Biochemical Techniques - Science topic

This study have previously reported that ZIF‐based chiral nanomedicines achieve Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy through differential metabolism and relief of neuroinflammation. However, lack of overall chirality and anti‐inflammatory capacity of nanomedicines limit the further effective solution to the nanobiological effects research in PD. Here,...

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of coumarin and its derivatives—esculetin, scoparone, and 4-methylumbelliferone—on serum protein profiles in male Sprague-Dawley rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatic injury. As the liver is essential for the synthesis of major plasma proteins such as albumin and globulin, disrupti...

Background Urinary tract infections are disproportionately prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, where a significant portion of the population relies on over the counter and self-prescriptions to manage symptoms. This practice has contributed to a concerning shift in antimicrobial resistance trends, among the most recommended treatments....

All organisms use ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) as the sole source for de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides needed for DNA synthesis. Understanding their mechanism of action can provide evidence for the evolution history of life and valuable insights for developing novel antibiotics. The three classes of RNRs are characterized according to th...

Protein palmitoylation is a lipid modification where a palmitoyl group is covalently attached via a thioester linkage to one or more cysteines on a substrate protein. This modification, catalyzed by a group of enzymes named DHHC enzymes after their conserved Asp-His-His-Cys motif, plays a significant role in regulating the localization, stability,...

This review paper systematically integrates ten fundamental biochemical experiments, each designed to explore essential techniques in biomolecular quantification, separation, and analysis. The experiments encompass a broad spectrum of methodologies, including solution preparation and stoichiometric calculations, determination of absorption maxima (...

Objectives: This study aims to determine the occurrence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and the bacteriological spectrum in urine samples, as well as to assess the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates. Materials and methods: A retrospective study (October 2022 to October 2024) was conducted in the microbiology department, analyzing...

Canned tomatoes are widely consumed, but microbial spoilage can compromise their quality. This study aimed to identify the microorganisms responsible for spoilage in various brands of canned tomatoes from West Africa. Six popular brands were purchased from markets in Nigeria, Benin, and Ghana. Microbiological screening involves culturing, morpholog...

Over the past ten years, the prevalence of the OqxAB efflux pump, a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant, has increased among Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates. The aim of this study was to genotypically and phenotypically investigate quinolone resistance of isolates and transferability of oqxAB genes by conjugation. One hundred E. c...

Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is a widely cultivated freshwater fish, generating substantial solid waste during processing. This study aimed to characterize the alkaline proteases in pacu processing waste using biochemical techniques, providing insights into their digestive enzymes for future biotechnological applications. Viscera (n = 10) were di...

Introduction: Exposure to cement dust presents serious threats to one's health at work, especially for construction workers. Its possible effects on liver function are still little understood, despite the well-established benefits on respiratory and skin health. Aim/Objective: This study investigates the effects of cement dust exposure on liver fu...

Background Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) offers a promising treatment for pancreatic cancer by using high-voltage pulses to kill tumor cells. But variations in tumor size and shape can lead to uneven electric fields, causing some cells to undergo only reversible electroporation (RE) and survive. However, RE can temporarily increase the permeab...

Drought constitutes a significant environmental factor influencing the growth and development of plants. Consequently, terrestrial plants have evolved a range of strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of soil water deficit. One such strategy, known as drought escape, involves the acceleration of flowering under drought, thereby enabling plants...

The lipid content of insects plays a crucial role in their physiology, energy storage, and reproduction. This study investigates the lipid content variation between male and female Brachytrupes portentosus, a species of large field cricket. Lipid extraction and quantification were conducted using standard biochemical techniques to compare lipid lev...

Ataxin-2 (Atx2), an RNA-binding protein, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of RNA, intracellular metabolism, and translation within the cellular environment. Although both the Sm-like (LSm) and LSm-associated (LSmAD) domains are considered to associated with RNA binding, there is still a lack of experimental evidence supporting their functions...

Canned tomatoes are widely consumed, but microbial spoilage can compromise their quality. This study aimed to identify the microorganisms responsible for spoilage in various brands of canned tomatoes from West Africa. Six popular brands were purchased from markets in Nigeria, Benin, and Ghana. Microbiological screening involves culturing, morph...

Protein‐based drugs are among our most powerful therapeutics, but their manufacture, storage, and distribution are hindered by solution instability and the expense of the necessary refrigeration. Formulating proteins as dry products, which is an almost entirely empirical endeavor, can ameliorate the problem, but recovery of an acceptable product up...

