass-derived adhesives as eco-friendly alternatives to traditional synthetic options. This chapter investigates the enhancement of physicochemical and thermo-mechanical properties of bio-based adhesives, highlighting their applications across diverse industries, includin...
A highly organized and green protocol has been developed for fabricating amino methylene bisphosphonates using sulfated choline ionic liquid (SCIL) catalyzed under ultrasonication. This method involves various substituted amines, triethyl orthoformate, and diethyl phosphite. All synthesized derivatives were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonan...
This work investigated the effect of different types of tempering on the hardness, impact toughness and microstructure of normalized and biodegradable-quenched 42CrMo4 steel. Specimens were normalised initially then hardened using green oil quenchants such as Pinnay oil, Karanja seed oil and blended oil (Equal volume percentage of Pinnay and Karanj...
This presentation gives the overview of the processes involved in the movement and management of mass within aquifers, particularly focusing on groundwater contamination and remediation strategies. It discusses the concept of mass transport, which refers to the net movement of various substances, including ions and molecules, influenced by factors...
Soil microorganisms are microscopic organisms that live inside the soil. They perform various vital functions while residing inside the soil. One of the important functions of soil microbes is the cycling of nutrients like carbon and nitrogen. Climate change becoming a threat to the living organisms on this planet. The soil microbes can effectively...
The selection of lubricants plays a crucial role in optimizing drilling efficiency, reducing friction, and minimizing equipment wear, especially in harsh drilling conditions. This study compares synthetic and green lubricants, analyzing their performance, environmental impact, and economic feasibility. Synthetic lubricants, derived from chemically...
The discharge of large volumes of textile dyeing wastewater, characterized by poor biodegradability and high toxicity, poses severe threats to the environment. In this study, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes were prepared using the nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method, with porous amino-functionalized mesoporous silica nanopa...
Pancreatic cancer is an extremely deadly illness for which there are few reliable treatments. Recent research indicates that malignant tumors are highly variable and consist of a tiny subset of unique cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for the beginning and spread of tumors. These cells are typically identified b...
Microbial surfactants, also known as biosurfactants, are amphiphilic compounds that are produced in living spaces or excreted extracellularly. These compounds contain hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties that confer the ability to accumulate between fluid phases, thereby reducing surface tension and interfacial tension. A number of different microo...
Agricultural plastic mulching films have been an environmental concern for decades. The effects of the interactions between the anthropogenic plastisphere and other soil biospheres, particularly that of earthworms, on the fate of plastics remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the decomposition of buried nonbiodegradable low-density polyet...
Dark fermentation and anaerobic digestion are anaerobic fermentation processes that use organic matter as feedstocks under anaerobic microbial conditions. Buswell’s equation can represent anaerobic fermentation in accordance with the elemental composition of any organic matter. Compared to 1-stage anaerobic digestion, 2-stage anaerobic digestion ca...
The biogeochemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is poorly understood in tropical coastal waters. Here, we quantified the biological and photochemical lability of dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, in the tropical coastal waters of Singapore. We conducted experiments during the inter‐monsoon, the mid‐southwest monsoon, and the...
Natural waste nanocellulose-based biodegradable hybrid green polymer composites can replace petroleum-based plastics to reduce environmental pollution. This study describes a new approach for combining hybrid nanocellulose (HNC) derived from discarded jute bags and ramie fabric with the matrix material polylactic acid (PLA) to create high-performan...
A novel hydrogel scaffold for bone regeneration based on chitosan, selected for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial properties, was covalently functionalized with a bioactive peptide from bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to guide osteoblast growth and proliferation. This study evaluates the impact of incorporating differen...
Cancer is a major global health problem that poses significant challenges. Conventional cancer therapies often have severe side effects, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic approaches that are more effective and less toxic. The utilization of plant viral nanoparticles is one of the more promising strategies for cancer biotherapy. Pla...
With the increasing use of biodegradable plastics in agriculture and food packaging, it has become increasingly important to assess the effects of their fragmentation and mineralization in the environment (i.e., soil, compost). PBAT is a biodegradable polyester widely used in biodegradable mulch films that are intended to fragment and mineralize in...
Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been widely employed for various biomedical applications owing to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. The discovery of the stereocomplex formation between enantiomeric alternating PLGA pairs underscored its potential as high‐performance biodegradable materials with diverse material properties and biod...
In the Republic of Benin, entomophagy is practiced in some regions and contributes to the food security and poverty reduction. However, insect farming is poorly developed and wild capture remains the main source of edible insects. This capture practice can pose health and environmental risks and raises questions about the sustainable use of edible...