Study’s Excerpt:• This study reveals how pesticide combinations affect soil microbes and weed growth.• Microbial analysis used pour plating and biochemical techniques while Visual assessment was employed in weed for accuracy.• Dimethoate reduced microbes, while A+B at moderate doses increased them and weeds.• Dimethoate had a strong negative impact...

Background The key to moving beyond “bucket chemistry” in allergy testing is to tightly control the sourcing, analysis, and performance testing of the extracts used. It is imperative that each allergen extract be scrutinized using today’s biochemical techniques as an active part of the qualification process rather than the ones developed almost 30...

Various biophysical and biochemical techniques have been developed to measure the affinity of interacting molecules. This review analyzes the combination of three methods: differential scanning fluorimetry as the initial high-throughput screening technique and microscale thermophoresis and isothermal titration calorimetry as complementary methods t...

BACKGROUND Our previous findings that arachidonic acid-12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX)-generated metabolite 12(S)-HETE contributes to angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension and 17β-estradiol protects from AngII-induced hypertension via its cytochrome P450 (CYP)1B1-generated metabolite 2-methoxyestradiol in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in female...

Introduction: Locally produced dairy products safety issue, is of a pressing public health concern, as they can pose health risks to consumers due to potential contamination and inadequate safety controls. Objective:This study sought to assess the safety levels of locally produced dairy products. Samples of locally produced cow milk dairy product w...

taphylococcus (S.) aureus is a major cause of bovine mastitis and is notorious for its capacity to resist antibiotics, presenting substantial risks to both livestock and human health. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of S. aureus in bovine mastitis cases, as well as to examine their patterns of antimicrobial resistance and viru...

Proximity ligation assays (PLAs) use specific antibodies to detect endogenous protein‐protein interactions. PLAs are a highly useful biochemical technique that allow two proteins within proximity to be visualized with fluorescent probes amplified by PCR. While this technique has gained prominence, the use of a PLA in mouse skeletal muscle (SkM) is...

Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is a major cause of bovine mastitis and is notorious for its capacity to resist antibiotics, presenting substantial risks to both livestock and human health. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of S. aureus in bovine mastitis cases, as well as to examine their patterns of antimicrobial resistance and vir...

The Escherichia coli MetNI-Q importer, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, mediates the uptake of both L- and D- enantiomers of methionine. Original in vivo uptake studies show a strong preference for L-Met over D-Met, but the molecular basis of this selectivity is unclear. In this work, we systematically examine substrate discrimination by...

Purpose: Presently, there is a rising awareness of the additional health benefits and market potential for functional foods. Among various functional foods short chain Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) have make its prestige in food industry. Therefore, FOS producing enzymes seems very promising as in the future, FOS markets are expected to thriving wor...

Background Aggregation of the hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Several kinases contribute to the pathological phosphorylation of tau (pTau). However, kinase‐targeted therapies for AD have failed in clinical trials due to largely unknown mechanism of action, low...

Gout, a common chronic disease, is characterized by the formation and deposi-tion of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in articular and nonarticular structures. Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent type of arthritis, is a progressive degenerative joint disease. Previous clinical studies have reported that gout frequently affects OA joint...

Background Disease‐associated microglia (DAM), which cluster around Aβ plaques, represent a significant pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and play a complex role in influencing neuroinflammation, mediating synapse loss, and participating in the phagocytic clearance of Aβ. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms by which microglial activ...

Background Antibodies targeting amyloid beta (Aß) have recently been developed as promising treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Aducanumab was the first to receive limited FDA approval in 2021 offering much needed new treatment options for AD patients. Aducanumab clears aggregated Aß in the brain, presumably through microglial phagocytosis, al...

Background An emerging theory suggests a link between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and microbial infection. Notably, various microbes have been detected in the post‐mortem brains of AD patients and murine models. However, there exists a gap in research concerning the presence and role of microbial infection in the AD retina, which shares common pathoge...

Amphibians, especially frogs, play a critical role in ecosystems, acting as prey and predator and influencing nutrient cycling between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. This study aimed to isolate and identify fungal species present on the skin of the bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus) in District Kasur, Pakistan. A total of 20 bullfrogs were samp...

Ferritin, a highly conserved iron storage protein, is among the earliest proteins that have been purified, named, and characterized due to its unique properties that continue to captivate researchers. Ferritin is composed of 24 subunits that form an almost spherical shell delimiting a cavity where thousands of iron atoms can be stored in a nontoxic...

Rosa hybrida is one the most commonly cultivated ornamental plant of economic importance and faces major challenges under heat stress. Melatonin has been widely shown to regulate plant stress response; however, the exact mechanism involved in heat stress in R. hybrida has yet to be determined. Here, we observed that R. hybrida in vitro plantlets su...