The first successful synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles using CyreneTM as a biodegradable and non‐toxic solvent in click chemistry has been developed. In contrast to previous methods, this sustainable approach allows product isolation by simple precipitation in water, eliminating the need for organic solvent extractions and column chromatography purifica...
Biodegradable and affordable jute fibers absorb too much moisture, limiting their use. This research improves these fibers' moisture and water resistance to boost their utilization in many fields of application. The combined impact of chemical treatments and gamma irradiation improves moisture and water resistance properties. This study has determi...
Magnetic polymeric conduits are developing as revolutionary materials in regenerative medicine, providing exceptional benefits in directing tissue healing, improving targeted medication administration, and facilitating remote control via external magnetic fields. The present article offers a thorough examination of current progress in the design, c...
Zein exhibits excellent biodegradability, thermal stability, UV resistance, and water barrier properties, making it a promising candidate for food packaging applications. However, pure zein films suffer from brittleness and poor mechanical strength, which limit their practical use. In this study, a unique bilayer packaging film (ZP/P-C) was develop...
Spider silk is considered as nature's stronger biomaterial known to science with properties like strength (stronger than Kelvar), elasticity (flexible than rubber) and completely biodegradable, making its versatility in wider applications. With advanced technologies in genetic engineering, we can now recreate spider silk in labs using bacteria or o...
Nanocellulose-based adhesives are gaining attention as a viable alternative to conventional adhesives, offering benefits such as cost-effectiveness and scalability, which make them suitable for various sectors, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, biodegradable products, and as reinforcing agents in natural adhesives. This review delves into the c...
Biomedical alloys in general, except for the biodegradable type, exhibit passive behavior in neutral chloride solutions. Two commonly used biomedical alloys are nitinol (NiTi) and Co-35Ni-20Cr-10Mo (CoNiCrMo). In this work, the passive behavior of electropolished NiTi and CoNiCrMo in a simulated physiological solution (phosphate-buffered saline) wa...
Environmental challenges that have led to climate change on Earth are among the most important issues facing contemporary humanity. Each industry, including the construction industry, plays a role in carbon dioxide production, a key factor in climate change. One of the innovative solutions for the construction industry to reduce environmental impac...
Lubricants derived from plant-based raw materials offer great potential for the development of environmentally friendly and renewable esters due to their easier and faster biodegradability, reducing dependence on petrochemical raw materials and creating new synthesis processes. The increasing burden of environmental regulations and the depletion of...
We explore the development of biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films loaded with silk fibroin (SF) functionalized with copaiba oleoresin (SFCO) for potential use in active food packaging. The films were characterized, showing significant improvements in both their physicochemical and nanomorphological properties. Films containing 10% SFCO ex...
Before clinical approval of chitosan nerve conduits (CNCs) less than 10 years ago, substantial material degradation was not reported from pre-clinical research. The current study investigated the biodegradation of two different CNC variants in the median nerve model. In adult rats, 10 mm long CNCs were secured covering end-to-end repair sites. Afte...
The potential presence of toxic compounds in the digestate obtained from the anaerobic digestion of biodegradable waste restricts its application as a biofertilizer for soil conditioning and plant growth enhancement. The aim of this study was to assess digestate quality in terms of plant nutrient composition by evaluating the effects of activated c...
Tuberculosis is a global public health concern, and understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission routes and genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis is crucial for outbreak control. This study aimed to explore the genomic epidemiology and genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis in Ecuador by analyzing 88 local isolates and 415 public genomes from...
Rising environmental concerns have forced many industries to seek more environmentally friendly processing methods and safer material alternatives. This review explores eco-friendly coating techniques for extending the shelf life of fruits, aiming at reducing environmental stressors and improving ecological sustainability. The paper evaluates tradi...
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are bioplastics produced by few bacteria as intracellular lipid inclusions under excess carbon source and nutrient-deprived conditions. These polymers are biodegradable and resemble petroleum-based plastics. The rising environmental concerns have increased the demand for PHA, but the low yield in wild-type bacterial stra...
Polyurethanes (PUs) are widely used in various industries, but their durability raises significant disposal and environmental concerns. Enzymatic degradation offers a sustainable approach to address these challenges by providing a pathway for PU waste management. This study investigates the enzymatic degradation pathways of PU structures of varying...
Significant progress has been made in cancer therapy with protein-based nanocarriers targeted directly to surface receptors for drug delivery. The nanocarriers are a potentially effective solution for the potential drawbacks of traditional chemotherapy, such as lack of specificity, side effects, and development resistance. Peptides as nanocarriers...