In Drosophila motoneurons, spatiotemporal dendritic patterns are established in the ventral nerve cord. While many guidance cues have been identified, the mechanisms of temporal regulation remain unknown. Previously, we identified the actin modulator Cdc42 GTPase as a key factor in this process. In this report, we further identify the upstream fact...

Flometoquin (FLO) is a novel quinoline-type insecticide that elicits a quick knock-down effect against target pests; however, its mode of action (MoA) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated its MoA systematically, using varying biochemical techniques. Since FLO-treated insects exhibited symptoms similar to those induced by respiratory inhi...

ABSTRACT The dairy yogurt is a fermented milk drink produced by the action of bacteria such as Lactobacillus species and Streptococcus species and commonly consumed all over the world. it has a very good nutritional benefits and therefore very valuable to the health of consumers. This study was carried out to determine the bacterial contamination o...

Abnormalities in the expression of the ubiquitin ligase UBE3A (ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A)/E6AP (human papillomavirus E6-associated protein) are implicated in neurological disorders including Angelman syndrome and autism. Human UBE3A is expressed as three protein isoforms that differ in their abundance and subcellular localization. While previous...

The study investigates the impact of various microorganisms on concrete properties, focusing on enhancing compressive and tensile strength through microbial activity. A total of 48 bacterial and fungal isolates were sourced from soil samples in Egypt's El-Sharkia governorate, cultured, and identified using morphological and biochemical techniques....

This study investigated the viability of composting for actively breaking down synthetic polymer nylon by fungal and bacteria species. A total of thirty (30) samples were taken over the course of three months from two composting sites that contained different coloured polyethylene bags. The identification and characterization of isolates was done u...

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein involved in innate immunity. STING activation occurs by binding of cyclic guanosine-(2'→5')-monophosphate-adenosine-(3'→5')-monophosphate (2',3'-cGAMP) to STING, which leads to downstream production of type 1 interferons (IFN-1). We generated molec...

The current study investigates the biochemical composition and biological activities of ethanol extract from the fruit body of Tricholoma bufonium, marking the first detailed examination of this species. The primary goal was to assess the antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and antioxidant properties of ethanol extract from the fruit body of T. bufonium a...

Background: Soybean (Glycine max) is a vital leguminous crop known for its high nutritional value and economic significance. Its cultivation is expanding globally, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia, where it is recognized as a potential solution to malnutrition and food insecurity. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical, fun...

Seven sedimentary rocks and seven crude oils undertook a geochemical analysis to describe their organic matter type and then tag the Paleoenvironments based on the organic matter. The samples were collected from B1-NC151, A1-NC58, P1-NC1, E1-NC174, D1-NC151, H29-NC115, and D1-NC174 boreholes, located in Murzuq Basin. The study was established to un...

The conservation of the main protease in viral genomes, combined with the absence of a homologous protease in humans, makes this enzyme family an ideal target for developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs with minimized host toxicity. GC-376, a peptidomimetic 3CL protease inhibitor, has shown significant efficacy against coronaviruses. Recently, a...

Protein-protein interactions (PPI) underpin nearly all biological processes, and understanding the molecular mechanisms governing these interactions is crucial for the progress of biomedical sciences. The emergence of AI-driven computational tools can help reshape the methods in structural biology, however model data often quires empirical validati...

Foot and mouth disease is considered one of the major hindrances to the growth of animal husbandry in Nigeria, with a projected annual loss of about 7 billion naira. We sought to establish the hematological and biochemical features in Nigerian indigenous cattle naturally infected with FMDV by comparing the hematological and biochemical features wit...

Background: Investigation of the biochemical profile and storage root yield of three cassava genotypes (H-165, H-226 and TME-419) was carried out. Planting was done at three different seasons: summer, early monsoon and late monsoon. Methods: The storage roots were harvested at intervals of 6, 9 and 12 months after planting to evaluate their yield....

Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) undergo significant texture changes during development and ripening, notably a consistent decrease in firmness, which affects fruit quality, consumer preference, transportability, and shelf life. This study examined the composition and structural modifications of the cell wall in five commercially available bluebe...

Elucidating the Genetic polymorphism in soybean genotypes based on morphological and biochemical technique using multivariate analysis-4379-APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 22(5):4379-4394. Abstract. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the important oilseed crops that is widely cultivated around the world. It has a high amount of p...

Background Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are an emerging global health concern with increasing incidence. Conventional identification methods for NTM species in clinical settings are prone to errors. This study evaluates a newer method, polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme analysis (PCR-REA) of the rpo B gene, for NTM species...

The carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (CAC) is a crucial protein for cellular energy metabolism, facilitating the exchange of acylcarnitines and free carnitine across the mitochondrial membrane, thereby enabling fatty acid β-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Although CAC has not been crystallised, structural insights are derived from...

Cellular compartmentalization, achieved through membrane‐based compartments, is a fundamental aspect of cell biology that contributes to the evolutionary success of cells. While organelles have traditionally been the focus of research, membrane‐less organelles (MLOs) are emerging as critical players, exhibiting distinct morphological features and u...

Ash gourd, scientifically termed Benincasa hispida and commonly known as Kushmanda is a green vegetable. It has been well-regarded for its significant medicinal values since ancient times and is widely documented in Ayurvedic texts. This study investigates the antioxidant, nutritional, and mineral properties of different parts of the Ash gourd (Ben...

IQGAP1 is a large, multi-domain scaffold that connects and modulates different signaling networks including the one initiated by epidermal growth factor (EGF). In this study, we have used live cell fluorescence imaging methods along with other biochemical techniques to follow the mechanisms used by IQGAP1 to enhance EGF signaling. We show that IQGA...

Salinity is a significant abiotic stress that decreases plant growth and productivity in many parts of the world due to increased use of poor-quality water for irrigation and soil salinization. Salinity stress negatively impacts agricultural yields globally, affecting production for both subsistence and financial gain. Salt stress affects every asp...

Advanced Genomic and Biochemical Techniques for Ionomics and Biofortification of Crops* is a comprehensive resource exploring cutting-edge strategies to enhance the nutritional value of food crops. It covers traditional breeding, genome editing, and transgenic approaches, alongside advanced genomic tools like QTL mapping, GWAS, and marker-assisted...

Meiosis is a critical process in sexual reproduction, and errors during this cell division can significantly impact fertility. Successful meiosis relies on the coordinated action of numerous genes involved in DNA replication, strand breaks, and subsequent rejoining. DNA topoisomerase enzymes play a vital role by regulating DNA topology, alleviating...

FtsZ is a bacterial protein that plays a crucial role in cytokinesis by forming the Z-ring. This ring acts as a scaffold to recruit other division proteins and guide the synthesis of septal peptidoglycan, which leads to cell constriction. In its native state, the FtsZ protein from Escherichia coli (EcFtsZ) exists as a multi-oligomer comprising dime...

Chromium(VI) contamination is carcinogenic and largely anthropogenic, stemming from specific industries. With Bangladesh experiencing rapid industrialization, the increasing number of these industries necessitates an economic and sustainable secondary treatment process to maintain acceptable chromium levels. Phytoremediation, an environmentally fri...

The study of DNA biochemistry is pivotal to understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern gene expression. This research delves into the intricate chemical processes that influence DNA structure, function, and regulation. By examining the interplay between DNA and various chemical agents, such as methylating and acetylating compounds, we explo...

Treatment of nitrogenous flue gas or wastewater using microalgae caters to the strategic goal of sustainable development and environmental protection. However, the physiological responses and metabolic mechanisms of microalgae responding to nitrogenous compounds in flue gas or wastewater are still not well understood. In this study, different nitro...

Arginine, lysine, and ornithine are critical to protein structure and function, the urea cycle, and intracellular signaling. These cationic amino acids are imported by several membrane transporters, most notably the Cationic Amino acid Transporters (CATs) in the SLC7 family. Of these, CAT1 is also the receptor for two orthoretroviruses, and determi...

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus in the Enterobacteriaceae family that typically inhabits in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. Among six main pathotypes of E.coli, O157:H7 is the most widely known enterohemorrahagic E.coli (EHEC) strain. Hemorrhagic colitis and hemorrahagic uremic syndrome are the mo...

In the wake of this rapid development, modern technology has simultaneously increased hazardous waste on Earth sharply and caused immense problems both for the environment and public health. There are numerous types of wastes management technologies such as recycling, incineration, composting and many others, however when it comes to hazardous wast...

Background Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is critical for alcohol metabolism by converting acetaldehyde to acetic acid. In East Asian descendants, an inactive genetic variant in ALDH2, rs671, triggers an alcohol flushing response due to acetaldehyde accumulation. As alcohol flushing is not exclusive to those of East Asian descent, we questioned w...

Background: It has been determined that Escherichia coli is the prevailing uropathogen (50-90%) in both complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) possesses an extensive array of virulence factors, which confers the potential to induce urinary tract infections and is correlated with the development...