Pesticide transformation products (TPs) are frequently quantified in aquatic systems, including surface and groundwater. They often present higher polarity than parent compounds, are less volatile and less biodegradable and are therefore more mobile and persistent. These properties make them compounds of main interest in water resources and drinkin...
Polyolefins (PO)1 are the most common consumer plastics, constituting about half of plastic waste. This work
investigated the process combining physicochemical pretreatment and PO-enriched mixed microbial consortia
(MMCs) on biodegrading European real mixed plastic waste. The MMCs, acclimatized on PO powders, were
enriched with strains that could u...
If edible coatings are proven to control deterioration reactions by preventing chemical reactions, why aren’t they more widely used in industry applications, especially in the ready-to-eat food sector? This sector is a growing and emerging market and is interesting to diverse consumer groups. The potential of edible coatings as an innovative approa...
The growing need to mitigate the environmental impact of human activities has underscored the importance of biomaterials in sustainable architecture and construction. In this systematic review, advancements in bio-composite materials are consolidated and critically evaluated, emphasizing their thermal insulation properties and broader applications...
The oil and gas industry is shifting towards environmentally sustainable drilling practices, with a strong focus on biodegradable drilling fluid additives for friction reduction. Traditional friction-reducing agents often pose environmental hazards, necessitating the development of eco-friendly alternatives. This paper examines the latest advanceme...
The fabrications of circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) material are mainly based on the chemical and physical strategies. Controlled biosynthesis of CPL-active materials is beset with difficulties due to the lack of bioactive luminescent precursors and bio-reactors. Enlighted by microbe-assisted asymmetric biosynthesis, herein, we show the in s...
Background: Effective management of solid waste, generated as a result of human activities, is crucial. However, improper solid waste management seriously threatens the environment and public health in developing countries including Ethiopia.
Objective: This study is aimed at assessing the status of solid waste management practices and identifying...
This paper offers a comprehensive review of previous studies and articles on international standards and certification criteria for biodegradable plastics. It highlights key insights into the biodegradation environment and certification processes for these materials. As various countries and organizations intensify research efforts on biodegradable...
Hybrid hydrogels from protein–polymer conjugates are biomaterials formed via the chemical bonding of a protein molecule with a polymer molecule. Protein–polymer conjugates offer a variety of biological properties by combining the mechanical strength of polymers and the bioactive functionality of proteins. These properties allow these conjugates to...
Pheromone dispensers are essential tools in integrated pest management (IPM) to reduce chemical pesticide use, particularly in food storage environments. Silicone-based dispensers (SD) are a gold standard due to their low cost and controlled pheromone release, but pose environmental/health risks related to plastic/chemicals pollution. Oleogel-based...
Drug delivery methods utilizing nanomaterials show potential for personalized medicine strategies, enabling customized treatments that take into account certain patient attributes, like genetic profiles or illness stages. Researchers are currently working on creating nanoparticles that can effectively transport genetic material, such as siRNA or CR...
Piezoelectric micro‐ and nanomaterials can generate local electrical signals when subjected to mechanical stress, a phenomenon that can be exploited to trigger beneficial effects at the cell and tissue level. In recent years, research on biodegradable piezoelectric material has gained momentum, as these materials can degrade after fulfilling their...
In this study, the biodegradability of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), the most widely produced bioplastic, and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), known for its very biodegradability, was investigated in soil and soil amended with nitrogen sources, such as treatment sludge and vermicompost. Biodegradability was evaluated over 180 days by measuring the amount...
Biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM) is a synthetic biodegradable dermal matrix that helps develop a non–skin graft amenable wound bed (eg, over tendon or bone) into a graftable wound bed, by acting as an inert scaffold for angiogenesis and formation of granulation tissue. There is currently a paucity of evidence to encourage its use in scalp def...
The aim of this work is to use microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), obtained from kenaf fibers by using eutectic green solvents, to build compostable packaging films by adding them to Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). In this study, microcrystalline cellulose was incorporated into PBAT composites through melt-mixing, followed by hot pre...
Hybrid nano-sized motors with navigation and self-actuation capabilities have emerged as promising nanocarriers for a wide range of delivery, sensing, and diagnostic applications due to their unique ability to achieve...
This strategic review examines the pivotal role of sustainable methodologies in battery recycling and the recovery of critical minerals from waste batteries, emphasizing the need to address existing technical and environmental challenges. Through a systematic analysis, it explores the application of green organic solvents in mineral processing, adv...