The majority of food intoxication is caused by Salmonella spp. originating from the intake of contaminated food, particularly of poultry and eggs. It is one of the most important zoonoses for Public Health, to be difficult to control, due to its high endemicity and morbidity and cause great socioeconomic impacts. This study aimed to investigate and...

The use of some organophosphate insecticides is restricted or even banned in paddy fields due to their high toxicity to aquatic organisms. The aim of this study is to elucidate the main pathways and target organs of organophosphate insecticide toxicity to fish exposed via different routes by integrating histopathological and biochemical techniques....

Introduction The ban on antibiotics in animal husbandry underscores the crucial need for safe, natural feed additives. This study investigates the effects of Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids (AGF) and Tween 80 on the growth performance, blood indexes, and rumen microbiota of Nubian goats, evaluating their potential as alternative feed additives...

p>Bacteria living in the digestive system of earthworms ( Eudrilus eugeniae ) can play a role in transforming organic compounds found in the organic matter digested by the worms into simple compounds, including compounds containing indole. During the fermentation process in vermiwash, bacteria will consume the organic matter in worm waste and produ...

Some multidrug-resistant bacteria particularly Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacterspp (ESKAPE pathogens) are associated with nosocomial infections. This study investigated the antibacterial activities of Newbouldia laevis and Dracaena arborea against s...

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. This study was undertaken and the study aims to ascertain the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella typhi. Isolation of Salmonella typhi strains from a total of 20 tap water samples from four different hostels in the Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi was done by standa...

Balamuthia mandrillaris is an amoeba that causes an uncommon but deadly encephalitis, referred to as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). The highest incidence reported worldwide has occurred in America, and within the United States, it has been highest in the Southwest affecting predominantly children and young men of Hispanic ethnicity. Clin...

Sweat analysis is identified as a promising biochemical technique for the non-invasive assessment of human health status. Epidermal microfluidic patches are the predominant sweat sampling and sensing devices. However, the sweat stored inside the patches may suffer from evaporation loss of moisture, which can increase the concentration of biomarkers...

Background: Investigation of the biochemical profile and storage root yield of three cassava genotypes (H-165, H-226 and TME-419) was carried out. Planting was done at three different seasons: summer, early monsoon and late monsoon. Methods: The storage roots were harvested at intervals of 6, 9 and 12 months after planting to evaluate their yield....

Quantum physics is the new paradigm for understanding endocrinology! The advent of the mitochondria in evolution enhanced the energy production per cell and increased the ability to process, store and utilize information. Recent research suggest that from its inception life embraced quantum effects such as ‘tunnelling’ and ‘coherence’ while compe...

Background Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is a common condition that can have a severe impact on the health of newborns due to the hemolytic reactions it triggers. Although numerous studies have focused on understanding the pathogenesis of HDN, there are still many unanswered questions. Methods In this retrospective study, serum samples we...

The association of heart diseases with type 2 diabetes, especially myocardial infarction, calls for a search for biomarkers that have a relationship between the two. Which facilitates the process of reducing the development of myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes. The most prominent of these associations is long-term inflammation...

Nowadays, mastitis is one of the most common diseases in breeding dairy cattle. Treatment with conventional antibiotics is ineffective because many pathogens are resistant. This study aims to investigate the presence of mastitis in milk samples from cows exhibiting clinical symptoms, along with assessing the sensitivity of the bacteria isolated fro...

It is with great sadness that we learned of the passing of Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Dirk Pette passed away suddenly and unexpectedly on June 4, 2022. Dirk was an outstanding professor of biochemistry at the University of Konstanz, Germany and an internationally renowned researcher in the field of skeletal muscle biology. His research on electrical stimul...

Plastic materials are emerging environmental pollutants acting as potential vehicles for accumulation and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The current study investigates the role of plastics in favoring the dispersal of specific pathogens and their associated antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). Artificial plastic substrates (APSs) were submer...

Noncanonical secondary structures formed by Guanine-rich DNA sequences fold into four-stranded structures called the G-quadruplexes (G4s). Targeting G-quadruplexes is considered an attractive approach toward drug intervention. Here, we have studied the targeting of G4s of stem cell markers with designed short peptide (named as QW10) using biophysic...

The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of different techniques employed in remediating contaminated soil and wastewater ecosystems to ensure the safety of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme) cultivated in these environments. Three biochemical techniques T1–T3, besides two controls CCU and CCT, were used to r...

Biofloc technology has shown more production compared to the conventional fish culture but disease outbreaks have been seen to impede productivity. To identify pathogenic bacteria from diseased Gangetic Mystus (Mystus cavasius), using molecular, and biochemical techniques and to find out effective antibiotics. Bacterial samples from diseased fishes...